Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
1
3
,
N
o.
2
,
Febr
uar
y
201
9
, pp.
8
0
8
~
8
17
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
3
.i
2
.pp
8
0
8
-
8
17
808
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Stu
dy of
CMOS
p
ower am
pli
fier
d
esig
n
tec
hn
iqu
es
for
ka
-
band
app
lications
A.
F
H
as
an
1
, S.A. Z
M
ur
ad
2
,
K.N
Ab
d
ul R
an
i
3
, F
.A. B
akar
4
, T.Z
.A Z
ul
kifli
5
1
School
of
Mi
cr
oel
e
ct
roni
c Engi
nee
ring
,
Univ
ersit
i
M
al
a
y
si
a
Per
l
is,
Kam
pusP
auh P
utra
,
Per
li
s,
Ma
lay
s
ia
1,2,3,4
Depa
rtment
of
Elec
tron
ic E
n
gine
er
ing, Fac
ul
t
y
of
Eng
ineeri
ng
Technol
og
y
,
Un
ive
rsiti Mal
a
y
s
ia Perl
is,
Kam
pusU
nic
it
iAla
m
,
Mal
a
y
s
ia
5
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
and
E
le
c
troni
c
Eng
ineeri
ng
Dep
art
m
en
t,
Univ
ersit
i
Te
k
nologi
Pet
rona
s,
Pera
k,
M
al
a
y
si
a
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Oct
14
, 201
8
Re
vised
Dec
15
, 2
018
Accepte
d
Dec
29
, 201
8
Thi
s
pape
r
r
eviews
of
high
eff
ic
i
ency
CMO
S
power
amplifi
er
s
(PAs)
in
m
il
li
m
et
er
(m
m
)
wave
Ka
-
Band
appl
icati
ons.
The
stud
y
is
foc
used
on
the
cha
l
le
nges
in
de
signing
PA
espe
ci
a
lly
in
GH
z
fre
quencie
s
inc
lus
ive
of
high
gai
n,
good
input
and
output
m
atching,
e
ffi
ci
en
c
y,
li
n
ea
ri
t
y
,
low
group
de
l
a
y
and
low
power
consum
pti
on.
Sever
al
works
on
C
MO
S
PA
from
y
ea
r
2009
to
2018
are
d
iscussed
in
th
is
paper.
Re
ce
nt
devel
opm
ent
s
of
CMO
S
PAs
are
exa
m
ine
d
and
a
compari
son
of
th
e
per
form
ance
cr
it
eria
of
v
ari
ous
te
chn
ique
s
is
pre
sent
ed.
Ke
yw
or
ds:
5G
CM
OS
power
a
m
plifie
r
Ka
-
ba
nd
Mi
ll
i
m
et
er w
ave
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Sohif
ul An
uar
Zai
no
l M
ur
a
d
,
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f El
ect
ro
nic
Eng
ineerin
g,
Faculty
of E
ngineerin
g
T
ech
nolo
gy, Uni
ver
s
it
i M
al
ay
s
ia
Per
li
s,
Kam
pu
sU
nicit
iAla
m
, S
g.
C
huchuh, Pa
dang B
esar,
Ma
la
ysi
a.
Em
a
il
:
so
hifu
l
@unim
ap.
edu.
m
y
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Re
search
on
fi
fth
ge
ner
at
io
n
(5G)
wi
reless
s
erv
ic
es
by
2020
is
i
n
pro
gr
e
s
s,
a
nd
m
m
-
W
a
ve
Ka
-
Ba
nd
te
chnolo
gy
wil
l
offer
a
vital
ro
le
in
m
eeting
high
dem
a
nd
f
or
br
oadba
nd
data
tra
ff
ic
[1
-
2].
Re
centl
y,
it
is
repor
te
d
t
hat
Sam
su
ng
'
s
5G
netw
ork
al
so
ad
op
ts
the
28
GH
z
m
m
-
wav
e
Ka
-
Ba
nd
fr
e
qu
e
ncy.T
his
is
the
trigg
e
rin
g po
i
nt
f
or the
r
esea
r
cher t
o resear
c
h on Ka
-
Ba
nd
m
m
-
wav
e P
ow
er
Am
plifie
r
(PA).
Since
the
P
A
op
e
rates
at
very
high
f
re
qu
e
nc
y,
it
can
hav
e
wide
ba
ndwi
dt
h.
Howe
ver
,
a
s
the
si
gn
al
band
width
inc
r
eases,
the
li
nea
rity
of
t
he
P
A
i
s
de
gr
a
de
d
be
c
ause
the
asy
m
m
et
ric
sideband
is
gen
e
rated
by
the
m
e
m
or
y
eff
ect
[3
-
5].
Furthe
r
m
or
e,
the
crit
ic
al
par
t
in
de
sign
i
ng
CM
O
S
PA
in
Ka
-
Ba
nd
sp
ect
r
um
is
to
achieve
high
gain,
lo
w
power,
in
pu
ta
nd
outp
ut
m
at
ch
ing
a
nd
powe
r
ad
de
d
e
ff
ic
i
ency
ove
r
wi
de
band
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
fro
m
2
6.
5
-
40
G
H
z.
A
num
ber
of
C
MOS PA
desig
ns
fo
r
m
m
-
wav
e K
a
-
Ba
nd s
pe
ct
ru
m
h
ave
bee
n
pr
opos
e
d wit
h
di
ff
e
ren
t
te
chn
iq
ues:
2
-
s
ta
ge
casca
de
[6
-
7],
casca
de
pairs
[8
]
,
2
sta
ge
casca
de
with
opti
m
a
l
bias
s
el
ect
ion
[9
]
,
2
sta
ge
casca
de
with
a
dap
ti
ve
bias
[
10]
,
2
sta
ge
cas
cade
with
rev
e
rse
body
bias
[11],
2
sta
ge
casca
de
with
pow
e
r
com
bin
er
[
12
]
,
and
2
sta
ge
ca
scade
with
li
ne
arizat
ion
on
/
off
[
13
]
.
Adding
power
com
bine
r
to
the
desig
n
le
d
to
achie
ve
high
gain
but
s
uc
h
desig
n
t
rad
e
off
on
siz
e.
2
sta
ges
with
sta
gg
e
r
t
un
i
ng
c
on
ce
pt
was
use
d
t
o
i
m
pr
ove
gai
n
f
la
tness
an
d
le
a
d
to
ac
hie
v
e
m
axim
u
m
PA
E
and
outp
ut
po
w
er
[
14]
.
I
deall
y
m
os
t
of
the d
e
sign
e
r
us
e casca
de
a
r
chite
ct
ur
e t
o o
btain
wide
r gain
band
width.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Study
of CMO
S po
we
r
am
plif
ie
r d
esi
gn tec
hniq
ues
f
or
k
a
-
band
applicati
ons
(
A.F
Has
an
)
809
2.
KA
B
AND D
ESIGN
TE
C
HNIQUE
A
race
t
o
pr
ovide
5G
te
ch
no
log
y
by
th
e
ne
xt
deca
de
is
in
pro
gr
ess
.
5G
wireless
se
rv
ic
es
usual
ly
op
e
rate i
n K
a
-
Fr
e
qu
e
ncy b
a
nd (18
-
28G
Hz
).
