TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol. 12, No. 8, August 201
4, pp. 6259 ~ 6266
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
12i8.603
1
6259
Re
cei
v
ed
Jan
uary 21, 201
4
;
Revi
sed Ma
rch 2
9
, 2014;
Acce
pted April 15, 2014
Performance Relay Assisted Wireless Communication
Using VBLAST
M.M. Kamru
z
zaman
Ke
y
Lab of Info
rmation C
odi
ng
&
T
r
ansmissio
n
, South
w
est Ji
aoton
g Un
ivers
i
t
y
,
Che
ngd
u, Sich
uan, Ch
in
a
email: m.m.kamruzzaman@gmail.com
A
b
st
r
a
ct
In this
pap
er,
perfor
m
a
n
ce
o
f
relay
assiste
d
w
i
rel
e
ss li
nk
is ev
al
uate
d
usin
g VBLA
S
T
in t
h
e
prese
n
ce of ra
yleig
h
fad
i
n
g
w
here s
ource
is
equ
ipp
ed w
i
th
tw
o transmit a
n
tenn
as, rel
a
y is eq
uip
p
e
d
w
i
th
mu
ltipl
e
trans
mit and
multi
p
le
receiv
e a
n
ten
nas, an
d d
e
sti
natio
n h
a
s
mul
t
iple r
e
ceiv
e a
n
t
ennas. T
h
e in
pu
t
infor
m
ation are
modulated using
QPSK
or 16 QAM or
64
QAM m
o
du
lator and
m
o
dulated inf
o
rmation
are
enco
d
e
d
usin
g
VBLAST
and then spl
i
t into
streams w
h
ic
h are si
mult
a
n
eous
ly trans
mi
tted through
transmit ante
n
nas of source.
R
elay d
e
co
des
the ra
yleig
h
fadin
g
effected si
gna
l and re-
e
n
c
odes usi
n
g
VBLAST
and f
o
rw
ards for de
stinatio
n. It is observ
ed
that
relay w
i
th 2 tr
ans
mit ant
enn
as an
d 2/3/4/5
/
6
receiv
e ante
n
n
a
s provi
des 9-
11.5 dB g
a
ins
compar
ed to
di
rect link. And there ar
e aro
u
n
d
3 dB to 11 d
B
gai
ns for incre
a
sin
g
nu
mb
er of receivi
ng a
n
tenn
as
at relay
and d
e
stin
ation
from 2 to 3/4/5
/
6.
Ke
y
w
ords
:
VB
LAST
, MIMO,
deco
de a
nd for
w
ard, relay, w
i
reless co
mmuni
cation
.
Copy
right
©
2014 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
Relayin
g
is con
s
ide
r
ed
as a pro
m
ising te
chn
i
que for n
e
x
t generatio
n wirel
e
ss
comm
uni
cati
on syste
m
s
due to its abi
lity of impr
oving cove
rag
e
and pe
rforma
nce. Th
ere a
r
e
mainly two
types of
relays:
Amplify and
Forwar
d (AF)
and
Decode
and Forwa
r
d (DF
)
.
AF sim
p
ly
amplifies the
incomi
ng
sig
n
a
l an
d fo
rwards it
to the
d
e
s
tination
with
out any
attem
p
t to d
e
code
i
t.
AF relay is e
a
sy to imple
m
ent but can
not ac
hi
eve h
i
gh perfo
rma
n
ce g
a
in, wh
erea
s DF de
code
s
the in
comin
g
sig
nal, re-e
nco
d
e
s
it, a
nd the
n
retransmit
s
it to
the d
e
stin
ation. Althoug
h
the
compl
e
xity of
DF is high b
u
t
can obtain h
i
gh perfo
rma
n
ce gai
n [1].
So we have u
s
ed DF to sh
ow
the perfo
rma
n
ce of ou
r propo
sed
syste
m
.
