TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol. 12, No. 10, Octobe
r 20
14, pp. 7176
~ 718
5
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
12i8.532
0
7176
Re
cei
v
ed
De
cem
ber 1
5
, 2013; Re
vi
sed
Jun
e
28, 201
4; Acce
pted July 18, 20
14
Resear
ch on the Web-based On-line Monitoring
Technology of the Smart Substation Primary
Equipments
Xinbo Huan
g, Chen Tao*
, Shuliang
Ji, Haitao Zh
u, Zhouxiong Z
h
ang, Xiaok
u
an Wa
ng
Xi
’a
n Pol
y
tech
nic Univ
ersit
y
, Xi
’a
n 710
04
8, Chin
a
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author e-m
a
il
: 53255
68
64@
qq.com
A
b
st
r
a
ct
Smart substati
on pri
m
ary e
q
u
ip
ment on-l
i
n
e
mo
nito
ri
ng techn
o
lo
gy is a
n
importa
nt pa
rt of
the
reali
z
a
t
io
n of substatio
n
inte
lli
genti
z
e
s
monit
o
rin
g
. In or
der to me
et the req
u
ire
m
e
n
ts of smart su
bstatio
n
o
n
high-speed, efficient,
steady on-lin
e
m
o
nitor
i
ng system
, the sharing
of on
line m
o
nitor
i
ng dat
a of
the power
station a
nd to
improve
inter
oper
abi
lity
of on-li
ne monito
ring
d
e
vic
e
, the pri
m
ary e
qui
p
m
ent o
n
-li
n
e
mo
nitori
ng tec
hno
logy
of s
m
art substatio
n
base
d
o
n
the
n
e
tw
ork is prop
osed
by this
p
aper. Bas
ed
o
n
the
ana
lysis
of the
substatio
n
pr
i
m
ary eq
ui
p
m
ent
mo
nitori
ng
par
ameters, acc
o
r
d
in
g to th
e thre
e lev
e
ls
an
d tw
o
netw
o
rk structure, the
aut
ho
r desi
g
n
ed
pri
m
ary
eq
ui
p
m
e
n
t mon
i
torin
g
t
e
rmina
l (
p
roce
ss leve
l), pri
m
ar
y
e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
o
n
-
l
i
n
e
m
o
ni
to
rin
g
IED
(b
a
y
l
e
ve
l
)
, th
e
mo
n
i
to
ri
ng
cen
t
e
r
(sta
ti
o
n
le
vel
)
re
sp
e
c
ti
ve
l
y
, and
betw
een
each
level
there
are
commun
i
catio
n
netw
o
rk
stru
ctures. T
he sc
ene
practic
a
l o
perati
on
ana
ly
sis
show
s that, on-line
mo
nitor
i
n
g
system for substatio
n
w
h
ich base
d
on th
e netw
o
rk is stabl
e and re
lia
b
l
e
,
and the c
han
g
e
of the equ
ip
me
nt
runn
in
g status can be
monitor
ed acc
u
rately an
d timel
y
.
Ke
y
w
ords
:
on
-line
mo
nitor
i
n
g
, smart subst
a
tion, pri
m
ary equ
ip
me
nt
Copy
right
©
2014 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
Intelligen
ce o
f
the substati
on equi
pmen
ts is the key
techn
o
logy of
the smart g
r
id. The
sma
r
t su
bstat
i
on onlin
e m
onitorin
g
sy
stem is a
n
imp
o
rtant techni
cal method
of con
d
u
c
ting th
e
overha
ul an
d
manag
emen
t of the powe
r
tran
sm
i
ssi
o
n
and tran
sfo
r
mation
equi
pment op
erat
ion
status
and e
nhan
cin
g
the
lean level of
sub
s
tation p
r
imary e
quip
m
ent pro
d
u
c
tion and
ope
ration
manag
eme
n
t. The web
-
ba
sed
prim
ary
equipm
ent o
n
-line
monito
ring te
chn
o
lo
gy of the sm
art
sub
s
tation
wil
l
becom
e a growin
g trend f
o
r future d
e
velopme
n
t of the sma
r
t su
b
s
tation.
The d
e
velop
m
ent an
d a
p
p
licatio
n of o
n
-line
monito
ring te
ch
nolo
g
y in China
bega
n in
1980
s.
Due
to the li
mitation of th
e ov
erall te
ch
nica
l level at th
a
t
time, the first up
su
rg
e h
a
s
appe
are
d
in Chin
a until 1980
s. But in
the mid
1990
s, it entered
a low tide pe
riod. Ho
weve
r,
some
ma
nuf
acturers
and
re
sea
r
ch in
stitutes did
no
t give up th
e
i
r effort
s to
make
continu
ous
resea
r
ch on
that techn
o
lo
gy; and a
r
ou
nd the
wo
rld
the po
we
r supply de
part
m
ents
bega
n
to
introdu
ce
on
-line mo
nitori
ng tech
nolo
g
y
in succe
ssion. With th
e develop
me
nt of conditi
on
asse
ssm
ent
and th
e state
overh
aul, e
s
peci
a
lly with
t
he e
s
tabli
s
h
m
ent of the
d
i
gital network and
the sma
r
t power g
r
id, the on-lin
e monit
o
ring te
chn
o
l
ogy has re
cei
v
ed increa
sin
g
attention from
the dome
s
tic enterp
r
ises.
In particul
a
r, the fi
eld of powe
r
tra
n
smissi
on a
nd
transfo
rmatio
n,
highlighte
d
in
the smart g
r
i
d
con
s
tructio
n
, br
oug
ht the more va
st developm
ent spa
c
e fo
r the
on-
line monito
rin
g
techn
o
logy.
In we
ste
r
n
countrie
s
, th
e
emp
h
a
s
is of
t
he m
onitori
ng
wo
rk ha
s bee
n pl
aced
on
key
equipm
ents such
as tran
sf
orme
rs, SF
6
swit
che
s
a
n
d
GIS equip
m
ents, po
we
r
cable
s
, MOA
and
so o
n
. And m
o
st of the m
o
nitoring ta
sks aim to
acqui
re the
system
oper
ation p
a
r
amete
r
s, ev
en
for the insul
a
tion monito
rin
g
, which is m
a
inly due to
the fact that the foreign g
r
id
is com
p
a
r
atively
fully develop
ed, and the n
e
twork i
s
wid
e
ly spread a
nd wid
e
ly used.
Therefore
,
there are fewer
requi
rem
ents
for the singl
e equipm
ent m
onitorin
g
.
In China, rea
l
-time pe
rcep
tion, monitori
ng
and e
a
rly
warning, an
alysis di
agn
o
s
is a
nd
asse
ssm
ent predi
ction of
the sma
r
t su
bstation o
n
-li
ne prim
ary e
quipme
n
t op
eration
status can
be a
c
hieve
d
by the sm
art sub
s
tatio
n
on
-line m
onitorin
g
sy
stem throu
g
h
variou
s
se
nso
r
techn
o
logie
s
,
wide
-a
rea
communi
catio
n
tech
nolo
g
y and info
rm
ation processing te
ch
nol
ogy.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Re
sea
r
ch on
the Web
-
ba
sed On-li
ne M
onitorin
g
Te
chnolo
g
y of th
e Sm
art… (Xinbo Huan
g)
7177
Thereby, its
con
s
tru
c
tion
and p
r
om
otio
n wo
rk can u
pgra
de th
e le
vel of sma
r
t
grid
and
reali
z
e
sma
r
t sub
s
ta
tion prima
r
y equipm
ent worki
ng state
manag
eme
n
t. But with the con
s
tru
c
tion
of
sma
r
t sub
s
tations, th
ere
are some
pro
b
l
e
ms
existi
ng
i
n
the
con
d
itio
n monito
ring
device
s
a
nd t
h
e
intelligen
ce
o
f
elect
r
ic po
wer sy
stem:
(1) Device
fu
nction
s
and
i
n
terfaces of
different o
n
li
ne
monitori
ng m
anufa
c
ture
rs are n
o
t com
patible an
d poor in i
n
teroperability, costing the u
s
ers
more mo
ney for follow-up
preventiv
e m
a
intena
nce; (2) The state
data need
s to
be sent from
the
sub
s
tation
st
atus m
onito
ring
system to
the info
rmati
on
system to
improv
e info
rmation
shari
ng ;
(3) P
r
obl
ems of unde
r-sta
ndardization i
n
the in
forma
t
ion model, a
nalysi
s
mod
e
l
and the d
a
ta
interface still exist, which brings diffi
culty in the proper use of the data.