In
2009,
[
6]
pro
po
se
d
tw
o
-
s
ta
ge
20
–
24 GH
z PA
with each
stage
us
in
g
casc
ode config
ur
at
io
n
a
s
show
n
in Figure
1.
I
n
this
de
sign,
the
siz
e o
f
eac
h
tra
ns
ist
or
i
n
the d
ri
ver
sta
ge
was
c
ho
se
n
t
o
be
32
fin
ge
rs
an
d
wi
dth
of
2.5
um
.
The
s
iz
e
of
eac
h
tra
ns
ist
or
in
t
he
powe
r
sta
ge
w
as
64
fin
ger
s
a
nd
a
width
of
2.5
um
.
The
cascode
structu
re
m
a
kes
the
de
vice
m
or
e
unil
at
er
al
between
i
np
ut
an
d
ou
t
pu
t
port,
an
d
at
the
sam
e
t
i
m
e,
pr
ovides
higher
gain
in
com
par
ison
wi
th
sing
le
MO
S
transisto
r.
T
hi
s
PA
was
biase
d
at
cl
ass
-
AB
op
e
r
at
ion
to
c
om
pr
om
ise
between
power
a
nd
li
ne
arit
y.
The
rati
o
of
outp
ut
to
input
total
per
ip
her
y
was
4:
1.
T
he
bypass
ca
pacit
or
of
eac
h
dra
in
dc
pat
h
was
set
to
be
4
pF.A
20
–
24
G
Hz
P
A
us
in
g
TSMC
sta
nd
a
rd
0.18
CM
OS
proces
s
has
sh
own
a
s
m
al
l
sign
al
gain
ab
ove
15
dB
in
20
–
24
GH
z
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
band wit
h 16.8 dB
m
o
utp
ut sat
urat
ion
powe
r
a
nd P
AE o
f 10.7
%.
Figure
1
.
Sc
he
m
at
ic
o
f
20
–
24
GH
z
P
A[6]
In
20
10,
[
8]
pro
posed
the
ca
sco
de
pairs
t
ha
t
biased
in
cl
ass
A
as
s
how
n
in
Fig
ure
2
in
or
der
t
o
achieve
hi
gh
e
r
gain
a
nd
bette
r
li
near
it
y
perf
or
m
ance.
Deep
n
-
well
a
nd
the
gate
te
rm
inals
of
tra
ns
ist
or
a
re
al
l
biased
via
5
-
K
n.
Me
ta
l
1
a
nd
m
et
a
l
6
are
use
d
as
thi
n
-
fil
m
m
ic
ro
strip
li
ne
f
or
interc
onne
ct
ion
a
nd
m
atch
in
g
stub
s
.
VDD
a
nd
deep
n
-
well
are
biased
at
3.6
-
V
for
m
axim
u
m
ou
tpu
t
powe
r.
With
a
c
hip
siz
e
of
0.6
m
m
x
0.7
m
m
,
the
am
pl
ifie
r
ha
d
show
n
a
n
O
P1d
B
of
20
-
dBm
a
nd
a
Psat
of
22
-
dBm
.
The
pea
k
P
AE
is
20
%
unde
r
3.6
-
V bias s
up
ply.
Figure
2
.
Sc
he
m
at
ic
f
or
casc
ode
pairs
[8]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
2
,
Fe
bru
ary
201
9
:
8
0
8
–
8
1
7
810
In
20
11,
[7]
propose
d
a
f
ully
-
integrate
d
K
-
ba
nd
diff
e
ren
ti
a
l
powe
r
am
plifie
r
wa
s
desig
ne
d
i
n
65
nm
CM
OS
as
sho
wn
in
Fig
ur
e
3.
T
he
powe
r
a
m
plifie
r
com
pr
ise
d
of
the
2
-
sta
ge
casc
od
e
config
ur
at
io
n
has
the
m
at
ching
netw
orks
base
d
on
t
he
tra
nsfo
rm
er.
T
o
m
at
ch
the
i
m
ped
an
ces,
t
urn
rati
os
of
ea
ch
tra
nsfo
rm
er
we
re
desig
ne
d
to
be
1:1
f
or
t
he
in
put
sta
ge
,
2:1
for
the
inter
sta
ge
,
an
d
1:1.5
f
or
the
outp
ut
sta
ge,
res
pecti
vel
y.
The
sat
ur
at
io
n
po
w
er
of
m
or
e
tha
n
20
dBm
was
ob
ta
ine
d
in
th
e
band
bet
wee
n
16
G
Hz
an
d
25
G
Hz.
T
he
peak
value
of
the
sa
turati
on
power
was
23.
8
dB
m
,
and
the
power
a
dded
ef
fici
ency
(PAE)
was
25.1
%
at
19
G
H
z
.
The
c
hip occ
upie
d
a
rea i
nclu
ding the
D
C
and RF
pa
ds
is
1.
2 x 0.
8
m
m
.
F
igure
3
.
K
-
ba
nd d
i
ff
e
ren
ti
al
powe
r
am
plifie
r[7]
In
2011,
[9
]
pro
posed
t
wo
-
st
age
de
sig
n,
a
nd
the
c
om
plete
schem
at
ic
wa
s
show
n
in
Figure
4.
T
he
transisto
r
(M3,
M4)
in
t
he
se
cond
sta
ge
a
nd
the
first
sta
ge
(M1,
M2
)
a
re
sel
ect
ed
to
be
56
fi
ng
e
rs
with
6
-
um
uni
t
fi
ng
e
r
widt
h
an
d
48
f
in
ge
rs
with
4
-
um
unit
fin
ger
w
idt
h,
r
espe
ct
ively
.
The
pro
po
se
d
powe
r
am
plifier
wa
s
i
m
ple
m
ented
in
a
0.1
8
-
um
CM
OS
te
c
hnology.
All
of
the
passive
com
ponen
ts
inclu
ding
s
piral
i
nduct
or
s
an
d
MIM
capaci
to
rs
are
sim
ulated
by
fu
ll
-
w
ave
sim
u
la
tor.
The
chip
siz
e
of
the
PA
was
0.4
7
x
0.
65
m
m
2
includi
ng
al
l
te
sti
ng
p
a
ds
.
T
his
P
A
has
a
P
1d
B
of 1
6.8
d
Bm
with 15.5% P
AE
at
2
1
G
Hz, and
the p
ea
k
PA
E is
18.9% w
hile t
he
outp
ut po
wer i
s 18 dBm
.
Figure
4
.
CM
O
S Casco
de p
ower
am
plifie
r
with
op
ti
m
u
m
b
ia
s selec
ti
on[
9]
In
2
01
1,
[
10]
pro
posed
powe
r
a
m
plifie
r
with
adap
ti
ve
bias
f
or
e
nh
a
ncem
ent
in
back
o
f
f
ef
fici
ency
as
sh
ow
n
in
Fig
ure
5.
I
n
this
des
ign
,
tw
o
di
od
e
-
connecte
d
tra
nsi
stors
a
re
in
ve
rsely
shun
te
d
a
t
the
gate
of
t
he
CS
sta
ges
a
nd
with
qu
ie
sce
nt
bi
a
s
volt
age
of
0.2
a
nd
0.35
V
.
