TELKOM
NIKA
, Vol.11, No
.3, March 2
0
1
3
, pp. 1371 ~ 1376
ISSN: 2302-4
046
1371
Re
cei
v
ed O
c
t
ober 8, 20
12;
Revi
se
d Ja
n
uar
y 14, 201
3
;
Accepte
d
Ja
nuary 25, 20
1
3
Evaluation and Improvement of Shipbuilding Capability
of China
Ye Feng*
1,a
, Zeng Gua
n
g
-
w
u
1,b
, Wang Yu
2,c
1
School of Nav
a
l Architectur
e
and Ocea
n En
gin
eeri
ng,
Hu
a
z
hon
g Univ
ersi
t
y
of Scienc
e a
nd T
e
chnol
og
y
103
7
#
Luo
yu
R
oad, Ho
ngs
han
District, W
uhan, Hube
i Provi
n
ce, Chi
na, 13
917
38
235
6
2
T
e
chnol
og
y
R&D Centre of S
h
ipbuilding an
d Offshore Engineer
ing, Bohai
Ship
building V
o
cational College
29
#
Ha
i
x
in
g Ro
ad,Lo
ng
gan
g
District, Hulu
da
o, Li
ao
ni
ng Pro
v
ince, Ch
ina, +
86-4
29-3
1
1
2
8
0
6
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: 1391
73
823
5
6
@1
39.com
a
, g
w
ze
ng@
hust.edu.cn
b
,
heu
_
w
a
n
g
y
u
@
163.com
c
A
b
st
r
a
ct
T
here are ma
ny thorny pro
b
l
e
ms i
n
our cou
n
try,
such as the security of sea la
nes. T
o
dea
l w
i
th
these prob
le
ms, China nee
ds
to
develop so
phistic
ated nav
al force,
and w
a
rshi
p industry
is
the key factor
to improv
e Ch
ines
e navy. Chin
ese w
a
rshi
p industri
a
l ca
pacity is evalu
a
ted by using
the assessment
system
. Accor
d
ing to the res
u
lts and
existing res
earches, strategies fo
r improving Chines
e shipbuildin
g
ind
u
stry capa
b
ility is bu
ilt from five as
pects
. It is
the reference to stren
g
t
hen Ch
in
ese
w
a
rship in
dust
r
ial
capac
ity, impr
o
v
e navy
’
s cor
e
compete
n
ce, thus
secur
e
Chi
nese territory a
nd mari
ne eco
n
o
m
y.
Ke
y
w
ords
: shi
p
ind
u
stry; w
a
rship i
ndustry; a
ssessment sys
tem; in
dex system
Copy
right
©
2013 Un
ive
r
sita
s Ah
mad
Dah
l
an
. All rig
h
t
s r
ese
rved
.
1. Introduc
tion
In recent years China h
a
s been con
f
ronted with sea ro
ute se
curity pro
b
le
ms. The
solutio
n
s de
p
end on g
r
eat
navy force, whi
c
h in turn
lies on the developm
ent
of shipbuildi
ng
indu
stry, and it's also an impor
tant measure for achieving ma
ritime strategie
s
. Chi
nese
ship
buildin
g i
ndu
stry ha
s
made
gre
a
t p
r
og
re
ss,
ran
k
i
ng NO.1 in th
e wo
rld
by excee
d
ing
Ja
pa
n
and Korea. Howeve
r, it is limited in the amount
of ship
building ton
n
age, and in t
e
rm
s of the key
equipm
ents,
Chin
a still
rel
i
es o
n
imp
o
rt
s, lackin
g
co
mpetition
cap
ability. Moreo
v
er, as fo
r th
e
division
of shi
pbuidlin
g ind
u
stry, China t
a
ke
s the l
ead
ing po
sition i
n
civil a
s
pe
ct
but lag
s
b
ehi
nd
in that of military. In particu
lar, sci
entific
rese
a
r
ch and
produ
ction of
large shi
p
s
still cannot me
e
t
the need
s of
Chin
ese mari
time and national defen
ce
strategy. As a con
s
eq
uen
ce, it's extremely
urgent to improve the shi
p
building ability of China.