Acco
rdi
ng to
the mode
rn
communi
catio
n
network te
chn
o
logy an
d
IEC6185
0 st
anda
rd,
the web
-
ba
se
d on-lin
e mon
i
toring sy
ste
m
of the subs
tation is put forward by this pape
r, whi
c
h is
mainly com
p
ose
d
of the o
n
-line m
onito
ring equi
pme
n
t, intelligent electro
n
ic
device (IED)
and t
h
e
informatio
n in
tegration pl
atform, re
spe
c
t
i
vely a
rran
g
e
d
at the sub
s
tation pro
c
e
s
s level, the ba
y
level and th
e
station level.
RS485/
CAN/
Zigbee/GP
RS
is ado
pted
by the pro
c
e
ss l
e
vel an
d the
bay level to
comm
uni
cate
; the bay level and th
e st
ation level m
a
ke
use of th
e optical fibe
r to
transmit data in accordan
ce with IEC61
850 sta
nda
rd.
2. The Archi
t
ec
ture o
f
th
e Substa
tion
Prim
ar
y
Eq
uipment On
-line Monitoring Sy
stem [2,
8]
In Chi
na, the
we
b-b
a
sed
on-lin
e mo
nitoring
sy
stem
for sub
s
tation
equip
m
ent i
s
com
p
o
s
ed
of three level
s
and two ne
tworks [2] , in whi
c
h th
re
e levels refe
r to the proce
ss level, the
bay
level and th
e
station level,
and two n
e
tworks refe
r t
o
the
station
level
network and the
process
level network. This i
s
a
service
-
o
r
iente
d
archit
e
c
tu
re, in
which d
i
fferent st
ru
ctural
appli
c
ati
on
function
al uni
ts of the p
r
og
ram
(called
servic
e
s
) can
be lin
ked
up
with p
r
oto
c
ol
s throug
h the
s
e
well-defined
servi
c
e interf
aces. All the
substati
on eq
uipment run
n
i
ng
statu
s
p
a
rameters can be
colle
cted
by t
he
station
level, and
then
t
he d
a
ta
, in
a
c
cord
an
ce
wi
th IEC61
850
agre
e
me
nt, will
be uplo
aded t
o
the provin
ce netwo
rk
sid
e
(PMS).
The
system dia
g
ram is shown in Figure 1.
The p
r
o
c
e
ss
level mainly
con
s
i
s
ts of a
variety of se
nso
r
s, th
e pri
m
ary eq
uipm
ent on-li
ne
monitori
ng te
rminal
s a
nd
so on. T
he
pri
m
ary e
quipm
ent ru
nnin
g
status valu
es
can
be
acqui
red
dire
ctly by th
e on
-line
mo
nitoring
devi
c
e o
r
in
di
re
ctl
y
by the
se
n
s
ors of the
o
n
-line
mo
nito
ring
device; a
nd t
hen th
roug
h
digital processing
and
ca
l
c
ulatio
n of th
e statu
s
valu
es, the
statu
s
monitori
ng d
a
t
a will be
obt
ained. Fin
a
lly, the status
monitori
ng d
a
t
a will be t
r
an
smitted fro
m
th
e
pro
c
e
ss l
e
vel netwo
rk to
the IED of the bay
level
so a
s
to get configu
r
ati
on and
cont
rol
information.
The
bay lev
e
l, mainly i
n
cludi
ng th
e t
r
an
sform
e
r o
n
-line
mo
nito
ring
IED, a
r
rester o
n
-lin
e
monitori
ng IED, circuit bre
a
ke
r on-li
ne
monitori
ng IED, cap
a
citive
equipme
n
t on-line mo
nitoring
IED, swit
ch cabinet o
n
-lin
e
monitori
ng I
E
D etc.,
is
re
spo
n
si
ble for
data a
c
qui
siti
on of the p
r
o
c
ess
level. Then
th
roug
h releva
nt data o
p
e
r
a
t
ion proc
essi
ng, the d
a
ta,
in acco
rd
an
ce with IE
C61
850
stand
ard,
will
be se
nt out from the
station level
network to the
co
ntrol level mo
nitoring
ce
nte
r
, I
orde
r to obtai
n sampli
ng comman
d
s a
n
d
config
uratio
n informatio
n.
The
station l
e
vel is mainl
y
comp
osed
of the
station
field
control, rem
o
te
com
m
unication,
synchro
n
ization, the monitoring
cent
er, as
sista
n
t deci
s
ion
-
m
a
kin
g
sub
s
y
s
tem and t
he
informatio
n
in
tegration
platf
o
rm. Data co
mmuni
cation
and co
ntrol comman
d
s
ca
n
be
complet
e
d
throug
h th
e I
E
C618
50
pro
t
ocol
betwee
n
the
platform an
d vari
ou
s
sub
s
yste
ms. In the futu
re
the
sub
s
ystem fu
nction
s can b
e
dire
ctly integrat
ed in the i
n
formatio
n integratio
n platform.
There a
r
e fi
ve tech
nical
feature
s
of t
he
station le
vel network: owning
dat
a interactio
n
interfaces
be
tween th
e st
ation level a
nd the bay
l
e
vel, data intera
ction inte
rface
s
within
the
station level
s
and data int
e
ra
ction inte
rface
s
with
i
n
the bay level; posse
ssing
such fun
c
tion
s as
fault monitoring, fault self-re
cove
ry and dat
a v
e
rificatio
n
etc.; cond
ucti
ng co
nvenie
n
t
maintena
nce
via software
and hardwa
r
e to red
u
ce
side-effect on the whol
e system to
the
minimum d
e
g
ree;
sup
porting the tran
smissio
n
of the MMS (su
pport m
e
ssa
ge specifi
c
ati
on)
informatio
n a
nd joint lo
cki
ng info
rmatio
n; and
sha
r
in
g the unifie
d
IP addre
s
s in
the statio
n le
vel
to avoid the conflicts of IP
address in th
e whol
e network.
The process level netwo
rk al
so di
spl
a
ys f
our technical features. First, the amount of
informatio
n i
n
GO
OSE n
e
twork
and
SV netwo
rk
can
sati
sfy the requi
rem
ents fo
r real-time
transmissio
n and reliability, though the in
formation
in t
he network can be tra
n
smi
tted throug
h no
more
than
4
level switch
cascad
e. Second, a
s
th
e
topolo
g
ical
st
ructure of
th
e
star net
wo
rk is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 10, Octobe
r 2014: 717
6
– 7185
7178
adopte
d
by the p
r
o
c
ess l
e
vel netwo
rk, t
he sub
s
tati
on
VLAN (virtu
a
l
local
area n
e
twork) can
be
categ
o
ri
zed
a
c
cordi
ng to
the d
a
ta traffi
c a
nd
data fl
ow to
re
alize
the d
a
ta i
s
ol
ation. Thi
r
d, t
h
e
VLAN d
o
mai
n
data
inte
raction
pe
rformance
and
even the
whole
pro
c
e
ss level n
e
two
r
k
performance
will not be a
ffected by the
failure
of any
single
point i
n
the
entire network.
Lastl
y,
as do
uble
co
nfiguratio
n is
employed in t
he net
work, the dual n
e
twork i
s
phy
sically indepe
nd
ent
and dual
ne
twork red
u
n
dant config
u
r
ation
will
e
n
su
re
no
rma
l
ope
ratio
n
of one
n
e
twork
rega
rdl
e
ss of the other net
work failu
re o
r
paralysi
s
.
3. Analy
s
is o
f
the Primar
y
Equipment On-line Moni
toring Tec
h
n
o
log
y
3.1. Monitori
ng Paramete
rs [7]
At prese
n
t, among the 22
0kV and a
b
o
v
e 220kV vol
t
age level, the online mo
n
i
toring
obje
c
ts main
ly include th
e main tran
sform
e
r,
hig
h
voltage parallel rea
c
to
r, GIS, lightning
arreste
r
,
circuit bre
a
ker,
etc. As for t
he 1
1
0
k
V a
nd b
e
lo
w 1
1
0
kV voltag
e
level, the m
a
in
transformer and arrester
,
will be the online monitori
ng target
s,
involving dissol
ved gas of the
main tran
sformer oil an
d arreste
r
lea
k
a
g
e
cu
rrent and arres
t
er ac
tion times
,
etc
.
(1) T
r
an
sfo
r
m
e
r on
-line mo
nitoring
In sub
s
tation,
the tran
sformer i
s
the m
o
st impo
rtant
electri
c
al
eq
uipment, in
which th
e
main monito
ring items in
clud
e the transfo
rme
r
oil
dissolved g
a
s an
d micro-water o
n
-li
n
e
monitori
ng, windi
ng
d
e
fo
rmation on-li
ne
monito
ri
n
g
, temperatu
r
e on
-lin
e m
onitorin
g
, pa
rtial
discha
rge
on
-line m
onitori
ng, iro
n
core ea
rth current on
-line
monitori
ng, casin
g
in
sulati
ng
prop
ertie
s
on
-line mo
nitori
ng etc.