On the other
hand, multipl
e
transmit an
d/or
re
ceive
antenn
as p
r
o
m
ise
s
very hi
gh data
rates on
a
scattering
-ri
ch wi
rele
ss
chann
el,
e
s
pe
cially when
prop
agatio
n environ
ment
or
cha
nnel i
s
kn
own at the re
ceiver. T
w
o t
y
pes of
tran
smissi
on te
ch
nique
s are u
s
ed in the MI
MO
system.
One is transmit
diversity in whi
c
h di
fferent du
plicat
e
s
of th
e
sa
me tra
n
smi
s
sion
seq
uen
ce a
r
e tran
smitted
throug
h different tran
smi
s
sion a
n
tenn
a
s
. One of the
typical tran
smit
diversity te
ch
nique i
s
S
p
a
c
e Ti
me Blo
c
k
Codin
g
(STBC) [2
-6]. T
he oth
e
r
one
is tran
smitting
multiplexing
in which diff
erent
tran
sm
issi
on
se
que
nce
s
are
transmitted
th
roug
h diffe
re
nt
transmissio
n
antenn
as. T
h
e typical
tran
smitting m
u
ltiplexing te
ch
n
i
que i
s
Bell
Lab
s L
a
yere
d
Space
-
Tim
e
(BLAST) [7, 8
]. In this
pap
er
we
have
u
s
ed
VBLAST
to
sho
w
th
e
perfo
rman
ce
of
our sy
stem. In VBLAST, In
depe
ndent da
ta stream
s sh
aring b
o
th fre
quen
cy band
s and time sl
ots
are tran
smitted from m
u
ltiple ante
nna
s and join
tly d
e
tected
at the re
ceive
r
. It has
bee
n sh
own
that the theo
retical
capa
ci
ty
approxima
t
ely increa
se
s line
a
rly a
s
the nu
mbe
r
of anten
na
s is
increa
sed.
Relay a
s
sist
ed wi
rel
e
ss
comm
uni
cati
on ha
s
bee
n
widely
studi
ed u
s
ing
Sp
ace
Time
Block Codin
g
(STBC) [9
-1
3]. We
also
publi
s
hed
se
veral p
ape
rs on
relay
assiste
d
wirel
e
ss
comm
uni
cati
on u
s
in
g STB
C
[14
-
18].
But relay
a
ssi
sted wi
rele
ss
communi
catio
n
u
s
ing
VBLAST
has not
bee
n stu
d
ied
mu
ch.
Refe
ren
c
e [19,
20]
in
vestigated
th
e relay a
s
sisted sy
stem
wit
h
imperfe
ct
ch
annel
state
i
n
formatio
n (CSI) u
s
in
g V
B
LAST. In this
pap
er,
we inve
stigate
the
perfo
rman
ce
of relay assiste
d
wirele
ss
comm
uni
cation wh
ere
sou
r
ce is eq
uippe
d with two
transmit ante
nna
s, relay is equipp
ed wit
h
multiple
tra
n
smit an
d multiple re
ceiv
e antenn
as a
n
d
destin
a
tion is
equip
ped wit
h
multiple re
ceive antenn
a
s
with pe
rfect
CSI using V
B
LAST.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 8, August 2014: 625
9 –
6266
6260
Figure 1. System Block Di
agra
m
2. Sy
stem Model
It is con
s
id
ered that the
source i
s
eq
ui
pped
with
n
transmitte a
n
te
nna
s an
d rel
a
y is
equip
ped wit
h
n
transmit a
nd
n
receive antenna
s and
destin
a
tion (b
ase statio
n) i
s
also
equip
ped with
n
receiving
antenna
s a
s
sho
w
n in Fi
g
u
re 1. Th
e an
tenna
s at ea
ch termin
al
are
sufficie
n
tly spa
c
ed
su
ch that the lin
ks
betw
een t
he tran
smit a
nd re
ceive
a
n
tenna
pairs
are
uncorrlated.