The
diode
of
t
he
sec
ond
sta
ge
with
total
pe
rip
her
y
of
54
µm
is
biased
at
0.35
V
.
W
it
h
the
1
-
kΩ
bias
re
sist
or,
the
diode
is
e
xp
ect
e
d
to
ge
ne
rate
a
dc
volt
age
of
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Study
of CMO
S po
we
r
am
plif
ie
r d
esi
gn tec
hniq
ues
f
or
k
a
-
band
applicati
ons
(
A.F
Has
an
)
811
0.35
V
in
orde
r
to
li
ft
the
gat
e
bias
from
0.
65
t
o
1
V
w
he
n
the
P
A
is
op
erated
at
it
s
OP
1dB.
T
his
P
A
has
a
P1dB
of
16.8
dBm
with
15
.
5%
PAE
at
21
GH
z,
a
nd
the
peak
P
AE
is
18.9%
w
hile
t
he
outp
ut
pow
er
is
18
dBm
.
Figure
5
.
CM
O
S po
wer
am
pli
fier
with a
dap
ti
ve bias[
10
]
In
2012,
[11]
pro
po
se
d
tw
o
sta
ges
casc
od
e
dev
ic
e
with
input,
ou
t
pu
t,
and
i
nter
-
sta
ge
m
at
chin
g
netw
orks
as
s
how
n
i
n
Fi
gure
6.
In
or
der
t
o
a
chieve
m
axim
um
ou
tp
ut
po
wer,
the
tran
sist
or
s
(M3
,
M
4)
of
t
he
seco
nd
sta
ge
are
64
fi
ng
e
rs
with
unit
fin
ger
widt
h
of
6
11m
.
In
or
de
r
to
ac
hieve
higher
powe
r
add
e
d
eff
ic
i
ency
(P
AE),
the
transi
stors
(Ml,
M2
)
of
the
first
sta
ge
are
sel
ect
ed
to
be
16fi
ng
ers
with
unit
f
ing
e
r
width
of
6
um
.Th
e
am
plifie
r
achie
ves
a
hi
gh
ga
in
of
19
dB,
a
nd
delive
rs
a
n
outp
ut
powe
r
of
19
dB
m
with
24.7% P
AE
at
24 GHz a
nd
O
PldB is
15.7 dBm
.
Fi
gure
6
.
CM
O
S po
wer
am
pli
fier
with
rev
e
rs
e bod
y
bias
[11
]
In
2014,
[
12
]
pro
po
se
d
t
wo
casca
de
d
casc
od
e
sta
ges
f
or
high
power
ga
in,
f
ollo
wed
by
a
com
m
on
so
urce
sta
ge
as
show
n
i
n
Fig
ure
7f
or
high
po
wer
li
nea
rity
.
To
inc
rease
Ps
at
and
PAE,
t
he
outp
ut
sta
ge
ado
pts
a
W
il
ki
ns
on
-
powe
r
-
div
i
der
-
and
c
om
bin
er
-
base
d
tw
o
-
wa
y
powe
r
div
i
din
g
a
nd
com
bin
in
g
a
rch
it
ect
ure.T
he
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
2
,
Fe
bru
ary
201
9
:
8
0
8
–
8
1
7
812
pro
po
se
d
P
A
achieves
powe
r
gain
of
21.5
±
1.5
dB
f
or
fr
e
qu
e
ncies
22
.7
–
26.
9
G
Hz,
and
e
xcell
ent
Psatof
5.9d
Bm
and
r
el
at
ively
h
igh
P
AE
of 14.
6
% at 24
GHz. T
he
seres
ults dem
on
st
rate t
he
propose
d
PA
a
rc
hitec
ture
is ver
y
prom
isin
g f
or 24
-
G
Hz short
-
range c
om
m
un
ic
at
ion
s
yst
e
m
ap
plica
tio
ns.
Figure
7
.
Tw
o ca
scade cas
co
de
CM
OS
powe
r
am
plifie
r
[
12]
In
2015,
[
13]
pro
po
se
d
a
da
pt
ive
bias
with
enh
a
nce
d
li
nea
rizer
as
sho
wn
in
Fi
gure
8.
Althou
gh
th
e
com
m
on
-
sourc
e
is
the
sim
pl
est
topolo
gy
f
or
PA
desi
gn,
the
com
m
on
-
s
ource
P
A
ca
nnot
ac
hieve
suffici
en
t
gain
at
hi
gh
f
reque
ncy
due
to
the
Mi
ll
er
eff
ect
from
the
pa
rasit
ic
ca
pacit
ance.
T
he
refor
e
,
the
cas
cade
topolo
gy
is
use
d
to
re
duce
t
he
Mi
ll
er
ef
fe
ct
by
com
m
on
-
gate
tra
ns
ist
or
a
nd
im
pr
ove
the
high
fr
e
quency
perform
ance.
The
power
sta
ge
is
ch
os
e
n
f
or
highe
r
outp
ut
power
und
e
r
t
he
tra
deoff
b
et
ween
pow
e
r
ca
pab
il
it
y
and
gain
du
e
t
o
the
pa
rasit
ic
eff
ect
.T
he
pro
po
s
ed
P
A
dem
on
st
rates
o
utstand
i
ng
6.8%P
AE
at
6
-
dB
ba
ck
-
off
from
P1
dB,
14.
1%
P
AE
at
OP1d
B,
a
nd
hi
gh
li
near
outpu
t
po
wer
9.2
dBm
with
IMD3
of
-
40
dB
c.
Th
e
pro
po
se
d
PA
c
an
deliver
com
par
a
ble
li
nea
r
ou
t
pu
t
powe
r
with
the
lo
wes
t
qu
ie
sce
nt
power
co
nsum
pti
on
an
d
achieve
bette
r e
ff
ic
ie
n
cy
i
n b
ack
-
off o
per
at
i
on.
Figure
8
.
CM
O
S po
wer
am
pli
fier
with a
dap
ti
ve bias sel
ect
io
n[1
3]
In
2016,
[15]
pro
po
se
d
t
w
o
sta
ges
PA
as
show
n
in
Figure
9.
T
he
sta
gg
e
r
tu
ning
co
nce
pt
is
e
m
plo
ye
d,
where
gai
n
flat
ne
ss
is
accom
pli
sh
e
d
by
us
in
g
two
diff
e
re
nt
center
f
re
qu
e
nci
es
at
20.5
G
H
z
an
d
15.5
G
Hz
f
or
t
he
first
an
d
the
second
sta
ge
,
resp
ect
ively
.
The
tun
i
ng
f
re
qu
e
ncies
(
peak
gain
fr
e
qu
e
nci
es)
of
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
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02
-
4752
Study
of CMO
S po
we
r
am
plif
ie
r d
esi
gn tec
hniq
ues
f
or
k
a
-
band
applicati
ons
(
A.F
Has
an
)
813
the
two
sta
ge
s
are
ad
j
ust
ed
by
op
ti
m
izing
the
width
o
f
tra
ns
i
stors
M1
,
M2
a
nd
M
3,
w
hich
con
t
ro
l
the
c
urren
t
-
gain
c
ut
off
f
re
qu
e
ncies
wt1,
wt2
a
nd
wt
3.