(2)
Circuit bre
a
ke
r me
cha
n
i
c
al prope
rtie
s and
ele
c
trica
l
perform
an
ce
online monit
o
ring
The high
-voltage ci
rcuit breaker
is the
most cru
c
ial swit
chg
ear in
the powe
r
system, of
whi
c
h the on
-line mo
nitori
ng items inv
o
lve the
insu
lating ga
s (S
F6 circuit b
r
eaker), brea
king
times, the b
r
ea
king
cu
rrent wavefo
rm, the c
ont
act st
ro
ke, the vibratio
n
waveform, the
open/
clo
s
e
coil current, th
e op
eratin
g
mech
ani
sm o
il pre
s
su
re, a
nd the
ene
rg
y stora
ge
mo
tor
curre
n
t etc. F
o
r the 75
0 kV
SF6 circuit b
r
ea
ke
r,
the o
n
-line m
onitoring items al
so com
p
ri
se S
F
6
gas statu
s
m
onitorin
g
a
n
d
circuit
bre
a
ke
r p
a
rtia
l
di
sch
arge
o
n
-lin
e
monitori
ng. T
he p
r
in
ciple
a
nd
method
s of the circuit bre
a
ke
r on-li
ne
monitori
ng are basi
c
ally the sam
e
as
the GIS on-line
monitori
ng.
(3) Li
ghting a
rre
ster
on-li
n
e
monitori
ng
When
suff
ering
impul
se
voltage, the l
i
ghtning
arre
ster will
rele
ase ene
rgy in th
e form
of elect
r
ic
cu
rrent, an
d fina
lly cond
uct it
into
the e
a
rth
.
As soon
as
impulse volta
ge di
sap
pea
rs,
the lightnin
g
arreste
r
will
return to the
syste
m po
we
r
freque
ncy vol
t
age, und
er
whose control t
h
e
micro leakage current
will com
e
out
of
the lightning arrester inter
nally and ex
ternally and f
l
ow
throug
h the earth. Arrest
er insulation
perfo
rman
ce
can be di
re
ct
ly displayed
by the lightning
arreste
r
lea
k
a
ge cu
rrent, especi
a
lly the resi
stive curre
n
t.
(4)
Cap
a
citiv
e
equipm
ent on-lin
e monit
o
ring
The ca
pa
citive equipm
ent, the electri
c
al
equi
pm
ent wi
th the capa
citive screen e
m
ployed
in its in
sulatio
n
structu
r
e, a
c
c
ount
s for a
bout 40% of t
he sub
s
tation
electri
c
al
eq
uipment
s. As
the
cap
a
citive e
q
u
ipment i
s
compo
s
ed
of
the cu
rr
ent transfo
rme
r
, capa
citor volta
ge tra
n
sfo
r
m
e
r,
cap
a
cito
r, insulating po
rcel
ain col
u
mn, h
i
gh vo
ltage casin
g
and
ca
pacitive lightn
i
ng arre
ster, the
major
monito
ring
ch
ara
c
te
ristic qu
antity inclu
de th
e
diele
c
tric lo
ss, leaka
ge
cu
rrent, eq
uivale
nt
cap
a
cita
nce (some
can al
so monito
r pa
rtial discha
rge
) etc. T
h
is
ki
nd of on
-line
monitori
ng
ca
n
be reali
z
e
d
by the leak current
se
nsors installe
d o
n
the capa
cit
i
ve equipme
n
ts su
ch a
s
the
porcelai
n
col
u
mn,
ca
sing
or lig
htning
a
r
reste
r
. Its diel
ectri
c
lo
ss val
ue
can
be
cal
c
ulate
d
throu
g
h
the pha
se differen
c
e b
e
twe
en the lea
k
ag
e curre
n
t and
the system voltage.
(5) SF6 g
a
s o
n
-line m
onitoring
Owin
g to its efficient insulation pe
rformance, SF6
gas, a
s
the
arc
quen
chi
ng and
insul
a
ting
ga
s, ha
s be
en
widely
used i
n
the
po
we
r
system, i
n
cl
u
d
ing th
e hi
gh
-voltage
ci
rcu
i
t
brea
ke
r, the
mutual ind
u
ct
or an
d GIS. SF6 ga
s co
ul
d maintain e
quipme
n
t insulation level
and
posse
ss ex
cellent a
r
c q
u
enching
capa
bility, fo
r ind
o
o
r
ga
s in
sul
a
tion st
ren
g
th
depe
nd
s o
n
t
h
e
den
sity value of SF6 gas, namely, SF6 gas mol
e
cule numb
e
rs per unit volume, whi
c
h
has
nothing
to d
o
with th
e tem
peratu
r
e.
De
nsity value
is re
pre
s
e
n
ted
by the 2
0
c
h
a
r
g
i
ng
pr
ess
u
r
e
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Re
sea
r
ch on
the Web
-
ba
sed On-li
ne M
onitorin
g
Te
chnolo
g
y of th
e Sm
art… (Xinbo Huan
g)
7179
The
de
cre
a
sed SF6
g
a
s
den
sity ca
used by
lea
k
ag
e of
equi
pme
n
ts m
a
y b
r
in
g ab
out
se
rio
u
s
con
s
e
que
nce
s
such as t
he re
du
ction
of t
he swit
chg
ear
appli
ed voltage
strength a
nd
the
redu
ction of t
he ci
rcuit bre
a
ke
r brea
kin
g
cap
a
city
etc., which wo
uld re
sult in the poo
r ele
c
t
r
ical
perfo
rman
ce
of device
s
. When the environment temp
eratu
r
e chan
ges, the lea
k
positio
n will g
i
ve
rise to the "b
reathin
g
" phe
nomen
on; an
d whe
n
the
external moi
s
ture ente
r
the interio
r
of the
high-pressu
re
devices a
n
d
lead
to the increa
se o
f
SF6 gas humidity, the
poor el
ectri
c
al
perfo
rman
ce
and eve
n
saf
e
ty accident
s woul
d ta
ke
place. Thu
s
,
in order to e
n
su
re
safe
a
n
d
reliabl
e op
era
t
ion of the in
sulation e
quip
m
ents, t
he
d
ensity of the
SF6 ga
s, ga
s leak, g
a
s
mi
cro
water
conte
n
t etc. must re
ceive the real
-time monitori
n
g
.
(6)
High
-volta
ge switch
cab
i
net on-lin
e m
onitorin
g
High
-voltage swit
ch cabi
ne
t
contain
s
hi
g
h
-voltage
swi
t
ch eq
uipme
n
t
compo
nent
s, bus,
sup
port in
sul
a
tor etc. Its safe ope
ration
would
be threatene
d by the defe
c
ts o
r
deterio
ration
of
the internal i
n
sul
a
tion p
a
rts and
the p
oor
co
nt
act
of the ele
c
tri
c
cond
uctio
n
linkin
g
pa
rt
s.
Disch
a
rg
e fa
ult defect
s
of
the high
-volta
ge switch
cab
i
net mainly in
clud
es th
e fol
l
owin
g a
s
pe
ct
s
:
metal protrusions of the condu
ctor a
n
d
the coat
internal
su
rface
,
defects an
d aging of the
insul
a
tion p
a
rts; su
rface filth of
the supp
ort in
sulato
r; the lin
king
poi
nts of hig
h
-vo
l
tage bu
s, po
or
conta
c
t of m
a
in
circuit
co
ntacts of the
high
-v
oltage
switch
an
d
the ci
rcuit b
r
eaker
co
ntacts,
internal
di
sch
a
rge
defe
c
ts
of the
swit
ch
element
s et
c.
As th
e di
sch
a
rge
ph
eno
m
ena
are
likely to
occur i
n
the
accide
nt latency pe
riod,
more in
fo
rma
t
ion about th
e ope
ration o
f
the high-vol
t
age
swit
ch cabin
e
t
would be a
c
quire
d by mo
nitoring of pa
rtial discharge
.
3.2. Design
of the Mo
nitoring Cen
t
er
Soft
w
a
r
e
[5,
10]
In general, the monitori
n
g
cente
r
soft
ware, sho
w
n
in Figure 2,
can be divi
ded into th
e
sub
s
tation n
e
t
work, city bu
reau n
e
two
r
k, and the provi
n
cial n
e
two
r
k.
In su
bstation
s, the
sub
s
tat
i
on laye
r is re
spo
n
si
ble fo
r
colle
cting
op
eration
statu
s
data of th
e
whol
e su
bst
a
tion equi
p
m
ents an
d the health i
n
fo
rmatio
n. Variou
s ki
nd
s of sub
s
ta
tion
equipm
ents
monitori
ng inf
o
rmatio
n will
be visu
ally di
splaye
d by
station level m
onitorin
g
cent
er.
