I
nd
o
ne
s
ia
n J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l En
g
ineering
a
nd
Co
m
pu
t
er
Science
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
2
,
N
o
v
em
b
e
r
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
6
8
9
~
6
9
6
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
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DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijeecs.v
24
.i
2
.
pp
689
-
6
9
6
689
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o
ur
na
l ho
m
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e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
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cs.ia
esco
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H
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nv
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ed
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n capa
citor
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aad
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a
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a
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a
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De
p
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rtme
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nfo
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ticle
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y:
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u
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R
ev
is
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Au
g
31
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2
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Acc
ep
ted
Sep
4
,
2
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2
1
In
th
e
las
t
fe
w
y
e
a
rs,
th
e
n
o
n
-
is
o
late
d
d
c
c
o
n
v
e
rters
in
v
o
l
v
i
n
g
h
i
g
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
g
a
in
with
a
d
e
q
u
a
te
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
a
re
b
e
c
o
m
in
g
q
u
it
e
p
o
p
u
lar
i
n
in
d
u
strial
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
T
h
is
is
re
su
lt
i
n
g
i
n
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
a
n
d
c
u
rre
n
t
stre
ss
o
n
th
e
p
o
we
r
d
e
v
ice
(sw
it
c
h
e
s
a
n
d
d
io
d
e
s),
a
s
we
ll
a
s
a
li
m
it
e
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lt
a
g
e
with
a
h
ig
h
dut
y
c
y
c
le.
T
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
p
ro
p
o
se
s
a
m
u
lt
i
-
p
h
a
se
n
o
n
-
is
o
late
d
b
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
rter
th
a
t
u
se
s
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
r
c
lam
p
i
n
g
to
i
n
c
re
a
se
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lt
a
g
e
w
h
il
e
re
d
u
c
in
g
stre
ss
a
c
ro
ss
th
e
p
o
we
r
d
e
v
ice
.
Th
e
re
a
r
e
two
sta
g
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
c
o
n
v
e
rter
(fir
st
sta
g
e
is
t
h
re
e
i
n
d
u
c
to
rs
a
n
d
th
re
e
sw
it
c
h
e
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
se
c
o
n
d
sta
g
e
is
c
lam
p
e
r
c
ircu
it
o
f
t
h
re
e
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
rs
a
n
d
t
h
r
e
e
d
io
d
e
s).
T
h
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
c
o
n
v
e
rt
e
r
is
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
g
a
in
,
wit
h
l
o
w
v
o
lt
a
g
e
st
re
ss
th
ro
u
g
h
sw
it
c
h
e
s
tran
sist
o
rs.
To
ju
stif
y
th
e
th
e
o
re
ti
c
a
l
a
n
a
ly
sis,
th
e
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
wa
s
v
a
li
d
a
te
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
ti
c
a
l
a
n
a
ly
sis
a
n
d
b
y
sim
u
lati
o
n
u
sin
g
M
ATLAB
/S
IM
ULINK
.
T
h
e
re
su
lt
s
c
a
rried
o
u
t
t
h
e
re
su
lt
s
p
e
rm
it
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
rter
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
a
n
d
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
to
b
e
a
c
c
u
ra
tely
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
ap
ac
ito
r
clam
p
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
Hig
h
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
Mu
ltip
h
a
s
e
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Od
ay
S
aad
Far
es
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
Un
iv
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s
ity
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f
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
B
a
g
h
d
ad
,
I
r
aq
E
m
ail: e
ee
.
1
9
.
2
0
@
g
r
ad
.
u
o
tch
n
o
lo
g
y
.
ed
u
.
i
q
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Du
e
to
its
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
an
d
en
d
less
s
o
u
r
ce
s
u
p
p
ly
n
atu
r
e
,
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
(
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic,
f
u
el
ce
lls
,
an
d
u
n
in
ter
r
u
p
tib
le
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
(
UPS)
)
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
ly
an
d
s
wif
tly
r
ep
len
is
h
ed
,
an
d
it
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
in
r
em
o
te
p
lac
es.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
ese
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
is
s
till
m
u
ch
lo
we
r
th
a
n
a
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
(
DC
)
s
y
s
tem
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t
[1
]
-
[
3
]
.