The e
n
codin
g
and
de
cod
i
ng techniq
u
e
s of th
e sy
stem a
r
e
discu
s
sed in
de
tail
belo
w
:
2.1. Encoding at Source
using VBL
A
ST
Data are modulated by a QPSK or 16 QAM
or 64
QAM modulator and the
modulated
symbol
s are demultiplexe
d
into
n
separate stream
s, usin
g a seri
al
-to-p
a
rall
el co
nverter, an
d
each stream i
s
tra
n
smitted
from an i
nde
pend
ent tran
smit anten
na.
Suppo
se
sig
nals
i
s
,
=1,
2
,
...
are transmitted simultaneo
usly usi
ng
n
transmit
antenn
as. It is con
s
id
er th
at number of
transmit antenna
s at source is two,i.e.
n
2
; becau
se i
t
is not possi
ble to deploy
large
numbe
r of
a
n
tenna
s onto
a small mo
bile
h
and
se
t due
to
size, co
mplexity, power
or oth
e
r
con
s
trai
nts. T
he tran
smi
s
si
on sequ
en
ce
s of two
t
r
an
smit anten
na
s of ea
ch
user a
r
e
sho
w
n
in
Table 1.
Table 1. The
Tran
smi
ssi
on
Sequen
ce fo
r Two T
r
an
smissi
on Ante
nna
s usi
ng VBLAST of User’s
Han
d
s
e
t
Antenna-I/L
a
y
e
r
-
I
Antenna-II/L
a
y
e
r
-II
s
1
s
2
s
3
s
4
2.2. Receiv
e
d Signal at Rela
y
:
The sig
nal re
ceived at ant
enna
j
of relay can b
e
writte
n as:
j
n
i
i
j
i
SR
j
i
SR
j
s
P
y
1
,
,
(
1
)
Whe
r
e
SR
j
y
is
the
n
1
dimention
complex vecto
r
of received
symbol
s.
SR
j
i
p
,
is path loss from tran
smit antenn
a
of s
ource to receive antenna
of relay and
2
1
,
SR
SR
d
p
j
i
.
j
i
,
is
the
n
n
dimen
s
ion cha
nnel matrix.
i
s
is the
n
1
dimensi
on
co
mplex vecto
r
of
tran
smitted sub-strea
m
s, ea
ch
assume
d to have zero-m
ea
n, unco
r
relate
d rand
om vari
able
s
with variance equ
al to
2
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Perform
a
n
c
e
Rela
y Assiste
d
Wirel
e
ss Com
m
unication Usi
ng VBL
AST (M.M. Kam
r
uzzam
an)
6261
j
is is the
n
1
dimention compl
e
x vector re
p
r
esenting the
additive re
cei
v
er noise,
assume
d to have zero-m
ea
n, unco
r
relatd
rando
m varia
b
les
with vari
ance
2
n
.
if
j
i
SR
j
i
i
p
H
,
,
, then (1)
ca
n be rewrite
as:
j
n
i
i
i
SR
j
s
H
y
1
(
2
)
The
re
ceiver
can
be
config
ured
with
different
types of
dete
c
tion te
chniqu
es such
as ZF,
MMSE and
ML for VBLA
S
T. In ZF techniqu
e, ea
ch
sub
-
strea
m
i
n
turn i
s
con
s
ide
r
ed to
be
the
desi
r
ed
si
gna
l and t
he
re
maining
data
stre
am
s a
r
e
co
nsi
dered
as
“inte
r
fere
rs”.
Nullin
g of
the
interferers is
perfo
rmed by
linearly
wei
g
hting the re
ce
ived signal
s so
that all interfering te
rms a
r
e
can
c
ell
ed. Main step
s of Z
F
are a
s
follo
ws [21]:
2.2.1. ZF
Step 1: Orde
ring - The p
u
rpose of the orde
ring
i
s
to decid
e whi
c
h t
r
an
smitted sy
mbol to
detect at each stage of the
decodi
ng.
Th
e symbol
s with highe
st SNR are sele
cte
d
first and the
n
sele
ct the sy
mbols in the
orde
r of de
creasi
ng SNR.