2. A Rev
i
e
w
on the Studies of Chinese shipbuilding Capability
E
v
aluation
2.1. Shipbuilding Capabilit
y
Ev
a
l
uation Approaches
There is not
much
system
atic literature on
the shipbuilding indust
ry capability abroad
and at
home.
The
studie
s
mainly focus
on its im
po
rtant rol
e
s i
n
a
c
celerating th
e shi
pbuil
d
in
g
caa
b
ility base
d
on a
co
untry's current
situation
with smaller l
ength
(Wenqin
g
Ya
n, 2011
) [1]. U.
S. Navy Lt. C
o
mman
der, Wayne Huga
r (200
1) publi
s
he
d an articl
e on
USA Nav
a
l Ac
ademy
, in
whi
c
h he ana
lysed the rol
e
of shipbuild
ing indust
r
y played in pro
m
oting the scientific re
se
arch
and p
r
o
ductio
n
of ship
s in
Chin
a [2]. Pavel Mikh
ailov,
2005, su
rveyed
the ship
bu
ilding cap
abili
ty
of Ru
ssi
a fro
m
its hi
story,
orga
nization
stru
ct
ure, re
search
system
and the
ship
s bei
ng
studi
ed
or devel
ope
d
[3]. Rand
Co
rporatio
n (200
5) p
r
e
s
ente
d
a rep
o
rt to th
e US
Depa
rt
ment of Defe
nce,
whi
c
h revie
w
ed the develo
p
ment of Chi
nese Shi
pbui
dling Indu
stry
and its a
ccel
e
rating fun
c
ti
on
in shi
p
de
sig
n
and
produ
ction b
a
sed
on the o
r
g
a
n
i
zation stru
ct
ure and syst
em,
inclu
d
ing
its
faculty, facilities, equi
pmen
t, ships built, sci
entific sy
stem and so on
[4].
Vladimir Shch
erb
a
kov, 2007, an
alysed t
he scie
ntific develop
m
ent and
con
s
truction
cap
ability of Ru
ssi
a from
its scient
ific rese
arch
syst
em, shi
pbuild
i
ng capa
bility, future di
re
cti
on,
the ship
s bei
ng studie
d
and develop
ed
, etc [5].
Guangwen Ch
en (200
9) me
asured the military
ship
buildin
g capability of Japan from th
e numb
e
r of
ship
builde
r
s, the amou
nt of ships
built, the
variou
s types and its scien
t
ific re
se
arch
system [6]. Peng Lin (200
4) studi
ed mil
i
tary potential
of
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 11, No
. 3, March 20
13 : 1371 – 1
376
1372
Japanese
shi
pbuilding industry fr
om its economi
c
basis, shipbuild
i
ng ability, sci
ent
ific research
system an
d sci
entific re
search level [7]. Zh
i chao
xu (2009)
have bee
n d
i
scusse
d abo
ut
Ru
ssi
a's
shi
p
indust
r
y abil
i
ty of industry
and p
r
od
u
c
t stru
ctu
r
e,
orga
nization
manag
eme
n
t,
ability and level [8]. Yanshou (2
010
) surveyed Jap
ane
se su
bm
arine in
du
stry from its design
ability, nucle
ar te
chnol
ogy
re
serve
and
ship
buildin
g tech
niqu
es [9]
.
From the
a
bove revie
w
i
t
's
found that the schola
r
s
approa
ch
e
d
the shipb
u
ild
ing ability fr
om different
angles, but
an
evaluation
system to mea
s
ure the
shipb
u
ild
ing
capa
bi
lity has not been set up un
til now.
2.2. Constru
c
tion of a In
dication Sy
s
t
em
to Ev
alu
a
te Chinese
Shipbuilding Capabilit
y
Considering the confidentiality
of shipbuildin
g ind
u
stry, it's difficult to obtain the
measurement
indicato
rs a
n
d
results of e
a
ch
cou
n
tr
y. In orde
r to achieve a much
more a
c
cura
te
evaluation in Chin
a, the author intervie
wed 15 fa
mou
s
experts in the shipb
u
ildin
g area to obtain
the main indexes adopted in evaluating Chinese
shi
pbuilding capability.