The
first
sta
ge
is
desig
ne
d
to
achieve
a
hi
gh
unil
at
eral
ga
in
w
hile
for
the sec
ond st
age is d
esi
gned
an
d op
ti
m
ized
to
ac
hieve m
axi
m
u
m
PA
E and outp
ut pow
e
r.
T
he pr
op
os
e
d
P
A
has
a
m
easur
e
d
po
wer
gain
of
10.
5
+
-
0.7
db
a
nd
ave
ra
ge
sat
urat
ed
outp
ut
powe
r
of
14
dBm
acro
ss
the
band
width.
I
n
add
it
io
n,
it
achieves
a
sm
all
g
rou
p
delay
var
ia
ti
on
of
+
-
20ps
an
d
m
a
xim
u
m
PA
E
of
26%
wh
ic
h
is
the
hig
hest
am
on
g
the
recently
pu
blis
hed
0.1
8u
m
CM
OS
Pas
wh
il
e
con
s
um
ing
50
m
W
of
D
C
powe
r.
Figure
9
.
Tw
o st
age CMO
S
powe
r
am
plifie
r[
15]
In
2016, [
16
]
prop
os
ed o
ne
-
st
age d
i
ff
e
ren
ti
al
s
tructu
re
hav
i
ng
a
h
a
rm
on
ic
co
nt
ro
l ci
rc
uit t
o
m
ini
m
iz
e
the 2nd
har
m
on
ic
s prod
uced
by the non
-
li
ne
ar CS am
plifier
at the d
rai
n
and
s
ource as sh
own
in Fi
gure
10. By
sh
ort
ci
rcu
it
th
e
dr
ai
n
a
nd
s
ource
,
2nd
harm
on
ic
issue
can
be
re
duced
a
s
it
will
be
tra
p
at
d
rain
a
nd
so
urce
.
2nd
ha
rm
on
ic
need
to
be
el
im
inate
d
as
it
gen
e
rates
side
band
asy
m
m
etr
ic
resu
lt
in
g
lo
wer
P
AE.The
CS
/
2
Stac
k
P
As
ac
hi
eve
P
AE
of
27
%
/
25%,
a
nd
EVM
of
5.1
7%
/4.
2%
a
nd
ACLRE
-
UTR
A
of
-
33
dBc
/
-
33
dBc,
resp
ect
ively
,
w
it
h
an
aver
a
ge
ou
t
pu
t
po
we
r
of
9.5
dBm
/
14.2
dBm
at
28
.5
GH
z
f
or
a
20
-
MHz
B
W
,
64
QA
M,
and 7.5
-
dB PA
PR LTE
sig
nal.
Figure
10
.
O
ne
-
sta
ge dif
fer
e
nt
ia
l st
ru
ct
ure C
MOS
powe
r
a
m
pl
ifie
r
with
a
h
a
rm
on
ic
contro
l ci
rc
uit[
16
]
Lat
er,
[
17
]
propo
s
ed
a sm
all i
nter
-
sta
ge
in
duct
or
b
et
ween
t
he
casco
de
co
m
m
on
-
sou
rce an
d
c
omm
on
-
gate
to
im
pr
ov
e
PA’s
ou
t
pu
t
powe
r
an
d
P
A
E
as
sho
wn
i
n
Figure
11.
T
he
input
bal
un
separ
at
es
t
he
s
ing
le
-
end
e
d
RF
sig
na
l
into
a
pair
of
dif
fer
e
ntial
sign
al
s,
an
d
th
en
these
sig
na
ls
are
am
plified
th
rou
gh
tw
o
-
sta
ge
casco
deam
pli
fi
ers,
i
n
the
e
nd
the
outp
ut
balu
n
m
erg
es
the
di
ff
ere
ntial
signa
ls
for
a
higher
outp
ut
powe
r.
Tw
o
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
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:
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Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
2
,
Fe
bru
ary
201
9
:
8
0
8
–
8
1
7
814
tun
in
g
capaci
t
or
s
beside
the
balu
ns
are
us
e
d
to
help
reali
z
e
inp
ut
an
d
out
pu
t
im
ped
ance
m
at
ching
.
The
inter
-
sta
ge
m
at
ching
netw
ork
is
c
om
po
sed
of
tw
o
sp
iral
i
nd
uctors
an
d
tw
o
MI
M
capaci
tors.
The
casc
ode
struct
ure
is
ad
op
te
d
t
o
ge
t
a
hi
gh
e
r
po
wer
gai
n
a
nd
r
ever
se
isolat
io
n.
A
series
inte
r
-
sta
ge
in
duct
or
is
a
dded
bet
w
een
t
he
com
m
on
so
urc
e
and
c
omm
o
n
gate
tra
ns
ist
or
s
t
o
im
pr
ov
e
the
outp
ut
po
wer
a
nd
PAE
of
t
he
PA.
T
he
chip
occupies
0.6
6
m
m
×1.
09
m
m
includi
ng
al
l
D
C
and
RF
pads
.
The
s
upply
volt
age
is
3
V,
t
he
gate
bias
vo
lt
ages
VB1
a
nd
VB
2
are
0.9
5
V,
2.7
V
res
pecti
vely
.
Re
su
lt
sho
ws
S21
is
ab
ove
21
dB
f
r
om
27
.5
-
28.
5
GH
z
.
Wh
e
n
op
e
rati
ng
at
28
G
Hz,
the
sa
turated
ou
t
pu
t
power
(P
sat
)
is
20
dBm
,
the
ou
t
pu
t
-
ref
e
rred
1
-
dB
c
om
pr
esse
d
ou
t
pu
t
powe
r
(O
P
1dB)
is
15.
7
dBm
,
the
m
axi
m
u
m
power
gain
(
G)
is
22.6
dB,
t
he
pea
k
po
wer
add
e
d
eff
ic
ie
ncy
(PA
E)
is
19 %.
Figure
11
.
CM
OS
powe
r
am
plifie
r
with
a
ha
rm
on
ic
contr
ol circuit[
17
]
In
2018,
[
18
]
pro
po
se
d
a
hi
gh
-
ef
fici
ency
f
reque
ncy
rec
onfi
gurab
le
CM
OS
powe
r
am
plifie
r
(PA
)
desig
n
te
ch
nique
at
24
an
d
28
G
Hz
us
in
g
integ
rated
tu
na
ble
ne
utrali
zat
ion
a
nd
m
at
chi
ng
netw
orks
as
sho
w
n
in
Figure
12.
Figure
13(a)
a
nd
(
b)
s
hows
t
he
ci
rcu
it
dia
gram
of
a
con
ve
ntion
al
fi
xe
d
couplin
g
-
c
oeff
ic
ie
nt
trans
form
er
(kfixe
d)
a
nd
t
he
propose
d
r
ec
onfig
ur
a
ble
co
up
li
ng
-
coe
ff
ic
i
ent
trans
f
or
m
e
r
(
kr
ec
),
resp
e
ct
ively
.