On
th
e
o
th
e
r
s
id
e
T
h
e
lar
g
e
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
le,
o
n
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
s
h
o
r
ten
s
th
e
life
tim
e
o
f
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
ltaic
(
PV)
an
d
f
u
el
ce
lls
[3
]
-
[
5
]
.
Hig
h
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
r
ip
p
le
a
n
d
u
n
r
eg
u
lated
l
o
w
v
o
ltag
e
ar
e
two
m
aj
o
r
d
r
aw
b
ac
k
s
o
f
ad
o
p
tin
g
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
As
a
r
esu
l
t,
in
r
ec
e
n
t
y
ea
r
s
,
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
h
av
e
b
e
en
p
r
esen
ted
to
ac
h
iev
e
h
i
g
h
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
,
r
ed
u
ce
d
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
le,
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
ize
r
ed
u
ctio
n
,
a
n
d
in
cr
ea
s
ed
e
f
f
icien
cy
[1
]
-
[
25
].
T
h
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
te
r
co
n
ce
p
t
ca
n
b
e
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
o
f
as
a
b
asic
k
ey
to
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
a
D
C
v
o
ltag
e
b
o
o
s
tin
g
d
ev
ice.
T
h
e
ty
p
ical
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
,
o
n
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
h
as
s
o
m
e
s
h
o
r
tco
m
in
g
s
,
s
u
ch
as
h
ig
h
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
le,
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
l
im
itatio
n
,
h
ig
h
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
tr
ess
,
an
d
lo
w
ef
f
icien
cy
.
An
o
th
e
r
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
s
tan
d
ar
d
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
s
is
th
at
th
ey
h
av
e
th
e
b
ig
g
est
co
n
d
u
c
tio
n
lo
s
s
es
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
witch
in
g
s
y
s
tem
,
wh
ich
is
a
m
ajo
r
is
s
u
e
th
at
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
co
n
v
e
r
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
[6
]
-
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
u
s
ed
o
f
h
ig
h
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
p
u
ls
ewid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
PW
M)
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
is
v
er
y
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
in
c
r
ea
s
e
v
o
ltag
e
g
ai
n
,
r
e
d
u
ce
l
o
s
s
es,
r
ip
p
le
an
d
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
iz
[9
]
-
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
m
u
ltip
h
ase
s
witch
in
g
in
d
u
cto
r
s
tech
n
iq
u
e
u
s
ed
as
f
ir
s
t
s
tag
e
is
ess
en
tia
lly
a
m
i
x
o
f
th
r
ee
o
r
d
in
ar
y
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
s
c
o
n
n
e
cted
in
a
p
ar
allel
lay
o
u
t.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
b
en
ef
it
o
f
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
r
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
am
o
n
g
th
e
p
h
ases
,
t
h
is
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
in
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
le
b
u
t
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
6
8
9
-
696
690
r
atio
s
till
th
e
s
am
e
o
f
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
co
n
v
er
t
er
.
B
ec
au
s
e
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
is
s
h
ar
ed
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
m
u
ltip
h
ase
i
n
p
ar
allel,
th
e
m
u
ltip
h
ase
s
witch
in
g
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
h
as
a
f
aster
tr
a
n
s
ien
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e
d
u
e
to
lo
w
s
w
itch
in
g
lo
s
s
es.
T
h
is
b
en
ef
it
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
eir
s
witch
in
g
lo
s
s
es,
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
it
also
r
ed
u
ce
s
cu
r
r
en
t
s
tr
ess
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
d
u
e
to
th
e
in
p
u
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
cu
r
r
en
t,
th
e
s
ize
an
d
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
r
atin
g
ar
e
lo
wer
e
d
[
12
]
-
[
1
5
]
.