The interviews mai
n
ly
cente
r
ed o
n
the que
stion,
that is, "
what
elem
ents do
you thin
k ca
n dem
onstrate or affect th
e
shipbuilding capability of a country?
" The elem
ent
s presented
by experts are illust
rated as
follows
.
The data coll
ected from the interviews are
co
ded so
as to be ana
lysed system
atically.
Takin
g
the op
en que
stion i
n
to con
s
id
era
t
ion, the
data
are man
ually
code
d. In order to g
r
asp the
essen
c
e of the data, t
he author invited a
n
executive o
f
a
company and an on
-job
doctorate (al
s
o
a chi
e
f man
a
ger i
n
a
com
pany) to
be i
n
volved in th
e co
ding
sta
ge. First, the
autho
r an
d t
he
docto
r of manag
ement
abstract an
d
summa
rize
the key elements in
d
epen
dently and
simultan
eou
sl
y. If both of them
cla
s
sify one elem
ent in a catego
ry
, it will be analysed in th
e
second stage. If the classi
fication is not t
he same, the executive w
ill be involved to discuss
about it. Until
a con
s
e
n
sus is re
ached
d
oes th
e anal
y
s
is
com
e
to the stati
s
tic
stage. Acco
rdi
ng
to the open codi
ng of the interview da
ta, it's f
ound that three types of elem
e
n
ts, in gene
ral,
rep
r
e
s
ent a
country'
s
ship
building
capa
bility, that
is, sci
entific
re
se
arch a
nd d
e
velopme
n
t abil
i
ty,
ship b
u
ilding
ability and internatio
nal co
operation abil
i
ty.
Table 1. Ship
building Ind
u
s
try Ca
pabilit
y Evaluation Index System
No.
Intervie
w
e
r
'
s Description (Indicator
s
)
Grad
es
Code
1
National Basic S
c
ientific Research Level
（
10
）
5
、
4
、
3
、
2
、
1
Scientific
Research
and Developmen
t
Capability
2
Amount and Distribution of Shipbuilding
Research
Institutions
（
8
）
5
、
4
、
3
、
2
、
1
3
Amount and Distribution of Shipbuilding Researchers
（
7
）
5
、
4
、
3
、
2
、
1
4
Shipbuilding Research Expe
rience
（
5
）
5
、
4
、
3
、
2
、
1
5 Technological
Input
（
5
）
5
、
4
、
3
、
2
、
1
6
National Basic In
dustr
y
Level
（
8
）
5
、
4
、
3
、
2
、
1
Shipbuilding
Capability
7
Amount and Distribution
of
L
a
rge or Mediu
m
-sized
Shipbuilders
（
6
）
5
、
4
、
3
、
2
、
1
8
Amount and Dis
t
ribution of Shipbuilding Equipment and
F
a
cilities
（
9
）
5
、
4
、
3
、
2
、
1
9
Amount and
Distribution of Ship
building Technicians
（
4
）
5
、
4
、
3
、
2
、
1
10
Shipbuilding Technique level
（
7
）
5
、
4
、
3
、
2
、
1
11 Shipbuilding
Efficiency
（
6
）
5
、
4
、
3
、
2
、
1
12
Localization Rate of Ship Weapon
（
5
）
5
、
4
、
3
、
2
、
1
13
Policy
and
Finan
ce Support Deg
r
ee
（
5
）
5
、
4
、
3
、
2
、
1
14
Foreign
Technique Introduction D
egree
（
4
）
5
、
4
、
3
、
2
、
1
International
Cooperation
Capability
15
International Coo
peration Shipbuilding Capabilit
y
（
8
）
5
、
4
、
3
、
2
、
1
16
Capability
of P
u
rchasing Ship-w
e
apons from
Foreign
Countries
（
3
）
5
、
4
、
3
、
2
、
1
Data so
urce:
s
u
mmed up b
y
c
oded data base
d
on the interview
s
, the numb
e
r
in the bracket behind each indicator
refers to the
weig
ht of them.