As the so
urce of data, the sub
s
tation system will
sta
r
t to deploy from the su
bst
a
tion layer, which
is mainly e
m
ployed for the station monitoring,
involving data sampli
ng
, acce
ss co
ntrol,
monitori
ng d
a
ta
di
splay a
nd so on.
In accordan
ce
with the
IEC6185
0 p
r
oto
c
ol, the
sub
s
t
a
tio
n
layer, ta
king t
he o
p
tical
fib
e
r a
s
tran
smi
ssi
on
m
ediu
m
,
ca
rry out data
o
r
com
m
and
i
n
teractions
with all intelli
gent logi
c eq
uipment
s. Th
e sam
p
led d
a
ta will be
stored i
n
the lo
cal net
wo
rk.
And
with IEC6185
0 p
r
oto
c
ol a
s
the commu
ni
cation
ag
ree
m
ent, the
su
b
s
tation l
a
yer
will g
e
t re
ady
for
the extern
al
data commu
nicatio
n
. On t
he on
e
h
and,
data
sha
r
ing
can
be
re
ali
z
ed
between
the
sub
s
tation
a
nd the
othe
r external
sy
stems;
o
n
the
other ha
nd,
the mo
nitori
ng d
a
ta
can
be
uploa
ded lev
e
l by level. Substatio
n
dat
a will firs
t be
uploa
ded to the upp
er leve
l, namely the city
bure
au net
wo
rk.
The
city bu
re
au i
s
in
charg
e
of
su
ch ta
sks a
s
d
a
ta co
llecting
from
sub
o
rdi
nate substatio
n
s,
centralized
displ
a
ying o
f
the subst
a
tion equi
p
m
ent run
n
in
g con
d
itions, local backup
impleme
n
ting
of the operation data, and sub
o
rdina
t
e substatio
n
data transmissi
on by the
stand
ard d
a
ta interfaces t
o
provin
ce n
e
twork si
de, so a
s
to com
p
lete the timely upload of
th
e
regio
nal
ele
c
tric t
r
an
smi
s
sion
an
d tra
n
sformati
on
operating
sit
uation. In
ad
dition, sub
s
tation
related
eq
uip
m
ents
ca
n al
so
be h
andl
e
d
by expe
rt
system
software.
Hen
c
e, i
t
is hel
pful a
nd
feasibl
e
for
the city bu
reau to p
e
rfo
r
m t
he m
oni
toring m
ana
gement of
a
n
y sub
o
rdi
n
a
t
e
s
u
bs
tation.
After colle
ctin
g data u
p
load
ed by the
city bur
e
au a
bou
t region
al po
wer t
r
an
smi
s
sion
and
transfo
rmatio
n equi
pment
s statu
s
, the
provin
ce
n
e
t
work side will
establi
s
h state
monito
ring
databa
se to
unify the storage of the su
bstation e
qui
pment statu
s
data of
different regi
on
s. And
then the
colle
cted d
a
ta will
be p
r
o
c
e
s
se
d and
sh
ar
ed
in the p
r
od
u
c
tion m
anag
e
m
ent sy
stem
of
the provin
ce
network si
d
e
, so as to fulfill
advance
d
appli
c
ation
of the monitoring data a
n
d
provide
refe
rence of d
a
ily mana
geme
n
t
work fo
r p
r
ovince
netwo
rk
sid
e
p
r
od
uct te
chn
o
lo
gy
depa
rtment
s. The auxilia
ry deci
s
io
n-makin
g
sy
stem of the
provin
ce n
e
twork
side
e
x
pert
softwa
r
e ca
n make
p
r
edi
cti
on
of all kind
s
of moni
to
re
d devi
c
e
ope
rating
status a
t
different l
e
vels
and figu
re
ou
t the seque
nce of the
equi
p
m
ents th
at
ne
ed to m
a
ke m
a
intena
nce a
c
cordi
ng to
th
e
different level
s
an
d sco
r
e
s
,
so a
s
to im
prove t
he effici
ency of m
a
int
enan
ce
wo
rk
deploye
d
by the
provin
ce n
e
twork
side. T
h
e key info
rm
ation via
data
se
rvice ce
nter can be se
nt
to
the
nati
onal
grid he
adq
ua
rters to fulfill
the uploa
d a
bout wo
rk
i
n
g
conditio
n
s of
region
al po
wer tran
smission
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 10, Octobe
r 2014: 717
6
– 7185
7180
and tra
n
sfo
r
mation. Anot
her fun
c
tion
of the stat
u
s
monitorin
g
databa
se i
s
to achi
eve d
a
ta
sha
r
ing
with
other ap
plicat
ion
system
s t
h
rou
g
h
the
e
n
terp
rise se
rvice
b
u
s, so
as
to
reali
z
e the
potential of th
e on
-line m
o
nitoring
data
and p
r
ovide
assista
n
ce in
informatio
n i
n
tegratio
n for the
provin
ce net
side.
4. Design of
the Subs
ta
tion Primar
y
E
quipment
On-line Moni
toring Net
w
o
r
k
Chin
a State grid comp
any formulat
ed
the sta
ndard DL / T860 "Su
b
station
s
comm
uni
cati
on net
wo
rks
and
system
s" based o
n
I
E
C 61
850 to
reali
z
e th
e
automation
a
n
d
equipm
ent int
e
rop
e
rability among
onlin
e
monitori
ng e
quipme
n
t ma
nufactu
re
rs.
The hie
r
a
r
chi
c
al
distrib
u
tion d
e
sig
n
is ad
op
ted by the smart su
bs
tati
on, namely, the station l
e
vel, the bay level
and the
process level. Ea
ch level
consi
s
ts
of diffe
ren
t
device
s
o
r
d
i
fferent sub
s
ystem
s
so a
s
t
o
fulfill different functions.
Seen from
Figu
re
2,
differe
nt communi
catio
n
me
dia
are em
ployed
by the
comm
uni
cati
on n
e
two
r
k a
c
cordi
ng to
di
fferent level
s
of data tran
smissi
on.
In th
e process l
e
vel,
the commu
ni
cation
bet
we
en
sen
s
o
r
s a
nd o
n
-lin
e m
onitorin
g
d
e
vice
s
can
be
achi
eved
by
the
optical fib
e
rs,
cabl
es
and
wirel
e
ss m
edi
a (su
c
h a
s
in
frare
d
, Blueto
o
th, ZigBee
). To be
sp
ecif
ic,
monitori
ng te
rminal
s
of th
e on
-line
mo
nitoring
sy
ste
m
, the imp
o
rt
ant eq
uipme
n
t of the
process
level, can pro
v
ide the input
/ output interface
s
et
c. The
y
can com
m
u
n
icate
with the bay level IED
throug
h
the wire
d
ways such as RS23
2,
RS485
or
CAN b
u
s ca
ble etc. o
r
wi
rele
ss
way
s
l
i
ke
WiFi /ZigBe
e etc., and
gather the
sample
d d
a
ta from the monitori
ng
terminal
s. The
comm
uni
cati
on b
e
twe
en
the bay l
e
vel
IED a
nd th
e statio
n lev
e
l could
be
reali
z
ed
thro
ugh
IEC6185
0 p
r
otocol. The
station le
vel con
s
is
t
s
of standin
g
domain
control, rem
o
te
comm
uni
cati
on, synchroni
zation
sub
s
y
s
tem an
d t
he informatio
n
integration
platform; and
the
comm
uni
cati
on of data
a
nd control in
stru
ction
s
b
e
twee
n inform
ation integ
r
at
ion platfo
rm
and
each su
bsy
s
tem co
uld be
achieve
d
by the agr
e
e
m
ent IEC6185
0. Finally, the comm
uni
ca
tion
within the sta
t
ion level coul
d be re
alize
d
throug
h the I2 proto
c
ol (co
mmuni
cation
Protocol of on-
line monito
rin
g
system of p
o
we
r tran
smi
ssi
on an
d tra
n
sformation e
quipme
n
t in Chin
a State Grid
Cor
p
).
