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c
h i
s
s
c
a
l
e
d
b
e
f
or
e
p
a
s
t
i
ng t
o
s
o
m
e
o
t
he
r
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
i
n t
ha
t
i
m
a
ge
.
A
no
ve
l
m
e
t
hod o
f
t
he
J
P
E
G
G
h
o
s
t
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
m
e
t
ho
d
w
a
s
us
e
d
to
m
ak
e j
u
d
g
m
en
t
w
h
et
h
er
i
t
i
s
o
r
i
g
i
n
al
o
r
t
am
p
e
r
e
d
[
5
]
.
I
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
f
o
r
m
at
b
as
ed
i
m
ag
e f
o
r
en
s
i
c a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
.
E
xt
r
a
c
t
i
ng
a
f
i
nge
r
pr
i
nt
o
f
di
gi
t
a
l
c
a
m
e
r
a
c
a
n b
e
p
e
r
f
or
m
e
d
b
y
p
i
xe
l
t
o
p
i
xe
l
,
n
o
n
-
uni
f
o
r
m
i
t
y
,
s
i
nc
e
e
ve
r
y
p
i
c
t
ur
e
ha
s
a
n
o
ve
r
l
a
i
d w
e
a
k
-
n
oi
s
e
.
K
n
ow
i
n
g
t
h
e v
al
u
e
o
f
d
i
g
i
t
al
cam
er
a w
e can
i
d
en
t
i
f
y
w
h
et
h
er
i
t
i
s
s
o
u
r
c
e
c
a
m
e
r
a
.
P
hot
o R
e
s
p
o
ns
e
N
o
n
U
ni
f
o
r
m
i
t
y
(
P
R
N
U
)
[
6]
p
l
unk a
s
a
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
t
e
c
hni
q
ue
i
n f
i
nge
r
pr
i
nt
e
xt
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
d
ig
it
a
l c
a
m
e
r
a
.
I
t
is
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
to
f
in
d
o
u
t th
e
lim
it o
f
c
a
p
a
b
i
li
ty
o
f
f
o
r
e
n
s
ic
b
y
us
i
ng a
n i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n t
he
o
r
e
t
i
c
al
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k.
F
or
e
ns
i
c
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
[
7
]
is
u
s
e
d
t
o
c
o
ll
e
c
t
th
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
th
a
t
c
a
n
b
e
o
b
t
a
in
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
a
c
t
i
o
n b
y
p
e
r
f
or
m
i
ng
s
o
m
e
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n.
T
he
m
ut
ua
l
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
o
bt
a
i
n
e
d
ha
vi
ng
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
i
t
y
i
n
t
he
i
r
c
o
nc
e
pt
s
s
uc
h a
s
f
eat
u
r
es
an
d
o
p
e
r
at
i
o
n
s
[
2
]
.
B
y
us
i
ng M
ut
ua
l
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n t
he
f
o
r
e
ns
i
c
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
i
s
m
e
a
s
ur
e
d.
T
he
r
e
s
ul
t
i
s
us
e
d t
o
f
i
nd
o
ut
t
he
E
r
r
or
P
r
oba
bi
l
i
t
y
r
a
t
e
.
I
n i
m
a
ge
pr
oc
e
s
s
i
ng,
t
he
uni
t
s
i
nhe
r
i
t
t
he
i
m
a
ge
s
i
n
r
a
s
t
e
r
bi
t
m
a
p
[
8]
.
I
n
t
hi
s
p
a
pe
r
a
n e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nt
m
e
t
h
od
i
s
us
e
d
t
o
i
d
e
nt
i
f
y
t
he
p
r
e
vi
o
us
J
P
E
G
c
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
ns
.
A
no
ve
l
t
e
c
hni
q
ue
i
s
us
e
d
t
o f
i
nd
o
ut
t
a
m
p
e
r
d
et
ec
t
i
o
n
an
d
t
am
p
er
l
o
c
al
i
zat
i
o
n
[
1
]
.
I
m
ag
e h
as
h
i
n
g
al
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
w
as
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e t
am
p
er
i
n
g
w
as
i
d
en
t
i
f
i
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
s
m
a
l
l
r
e
gi
o
ns
,
c
or
ne
r
s
,
a
n e
xa
c
t
l
oc
a
t
i
o
n o
f
t
he
t
a
m
pe
r
e
d i
m
a
g
e
ba
s
e
d on
t
h
i
s
t
h
e
a
l
g
or
i
t
hm
i
s
a
ppl
i
e
d u
s
i
n
g
r
i
ng p
a
r
t
i
t
i
o
n
,
N
o
n N
e
ga
t
i
ve
M
a
t
r
i
x
F
a
c
t
or
i
z
a
t
i
o
n (
N
M
F
)
.