Usi
n
g
a
clam
p
er
ca
p
ac
ito
r
cir
c
u
it in
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tag
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
a
d
v
an
tag
es:
a)
A
h
u
g
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
p
ik
e
was lim
i
ted
ac
r
o
s
s
s
wi
tch
e
s
b
y
th
e
p
ass
iv
e
clam
p
f
u
n
ctio
n
[1
6
]
.
b)
L
o
w
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
,
h
ig
h
v
o
lta
g
e
g
ain
a
n
d
lo
w
in
p
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
le
[1
7
]
-
[
20
]
.
c)
T
h
er
e
is
ex
tr
a
g
ai
n
ad
d
i
n
g
to
m
ain
d
c
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
[
21
]
-
[
25]
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
o
f
f
er
s
a
th
r
ee
-
ch
an
n
el
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
e
r
ter
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
b
ased
o
n
a
ca
p
ac
ito
r
clam
p
in
g
cir
cu
it.
T
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
clam
p
in
g
s
id
e
ac
h
iev
es
th
e
h
ig
h
v
o
lta
g
e
g
ain
.
T
h
is
d
esig
n
will
p
r
o
v
id
e
lo
w
r
ip
p
le
at
th
e
in
p
u
t
(
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
an
d
v
o
ltag
e)
a
n
d
o
u
t
p
u
t
(
cu
r
r
e
n
t
an
d
v
o
ltag
e)
s
id
es,
as
well
as
m
in
im
ize
s
witch
elem
en
t
s
tr
ess
to
th
e
(
Vo
u
t/3
)
l
o
wer
th
a
n
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e.
2.
T
H
RE
E
P
H
ASE
B
O
O
S
T
CO
NVER
T
E
R
B
ASE
D
-
O
N
CAP
ACIT
O
R
C
L
A
M
P
I
NG
O
P
E
RAT
I
O
N
I
N
(
CCM)
M
O
D
E
Fig
u
r
e
1
is
p
r
esen
t th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
.
I
t is
co
n
s
titu
ted
b
y
th
r
ee
ch
an
n
els
in
d
u
cto
r
s
an
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
clam
p
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
r
ee
s
h
ar
ed
in
d
u
cto
r
s
an
d
s
witch
es
th
at
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
th
r
ee
PW
M
o
p
er
atio
n
s
ig
n
als
with
1
2
0
-
d
eg
r
ee
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t
b
etwe
en
th
em
.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
co
n
v
e
r
te
r
h
as
s
ix
m
o
d
es
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
is
a
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
o
p
er
atin
g
in
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
d
e
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
tead
y
s
tate
f
o
r
o
n
e
p
er
io
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Pro
p
o
s
ed
h
ig
h
g
ain
m
u
lti
-
p
h
ase
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
a)
Op
er
atio
n
al
m
o
d
e
I
:
i
s
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2.
T
h
e
th
r
ee
s
witch
es
(
S
1
,
S
2
a
n
d
S
3
)
ar
e
tu
r
n
e
d
ON.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
d
io
d
es
D
1
,
D
2
a
n
d
D
3
ten
d
ed
t
o
tu
r
n
OFF
(
r
ev
er
s
e
b
ias
s
tate)
.
T
h
is
ac
tio
n
ca
u
s
es
s
to
r
ag
e
en
er
g
y
in
L
1
,
L
2
,
L
3
.
W
h
ile
C
o
ut
ar
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
ed
its
en
er
g
y
to
war
d
s
to
t
h
e
lo
ad
s
id
e.
V
in
=
L
1
d
i
L1
dt
=
L
2
d
i
L2
dt
=
L
3
d
i
L3
dt
(
1
)
v
c
o
ut
=
v
o
=
R
L
i
o
(
2
)
b)
Op
er
atio
n
al
m
o
d
e
II:
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3.
W
h
er
e
S
1
,
S
3
k
ee
p
ON
wh
ile
S
2
is
tu
r
n
ed
OFF.