4.1. The Desi
gn of Ne
t
w
o
r
k bet
w
e
e
n th
e Sensor an
d the On
-line
Monitoring
Dev
i
ce
At prese
n
t, variou
s way
s
of con
n
e
c
tion betwe
en
the sen
s
o
r
and on
-line
monitorin
g
equipm
ents
will b
e
em
p
l
oyed in
on
-line mo
nito
ri
ng system, su
ch as
the
point-to
-
p
o
i
n
t
transmissio
n
con
n
e
c
tion,
se
rial p
o
rt
and p
a
rallel
port
con
n
e
c
tion an
d the
wirel
e
ss
net
work
con
n
e
c
tion et
c. Among th
e
m
, the wirele
ss
se
nsor
net
work
com
p
o
s
ed of the field
-
bu
s
conn
ect
e
d
sen
s
o
r
co
ntro
ller and the self-organi
zing
wirele
ss
access network, comp
ared wit
h
the tradition
al
cente
r
p
r
o
c
e
s
sing, h
a
s th
e
advantag
es
of high
rob
u
stness, high
a
c
cura
cy, stro
ng flexibility and
so on. T
he di
agra
m
of the
field bus
and
the self-o
rg
a
n
izin
g wi
rele
ss sen
s
or
net
work i
s
shown in
Figure 3. Th
e
prima
r
y eq
ui
pment
status
values
ca
n b
e
acquired by
sen
s
o
r
s, and
then upl
oad
e
d
to the on-line
monitori
ng de
vice by bus o
r
wirele
ss n
e
twork.
In the field
bus
network, as
ca
ble
is u
s
ed
a
s
the tran
smissi
on m
e
d
i
um, RS-4
8
5
comm
uni
cati
on m
ode
can
be
empl
oyed
to a
c
hi
eve th
e si
gnal
wi
re
d tra
n
smi
s
sio
n
. Adoptin
g h
a
lf-
duplex
worki
ng mo
de, RS
-485,
at any t
i
me, only ha
s one
point in
the se
ndin
g
status. It is ve
ry
conve
n
ient
when
RS-4
85 i
s
u
s
ed
in the
multipoint
int
e
rconn
ectio
n
s
, for
a lot of
sign
al line
s
can
be save
d. In wirel
e
ss
sen
s
or net
works
[9,11]
, most of the node
s a
r
e
static, except
a small n
u
mb
er
of mobile n
o
des. Th
e wi
reless
sen
s
o
r
netwo
rk
, co
mpared with
the
wired sensor
n
e
two
r
k
,
posse
sse
s
the cha
r
a
c
teri
st
ics of small volume an
d lo
w ene
rgy co
n
s
umptio
n etc.
4.2. The Desi
gn of Ne
t
w
o
r
k bet
w
e
e
n O
n
-line Monitoring Dev
i
ce and IED
No
wad
a
ys, the sm
art
su
bstation i
s
commonly de
sign
ed a
s
two part
s
, with
one pa
rt
con
c
e
r
nin
g
measurement
and co
ntrol
system
and
prote
c
tion
system, a
n
d
the othe
r
part
con
c
e
r
nin
g
o
n
-line
monito
ring net
wo
rk.
The b
a
y level
network a
nd
the process l
e
vel network
are
gene
rally
cat
egori
z
e
d
a
s
t
he
star-like
st
ructu
r
e
and
the ri
ng-li
ke
st
ructu
r
e,
or S
M
V network
and
GOOSE network
.
SMV network
is
m
a
inly re
spo
n
si
ble for
uplo
a
d
ing d
a
ta of
the cu
rrent a
nd
voltage alternating cu
rren
t, while GOO
SE network
is in cha
r
g
e
of uploadin
g
the data of the
swit
chin
g val
ue, bre
a
k-b
r
ake/
clo
s
e-bra
k
e
c
ont
rol a
nd anti-mista
k
e d
e
fen
s
e,e
t
c. Among t
h
e
pre
s
ent dom
estic a
nd foreign pilot stat
ions, SM
V sa
mples valu
e netwo
rks of 2
20kV an
d ab
ove
220
kV
sub
s
ta
tions, with re
gard
to su
ch
factors as
safety and
relia
b
ility etc., gen
erally o
p
e
r
ate
in
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Re
sea
r
ch on
the Web
-
ba
sed On-li
ne M
onitorin
g
Te
chnolo
g
y of th
e Sm
art… (Xinbo Huan
g)
7181
the way of p
o
int to p
o
int
and fe
w
site
s employ
pa
rt interval
net
workin
g; SM
V sam
p
led
value
netwo
rk of 11
0kV a
nd b
e
lo
w 11
0kV
su
b
s
tation
s ad
op
t netwo
rki
ng
mode
s a
nd
communi
cate
with
the IEC 6185
0-9
-
2LE.
The
o
n
-lin
e monitori
ng
d
e
vice coul
d communi
ca
te
with the
bay l
e
vel IEDs through
the
wire
d way of RS232/
RS48
5/CAN o
r
the
wirel
e
ss
way of WiFi/RFID/Zigbee. The
data mea
s
u
r
ed
by the
sen
s
o
r
s of
on
-line
m
onitorin
g
d
e
vice
ca
n b
e
u
p
l
oade
d to IE
D thro
ugh
the
comm
uni
cati
on
netwo
rk, a
n
d
then it woul
d be p
r
o
c
e
s
sed and
cal
c
u
l
ated by IED, with the eq
uipment failu
re
informatio
n
b
e
ing sto
r
ed
and displaye
d
lo
cally
[2, 6].
Figure 4 illustrate
s
the
co
mmuni
cati
on
netwo
rk b
e
tween IED and
on-lin
e monit
o
ring e
quipm
ent.
4.3. Design
of Communi
cation Net
w
ork bet
w
e
e
n
IED and the Integra
t
io
n Platform of
Information
The
futu
re smart sub
s
tati
on comm
unication
n
e
two
r
k
stru
ctu
r
e bet
wee
n
the su
b
s
tation
l
e
vel
and th
e
bay l
e
vel is ge
ne
rally built a
c
co
rding
to th
e d
e
sig
n
id
ea
of
the do
uble
-
lo
op a
n
d
dou
bl
e-
network st
ructure,
whic
h
will make data
comm
uni
cati
on of
the whole substation
communicatio
n
netwo
rk
smo
o
ther a
nd the
commu
nication network
st
rong
er. Th
e n
e
twork
stru
cture i
s
sh
own in
Figure 5.
Gene
rally
sp
eaki
ng, com
m
on n
e
two
r
k tran
sm
issio
n
of the d
o
uble-l
oop
an
d dou
ble-net
netwo
rk
stru
cture ca
n be a
c
compli
she
d
by
MMS, GOOSE, SNTP and IEC 618
50, among
which
MMS is resp
onsi
b
le for th
e tran
smi
ssi
o
n
and p
r
ote
c
t
i
on of the me
asu
r
em
ent a
nd control
act
i
on
informatio
n, alarm info
rm
ation, prima
r
y dev
ice sta
t
us inform
ation and
ba
ckgroun
d con
t
rol
comm
and et
c., GOOSE is employed to t
r
an
smit the
five-ca
s
e
unite
d atre
sia info
rmation, SNT
P
is used to set
time for the station level equipme
n
t, and IEC 61850 i
s
the tran
smi
ssi
on protoco
l
o
f
the prima
r
y or se
con
d
a
r
y equipme
n
t on-l
i
ne monito
rin
g
informatio
n.
The inform
ation integratio
n platform is locate
d
in the station level. The functions such as
data sam
p
lin
g and monito
ring, operation
atresia
and f
aul
t recorder
etc. can b
e
fulfilled by station
level, involving variou
s kinds of appli
c
ation
sub
s
ystem
s
su
ch
as the auto
m
ation syste
m
,
comm
uni
cat
i
on
sy
st
em,
s
y
n
chr
oni
zat
i
o
n
sy
st
em,
onl
ine mo
nitorin
g
sy
stem a
n
d
so
on; th
e d
a
ta
are gath
e
re
d from different
kinds of me
rging uni
ts of the equip
m
ent
level and IED, and then they
are p
r
o
c
e
sse
d by IED and are tran
sm
itted to the
informatio
n integration pl
atform, so a
s
to
reali
z
e
centra
lized m
ana
ge
ment and i
n
fo
rmation
sh
ari
ng of the sub
s
ystem
s
of all
levels. In ord
e
r
to en
su
re th
e sy
stem
saf
e
ty and
reli
a
b
le o
peration
,
doubl
e-n
e
t
w
ork ba
ckup
me
cha
n
ism
[2
]
is
adopte
d
by the netwo
rk structure.
5. Design of
the Ke
y
Tec
hnolog
y
[4]
5.1. Design
of On-line M
onitoring Te
rminals
The process level of the on-line m
o
n
i
toring
sy
ste
m
includ
es t
he su
bstatio
n
prima
r
y
equipm
ents,
sen
s
o
r
s an
d f
i
eld p
r
o
c
e
ssi
ng u
n
its, a
m
o
ng
whi
c
h th
e
sen
s
o
r
s an
d f
i
eld p
r
o
c
e
ssi
ng
units a
r
e kno
w
n a
s
the m
onitorin
g
terminals. At prese
n
t, the se
nso
r
technolo
g
y has be
en
fully
develop
ed, a
nd the fun
c
tio
n
of the mo
ni
toring te
rm
in
als i
s
to
colle
ct data a
nd
make
prelimi
nary
treatment, so
as to make
A/D conve
r
si
on and cl
assi
fied stora
ge
of the non-di
gitalize
d
sen
s
or
information.