Step 2: Interf
eren
ce
cance
llation - T
he
g
oal of
the i
n
te
rfere
n
ce can
c
elation i
s
to remove
the interferen
ce from the a
l
ready dete
c
t
ed
symbol
s. i.e. subtra
ct the dete
c
ted symbol
s
ˆ
from the
received vect
or
y
.
Con
s
id
er At stage
l
of the algorithm,
whe
n
l
s
is b
e
ing d
e
tected, sym
b
ols
1
s
,
2
s
,…,
1
l
s
have be
en al
ready dete
c
te
d. Let us
assume a
per
fe
ct
decode
r, that
is the d
e
cod
ed symb
ols
1
ˆ
s
,
2
ˆ
s
,…,
1
ˆ
l
s
are the sa
me as the tra
n
smitted sym
bols
1
s
,
2
s
,…,
1
l
s
. One can
subtract
1
1
l
i
i
i
s
from
the received vector
y
to derive an equati
on that relate
s rem
a
ining
undete
c
ted symbols to the
received vect
or, i.e,
L
l
i
i
i
l
i
i
i
l
H
s
H
s
y
y
1
1
,
.
1
,...,
3
,
2
L
l
(
3
)
In fact, by using indu
ction i
n
addition to the co
nventio
n
,
y
y
l
one can sh
ow that:
,
1
l
l
l
l
H
s
y
y
.
2
,...,
2
,
1
L
n
(
4
)
Therefore, at
the
th
l
stage
of
the al
gorith
m
after
dete
c
ting th
e
th
l
symbol a
s
l
s
ˆ
, its effec
t
is
can
c
el
ed fro
m
the equatio
n by:
l
l
l
l
H
s
y
y
ˆ
1
(
5
)
Step 3: Interferen
ce
Nulli
n
g
- Interfe
r
en
ce
Nulling i
s
t
he process of
detectin
g
l
s
from
l
y
by first remo
ving the effe
cts of
und
ete
c
t
ed
symbol
s. Basically, in this
step t
he
th
l
symbol i
s
detecte
d by nulling the inte
rf
ere
n
ce ca
used by symbol
s
1
l
s
,
2
l
s
,…,
L
s
.
So, we would
like to
sep
a
rate the
l
l
H
s
from
l
y
.
This can be done
th
rou
g
h
multiplying
l
y
by an
1
m
vec
t
or
l
W
that is o
r
th
ogon
al to int
e
rferen
ce ve
ctors
1
l
H
,
2
l
H
,…,
L
H
bu
t not
orthog
onal to
l
H
. In other words
,
l
W
sh
ould b
e
such that:
,
0
l
i
W
H
,
,...,
2
,
1
L
l
l
i
(
6
)
.
1
l
l
W
H
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 8, August 2014: 625
9 –
6266
6262
In fac
t,
l
W
is
call
ed the
zero-f
orci
ng
nullin
g
vecto
r
with
minimum
no
rm. Such
a
ce
vtor is
uniqu
ely calculated f
r
om t
he
cha
nnel
matrix
H
. To calcul
ate
l
W
from
H
, for
,
n
m
firs
t we
sho
u
ld repl
ace
the ro
ws
1
,...,
2
,
1
l
of
H
by zero.
Let
us
den
ote the
re
sulting
mat
r
ix by
Z
. Then,
l
W
is the
th
l
col
u
m
n
of
,
Z
the Moore
-
Pen
r
o
s
e
gene
rali
zed i
n
verse, pseu
do-inve
rse, o
f
Z
.
Usi
ng the error free d
e
tecti
on formul
a for
l
y
in (3)
and
l
W
in (6), we have:
l
l
l
l
W
s
W
y
.
.
(
7
)
The noi
se in (7) is
still Gaussi
an and the symbols
l
s
can
be ea
sily decoded.
Step 4: Sli
c
in
g - Ma
kin
g
a
symb
ol d
e
ci
sion. i.e.
l
s
can
b
e
sliced
to
the
nea
re
st
QAM
con
s
tellatio
n
point,
these sliced sign
als are
de
noted by
s
ˆ
. The deco
ded sym
bol
l
s
ˆ
is the closest
c
o
ns
tellation point to
l
l
W
y
.