The present study ado
pts the
expert argum
entation
method,
inviting some
scholars to
weig
ht the ab
ove evaluatio
n indi
cators a
nonymou
s
ly
. In orde
r n
o
t to se
parate from the p
r
a
c
tice,
the expe
rts g
r
oup
is
com
p
ose
d
of
exe
c
utives of
ship
building
corp
oration
s
, exp
e
rts, p
r
ofe
s
sors
and sch
o
lars
in national d
e
f
ence in
du
stry. The wei
ght
of each in
di
cator i
s
ide
n
tified by experts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Evaluatio
n an
d Im
provem
ent of Shipbuilding Capabilit
y of Chin
a (Y
e Feng
)
1373
after repe
ate
d
discussion
s according
to the c
hara
c
teri
stics, practical situati
on and relev
a
n
t
studie
s
of the
shipb
u
ildin
g indu
stry. The
indicato
rs
are divided into
5 ran
ks, that
is, very goo
d,
good, just so
so, bad, very bad, each
with the
co
rresp
ondi
ng grade ra
ngin
g
from 5 to 1.
The
evaluation proce
dure goe
s like that if
one of
the indicators is
judg
e
d
as very g
o
o
d
, the g
r
ade
i
s
5
[10], [11].
It should be
noted that the indicators cannot
be
made spe
c
ific as a re
sul
t
of
the
particula
rity of shipb
u
ildi
ng indu
stry.
They
can
only be judg
ed ba
sed o
n
the app
rai
s
ers'
experie
nce and ran
k
ed with correspon
ding gra
d
e
s
, which are calcul
ated to get a weight
ed
averag
e num
ber.
2.3. Ev
aluation Res
u
lts a
nd the Analy
s
is
Sele
ction of Experts
In con
s
ide
r
ati
on of the particula
rity of shi
pbuildin
g ind
u
stry, som
e
data is not available,
so exp
e
rts
who are famili
ar with
Chi
n
ese
sh
i
pbuidi
ng indu
stry
are
sele
cted.
More
over, the
appraisers are choo
sed b
y
referring to
t
he 360 degree evalu
a
tion method. They general
ly
include military official
s (purchas
ers), providers
of core
component
s, executives of
shipbuilders,
military dynamic observe
rs, rese
arch
ers of shi
pbuild
ing indust
r
y (colle
ge schol
ars), resea
r
chers
in the field of ship
buildin
g indu
stry (brokers) an
d re
se
arche
r
s of the
manage
ment
.
Two app
ro
pri
a
te apprai
se
rs are sel
e
cte
d
from the rest 7 ones e
x
cept the author to
con
d
u
c
t a further evalu
a
tio
n
, and the score
s they
give are ave
r
ag
ed, whi
c
h fin
a
lly come
s o
u
t as
the evaluatio
n result.
Ev
aluation Results a
nd the Analy
s
is
The evaluati
on re
sults a
r
e handle
d
by way of
sta
t
istics a
c
cord
ing to the previously
determi
ned e
v
aluation p
r
in
ciple. Ta
ke
n as a
w
hol
e, there i
s
no
bi
g differen
c
e
betwe
en the
14
experts'evalu
a
tion re
sult
s and that
of the autho
r, fluctuating in a
certai
n ra
nge
. In general, t
h
e
ship
buildin
g indu
stry cap
a
b
ility of China is score
d
as 73.0, which
sugge
sts th
at China is a
t
a
medium level
and that there still exists a large
ga
p whe
n
com
paring with adva
n
ce
d cou
n
trie
s.
Gene
rally sp
eaki
ng, measure
s
sho
u
ld be taken to promote the shipbuildi
ng in
dustry in Chi
na.
To be spe
c
ific, com
pared
with the shi
pbuildin
g
abil
i
ty of China, its internatio
nal co
ope
rati
on
cap
ability is still relatively compromised,
and t
he re
sea
r
ch and devel
opment
level is
supp
ose
d
to
be take
n furth
e
r.
Table 2. Statistical T
able o
f
the Evaluation Re
sult
s
Levels No.
(Indi
c
a
tors
)
Weight of the Ind
i
cators
A B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
Author
Average
Scientific
Research and
Development
Capability
1
3
44
34
34
44
34
32
44
3.5
2
4
44
33
44
33
43
43
44
3
.