The
pro
posed
kr
ec
is
ac
hiev
ed
by
a
doptin
g
a
switc
he
d
s
ub
st
rate
-
s
hield
induct
or
t
un
i
ng
to
polo
gy
[
19
]
co
pe
with
the
a
dv
e
rs
e
eff
ect
s
of
gat
e
–
drai
n
ca
pacit
ance
(C
gd)
in m
illim
e
te
r
-
wa
ve
(m
m
-
wav
e) CMOS
PAs
in d
eep
-
su
bm
ic
ro
n
te
c
hnologies.
T
he
rec
onfig
ur
a
bl
e
co
up
li
ng
coe
ff
ic
ie
nt
ca
n
be
achie
ved
in
a
two
-
c
oil
syst
em
by
introd
ucin
g
a
thir
d
coil
w
hich
can
m
odulate
th
e
inducta
nc
e
of
the
L
d
a
nd
L
g
dep
e
nding
on
the
sta
te
of
t
he
third
c
oil,
a
nd
thu
s
,
the
c
oupl
ing
c
oeffici
ent.
Figure
13(c)
a
nd
(
d)
s
hows
the
ci
rc
uit
diag
ram
of
the
pr
opose
d
con
ce
pt,
wh
e
r
e
kr
ec
ca
n
be
con
t
ro
ll
ed
by
set
ti
ng
the
gate
vo
lt
age
(VS
W,
T
FR)
of
th
e
swi
tc
h
(Ms
w
)
in
the
third
c
oil.T
hes
e
te
chn
i
qu
es
e
nab
le
high
ef
fi
ci
ency
in
a
P
A
prototype
i
n
65
-
nm
CM
OS
,
ob
ta
ini
ng
bette
r
tha
n
40% P
AEsat at
both 2
4
a
nd 28 GHz
.
Figure
12
.
CM
OS
powe
r
am
plifie
r
with i
nte
gr
at
e
d
tu
na
ble
neu
t
rali
zat
ion
and m
at
ching
netw
orks
[18]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Study
of CMO
S po
we
r
am
plif
ie
r d
esi
gn tec
hniq
ues
f
or
k
a
-
band
applicati
ons
(
A.F
Has
an
)
815
Figure
13
.
Ci
rc
uit diag
ram
o
f (a)
c
onve
ntio
na
l fixe
d,
(b) pr
opos
e
d (co
nce
ptu
al
)
r
ec
onfig
ur
a
ble c
ouplin
g
-
coeffic
ie
nt
-
bas
ed
tra
nsfo
rm
er,
(c) p
racti
cal
r
e
al
iz
at
ion
of
(b)
w
it
h
a
contr
ol
switc
h of M
S
W,
a
nd
(d)
theo
reti
cal
r
el
at
ion
s
hip
betwe
en krec
and
VSW,T
FR [
18]
3.
PER
FO
R
MANC
E
SUM
M
ARY
Table
1
sho
ws
the
su
m
m
ary
of
t
he
pe
rfo
rm
ance
CM
OS
P
As
desig
n
f
r
om
20
09
t
o
20
18
in
Ka
-
Ba
nd
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
f
or
5G
a
ppli
cat
ion.
As
ca
n
be
see
n,
m
os
t
of
t
he
PA
desig
n
m
eet
s
the
gai
n
re
quirem
ent
of
le
s
s
than
10
dB,
exc
ept
the
P
A
with
Ca
scod
e
Pair
[
2
]
.
T
he
high
ga
in
can
al
so
be
achieve
d
ea
s
il
y
wh
en
the
PA
is
desig
ne
d
us
in
g
2
-
sta
ge
casca
de
top
ol
og
y.
A
m
on
gs
t
al
l
the
works,
the
P
A
with
m
ini
m
al
bias
sel
ect
ion
[
3]
and
powe
r
com
bin
er
[
6]
achieve
good
gain
,
outp
ut
powe
r
a
nd
P
AE
wh
ic
h
is
su
it
able
f
or
5G
a
ppli
cat
ion
s
.
Fu
rt
her
m
or
e,
m
os
t
of
the
w
orks
m
anag
e
to
get
good
P
A
E
us
in
g
2
-
sta
ge
casca
de
to
po
log
y.
Be
side
s,
desig
n
with
tu
na
ble
ga
te
-
dr
ai
n
al
so
sh
ows
t
he
pro
m
isi
ng
res
ults
with
P
AE
high
er
tha
n
40%
.
Howe
ver
s
uc
h
desig
n
can lead
to
b
i
gger
size as a
ddit
ion
al
tra
n
sf
or
m
er d
esi
gn
nee
d
to
b
e
consi
de
r
in
the a
rch
it
e
ct
ur
e.
Table
1.
Per
for
m
ance Su
m
m
a
ry of CM
O
S PAs at
Ka
-
Ba
nd
Fr
e
quency
for 5G
Ap
plica
ti
on
Ref
&
Ye
ar
Techn
o
lo
g
y
Frequ
en
cy
(
GHz
)
PAE
%
Gain
(
d
B)
Po
u
t (
d
B
m
Techn
iq
u
e
[
6
]
2
0
0
9
0
.18
u
m
C
MOS
20
-
24
1
0
.7
15
1
6
.8
2
-
stag
e Casco
d
e.
[
7
]
2
0
1
1
6
5
n
m
C
MOS
16
-
25
2
5
.1
22
2
3
.8
2
-
stag
e Casco
d
e.
[
8
]
2
0
1
0
0
.18
u
m
C
MOS
24
20
8
22
1
-
stag
e Casco
d
e.
[
9
]
2
0
1
1
0
.18
u
m
C
MOS
21
1
8
.9
20
18
2
Stage cascad
e
wi
th
o
p
ti
m
al
bias
select
io
n
.
[
1
0
]
2
0
1
1
0
.18
u
m
C
MOS
22
12
1
1
.9
1
5
.4
2
-
stag
e ca
scad
e wi
th
ad
ap
tiv
e bias
.
[
1
1
]
2
0
1
2
0
.18
u
m
C
MOS
24
2
4
.7
19
1
5
.7
2
Stage cascad
e
wi
th
reverse bo
d
y
bias
.
[
1
2
]
2
0
1
4
0
.18
u
m
C
MOS
22
-
29
1
4
.6
23
22
2
Stage cascad
e
wi
th
p
o
wer
co
m
b
in
er.
[
1
3
]
2
0
1
5
0
.18
u
m
C
MOS
23
1
6
.8
1
4
.5
1
2
.4
2
Stage Cas
co
d
e w
ith
Linearization
On
&
Of
f
0
.18
u
m
C
MOS
23
15
1
2
.8
1
5
.8
[
1
5
]
2
0
1
6
0
.18
u
m
C
MOS
12
-
24
26
1
0
.5
12
2
stag
e.
[
1
6
]
2
0
1
6
2
8
n
m
C
MOS
2
8
.5
25
1
3
.6
1
8
.6
1
-
stag
e ,
2
-
stack
.
[
1
7
]
2
0
1
6
0
.13
u
m
C
MOS
2
8
.5
25
1
3
.6
1
8
.6
2
-
stag
e Casco
d
e.