The ci
rcuit brea
ke
r online
monitoring t
e
rmin
al, desi
gned by the author of the
thesis,
make
s
use of
DSPTMS32
0F283
35
as the
core of
circuit b
r
ea
ke
r i
n
telligent m
o
nitoring
unit
a
nd
deploy
s in the modula
r
structures, in
clu
d
i
ng the DS
P28335 mini
mum system,
communi
cati
on
module,
sig
n
a
l conditioni
n
g
mod
u
le
an
d po
we
r
sup
p
ly modul
e e
t
c. Figu
re
6 il
lustrate
s
on
-li
n
e
monitori
ng u
n
it core h
a
rd
ware structu
r
e. As
the output signal
s sent by the sen
s
o
r
is mu
ch
smalle
r a
n
d
the voltage
doe
s n
o
t match
with
t
hat of A/D
sampli
ng m
o
dule, the
si
gnal
con
d
itioning
circuits n
eed
to be
adj
uste
d. The
n
the
signal
s
woul
d
be
sent
to th
e A/D
mod
e
l
to
conve
r
t, and
finally would
be processe
d throu
gh
DSP treatment
. At the same time, FPGA is
employed to
detect B cod
e
s in thi
s
sy
stem an
d
to reali
z
e
synch
r
ono
us
sam
p
ling of multip
le
units
.
5.2. The Desi
gn of On
-line Monitoring
IED
The Engli
s
h
full name
of IED is th
e
Intelligent El
ectro
n
ic Device. In the
IEC61
850
proto
c
ol, IED is defin
ed
as a
kin
d
of
device
co
nsisting of o
n
e
or mo
re
proce
s
sors,
wh
ich
posse
ss the
cap
a
city to
re
ceive ext
e
rnal
re
so
urces o
r
send
data or cont
rol comma
nd
s to
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 10, Octobe
r 2014: 717
6
– 7185
7182
external re
so
urces. IED, the key equi
p
m
ent in
mod
e
rn sm
art su
bstation bay l
e
vel, could carry
out coo
r
di
nat
e wo
rk a
nd
bidire
ction
a
l data co
mmu
nicatio
n
with
the informa
t
ion integration
platform
and
the
pro
c
e
ss level
(in
c
lu
ding i
n
tellige
n
t devices,
mergi
ng
unit
s
a
n
d
intelli
gent
terminal
s). It
plays
an im
portant
role
in the
sma
r
t sub
s
tation
st
atus m
onitori
ng sy
stem a
n
d
auxiliary syst
em.
In the subst
a
tion, intelligent monitoring IE
Ds, according to the types of m
onitoring
equipm
ents
and their dif
f
erent install
a
tion locati
o
n
s, ca
n be
categ
o
ri
zed i
n
to transf
o
rmer
monitori
ng IED, circuit b
r
e
a
ke
r mo
nitori
ng IED,
ca
pa
citive equi
pm
ent monito
rin
g
IED, lightni
ng
arreste
r
m
oni
toring
IED
a
nd SF6
g
a
s
monitori
ng IE
D et
c. Altho
ugh
ea
ch IE
D h
a
s differe
n
t
function
s, the
main fun
c
tio
n
s of IED i
n
cl
ude d
a
ta extracting, d
a
ta stipulating a
n
d
data upl
oadi
ng
etc. Apart fro
m
the tran
sforme
r IED control of air-cool
ed contro
l terminal
s (air-co
o
led
co
ntrol
sho
u
ld re
alize cong
eale
r
swit
chin
g co
ntrol f
unctio
n
through rem
o
te control, local control and
automatic
co
ntrol etc.), ot
her
IEDs are
similar with
each other in
the hard
w
are desig
n and
the
softwa
r
e de
si
gn.
IED, as th
e b
a
y level eq
ui
pment of th
e
sub
s
tation
on
-line m
onito
ri
ng
system, i
s
not only
respon
sibl
e for receiving
accurate an
d
real
-t
ime sa
mpling
com
m
and
s from
the station le
vel,
timely issui
n
g
comm
and
s t
o
the p
r
o
c
ess level sam
p
lin
g devices, a
n
d
se
ndin
g
upl
oad d
a
ta of the
pro
c
e
ss level
back to the station level, but also
re
sp
onsi
b
le for re
cording a
bno
rmal in
cide
nts of
the brea
ke
r to make e
a
rly
warni
n
g
s
or
alarm
s
a
s
well as afterward
s
analy
s
e
s
. On the wh
ole,
coo
r
din
a
tion,
tran
smi
ssi
o
n
, data p
r
o
c
essing,
and IEC6185
0
p
r
otocol
emb
e
dding and
ot
her
functions will
be fulfilled wit
h
the help of IED.
Take
the
circuit bre
a
ker
o
n
-line
monito
ring
IE
D [12]
as
an exa
m
pl
e, whi
c
h i
s
d
e
sig
ned
by the authors of the thesi
s
. In orde
r to
sati
sfy the requireme
nts
of
high-sp
ee
d and real-ti
m
e
prop
erty, the structu
r
e of
ARM+DSP
is used in
order to e
n
su
re a qui
ck an
d effici
ent
transmissio
n
ability and
powerful
real
-time mo
nito
ring fu
nctio
n
. ARM9
chi
p
S3C2
440A
of
Samsu
ng
Co
rp. is
used a
s
the A
R
M
chip. Tog
e
ther with oth
e
r h
a
rd
wa
re e
qui
pments such
as
perip
he
ral ke
yboard, LCD,
Ethern
e
t
co
mmuni
cati
on
etc., ARM
9
chip
can
con
duct th
e enti
r
e
system
man
a
gement
an
d
control, in
clu
d
ing
se
ndi
n
g
the i
n
structi
ons to
DSP,
sen
d
ing
fed
back
data, furthe
r
data p
r
o
c
e
ssi
ng, sto
r
ag
e a
nd di
splay, a
nd commu
nicating bet
wee
n
DSP a
nd t
h
e
station l
e
vel
serve
r
. 2
000
se
rie
s
T
M
S320F2
833
5
chip of
Texas Instrument
s
(TI)
Com
pan
y is
use
d
as
DSP chip, whi
c
h t
a
ke a
d
vantag
e of DSP
high-spee
d arith
m
etic and the
characte
ri
stic of
on-chip p
e
rip
heral to com
p
lete circuit b
r
ea
ke
r statu
s
data sampli
n
g
, calculating
and analy
z
in
g,
and at th
e
same time i
n
respon
se
to the AR
M
re
q
u
irem
ents, th
e data
pro
c
e
ssi
ng
re
sults
are
sent to
ARM.
The
overall
h
a
rd
wa
re
archi
t
ecture
of th
e
circuit b
r
e
a
ke
r mo
nitorin
g
I
E
D i
s
sho
w
n
in
Figure 7.
As
for software data co
mmuni
cation
of
the
circui
t brea
ke
r mo
nitoring
IED, the dat
a
comm
uni
cati
on mod
u
le
s inclu
de th
e co
mmuni
cation
between ARM
and
DSP, the
comm
uni
cati
on betwe
en
DSP and mo
nitoring termi
nals, and the
commu
nicati
on betwe
en
ARM
and the statio
n level.
In the ope
rati
on process, the ho
st comp
uter ARM, in
accor
dan
ce with
the confi
guratio
n
file, initiates the polling f
unctio
n
, issu
es samplin
g
comma
nd
s to circuit bre
a
ke
r monito
ri
ng
terminal
equi
pments until i
t
arrive
s at th
e pollin
g
time
acco
rding
to
the pre-set
comm
uni
cati
on
proto
c
ol, and
finally wait for the retu
rn value
(The S
P
I interrupt reque
st sent from DSP to the
ARM). The fl
ow dia
g
ra
m o
f
the system softwa
r
e is
sh
own in Fig
u
re
8.
5.3. Specific
a
tions o
f
IED Embedment in IEC61850
Standard
[3,13]
IEC6185
0 is
obje
c
t-o
r
iente
d
, with the d
e
vel
opme
n
t model to ma
ke dyna
mic a
nd static
desi
gn
and
with the meth
o
d
of o
b
je
ct in
heritan
ce
to
contrive
the
cla
s
ses of dif
f
erent level
s
.