So
,
th
e
d
io
d
es
D
1
a
n
d
D
3
ar
e
r
ev
er
s
e
b
ias
s
tate.
W
h
er
ea
s
D
2
is
in
ON
s
tate
(
f
o
r
wa
r
d
b
iased
)
.
I
n
s
ec
o
n
d
m
o
d
e
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
s
L
1
a
n
d
L
3
ar
e
s
to
r
ed
e
n
er
g
y
with
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
lo
p
e
o
f
V
in
L
whe
r
e
L
=
L
1
=
L
2
=
L
3
.
in
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
ly
en
er
g
y
V
in
an
d
t
h
e
s
to
r
ed
e
n
er
g
y
in
L
2
ar
e
tr
a
n
s
f
er
en
er
g
y
in
s
er
ies
to
C
1
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
C
o
ut
d
is
ch
ar
g
ed
its
en
er
g
y
to
R
L
in
s
er
ies.
V
in
=
L
1
d
i
L1
dt
=
L
3
d
i
L3
dt
(
3
)
V
in
−
L
2
d
i
L2
dt
−
V
c1
=
0
(
4
)
V
C
o
ut
=
R
L
i
o
=
V
o
(
5
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
Hig
h
g
a
in
m
u
ltip
h
a
s
e
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
ve
r
ter b
a
s
ed
-
o
n
ca
p
a
cito
r
cl
a
mp
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
(
Od
a
y
S
a
a
d
F
a
r
es
)
691
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Mo
d
e
1
,
m
o
d
e
3
,
a
n
d
m
o
d
e
5
Fig
u
r
e
3.
Mo
d
e
2
c)
Op
er
atio
n
al
m
o
d
e
I
I
I
:
(
S
1
,
S
2
a
n
d
S
3
)
ar
e
ON
s
tate.
So
,
is
eq
u
iv
alen
t to
m
o
d
e
I
.
d)
Op
er
atio
n
al
m
o
d
e
I
V:
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4.
S
3
I
s
tu
r
n
ed
o
f
f
wh
ile
S
1
an
d
S
2
k
ee
p
tu
r
n
in
g
-
o
n
.
So
,
th
e
d
io
d
es
D
1
a
n
d
D
2
ar
e
r
ev
er
s
e
b
ias
s
tate.
W
h
er
ea
s
D
3
is
in
ON
s
tate
(
f
o
r
war
d
b
iased
)
.
I
n
f
o
u
r
t
h
m
o
d
e
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
s
L
1
a
n
d
L
2
ar
e
s
to
r
ed
en
e
r
g
y
with
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
lo
p
e
o
f
V
in
L
whe
r
e
L
=
L
1
=
L
2
=
L
3
.
in
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e
th
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
en
e
r
g
y
V
in
an
d
t
h
e
s
to
r
ed
e
n
er
g
y
in
L
3
ar
e
tr
an
s
f
er
en
er
g
y
in
s
er
ies
to
C
2
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
C
o
ut
d
is
ch
ar
g
ed
its
en
er
g
y
to
R
L
in
s
er
ies.
V
in
=
L
1
d
i
L1
dt
=
L
2
d
i
L2
dt
(
6
)
V
in
−
L
3
d
i
L3
dt
−
V
C2
=
0
(
7
)
V
C
o
ut
=
R
L
i
o
=
V
o
(
8
)
e)
Op
er
atio
n
al
m
o
d
e
V:
S1
,
S2
a
n
d
S3
all
ar
e
o
n
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
p
r
in
cip
le
is
s
am
e
as m
o
d
e
I
.
f)
Op
er
atio
n
al
m
o
d
e
VI
:
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
es
o
f
o
p
e
r
atio
n
wae
f
o
r
m
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
W
h
er
e
S
1
is
tu
r
n
ed
o
f
f
wh
ile
S
2
an
d
S
3
k
ee
p
tu
r
n
in
g
-
o
n
.
So
,
th
e
d
i
o
d
es
D
2
a
n
d
D
3
ar
e
r
ev
e
r
s
e
b
ias
s
tate.