[
1
8
]
2
0
1
8
6
5
n
m
C
MOS
2
8
.5
4
0
.1
8
.9
1
4
.4
1
-
stag
e CS with
Tun
ab
le Gate
–
Dra
in
Neu
tralization
Ov
e
r
the
past
decad
e
,
P
A
m
os
tly
us
ed
e
xp
e
ns
i
ve
te
ch
no
l
og
y,
f
or
e
xam
ple,
Sil
ic
on
Ger
m
aniu
m
(S
iGe
)
orGall
ium
Ar
seni
de
(
GaA
s
)
t
o
be
re
al
iz
ed
in
tra
nsm
itter.
D
ur
i
ng
that
tim
e,
the
P
A
w
as
no
t
ac
hi
evab
le
in
CM
OS
te
c
hnol
og
y
du
e
to
it
s
lim
it
a
ti
on
.
W
it
h
the
i
ncr
e
as
ing
of
CM
O
S
te
chnol
og
y
use
d
in
cel
l
ular
phones
and
m
illi
on
s
of
de
vices
that
are
de
velo
ped
and
m
ark
et
ed
at
m
on
thly
int
erv
al
s,
it
becom
es
a
m
ot
ivatio
n
to
al
l
researc
hers
to
inv
est
igate
a
nd
dem
on
strat
e
ne
w
t
opology
an
d
a
rch
it
ect
ur
e
that
a
re
di
ff
e
ren
t
from
the
P
A
topolo
gies
as
s
umm
arized
in
Table
1.
H
owe
ver,
base
d
fro
m
the
data
obta
ined,
it
is
fou
nd
t
hat
the
us
a
ge
of
CM
OS
powe
r
a
m
plifie
r
sti
ll
has
it
s
lim
i
ta
tio
n
t
hat
nee
ds
to
be
im
pr
oved
and
stre
ngthe
ned
i
n
the
f
uture
P
A
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
2
,
Fe
bru
ary
201
9
:
8
0
8
–
8
1
7
816
topolo
gy.
Fir
stl
y,
the
CM
OS
PA
h
ave
bee
n
stud
ie
d
inten
sively
,
how
eve
r
the
quest
io
n
of
wh
ic
h
P
A
to
polo
gies
is
the
best
t
opol
og
y
sti
ll
ha
s
not
bee
n
r
esolve
d.
The
resu
lt
s
hows
t
hat
there
is
tr
ade
-
off
betwe
en
the
char
act
e
risti
cs, and
diff
ic
ult t
o
ac
hieve a
ll
desi
gn sp
eci
ficat
ion
s
over
high
f
re
quency
sp
e
ct
ru
m
.
Seco
nd
ly
,
m
any
stu
dies
ha
ve
s
how
n
gre
at
eff
ort
an
d
achievem
ent,
bu
t
se
ve
ral
char
act
e
risti
c
sh
ort
com
ing
s
of
the
CM
OS
,
su
ch
as
l
ow
e
r
fT
of
tra
ns
is
tors
that
has
not
bee
n
disc
usse
d
in
detai
l
bef
ore
,
causes t
he
ci
rc
uits desi
gn in C
MOS e
norm
ou
sly
ch
al
le
ngin
g
in
dee
d.
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
A
re
view
of
C
MOS
po
wer
a
m
pl
ifie
r
desig
n
te
chn
iq
ues
in K
a
-
Ba
nd
f
re
qu
ency
for
5G
ap
plica
ti
on
has
been
disc
us
se
d.
Se
ve
ral
ap
proac
hes
P
As
hav
e
bee
n
im
plem
ented
with
di
ff
e
ren
t
kin
d
of
t
opol
og
i
es.
The
perform
ance
of
the
CM
OS
PA
de
pe
nds
on
t
he
sel
ect
ion
of
the
te
chn
i
qu
e
s
an
d
requirem
ent
of
5G
app
li
cat
io
ns
.
Current
publis
h
ha
s
achie
ve
d
ve
ry
go
od
PA
perform
ance
in
Ka
-
Ba
nd
f
reque
ncy
f
or
5G
app
li
cat
io
n.
U
p
to
date,
de
sign
with
Tu
na
bl
e
Gate
–
D
rain
Neu
t
rali
zat
ion
for
28
-
GH
z
re
ported
high
est
PA
E
with
40.
1
%
a
nd
14.
4
dBm
Po
ut.
T
his
re
view
hopefull
y
can
help
to
facil
it
ate
oth
e
r
resea
rc
her
s
w
orkin
g
in
the
area
of
powe
r am
plifie
r
ci
rcui
t desig
n.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
This
w
ork
is
par
ti
al
ly
su
pp
ort
ed
by
the
U
niv
e
rsiti
Ma
laysia
Perlis
(UniM
AP)
S
ho
rt
Term
Gr
ant
(S
T
G)
schem
e,
un
der
the
gr
ant
90
01
-
0052
5.
The
aut
hors
w
ou
l
d
li
ke
to
ex
pr
es
s
thei
r
highest
gr
at
it
ude
to
Un
iM
A
P.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
S.
Onoe,
“
1.
3
E
volut
ion
of
5G
m
obil
e
technolo
g
y
towar
d
1
20
20
and
be
y
ond
,
”
in
Dig
est
of
Technical
Pape
rs
-
IEE
E
Inte
rnat
io
nal
Soli
d
-
State
Circui
ts Confere
nce
,
2016,
vol
.
5
9,
pp
.
23
–
28
.
[2]
Z.
Pi
and
F.
Kha
n,
“
An
int
roduc
t
ion
to
m
il
li
m
eter
-
wave
m
obil
e
br
oadba
nd
s
y
st
ems
,
”
IE
EE
Comm
un.
Mag.
,
vol.
4
9
,
no.
6
,
pp
.
101
–
1
07,
2011
.
[3]
S.
Murad
and
R.
Ism
ai
l,
“
High
gai
n
2
.
4
GH
z
CMO
S
low
noise
amplifier
for
W
ire
l
ess
Sensor
Network
Applic
a
ti
ons,”
R
F
Mi
crow.
…
,
v
ol.
40
,
no
.
1
,
pp
.
4
–
7,
2013
.
[4]
S.
Jin,
M.
Kw
on,
K.
Moon
,
B.
Park,
and
B
.
K
im,
“
Control
of
IMD
as
y
m
m
et
r
y
of
CMO
S
power
amplifier
fo
r
broa
dband
op
erati
on
using
wideb
and
signa
l,”
IE
E
E
Tr
ans.
Mic
ro
w.
Theory
Te
ch.
,
vol.
61,
no.
10,
pp.
3753
–
3762
,
2013.
[5]
M.
Franc
o,
A.
Guida,
A.
Kat
z,
and
P.
He
rcz
f
e
ld,
“
Minim
iz
atio
n
of
bia
s
-
induc
e
d
m
emory
eff
ects
in
UH
F
rad
io
fre
quency
high
power
amplifier
s
with
broa
db
a
nd
signal
s,
”
in
Proce
ed
ings
-
2007
IEEE
Rad
io
and
W
irel
ess
Symposium,
RW
S
,
2007
,
pp
.
369
–
372.
[6]
Y.
-
N.
Jen,
J.
-
H. Tsai,
C
.
-
T
.
Peng
,
and
T
.
-
W
.
Hua
ng,
“
A 20
to
24
GH
z
+16.
8
dBm
Full
y
In
te
gra
te
d
Pow
er
Am
pli
fie
r
Us
ing
0.