.
Step 5: Iteration - Goin
g to the first step t
o
detect the n
e
xt symbol
2.2.2. ML
ML is a m
e
th
od that co
mp
are
s
the rece
ived sign
al wi
th all possibl
e tran
smitted
sign
als
and estimate
s
s
according
to the m
a
xim
u
m Li
kelih
oo
d pri
n
ci
ple. S
uppo
se
a m
a
trix
C
gives all
possibilities i
n
s
that could
occur (th
e
dimen
s
ion
s
of
C
are
K
n
w
her
e
n
M
K
and
M
rep
r
e
s
ent
s th
e numb
e
r
of con
s
tellatio
n
points)
Th
en,
the
re
ceive
r
sho
u
ld store
a
matrix
Z
such
that:
]
...
[
.
1
k
z
z
C
H
Z
(
8
)
At the re
ceiv
er, the m
o
st l
i
kely tra
n
smit
t
ed sig
nal i
s
determi
ned,
as the
on
e fo
r which
2
j
z
y
is minimal
(with
k
j
1
, i.e.,
the signal
j
s
that correspon
ds
wit
h
the vector
j
z
whi
c
h
lays cl
osed to
he re
ceive
d
vector i
s
said
to
be the mo
st likely
signa
l to be tran
smitted. Thus
s
ˆ
is
cho
s
e
n
to be
the
th
j
colu
mn of
C
.This can
be re
written to the followi
ng form
ula where
ml
s
rep
r
e
s
ent
s the maximum likelih
ood det
e
c
tion of the transmitted
sig
nal
s
:
2
...
1
min
arg
ˆ
j
s
s
s
ml
Hs
y
s
s
k
j
(
9
)
Note that i
n
the case of
ML, it is n
o
t requi
re
d that
m
n
. The d
e
tect
ed sym
bol
s
are
demod
ulated
by 64QAM de
modulato
r
an
d se
n
d
to turb
o decode
r to get the output
.
2.3. Re-e
nco
d
ing at Rela
y
Using Turb
o
-VBL
AST:
The dete
c
ted
symbol
s at relay are d
e
n
o
ted by
i
s
ˆ
. VBLAST enco
der of relay en
code
s
the deco
ded
symbols a
c
cording to th
e Table 2, 3 and 4 for two, three a
n
d
four tran
smit
antenn
as respectively and
then tran
smitted si
multa
n
e
ously u
s
ing n
transmit ante
nna
s.
Table 2. The
Tran
smi
ssi
on
Sequen
ce fo
r Two T
r
an
smissi
on Ante
nna
s of Relay
using VBLA
S
T
Antenna-I / L
a
y
e
r
-I
Antenna-II / L
a
y
e
r-II
1
ˆ
s
2
ˆ
s
3
ˆ
s
4
ˆ
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Perform
a
n
c
e
Rela
y Assiste
d
Wirel
e
ss Com
m
unication Usi
ng VBL
AST (M.M. Kam
r
uzzam
an)
6263
Table 3. The
Tran
smi
ssi
on
Sequen
ce fo
r Thr
ee Tran
smissi
on Ante
nna
s of Relay
using VBLA
S
T
Antenna-I / L
a
y
e
r
-I
Antenna-II / L
a
y
e
r-II
Antenna-III /
La
yer-IIII
1
ˆ
s
2
ˆ
s
3
ˆ
s
4
ˆ
s
5
ˆ
s
5
ˆ
s
6
ˆ
s
7
ˆ
s
8
ˆ
s
Table 4. The
Tran
smi
ssi
on
Sequen
ce fo
r Fou
r
Tra
n
smissi
on Ante
nna
s of Relay
using VBLA
S
T
Antenna-I/ L
a
y
e
r
-I
Antenna-II/ L
a
y
e
r
-II
Antenna-III/ L
a
y
e
r-III
Antenna-IV/ La
yer-IV
1
ˆ
s
2
ˆ
s
3
ˆ
s
4
ˆ
s
5
ˆ
s
5
ˆ
s
6
ˆ
s
7
ˆ
s
8
ˆ
s
9
ˆ
s
9
ˆ
s
10
ˆ
s
11
ˆ
s
12
ˆ
s
13
ˆ
s
14
ˆ
s
3.5. Receiv
e
d Signal and Decoding a
t
Destin
ation
:
The re
ceive
d
sign
al at ante
nna
j
of destin
a
tion ca
n be repre
s
e
n
ted a
s
:
j
n
i
j
i
RD
j
i
RD
j
i
s
a
P
y
1
,
,
ˆ
(10
)
whe
r
e
RD
j
y
is the receive
d
sy
mbols at de
st
ination.