T
h
e
p
a
r
t
i
c
ul
a
r
t
a
m
p
e
r
e
d
r
e
gi
on
i
s
d
e
t
e
c
t
e
d
us
i
ng
I
m
a
ge
H
a
s
h A
l
gor
i
t
hm
.
T
h
e v
ar
i
at
i
o
n
o
f
J
P
E
G
ex
p
l
o
i
t
at
i
o
n
i
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
i
m
ag
e au
t
h
en
t
i
cat
i
o
n
.
F
r
o
m
a J
P
E
G
i
m
ag
e a cam
er
a
s
i
gna
t
ur
e
i
s
e
xt
r
a
c
t
e
d
a
nd
i
t
c
o
nt
a
i
ns
t
he
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
o
n a
bo
ut
q
ua
nt
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
t
a
b
l
e
s
,
H
uf
f
m
a
n
c
od
e
s
,
t
hum
b
na
i
l
s
et
c [
8
]
.
7
7
3
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
t
cam
er
as
an
d
c
el
l
p
h
o
n
es
w
er
e
u
s
e
d
a
cr
o
s
s
1
.
3
m
i
l
l
i
o
n
i
m
ag
es
.
6
2
%
s
i
g
n
at
u
r
e o
f
an
i
m
ag
e
i
s
uni
q
u
e b
y
t
h
e s
i
n
g
l
e cam
er
a
an
d
8
0
%
w
as
s
h
ar
ed
b
y
t
h
r
ee
o
r
m
o
r
e cam
er
as
.
T
h
e p
er
ce
p
t
u
al
i
m
ag
e h
as
h
i
n
g
m
ap
s
an
i
m
ag
e ap
p
ea
r
e
d
t
o
a h
u
m
an
e
y
e t
o
a f
i
x
ed
l
en
g
t
h
s
t
r
i
n
g
.
I
t
s
a
p
p
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
ar
e i
m
ag
e i
n
d
ex
i
n
g
,
a
ut
he
nt
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
nd w
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
ki
ng [
1
0]
.
I
n t
hi
s
pa
pe
r
a
ge
n
er
al
f
r
am
e
w
o
r
k
i
s
u
s
ed
b
y
f
eat
u
r
e
p
o
i
n
t
s
w
h
i
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
la
r
g
e
ly
in
v
a
r
i
a
n
t u
n
d
e
r
d
is
to
r
ti
o
n
.
A
n
ite
r
a
tiv
e
f
e
a
tu
r
e
d
e
t
e
c
to
r
is
u
s
e
d
to
s
a
tis
f
y
th
is
p
r
o
p
e
r
ty
.
I
n
d
i
g
i
t
al
i
m
ag
e f
o
r
en
s
i
c t
h
e
J
P
E
G
[
8
]
p
l
ay
s
a v
i
t
al
r
o
l
e
.
T
h
e s
t
u
d
y
o
f
an
i
m
ag
e f
o
r
en
s
i
c
i
s
t
e
r
m
ed
a
s
J
P
E
G
e
r
ro
r
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
.
T
he
m
a
i
n e
r
r
o
r
s
i
nc
l
ud
e
q
ua
nt
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
,
r
o
undi
ng a
nd
t
r
unc
a
t
i
o
n i
s
ob
t
a
i
ne
d
i
n
J
P
E
G
.
S
i
ngl
e
or
d
o
u
b
l
e
co
m
p
r
es
s
i
o
n
o
f
an
i
m
ag
e i
s
t
h
e
o
r
et
i
cal
l
y
an
al
y
zed
.
3
.
S
Y
S
TEM
D
ES
I
G
N
F
o
r
e
n
s
ic
D
a
ta
A
n
a
ly
s
is
is
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
D
ig
ita
l F
o
r
e
n
s
i
c
.
I
t
h
el
p
s
t
o
c
r
e
at
e t
am
p
er
e
d
i
m
ag
e
w
h
i
ch
i
s
s
t
o
r
e
d
i
n
a s
t
r
u
ct
u
r
e
d
d
at
a
b
as
e
an
d
t
o
ex
am
i
n
e t
h
e f
r
au
d
u
l
en
t
act
i
v
i
t
i
es
.