6
3
3
34
34
43
33
44
43
43
3
.
5
4
3
33
23
34
43
34
33
43
3
.
2
5
4
34
43
43
44
33
34
44
3
.
6
Shipbuilding
Capability
6
3
43
44
43
34
34
44
44
3
.
7
7
5
44
53
45
34
55
44
35
4
.
2
8
4
43
53
34
34
45
44
34
3
.
8
9
5
55
44
53
34
53
45
45
4
.
3
1
0
3
45
44
54
44
54
54
45
4
.
3
1
1
4
44
54
44
34
45
44
54
4
.
1
1
2
4
44
54
44
34
45
55
45
4
.
3
1
3
5
44
53
33
34
54
44
44
3
.
9
International
Cooperation
Capability
1
4
3
32
32
33
33
22
33
33
2
.
7
1
5
3
33
22
33
33
33
23
22
2
.
7
1
6
3
22
32
23
32
22
33
22
2
.
4
Mean
Numbe
r
73.2
74 69.6
69 73.4
75.6
72
76.8
Total Average
73.0
Notes:
the d
a
ta is proc
ess
ed acc
o
rdi
ng
to the statistical resu
lts.
A and B ar
e th
e militar
y offic
i
als
(purch
asers); C and D are pr
ovid
ers of core compone
nt
s; E and F
are executives
of shi
pbu
ild
ers; G a
nd H
are militar
y
d
y
n
a
mic observ
e
rs
; I and J are re
search
ers
of ship
bui
ldi
ng in
d
u
str
y
(coll
e
g
e
schol
ars); K and L
are researc
her
s in the field of
ship
bui
ldi
ng in
dustr
y
(brok
e
rs
); M and N are
resear
c
hers of the manag
eme
n
t.
F
o
r comparis
o
n
'
s
sake, the ul
timate
result a
dopts the ce
ntesimal s
y
stem.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
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Vol. 11, No
. 3, March 20
13 : 1371 – 1
376
1374
3. Strategies for Improvin
g Chin
ese Shipbuilding Industr
y
Capabilit
y
3.1. Main Factors
Affecti
ng the Impro
v
e
m
ent of Chinese Ship
building Abilit
y
The overall
capability of Ch
inese shi
p
building i
ndustry
shows a striki
ng increase in
these years, however, t
here is still a relatively large gap co
mp
ared
with the advanced co
untri
es.
China falls behind them i
n
the
following aspects li
ke the comp
rehensive com
petition abilities,
indu
strial org
anization stru
cture, ship bu
ilding
scientifi
c
and technol
ogical level, ship equip
m
en
t
indu
stry, corp
oration m
ana
gement an
d suppo
rt po
licy.
It's analyse
d
in detail as fol
l
ows:
Shipbuilders
are distribu
ted inappro
p
riately
w
i
th
unev
e
n de
v
e
lopment and
l
o
w
conce
n
tra
t
io
n degre
e
.
It is of great sig
n
ifican
ce for each co
u
n
try to improve their intern
ation
a
l
comp
etition a
b
ility by optimizing
the in
dustry
st
ruct
ure to fo
rm
scale
econo
m
y
and to b
u
il
d a
orderly, com
petitive development
environment. At
present, many
problem
s still exist in
the
indu
strial structure of Chines
e shipb
u
i
l
ding indu
stry:
there is no corre
s
pon
d
i
ng comp
etition
system an
d the pro
d
u
c
tio
n
s are
unco
m
petitive in internatio
nal
markets; scal
e econ
omy cannot
be forme
d
du
e to its low co
nce
n
tration d
egre
e
.
Technolo
g
ic
al le
v
e
l is
lo
w
in ge
ner
a
l; design a
nd shipbuilding tech
nique falls
behind.