A
uniform d
a
ta
obje
c
t model
can b
e
built for the sy
stem
by IEC61850
. IED contain
s
vario
u
s lo
gi
cal
device
s
(LD),
whi
c
h in
clud
e the logi
cal
node
s (LN);
a
nd ea
ch l
ogical nod
e (L
N) involves different
data a
nd
dat
a attribute
s
.
Detaile
d d
e
scriptio
n of
e
a
ch
cl
ass
ca
n be
p
r
ovide
d
by IEC618
50,
inclu
d
ing th
e
co
rre
sp
ondi
ng attribute
s
and
se
rvic
e
s
; and th
en t
he serve
r
of
those IE
D co
uld
provide
external a
c
cess in
terface
s
. In t
h
is
way,
it is
clea
r to
see t
he se
rvices p
r
ovided
by e
a
ch
IED; and the
comm
uni
cati
on bet
wee
n
IEDs i
s
visi
bl
e
.
Therefo
r
e, I
E
D interope
rability and d
e
s
ign
stand
ardi
zati
on
can
be
reali
z
ed
via
the
em
bed
ded IEC618
50 p
r
oto
c
ol.
IED data
model
rep
r
e
s
ent
s its data types, that is to say,
IED data model
decide
s
which data n
eed
s
comm
uni
cati
on a
nd
ho
w t
he d
a
ta
com
m
unicate. IED hi
era
r
chi
c
a
l
model
is sh
own
in Fi
gu
re
9. In
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
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Re
sea
r
ch on
the Web
-
ba
sed On-li
ne M
onitorin
g
Te
chnolo
g
y of th
e Sm
art… (Xinbo Huan
g)
7183
IEC6185
0, th
e logi
cal n
o
d
e
s a
r
e th
e b
a
si
c dat
a mo
dels, whi
c
h
i
n
clu
de certai
n
data
o
b
je
cts
comp
osed of corre
s
p
ondin
g
data attribut
es.
Embedd
ed E
t
hernet i
s
a
p
p
lied by IED,
so that
it
ca
n be di
re
ctly con
n
e
c
ted
with the
s
u
bs
tation automation s
y
s
t
em net
work
without ma
king u
s
e of
the cent
ral p
r
ocessin
g
un
its,
comm
uni
cati
on unit
s
an
d
proto
c
ol
co
n
v
ersio
n
uni
t
s
, gateway an
d othe
r intermediate lin
ks. As
IEC6185
0 is
also
adopt
ed
by the stati
on level,
it can save mu
ch time for th
e entire
syst
em
desi
gn an
d maintena
nce.
5.4. The Desi
gn of the
Ba
ckstage Softw
a
r
e
In ord
e
r to
m
a
ke
it ea
sie
r
f
o
r u
pdatin
g a
nd exp
andin
g
,
modula
r
a
n
d
hie
r
archi
c
al
de
sign
sho
u
ld be ad
opted by
the
backstage
so
ftware.
M
odul
es ca
n be co
nfigure
d
flexi
b
ly,
owin
g
to
its
high
coh
e
si
o
n
. The i
n
terf
ace
s
b
e
twe
e
n
differe
nt le
vels
shoul
d
be
clea
r an
d
co
nci
s
e, a
n
d
posse
ss stro
ng com
patibil
ity
and expan
sibility,
so
a
s
to en
su
re th
a
t
the te
chni
ca
l tran
sformati
on
of certain lev
e
l will not exert any influence
on
the ot
her l
e
vels. T
he ba
ckstage software
should
displ
a
y the fu
nction
s
su
ch
as info
rmatio
n coll
ectio
n
, remote comm
unication, an
alysis
and
ea
rly
warning, ma
nagem
ent a
nd mainte
na
nce, security
authentication, informati
on display, data
export and o
p
e
ration m
onit
o
ring, etc.
The sp
ecifi
c
functio
n
s of th
e softwa
r
e
system in
clude:
(1)
High
-voltage
equipm
ents st
atus pa
noramic i
n
form
a
t
ion colle
ctio
n an
d mo
del
ing: unifie
d
modelin
g of
the diffe
rent
d
a
ta types an
d dat
a
sou
r
ces
co
uld
pro
v
ide complet
e
pa
norami
c
informatio
n d
a
taba
se for e
quipme
n
t dia
gno
sis;
(2)
Paramete
r m
anag
ement of
the main equ
ipments a
nd
monitori
ng eq
uipment
s;
(3)
Status monito
ring data a
nal
ysis an
d early
warni
ng;
(4)
Equipme
n
t status evaluati
on,
whi
c
h co
uld provid
e the device
stat
us refe
re
nce
for extensio
n
of the intelligent disp
atchi
ng functio
n
;
(5)
Cal
c
ulating
e
quipme
n
t ri
sk value
acco
rdi
ng to
the
p
o
we
r tran
smi
ssi
on
and
tra
n
sformation
equipm
ent
ri
sk a
s
sessm
e
nt mod
e
ls,
p
r
ocesse
s an
d meth
od
s: i
dentifying th
e pote
n
tial
external th
re
ats an
d internal defe
c
ts
o
f
t
he equipm
ents, an
alyzi
ng the a
s
set
s
lo
ss
deg
re
e
and threat probability after the equipm
e
n
t sufferi
n
g
in
efficacy, and
acq
u
irin
g equ
ipment ri
sk
grad
e in po
wer gri
d
throu
g
h
risk evaluati
on model;
(6)
Providing thresh
old, so a
s
to give alarm
s
;
(7)
Real
-time re
ceiving and a
n
a
lyzing the
co
mmand me
ssage
s.
Expert softwa
r
e i
s
in
stalle
d
in the
statio
n le
vel of th
e
sma
r
t
sub
s
t
a
tion, and
its wo
rki
n
g
prin
ciple
s
are
as follo
ws: t
he exp
e
rt
sof
t
ware
di
s
t
ributes
an IED for a set of the
s
a
me type
hig
h
voltage devices, and
ea
ch
IED colle
cts the sampl
e
d
data from di
fferent monit
o
ring te
rmin
a
l
s
throug
h the
con
n
e
c
tion b
e
twee
n the
pro
c
e
s
s level
network a
n
d
the
su
bord
i
nate mo
nitoring
terminal
s; the
n
accurate informatio
n, with
analysi
s
an
d encap
sulati
on by the IEC61
850, can
be
obtained to do data fault toleranc
e; and i
n
the process of trans
mi
ssi
on the abnormal data will
be
marked a
nd f
ed ba
ck to th
e IED for dat
a extractio
n
o
n
ce
again, u
n
t
il the normal
data ha
s be
en
acq
u
ire
d
; in t
he repe
ated
operation
s
, the mo
nitori
n
g
of the IED
workin
g
con
d
i
tions a
nd
he
alth
status
ca
n b
e
reali
z
e
d
. IED ca
n ma
ke a co
mpre
h
ensive a
naly
s
is
of the da
ta from different
monitori
ng p
r
oject
s
, and
eventually a
r
rive at
a
co
nclu
sio
n
of t
he comp
reh
e
nsive di
agn
o
s
is
results for th
e mo
nitore
d
equipm
ents.
The fa
ult poi
nts a
n
d
their detaile
d info
rmation
will
be
stored in the
local,
and the co
ntrol com
m
ands will
be
issued for t
he on-line
m
onitoring devices
so a
s
to locat
e
and corre
c
t er
rors or p
r
ev
ent the faults.
6. Analy
s
is o
f
Sy
stem Running Examples [5
]
The
sub
s
tation statu
s
m
o
nitoring
syste
m
de
sc
ribe
d
in this p
ape
r has
bee
n succe
ssfully
applie
d to o
ne 22
0kV
substatio
n
of
the natio
na
l grid. T
he t
r
an
sform
e
r
p
a
rtial di
scha
rge
monitori
ng
sensor i
s
sh
o
w
n i
n
Fig
u
re
10
and
the
site i
n
stall
a
tion of vari
o
u
s t
r
an
sform
e
r
monitori
ng IEDs in the tran
sform
e
r intelli
gent co
m
pon
ent cabi
net are displ
a
yed in
Figure 1
1
.
Tran
sfo
r
mer monitori
ng eq
uipment
consists of
the
foll
owin
g mo
dul
es: tran
sform
e
r
sum
m
ary,
transfo
rme
r
colle
cting,
oil
gas and micro
wate
r monitori
ng,
partial di
scharg
e
mo
nitoring,
transfo
rme
r
workin
g cond
ition monito
ri
ng, co
ol
er un
it monitorin
g
, and u
nde
r-l
o
ad tap
cha
n
g
i
ng
voltage monit
o
ring. T
he tra
n
sforme
r cu
rrent
run
n
ing st
atus
a
nd
the
monitori
ng re
mnant data
a
n
d
alarm
thre
sh
old of th
e te
st items can
be
cal
c
ul
at
ed a
nd
exhi
bited. This
mo
d
u
le contai
ns
current
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 10, Octobe
r 2014: 717
6
– 7185
7184
transfo
rme
r
o
il chromatog
r
aphi
c monito
ring data, hi
storical data, hi
stori
c
al
curve
s
, and al
gorit
hm
analysi
s
, etc., which is sho
w
n in Figu
re
12(a
)
, 12(b).