W
h
er
ea
s
D
1
is
in
ON
s
tate
(
f
o
r
war
d
b
iased
)
in
s
ix
th
m
o
d
e
th
e
i
n
d
u
cto
r
s
L
2
a
n
d
L
3
ar
e
s
to
r
ed
en
er
g
y
with
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
lo
p
e
o
f
V
in
L
whe
r
e
L
=
L
1
=
L
2
=
L
3
.
in
the
s
a
me
time
th
e
s
u
p
p
ly
e
n
er
g
y
V
in
an
d
th
e
s
to
r
ed
en
er
g
y
in
L
1
ar
e
tr
a
n
s
f
er
e
n
er
g
y
in
s
er
ies
with
V
c1
a
n
d
V
C2
tr
an
s
f
er
en
e
r
g
y
t
o
C
o
ut
an
d
in
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e
to
R
L
.
V
in
=
L
2
d
i
L2
dt
=
L
3
d
i
L3
dt
(
9
)
V
in
−
L
1
d
i
L1
dt
−
V
C1
−
V
C2
+
V
C
o
ut
=
0
(
1
0
)
V
C
o
ut
=
R
L
i
o
=
V
o
(
1
1
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Mo
d
e
4
Fig
u
r
e
5.
Mo
d
e
6
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
6
8
9
-
696
692
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
CO
NV
E
RT
E
R
S
T
E
ADY
-
S
T
AT
E
ANA
L
YS
I
S
3
.
1
.
V
o
lt
a
g
e
g
a
in
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
v
o
lt
-
s
ec
o
n
d
b
ala
n
ce
p
r
in
cip
le
o
n
L
1
.
,
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tai
n
ed
:
=
∗
+
(
−
1
)
∗
=
o
ℎ
=
,
=
(
1
−
)
=
+
(
1
−
)
(
−
1
)
=
0
W
h
er
e:
D:
o
n
p
er
io
d
,
(
1
-
D)
: o
f
f
p
er
io
d
.
−
1
(
1
−
)
=
0
1
=
1
−
D
(
1
2
)
Als
o
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
v
o
lt
-
s
ec
o
n
d
b
alan
ce
p
r
i
n
cip
le
o
n
in
d
u
cto
r
L
3
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
2
v
o
lta
g
e
as sh
o
wn
(
1
3
)
:
=
+
(
1
−
)
(
−
2
)
=
0
−
2
(
1
−
)
=
0
2
=
1
−
D
(
1
3
)
At
last
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
v
o
lt
-
s
ec
o
n
d
b
alan
ce
p
r
in
cip
le
o
n
in
d
u
ct
o
r
L
2
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t c
a
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e
as sh
o
wn
(
1
4
)
:
=
∗
+
(
−
V
C
o
ut
+
1
+
2
)
∗
=
o
=
,
=
(
1
−
)
=
+
(
1
−
)
(
−
V
C
o
ut
+
1
+
2
)
=
0
V
C
o
ut
=
/
(
1
−
)
+(
1
+
2
)
(
1
4
)
B
y
s
u
b
1
2
&
1
3
in
1
4
we
g
et:
O
=
V
C
o
ut
=
1
−
D
+
(
1
+
2
)
=
1
−
D
+
1
−
D
+
1
−
D
O
=
3
1
−
D
(
1
5
)
3
.
2
.
I
np
ut
curr
ent
rippl
e
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
e
r
ter
will
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
am
o
n
g
th
r
ee
in
d
u
ct
o
r
s
L
1
,
L
2
,
L
3
with
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t
o
f
1
2
0
d
eg
r
e
e
in
s
witch
es
o
p
er
atio
n
b
etwe
en
s
witch
es.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
o
p
er
ateti
o
n
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
o
f
th
e
in
p
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t w
ill b
e
th
r
ee
tim
es th
an
o
p
er
atio
n
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
o
f
s
witch
in
g
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
∆
I
in
=
3V
in
D
L
F
(
1
6
)
3.