RD
i
p
is path lo
ss from tran
smit a
n
tenna i of rel
a
y to receive
antenna a
n
d
2
,
1
RD
j
i
d
d
s
d
j
i
a
,
,
is
the c
h
annel from relay t
o
des
tination.
i
s
ˆ
is the tran
sm
itted informati
on from relay.
j
is the noi
se o
f
receive
r
of destinatio
n.
If,
j
i
RD
j
i
i
a
P
A
,
,
, then (10)
can b
e
rewrit
e as:
j
n
i
i
RD
j
i
s
A
y
1
ˆ
(
1
1
)
The received
symbol
s at
destin
a
tion a
r
e det
e
c
ted
by ZF or ML
as me
ntione
d in the
se
ction 2.2.1
and 2.2.2.
Figure 2. Direct Lin
k
and
Via Relay Lin
k
Direct Link
Sour
ce
Destination
d
Via Rela
y
Link
Rela
y
Sour
ce
Destination
0.
5
0.
5
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 8, August 2014: 625
9 –
6266
6264
3. BER Perfo
r
mance Ev
aluation
In this sectio
n, co
mpute
r
simulatio
n
i
s
carrie
d o
u
t to
sh
ow the
BER p
e
rfo
r
ma
nce of th
e
prop
osed sy
stem. The results are eval
uated for
several combin
ations of Tx and Rx antenn
a
s
with an
d with
out relay. 64
QAM is u
s
e
d
for sim
u
lation
. It is con
s
ide
r
ed that
relay
is pla
c
e
d
at the
middle
of sou
r
ce and de
stination.
We
u
s
ed
t
w
o
term
s in Fig
u
re
3
to Figure 7: Dire
ct Lin
k
(DL
)
and Via Rela
y Link (V
RL).
DL mean
s t
hat inform
atio
n pass fro
m
sou
r
ce to de
stination
with
out
relay. O
n
the
othe
r h
and,
VRL m
ean
s t
hat info
rmatio
n pa
ss from
sou
r
ce to
rel
a
y and
then
f
r
o
m
relay to desti
nation a
s
sh
o
w
n in Figu
re
2.
Figure 3. BER Perfo
r
man
c
e Compa
r
i
s
i
on for Di
re
ct Line with 2Tx
& 2Rx and Via Relay Lin
k
with 2Tx & 2Rx
Figure 4. BER Perfo
r
man
c
e Compa
r
i
s
i
on for
Dire
ct Line
wi
th 2Tx & 3Rx
and Via Rela
y Link
with 2Tx & 3Rx
Figure 5. BER Perfo
r
man
c
e Compa
r
i
s
i
on for
Dire
ct Line
wi
th 2Tx & 4Rx
and Via Rela
y Link
with 2Tx & 4Rx
Figure 3
sho
w
s th
e pe
rformance of
DL
and VR
L whe
r
e
sou
r
ce ha
s 2 Tx, relay h
a
s 2
Tx
and 2
Rx an
d
destin
a
tion h
a
s 2
Rx. it is
observed
th
at
VRL p
r
ovide
s
9 dB
co
ding
gain
com
pared
to DL at
10
.