Shi
p
building ind
u
stry has be
e
n
expanded to T
op 1 in
the world in re
cent years and
its
techn
o
logi
cal
level is al
so
improve
d
in
a deg
r
ee. Howeve
r,
Chi
n
ese shi
pbuild
ing
indu
stry still
lags be
hind the advan
ced
level of
the
worl
d due to
its wea
k
abili
ty of basic scientific re
sea
r
ch
and develo
p
m
ent, insufficient ability of designi
ng
high-en
d ships an
d rel
a
tively backward
desi
gning a
n
d
manufa
c
turi
ng tech
niqu
e
s
.
The dev
e
lopment of s
h
ip
equipment i
s
back
w
a
rd.
There rem
a
i
n
s
a co
nventi
on
tha
t
ship
buildin
g is overweight
ed than developing its co
rresp
ondi
ng eq
uipment in the long history
o
f
Chin
ese ship equipm
ent industry. In addition, Ch
ina has long paid
more attentio
n to introduci
n
g
techni
que
s than absorbi
ng
them. Its neglectin
g
the
cultivation of self-develo
p
m
ent ability leads
to Chin
ese ship equi
pme
n
t indu
stry la
cki
ng
self-d
e
v
elopment a
b
ility and un
able to p
r
od
uce
equipm
ent
with indep
end
ent intelle
ctu
a
l prope
rt
y. With the
de
velopment
of scien
c
e
an
d
techn
o
logy, the origi
nally introdu
ce
d techniqu
e
can n
o
longe
r mee
t
the needs o
f
contempo
ra
ry
age. The correspon
ding e
quipme
n
t and the te
chnol
ogy cannot b
e
updated in
time, and the
locali
zation
ra
te of the equipment is in d
e
clin
e every year.
The manag
e
ment of s
h
ipbuilders is suppose
d
to be pr
omoted.
Th
e bigge
st
differen
c
e be
tween
Chine
s
e shipb
u
ild
ers a
nd that
of foreign cou
n
trie
s' is the corp
ora
t
ion
manag
eme
n
t level at pre
s
ent. Compa
r
ing
with
the
advanced
countrie
s
, Chi
nese shi
pbuil
ders
are ba
ckward in the manag
ement
mode, app
ro
ach a
nd technolo
g
y. The efficien
cy of
ship
buildin
g corpo
r
ation cannot be pla
y
ed compl
e
tely, with disprop
o
rtio
nal rate betwee
n
the
techn
o
logy equipme
n
t input and output. The backwa
r
d mana
gem
ent level directly leads to the
inefficien
cy of
ship
builde
r
s, low q
uality o
f
the
pro
ducti
ons, lo
w inte
rnational
com
petitive ability of
the prod
uct
s
, whi
c
h all hind
er the furthe
r
developm
ent of Chine
s
e
sh
ipbuildin
g ind
u
stry.
Institu
t
ional
mechanis
m and polic
y
en
v
i
ron
m
ent need
s
further pe
rfec
tion.
Chin
ese ship
building
re
se
arch an
d d
e
velopme
n
t
co
rporatio
ns
are
all state
-
o
w
ned e
n
terp
ri
ses,
whi
c
h unive
rsally have va
riou
s proble
m
s, for in
sta
n
ce, the in
stitutional me
ch
anism i
s
infle
x
ible
and inelastic; the corporations
are overburdened with excessive
staff;
the const
r
uction o
f
mode
rn ente
r
prise in
stitution ke
ep
s a slow pa
ce.
Be
side
s, the co
rporatio
ns di
d
n
’t get suffici
ent
and sy
stemat
ic su
ppo
rt fro
m
t
he govern
m
ent poli
c
y and othe
r asp
e
cts.
Wheth
e
r
from the d
e
p
th
or the breath,
the policy su
pport ne
ed
s to be furthe
r improve
d
.
3.2. Strategies for Impro
v
ing Chin
ese Shipbuilding Industry
Capabilit
y
It needs to impro
v
e the foundation ab
ilit
y
of national defense scienti
f
ic and
tech
nologic
a
l industry
.
As a m
a
j
o
r p
a
rt of
Chin
ese nati
onal d
e
fen
s
e scientific
and
techn
o
logi
cal
industry, shi
pbuildin
g ind
u
stry is
clo
s
e
l
y asso
ciated
with its overall developm
ent
and lays foun
dation for it.