3
.
O
utput
v
o
lt
a
g
e
rippl
e
T
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
r
ip
p
le
ca
n
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
v
er
ter
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
th
r
ee
tim
es th
an
th
e
in
p
u
t f
r
eq
u
en
cy
as
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
:
V
r
i
pp
l
e
=
∆
V
o
V
o
=
D
3
F
C
R
L
(
1
7
)
3
.
4
.
Se
m
ico
nd
uct
o
r
v
o
lt
a
g
e
s
t
re
s
s
3
.
4
.
1
.
Vo
l
t
a
g
e
s
t
re
s
s
a
cr
o
s
s
t
he
s
wit
ches
Fro
m
m
o
d
e
2
,
m
o
d
e
4
an
d
m
o
d
e
6
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
ac
r
o
s
s
s
witch
es
S
3
,
S
2
,
a
n
d
S
1
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
V
S2
s
t
r
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I
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ter
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
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lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
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SS
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2
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ter b
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r
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u
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g
e
s
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ess
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CO
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h
is
p
ap
er
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r
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ted
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n
o
n
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i
s
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DC
co
n
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ter
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
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n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
(
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ee
s
h
ar
ed
in
d
u
cto
r
an
d
clam
p
er
ca
p
ac
it
o
r
cir
cu
it).
T
h
is
co
n
v
er
ter
f
ed
b
y
s
in
g
le
in
p
u
t
s
o
u
r
ce
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
v
er
ter
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
h
ig
h
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
atio
,
lo
wer
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
ac
r
o
s
s
p
o
wer
d
ev
ice
(
s
witch
es
an
d
d
i
o
d
es)
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
p
o
wer
ap
p
licatio
n
wh
er
e
u
s
in
g
r
en
e
wab
le
en
er
g
y
(
P.
V,
Fu
el
ce
l
l
an
d
UPS)
s
o
u
r
ce
.
B
ec
au
s
e
th
e
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
o
f
t
h
is
s
o
u
r
ce
will
b
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
an
d
h
as
lo
west
r
ip
p
le.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
illu
s
tr
ated
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
an
d
its
d
esig
n
an
d
ch
ec
k
ed
it
with
MA
T
L
AB
Simu
lati
o
n
.
T
h
e
e
f
f
icien
cy
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
is
9
3
%.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
lo
wer
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
ac
r
o
s
s
p
o
wer
d
ev
ice
th
e
to
tal
co
s
t
o
f
co
n
v
er
ter
will r
ed
u
ce
d
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
R.
L.
Yn
g
d
o
h
M
a
iran
g
a
n
d
B.
G
o
sw
a
m
i,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
DC
M
icro
g
ri
d
Ba
se
d
o
n
P
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
P
o
we
r
S
u
p
p
ly
S
y
ste
m
,
”
ADBU
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(AJEE
E)
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
4
-
6
3
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
0
1
8
.
[2
]
H.
Li
,
W.
Wa
n
g
,
Y
.
Zen
g
,
Y.
Z
h
a
o
,
a
n
d
Y.
Jia
n
g
,
”
A
3
L
Ca
p
a
c
it
o
r
Clam
p
in
g
DC
-
DC
Co
n
v
e
rter
wi
th
Lo
w
C
u
rre
n
t
Rip
p
le
a
n
d
Hig
h
V
o
lt
a
g
e
G
a
in
,
”
IEE
E
E
n
e
rg
y
C
o
n
v
e
rs
io
n
Co
n
g
re
ss
a
n
d
Ex
p
o
siti
o
n
,
ECCE
,
p
p
.
4
3
6
6
-
4
3
7
1
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/E
CCE
.
2
0
1
9
.
8
9
1
2
8
4
3
.
[3
]
K.
Ko
m
m
u
ri
a
n
d
V.
R.