Figure 4
sho
w
s th
e pe
rformance of
DL
and VR
L whe
r
e
sou
r
ce ha
s 2 Tx, relay h
a
s 2
Tx
and 3
Rx a
n
d
de
stination
has
3
Rx. it is ob
se
rve
d
that
VRL
provide
s
11 dB
co
ding g
a
in
comp
ared to DL at
10
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Perform
a
n
c
e
Rela
y Assiste
d
Wirel
e
ss Com
m
unication Usi
ng VBL
AST (M.M. Kam
r
uzzam
an)
6265
Figure 5
sho
w
s th
e pe
rformance of
DL
and VR
L whe
r
e
sou
r
ce ha
s 2 Tx, relay h
a
s 2
Tx
and 4 Rx a
nd de
stinatio
n has 4
Rx. it is obse
r
ved
that VRL
provide
s
11
dB codin
g
g
a
in
comp
ared to DL at
10
. And there a
r
e a
r
o
und 6dB gain
s
for increa
si
ng Rx antenn
as of rela
y
from 3 to 4.
Figure 6. BER Perfo
r
man
c
e Compa
r
i
s
i
on for Di
re
ct Line with 2Tx
& 5Rx and Via Relay Lin
k
with
2Tx & 5Rx
Figure 6
sho
w
s th
e pe
rformance of
DL
and VR
L whe
r
e
sou
r
ce ha
s 1 Tx, relay h
a
s 2
Tx
and 5
Rx and
destinatio
n h
a
s 2
Rx. it is observed
th
at VRL 11 dB coding g
a
in co
mpared to DL
at
10
. There a
r
e
aro
und
11dB
gain
s
for increasi
ng
Rx
ant
enna
s of
rela
y from 3 to
5. And there
are a
r
ou
nd 6
d
B gains fo
r increa
sing
Rx antenn
as of relay from 4 to 5.
Figure 7
sho
w
s th
e pe
rformance of
DL
and VR
L whe
r
e
sou
r
ce ha
s 2 Tx, relay h
a
s 2
Tx
and 6
Rx an
d de
stination
has
6 Rx. it
is ob
se
rved
t
hat via rel
a
y link p
r
ovide
s
11.5 dB
codi
ng
gain com
p
a
r
e
d
to direct link at
10
. There are aro
und 7d
B gains for in
cre
a
si
ng Rx antenn
as of
relay from 4 t
o
6. And there are a
r
ou
nd
3 dB gains fo
r increa
sin
g
Rx antenn
as
Figure 7. BER Perfo
r
man
c
e Compa
r
i
s
i
on for Di
re
ct Line with 2Tx
& 6Rx and Via Relay Lin
k
with
2Tx & 6Rx
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 8, August 2014: 625
9 –
6266
6266
4. Conclusio
n
From th
e si
m
u
lation
s re
sul
t
s, it is ob
se
rved
that rel
a
y assiste
d
wi
reless
comm
u
n
icatio
n
usin
g VBLAST makes
a si
gnifica
nt differen
c
e ove
r
di
rect
wirele
ss
comm
uni
cati
on. It is po
ssi
ble
to get 9 to 11
.5dB gain by placi
ng relay
betwe
en so
urce and d
e
stin
ation.
And there are aro
u
n
d
3dB to 1
1dB
gain
s
for in
creasi
ng
numb
e
r of
re
ce
ivin
g ante
nna
s
o
f
relay a
nd
d
e
stinatio
n fro
m
2
to 3/4/5/6.
Ackn
o
w
l
e
dg
ements
The a
u
thors
woul
d like to than
k the
revi
ewe
r
s
f
o
r the
sug
g
e
s
tion
s
whi
c
h h
e
lp to
improve
the quality of this pa
per. In
addition, the
authors a
r
e al
so very tha
n
kful to Key Lab of Informati
o
n
Codi
ng & T
r
a
n
smi
ssi
on, S
outhwest
Jia
o
tong
Univer
sity, Chen
gd
u, Sichua
n, China for providing
r
e
sour
ces
.
Referen
ces
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Peter Ho
ng, W
an-Je
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a
y
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uo. Co
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orki
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an
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ime Bloc
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