D
i
g
i
t
al
C
am
er
a c
a
p
t
u
r
es
t
h
e i
m
ag
e o
f
an
o
b
j
e
ct
.
P
i
x
e
l
an
al
y
s
i
s
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e c
al
cu
l
at
es
t
h
e v
al
u
e
o
f
t
h
e t
w
o
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
t
i
m
ag
es
s
t
o
r
e
d
i
n
d
at
a
b
as
e.
O
r
t
h
o
g
o
n
a
l
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
at
i
o
n
w
a
s
car
r
i
ed
o
u
t
b
et
w
een
t
h
es
e
i
m
ag
es
.
D
i
g
i
t
al
v
al
u
e
i
s
cal
cu
l
at
e
d
an
d
c
r
ea
t
es
a
h
i
s
t
o
g
r
am
t
o
ex
am
i
n
e t
h
e
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
c
e
b
e
t
w
een
t
h
es
e
i
m
ag
es
,
s
ho
w
i
n F
i
gur
e
1.
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
S
y
s
te
m
D
e
s
ig
n
3.
1
P
ix
e
l A
n
a
ly
s
is
T
h
e p
i
x
el
i
s
a b
as
i
c u
n
i
t
i
n
a c
o
m
p
u
t
er
d
i
s
p
l
a
y
o
r
an
i
m
ag
e.
I
t
t
ak
es
as
a l
o
g
i
cal
u
n
i
t
r
at
h
er
t
h
an
as
a
p
h
y
s
i
cal
u
n
i
t
.
A
p
i
x
el
i
s
a s
a
m
p
l
e o
f
an
i
m
a
g
e
m
o
r
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
ar
e g
r
o
u
p
ed
t
o
g
et
h
er
t
o
p
r
o
d
u
ce a d
i
g
i
t
al
i
m
a
g
e.
T
h
is
to
o
l h
e
lp
s
u
s
to
d
r
a
g
a
s
p
a
tia
l p
o
s
it
io
n
a
t a
p
a
r
tic
u
la
r
p
o
in
t.
I
n
th
is
te
c
h
n
iq
u
e
C
o
lo
r
B
a
s
e
d
S
e
g
m
e
n
ta
tio
n
us
i
n
g
K
-
M
ean
s
C
l
u
s
t
er
i
n
g
[
1
3
]
m
e
t
h
o
d
i
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
.
R
ea
d
s
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
at
ab
a
s
e
an
d
co
n
v
er
t
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
f
r
o
m
R
G
B
c
o
lo
r
to
S
p
a
c
e
p
o
r
tio
n
u
s
in
g
C
I
E
L
A
B
.
W
h
ic
h
h
e
lp
u
s
to
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
tia
t
e
p
i
xe
l
b
a
s
e
d
o
n t
he
co
l
o
r
an
d
p
a
r
t
i
t
i
o
n
i
t
.
O
b
j
ect
i
n
t
h
e cl
u
s
t
er
w
as
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
t
o
g
r
o
u
p
t
h
e p
i
x
el
.
B
l
u
e N
u
cl
e
i
ar
e t
h
e L
v
al
u
e i
n
C
I
E
L
A
B
w
hi
c
h
s
e
gm
e
n
t
t
h
e
pi
x
e
l
c
ol
or
a
s
l
i
g
h
t
bl
u
e
a
n
d da
r
k
bl
u
e
.
A
a
n
d B
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
t
h
e
c
ol
or
c
om
pon
e
nt
t
o
s
eg
m
en
t
t
h
e i
m
a
g
es
.
V
ar
i
o
u
s
co
l
o
r
s
ar
e t
r
ack
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e i
m
ag
e a
n
d
g
r
o
u
p
ed
t
o
g
et
h
er
.
Im
a
g
e
(
C
a
p
t
u
r
i
n
g
)
P
i
x
el
A
n
a
ly
s
is
P
r
in
c
ip
a
l
C
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I
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I
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I
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2 L
i
gh
t
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m
i
t
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(
L
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D
)
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d
u
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ce l
i
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t
w
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en
E
l
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r
i
c cu
r
r
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t
p
as
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e
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t
h
r
o
u
g
h
i
t
.
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ar
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s
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ap
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a
da
pt
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s
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t
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d
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s
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r
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S
232,
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S
485,
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S
422 or
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423 a
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al
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I
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[
1]
A
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s
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[
2]
C
AI
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