Ko
ll
u
ru
,
”
Im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
m
o
d
u
lar
M
P
P
T
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
fo
r
e
n
e
r
g
y
h
a
rv
e
sti
n
g
e
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
a
n
d
Io
T
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
6
6
0
-
3
6
7
0
,
Oc
t
o
b
e
r
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
jec
e
.
v
1
1
i5
.
p
p
3
6
6
0
-
3
6
7
0
.
[4
]
N.
Tew
a
ri
a
n
d
V.
T.
S
re
e
d
e
v
i,
“
A
n
o
v
e
l
si
n
g
le
sw
it
c
h
d
c
-
d
c
c
o
n
v
e
rter
w
it
h
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
g
a
i
n
c
a
p
a
b
il
it
y
f
o
r
so
lar
P
V
b
a
se
d
p
o
we
r
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s,”
S
o
l
a
r
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
1
7
1
,
p
p
.
4
6
6
-
4
7
7
,
1
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
s
o
len
e
r.
2
0
1
8
.
0
6
.
0
8
1
.
[5
]
A.
M
.
Al
-
M
o
d
a
ffe
r,
A.
A.
Ch
lai
h
a
wi,
a
n
d
H.
A.
Wa
h
h
a
b
,
”
No
n
-
i
so
late
d
m
u
lt
i
p
le
in
p
u
t
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
o
u
t
p
u
t
DC
-
D
C
c
o
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
h
y
b
ri
d
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
,
”
In
d
o
n
e
si
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
(IJ
EE
CS
)
,
v
o
l
.
1
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
Au
g
u
st
2
0
2
0
,
p
p
.
6
3
5
-
6
4
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
jee
c
s.v
1
9
.
i2
.
p
p
6
3
5
-
6
4
3
.
[6
]
M
.
L.
Alg
h
a
y
t
h
i
,
R.
M
.
O.
Co
n
n
e
ll
,
N.
E.
Isla
m
,
a
n
d
J.
M
.
G
u
e
rre
r
o
,
”
A
M
u
lt
i
p
h
a
se
-
In
terle
a
v
e
d
Hi
g
h
S
tep
-
u
p
DC
-
DC
Bo
o
st
C
o
n
v
e
rter
with
V
o
lt
a
g
e
M
u
l
ti
p
l
ier
a
n
d
Re
d
u
c
e
d
V
o
lt
a
g
e
S
tres
s
o
n
S
e
m
ico
n
d
u
c
to
rs
f
o
r
Re
n
e
wa
b
le
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
m
s
,
”
IEE
E
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7
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A.
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R.
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A
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a
,
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.
M
a
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a
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M
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0
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C.
R.
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lam
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,
R
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Be
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1
2
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.
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.
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, “
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.
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4
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.
Bh
a
sk
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r,
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.
G
a
n
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sa
n
,
a
n
d
Na
ra
y
a
n
a
n
K3
,
“
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terle
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H
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p
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,
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E
PE
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T
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2
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8
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.
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5
]
A.
Alz
a
h
ra
n
i,
P
.
S
h
a
m
si,
a
n
d
M
.
F
e
rd
o
si
,
”
A
No
v
e
l
I
n
terle
a
v
e
d
No
n
-
Iso
late
d
Hig
h
-
g
a
in
DC
-
DC
Bo
o
st
C
o
n
v
e
rter
with
G
re
in
a
c
h
e
r
Vo
lt
a
g
e
M
u
l
ti
p
li
e
r
Ce
ll
s,”
6
th
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Re
n
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wa
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le
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rg
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re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
a
p
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ti
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,
S
a
n
Die
g
o
,
CA,
USA
,
2
0
1
7
,
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.
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6
]
M.
A.
S
a
l
v
a
d
o
r
,
T
.
B
.
Laz
z
a
rin
,
a
n
d
R.
F
.
C
o
e
lh
o
,
”
Hig
h
-
S
tep
Up
DC
-
DC
Co
n
v
e
rter
Wi
t
h
A
c
ti
v
e
S
witc
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e
d
-
In
d
u
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to
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a
n
d
P
a
ss
iv
e
S
witch
e
d
-
Ca
p
a
c
it
o
r
Ne
two
rk
s
,”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l
.