18
um
CMO
S Proce
ss
,
”
Mi
crow.
W
irel.
Components
Let
t.
I
EEE
,
vol. 19,
no.
1
,
pp
.
42
–
44
,
2009.
[7]
Y.
Kawano,
A.
Mine
y
ama,
T.
S
uzuki
,
M
.
Sato
,
T.
Hirose
,
and
K
.
Jos
hin,
“
A
fully
-
in
te
gr
at
ed
K
-
band
CMO
S
pow
er
amplifi
er
with
Ps
at
of
23.
8
dBm
and
PA
E
of
25.
1%,
”
in
Digest
of
Pape
rs
-
IEE
E
Rad
io
Fr
eque
nc
y
Inte
gra
te
d
Circui
ts S
ymposium
,
2011.
[8]
P.
Huang,
Z.
Tsai
,
K
.
L
in,
H
.
W
ang,
and
R
.
R
oad,
“
A
22
-
dB
m
24
-
GH
z
pow
er
amplif
ie
r
usi
ng
0.
18
-
µm
CMO
S
te
chno
log
y
,
”
Mt
t
,
no
.
1
,
pp
.
248
–
251,
2010
.
[9]
Y.
-
C.
Hs
u,
Y.
-
S.
Chen,
T.
-
C
.
Ts
ai
,
and
K.
-
Y
.
L
i
n,
“
A
K
-
band
C
MO
S
ca
scode
p
ower
amplifier
u
sing
opti
m
al
b
ias
sele
c
ti
on
m
et
hod
olog
y
,
”
Mi
crow.
Conf. P
roc
.
(
APMC)
,
2011
Asia
-
Pac
ific
,
pp
.
793
–
796,
2011
.
[10]
N.
C.
Kuo,
J.
C.
Kao,
C
.
C.
Kuo,
and
H.
W
ang,
“
K
-
band
CMO
S
power
amplifi
er
wi
th
ada
pt
ive
bi
as
for
enha
nc
ement in bac
k
-
off
eff
i
cien
c
y
,
”
IE
EE MTT
-
S
Int. Microw.
S
ymp.
Dig
.
,
pp.
3
–
6,
2011
.
[11]
J.
L.
Kuo
and
H.
W
ang,
“
A
2
4
GH
z
CM
OS
power
amplifi
er
using
rev
erse
d
bod
y
bia
s
te
ch
nique
to
impro
ve
li
ne
ari
t
y
and
po
wer
add
ed
ef
fici
ency
,
”
I
EE
E
MT
T
-
S
Int. Mi
crow.
Symp. Dig.
,
pp
.
11
–
13,
2012
.
[12]
Y.
-
S.
Li
n
and
J.
-
N.
Chang,
“
A
2
4
-
GH
z
power
a
m
pli
fie
r
with
Ps
at
of
15
.
9
dBm
and
PA
E
of
14.
6
%
using
stand
ar
d
0.
18
μm
CMO
S te
chno
log
y
,
”
An
alog
Int
egr.
C
irc
uit
s
Signal P
roc
ess.
,
vo
l. 79, no.
3,
pp
.
427
–
435
,
2014.
[13]
T.
Huang
,
Y.
L
in,
and
H
.
W
an
g,
“
A
K
-
Band
Adapti
ve
-
B
ia
s
Pow
er
Am
pli
fie
r
with
Enha
n
ce
d
Li
ne
ari
z
er
Us
in
g
0.
18um
CMO
S Proce
ss
,
”
pp
.
4
–
6,
2015
.
[14]
S.
A.
Za
inol
Mu
rad
,
R.
K.
Pokha
rel
,
H.
Kan
a
y
a
,
K.
Yos
hida
,
and
O.
Nizhni
k,
“
A
2.
4
-
GH
z
0.
18
-
μm
CM
OS
Cla
ss
E
single
-
end
ed
sw
it
chi
ng
power
am
pli
fier
with
a
sel
f
-
bia
sed
c
asc
ode
,
”
AE
U
-
Int
.
J.
El
e
ct
ron.
Comm
un.
,
vol
.
64,
no.
9,
pp
.
813
–
818
,
2010.
[15]
H.
Mos
al
am,
A.
Alla
m
,
H.
Jia
,
A
.
Abdelr
ahman,
T.
Kaho
,
and
R
.
Pokhare
l,
“
A
12
to
24
GH
z
high
eff
icien
c
y
fully
int
egr
at
ed
0.
18
µm
CMOS pow
er
amplif
ie
r
,
”
vo
l.
13
,
no
.
14
,
pp
.
1
–
10,
2016
.
[16]
B.
Park,
D
.
Jeo
ng,
J.
Kim
,
Y.
Cho,
K.
Moon,
and
B.
Kim
,
“
H
ighly
l
ine
ar
CMO
S
power
amplifi
er
for
m
m
-
wave
appl
i
ca
t
ions,”
IE
EE
MTT
-
S
Int
.
Mic
row.
S
ymp.
Dig.
,
vol. 2016
–
Augus
,
pp.
16
–
1
8,
2016
.
[17]
Y.
Huang,
R.
Zha
ng,
and
C.
Shi,
“
A
fully
-
in
te
g
rat
ed
Ka
-
band
C
MO
S
power
am
pli
fier
with
Ps
at
of
20
dB
m
and
PA
E
of
19%,
” in
2016
IE
EE Int
e
rnational
Conf
ere
nce on
Ubiqu
itous
Wirel
ess B
r
oadband,
ICUW
B
2016
,
2016.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Study
of CMO
S po
we
r
am
plif
ie
r d
esi
gn tec
hniq
ues
f
or
k
a
-
band
applicati
ons
(
A.F
Has
an
)
817
[18]
S.
N.
Al
i
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
40
%
PA
E
Freque
nc
y
-
Re
co
nfigura
bl
e
CMO
S
Pow
er
Am
pli
fie
r
W
it
h
Tun
able
Gat
e
–
Drain
Neutr
alization
fo
r
28
-
GH
z
5G Radios
,
”
pp
.
1
–
15
,
2018.
[19]
P.
Agarwal
,
P.
P.
Pande,
and
D.
Heo,
“
25.
3
GH
z,
4.
1
m
W
VCO
with
34.
8%
tuni
ng
ran
g
e
using
a
sw
it
ch
ed
subs
tra
t
e
-
shie
ld
i
nduct
or,”
in
201
5
IEEE
MTT
-
S
I
nte
rnational
Mi
c
rowave
Symposi
um,
IMS
2015
,
2
015.
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Ahm
ad
Fariz
Hasan
rec
eived
the
B
Eng.
degr
e
e
i
n
El
ectrical
Eng
i
nee
ring
(T
elec
o
m
m
unic
at
ion)
from
Univer
siti
Te
knologi
Ma
lay
sia
,
in
2007.
From
2007
ti
ll
2010
he
serve
s
as
Proce
ss
and
Equi
pm
ent
eng
i
nee
r
a
t
Int
el
M
al
a
y
si
a.
He
then
obta
in
ed
his
M.E
ng
in
2012
in
Elec
tr
ical
Engi
ne
eri
ng
a
t
Univer
siti
T
ekn
ologi
Malay
si
a.