Figure 13 illu
strate
s the fi
eld in
stallatio
n
of
high
-voltage
circuit b
r
eaker m
onito
ring d
e
vice
and the
intell
igent comp
o
nent cabin
e
t
and va
riou
s
sen
s
o
r
s in
sta
llation. Para
meters such
as
insul
a
tion ga
s (SF6
circui
t brea
ker), breaki
ng cu
rre
n
t waveform,
brea
k-bra
k
e/
clo
s
e brake coil
curre
n
t, the o
peratin
g m
e
chani
sm
stro
ke, sp
eed
an
d
me
chani
cal
vibration,
con
t
act temp
erat
ure
rise a
nd othe
r param
eters can be di
splay
ed by t
he expert system, a
s
is sho
w
n in
Figure 14.
The m
a
in m
onitorin
g
valu
es
of Zin
c
o
x
ide
lightnin
g
arre
ster i
n
cl
ude
re
sistive
cu
rrent a
n
d
total lea
k
ag
e
curre
n
t value.
Zin
c
oxide
lig
htning
arre
ste
r
in
sulatio
n
status
ca
n b
e
reflected
by th
e
total leakag
e curre
n
t value, and its resi
st
ance cu
rre
nt value is a mo
re se
nsitive indicator of the
insul
a
tion p
e
r
forma
n
ce. Li
ghtning
arre
ster on
-site m
onitorin
g
te
rminals an
d
expert
software
interfaces a
r
e
demon
strate
d in Figure 15
and Figu
re 1
6
respe
c
tively.
In ord
e
r to di
splay th
e rea
l
-time mo
nito
ring i
n
form
ation a
nd
histo
r
ical
data,
correspon
ding
softwa
r
e m
o
d
u
les
are re
sp
ectively co
nfigure
d
for oth
e
r
sub
s
tation
equip
m
ent
s, as i
s
sho
w
n
in
Figure 17.
Furthe
rmo
r
e,
in su
bstatio
n
, the real
-time
stat
us
of the
se
con
dary
smart compo
n
ents of o
n
-
line monito
ri
ng co
ntrol
cabinet can al
so be
disp
la
yed by statu
s
monito
ring
expert soft
ware,
whi
c
h contain
s
the faults,
start and
stop,
and the
current tempe
r
at
ure of the
co
ntrol cabin
e
t. On
the ba
si
s of t
he
reali
s
tic fo
undatio
n run
n
ing
statu
s
, the
cont
rol
wo
rk of the
intell
igent
comp
on
ent
IED can be
completed by
status m
onito
ring expe
rt so
ftware, a
s
is shown in Figu
re 18.
7. Conclusio
n
With the hel
p of the network-ba
s
e
d
sma
r
t sub
s
ta
tion on-lin
e monitori
ng system, the
power compa
n
ies, in a co
nvenient and
highly effi
cient way, are capabl
e of acquirin
g
the re
al-
time sub
s
tati
on prim
ary d
e
vice
status
informatio
n, unde
rsta
ndin
g
the ope
rati
on condition
of
equipm
ents, asse
ssi
ng system
o
per
ation ri
sks, tim
e
ly and effe
ctively maki
n
g
mainte
nan
ce
planni
ng, an
d enh
an
cing
se
curity an
d
stability of
the syste
m
. What's m
o
re, a
c
cordi
ng to t
he
prod
uctio
n
m
anag
ement
system (PMS), the as
set manag
eme
n
t can b
e
opti
m
ized, d
e
vice
resou
r
ces
ca
n be explore
d
appropri
a
te
ly, operati
on
co
sts can be
redu
ce
d, and
drasti
c ben
e
f
its
can b
e
pro
d
u
c
ed.
Ho
wev
e
r,
re
s
t
ricted
by
the
cu
rre
nt lev
e
l
of tech
nolo
g
y
, much im
provement
sho
u
ld be
made
on
the
intelligen
ce
o
f
the
sub
s
tati
on e
quipm
en
t statu
s
mo
ni
toring
sy
stem
, esp
e
ci
ally t
h
e
improvem
ent
on relia
bility, accu
ra
cy and st
a
b
ility of the monitoring
equi
pments
and
the
stand
ardi
zati
on of IEC6
18
50. In ad
ditio
n
, furthe
r
s
t
ud
ie
s
s
h
o
u
l
d be
ma
de
to
bette
r
in
te
g
r
a
t
e
th
e
real
-time info
rmation a
nd
non real-tim
e
informat
ion
and to up
gra
de onlin
e stat
us dia
gno
si
s
and
intelligent pre
d
iction.
Referen
ces
[1]
Q/GDW383-2009. T
e
chnology
guide for Smart subs
tation. Beijing:
China
State Grid Cor
p
. 2009.
[2]
Hua
ng Xi
nbo e
c
t.
Principle an
d
ap
plic
ation o
f
smart
substation. Bei
j
i
ng: C
h
in
a Electric P
o
w
e
r Press.
201
2.
[3]
Yang
Jun,
Lu
o Ji
an, Z
h
a
o
Chu
nbo
ect.
Internatio
na
l s
t
andar
d pr
otoc
ol
of IEC61
8
0
.
Jo
u
r
na
l
of
Cho
ngq
in
g Ele
c
tric Pow
e
r Col
l
eg
e
. 200
4; 4: 2-3.
[4]
Hua
ng
Xi
nb
o, He
Xia, W
a
n
g
Xi
aok
uan, W
a
ng Ho
ng
lia
ng
ect. Examp
l
es
of the ap
plic
a
t
ion a
nd ke
y
techno
lo
g
y
of smart substatio
n
. In electric po
w
e
r constructi
o
n
. 2012; 1
0
: 29
-31.
[5]
Hua
ng
Xinb
o,
Guo Jia
n
l
e
i
ect. T
he desig
n of
on-l
i
n
e
mo
nito
ring tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
of smart su
b
s
tation
base
d
on the Intern
et of things. Xi'
an:
Xi'
a
n Pol
y
tech
nic Univ
ersit
y
. 201
2.
[6]
Lu Yan, Son
g
W
e
i ect. Anal
ysis of of smart
substa
ti
on
p
r
oce
ss l
e
ve
l
ne
tw
ork
structure. In ELECT
R
IC
POW
E
R IT
. 2012; 10(6): 6
5
-6
7.
[7]
Don
g
Ye, L
i
Y
ong
bin, Z
h
ang
Xu
n ect. Smart
substatio
n
pr
i
m
ar
y
eq
uipm
e
n
t on-l
i
ne m
o
n
i
toring s
y
stem
constructio
n
scheme.
In scien
ce and tec
hno
l
ogy infor
m
atio
n
. 2012: 7
9
7
[8]
LiQiLi
n,
Xi
aoG
ong, F
a
n Ro
n
gqu
an. T
he re
search
of sm
art substati
on
on-l
i
ne
mon
i
torin
g
s
y
stem
architectur
e
. In Computer science
. 201
2; 37(
12A): 80,8
7
.
[9]
Che
n
Deh
u
i, C
hen
g Lei
ect.
W
i
reless sens
or
net
w
o
rks i
n
the app
licati
o
n
of smart substation.
Power
system
comm
unication
. 20
12; 33(2
35): 35-
36
.
[10]
Li
Xia
o
fen
g
, Li
u Jua
n
, T
an Shao
xian, ect.
T
he ke
y
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
of trans
mission
an
d transformati
on
equ
ipme
nt on-l
i
ne mo
nitori
ng
center
w
h
ich is
based on IEC
618
50.
In Hig
h
voltage e
n
g
i
ne
erin
g.
201
0;
36(1
2
): 304
1-3
046.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Re
sea
r
ch on
the Web
-
ba
sed On-li
ne M
onitorin
g
Te
chnolo
g
y of th
e Sm
art… (Xinbo Huan
g)
7185
[11]
Hua
ng
Xi
nb
o,
T
i
an Yi ect. T
he res
earc
h
of
hig
h
vo
ltage
s
w
itc
h
ca
bin
e
t
contact temp
erature
on
lin
e
monitori
ng s
y
st
em
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Yang Bo, Qu
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D
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F
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T
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1
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5
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IED
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Che
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Hua
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Xi
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