6
5
,
n
o
.
7
,
pp
.
5
6
4
4
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4
,
2
0
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:
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2
0
1
7
.
2
7
8
2
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3
9
.
[1
7
]
B.
S.
Re
v
a
t
h
i,
P
.
M
a
h
a
li
n
g
a
m
,
a
n
d
F.
G
o
n
z
a
lez
-
Lo
n
g
a
tt
,
”
I
n
terle
a
v
e
d
h
ig
h
g
a
in
DC
-
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rter
fo
r
i
n
teg
ra
ti
n
g
so
lar P
V so
u
rc
e
to
DC
b
u
s
,”
S
o
l
a
r E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
1
8
8
,
pp
.
9
2
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3
4
,
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g
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st
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s
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2
0
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9
.
0
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.
0
7
2
.
[1
8
]
A.
M
it
tl
e
,
R.
K.
S
in
g
h
,
a
n
d
S.
C
h
a
n
d
ra
J
.
A
.
,
”
A
Ne
w
In
terle
a
v
e
d
Hig
h
S
te
p
-
u
p
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-
DC
Co
n
v
e
rter,
”
IEE
E
S
tu
d
e
n
ts
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
En
g
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n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
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ste
ms
(S
CES
)
,
M
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0
1
9
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,
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4
7
7
.
2
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1
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9
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7
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2
5
.
[1
9
]
J.
S.
P
ra
sa
d
,
Y.
P.
Ob
u
les
h
,
a
n
d
Ch
.
S
a
i
Ba
b
u
,
”
T
h
re
e
-
P
h
a
se
Th
re
e
-
Lev
e
l
S
o
ft
S
witch
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n
g
Dc
-
Dc
Co
n
v
e
rter
fo
r
In
d
u
strial
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,”
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
d
riv
e
S
y
ste
m
(IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
o
l.
8,
n
o.
2
,
pp
.
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7
9
4
,
Ju
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jp
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s.v
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.
i
2
.
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9
4
.
[2
0
]
M
.
E.
Az
izk
a
n
d
i
,
F.
S
e
d
a
g
h
a
ti
,
a
n
d
H
.
S
h
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y
e
g
h
i
,
”
A
Ne
w
Bo
o
st
DC
-
DC
Co
n
v
e
rter
Ba
se
d
o
n
a
Co
u
p
led
I
n
d
u
c
to
r
a
n
d
V
o
lt
a
g
e
M
u
lt
ip
li
e
r
Ce
ll
s,”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
Co
n
tro
l
a
n
d
O
p
ti
miza
t
io
n
,
v
o
l.
2
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F.
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h
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h
ir,
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Ba
b
a
e
i,
a
n
d
M
.
F
a
rsa
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i,
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se
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o
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d
B
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d
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sig
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EE
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3
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G
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c
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with
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ter
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ti
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ra
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m
,
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H.
Alh
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lo
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n
d
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S
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o
,
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sig
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Iso
late
d
M
o
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if
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EP
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rter
To
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Hi
g
h
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Up
Ap
p
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ti
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s:
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n
v
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sti
g
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ti
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n
d
Ha
rd
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re
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p
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E
n
e
rg
ies
,
pp
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1
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5
]
B.
S
.
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t
h
ia,
P
.
M
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h
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li
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g
a
m
a
,
a
n
d
F.
G
o
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z
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lez
-
Lo
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g
a
tt
b
,
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terle
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v
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d
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ig
h
g
a
in
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-
DC
c
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rter
f
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teg
ra
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g
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lar
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V
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o
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rc
e
to
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b
u
s,”
S
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l
a
r
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
8
,
pp
.
9
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g
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I
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g
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d
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in
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8
.
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re
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tri
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s
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re
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rtme
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De
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.
His
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re
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in
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o
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r
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l
e
c
tro
n
ics
field
a
n
d
re
n
e
wa
b
le en
e
rg
y
.
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