He
is
cur
ren
tly
pursuing
his
Ph
d.
in
Elec
tron
ic
Engi
ne
eri
n
g
at
the
School
of
Microe
l
ec
tron
ic
Engi
nee
r
ing,
Univer
siti
Mal
a
y
sia
Perl
is.
His
rese
arc
h
intere
st
inc
lud
es
the
ar
ea
s
of
design
o
f
CMO
S
Pow
er
Am
pli
fie
r,
Rad
io
Ferque
n
c
y
Inte
gra
te
d
Cir
cu
it
,
In
te
rne
t
of
T
hings,
VLSI
Design,
and
Rad
io
Freque
nc
y
for
m
il
li
m
eter
wave
appl
i
ca
t
ion.
He
has
publi
shed
m
an
y
conf
er
enc
e
proc
ee
d
ings
as
well
as
journa
l
pape
rs
in
local
and
in
te
rna
ti
on
al j
ourna
ls.
Ir.
Dr.
Sohifu
l
Anuar
Zainol
M
ura
d
re
ce
iv
ed
th
e
B.
E
ng
degr
ee
in
Elec
t
ronic
En
gine
er
ing
from
Saga
Univer
si
t
y,
Japa
n
,
in
20
00,
th
e
Mast
er
of
Sci
enc
e
in
Elec
tron
ic
S
y
stems
Design
Engi
ne
eri
ng
fro
m
the
Malay
si
a
Scie
nc
e
Univ
er
sit
y
,
Mal
a
y
s
ia
i
n
2004
and
Ph
D
in
elec
t
ronic
s
from
Ky
ushu
Univer
sit
y
,
Jap
an
in
2011.
Curre
ntly
h
e
is
a
senior
le
ct
ur
er
in
the
School
of
Microe
l
ec
tron
ic
Engi
ne
eri
ng,
Un
ive
rsiti
Ma
lay
sia
Perli
s,Mal
a
y
si
a.
His
rese
arc
h
intere
sts
inc
lud
e
el
e
ct
roni
c
ci
r
cui
t
s
design,
ana
log
and
rad
io
fre
qu
ency
integra
te
d
ci
rcu
it
design
.
He
has
over
80
publi
c
at
ions
inc
l
uding
journ
al
s
a
nd
proc
e
edi
ngs
publi
shed
in
SC
OP
US
and
five
a
ca
demic
books.
Dr.
Khair
ul
Naj
m
y
Abdul
R
ani
rec
e
ive
d
h
is
B.
S
c.
in
E
lectr
i
cal
(
El
e
ct
roni
c)
Enginee
ring
from
the
Univer
si
t
y
of
Miss
ouri
-
Kansas
Cit
y
(UM
KC),
US
A
in
1996
and
M.Sc.
in
Inform
at
ion
Te
chno
log
y
fro
m
the
Univer
sit
i
Utar
a
Ma
lay
sia
(UU
M)
in
2000,
and
Ph.D.
in
C
om
m
unic
at
ions
Engi
ne
eri
ng
fro
m
the
Univer
siti
Malay
s
ia
Perl
is
(UniMA
P)
in
2
015,
respe
c
ti
ve
l
y
.
Curr
entl
y
,
he
is
invol
ving
in
t
he
Bioele
ct
rom
a
gnet
i
cs
(BioE
M)
Resea
r
ch
Group
,
UniMA
P.
His
rese
arc
h
ar
ea
s
are
rad
i
o
fre
que
nc
y
(RF),
m
ic
ro
wave
,
m
il
li
m
e
ter
wave
,
antenna
design,
fift
h
ge
ner
ation
(5G)
comm
unic
at
ions
and
be
y
ond,
m
a
ss
ive
m
ult
ipl
e
in
put
m
ult
ipl
e
out
put
(MIM
O)
sig
nal
proc
essing,
m
ult
i
user
d
etec
t
ion
(MU
D),
and
art
if
ic
i
al i
nt
el
l
i
g
enc
e
(AI).
Dr.
Faizah
Abu
Baka
r
was
bo
rn
in
Se
la
ngor,
Malay
si
a
in
1
980.
She
r
ecei
v
ed
her
B.
Eng
(Com
pute
r
Enginee
ring)
and
M.
Eng
(Elec
tri
c
al
-
El
e
ct
roni
c
and
T
el
e
comm
unic
at
i
on
Engi
ne
eri
ng
)
from
Univer
siti
Te
knologi
Mal
a
y
sia
in
2003
and
2008,
r
espe
ctiv
ely
.
She
th
en
obt
ai
ned
h
er
Ph.D
in
Microele
c
tron
ic
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
f
rom
Univer
siti
Malay
s
ia
Per
li
s
in
2016.
Her
res
ea
rch
int
er
est
inc
lud
es
design
and
ana
l
y
sis
of
ana
log
and
dig
ital
integra
t
ed
ci
r
cui
ts.
She
has
publi
shed
m
a
n
y
conf
ere
n
ce procee
dings
as
wel
l a
s jour
nal pa
p
ers in l
o
ca
l
and
inter
nat
ion
al
journa
ls
.
As
soc.
Prof.
Dr
Tun
Za
in
al
Az
ni
Zul
kif
li
re
cei
ved
the
B
.
Sc.
,
M.Sc.
,
and
D.Sc.
degr
ee
s
in
el
e
ct
ri
ca
l
engi
ne
eri
ng
from
shington
Univer
sit
y
,
St.
Loui
s,
MO
,
US
A,
in
1995,
1998,
and
2002,
respe
ctively
.
Pri
or
to
1995
,
h
e
sp
ent
two
y
e
ars
as
a
Product
Eng
in
ee
r
wi
th
NEC
Se
m
ic
onduct
ors
(M)S
dnBhd,
wh
ere
he
was
resp
onsible
for
var
i
ous
produc
ts
su
ch
as
reg
ulators
and
amplifiers.
He
completed
a
ndco
-
lead
MP
-
45G
li
ne
tra
nsfer
from
NEC
Fukui
to
Ma
lay
si
a
i
n
1994.
From
2002
to
2014,
he
was
with
Univer
siti
Sains
Mal
a
y
si
a
leading
R
FIC
Group
deve
lopi
ng
var
ious
wire
le
ss
tr
ansc
e
ive
rs
for
UW
B,
RF
ID,
and
W
CDM
A
spec
ifica
lly
.
He
was
a
l
so
invol
ved
in
pursuing
s
om
e
d
at
a
conv
erters
implementa
ti
on
a
nd
FF
T
deve
lopment.
In
2005,
he
co
-
designed
succ
essfull
y
acti
ve
RF
ID
R
F
Fr
ont
End
spec
ific
al
l
y
LNA,
m
ixers
,
and
bandga
p
ref
ere
nc
e
for
Jaa
laa
Inc
.
,
Lake
Forest,
CA,
US
A.
Since
2014,
he
has
be
en
with
Univer
siti
Te
knolog
i
PE
TRONA
S,
w
her
e
h
e
has
b
een
leading
the
R
FIC
Group.
To
dat
e
,
he
has
ov
e
r
79
t
ec
hni
cal
publi
c
at
ions
and
succ
essfull
y
sup
erv
ised
four
Ph.
D.
and
seve
n
M.
Sc.
c
andi
d
at
es
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.