Acco
rdi
ngly, the nati
onal d
e
fense sci
ent
ific and techn
o
logi
cal indu
str
y
cap
ability sho
u
ld be put into a dominant
positio
n by
impleme
n
ting the military to civil strategy. In
this way, it ca
n get financi
a
l supp
ort to improve its
ra
pid mobili
zati
on ca
pability.
It needs to b
oost th
e improv
ement and inno
v
a
tion of shipbuilding.
Innovation and
cre
a
tion is the soul of a n
a
tion and the unexhaus
te
d
power for its development
. Scientific and
techn
o
logi
cal
innovation
must be p
r
o
m
oted to de
velop high
-te
c
h warshi
p e
quipme
n
t an
d to
enha
nce ship
building ind
u
stry level. As a
cons
e
que
nce, the
followi
ng approa
che
s
are pro
p
o
s
ed:
to promote techn
o
logi
cal innovation, to enhance sh
i
p
design
leve
l, to make a
brea
kth
r
ou
gh
in
basi
c
, ge
neri
c
an
d core te
chni
que
s, to
con
s
tru
c
t
an i
nnovation
pla
tform, to driv
e inform
ation
by
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Evaluatio
n an
d Im
provem
ent of Shipbuilding Capabilit
y of Chin
a (Y
e Feng
)
1375
indu
striali
z
ati
on, to accel
e
rate
ship
bui
lding in
d
u
st
ry technol
ogical tran
sform
a
tion, to improve
self-d
evelop
ment of ship t
y
pes [12].
It needs to
seep up the adjustm
e
nt of indu
strial struc
t
ure and optimize the
industrial distribu
tion.
The indu
stri
al stru
cture need
s to
be
adjuste
d a
nd the indu
strial
distrib
u
tion
n
eed
s to b
e
o
p
timized
a
c
cordin
g to the
feature
s
of t
he shipb
u
ildi
ng ind
u
st
ry. First,
the organi
zati
on st
ru
cture
need
s to
be
adju
s
ted by
setting up i
n
te
rnation
a
l ent
erp
r
ises
of first-
cla
ss a
nd large-scale, by con
s
tru
c
ting profe
ssi
onal and
characte
ri
stic ship
buil
d
ing
ind
u
stry and
by developin
g
modern shi
p
produ
ction
and se
rvice i
ndu
stry. Sec
ondly, an effe
ctive shipbuil
d
ing
system
sh
ou
ld be
co
nstructed to
im
prove th
e a
s
sembly
shi
pbuildin
g lev
e
l and
the l
ean
ship
buildin
g. Digitalizatio
n shipb
u
ildin
g ability needs to be
enha
nced a
nd a coo
p
e
r
ated
assembly
shi
pbuildin
g mo
del nee
ds to
be set u
p
. A professio
n
a
l and divid
ed co
ope
rati
on
system of the middle prod
u
c
t shoul
d be actively
developed in different sectio
ns, unit models a
nd
outfitting, etc. What’s more
, green ship
b
u
ilding level also ne
ed
s to be improve
d
in an effort to
set up
a gre
en, effective, eco
nomi
c
al
and mo
de
rn
system. Thi
r
dly, the indu
strial di
stri
but
ion
sho
u
ld b
e
o
p
timized
by
adju
s
ting
shi
p
buildi
ng a
n
d
re
pairi
ng
capa
city. In addition, ma
ritime
engin
eeri
ng equipm
ent and building
indu
stry sh
o
u
ld be con
c
entrated to rend
er the key
equipm
ent b
u
ilding b
a
se
bigge
r and
stron
g
e
r
. Fourthly, the
importa
nt area guid
e
s t
he
developm
ent of ship re
pai
ri
ng and
corre
s
pondi
ng equi
pment indu
stry.
It needs to
enforc
e th
e managem
e
nt of s
h
ip industr
y
.
Shipbuildi
ng
indu
stry
con
c
e
r
n
s
a
country'
s
st
rat
egic i
n
terest
s.
Con
s
eq
uent
ly,
the
sup
e
rv
ision and ma
nagem
ent sh
ould
be st
ren
g
the
ned. Firstly, the ind
u
stry
q
uality ev
aluati
on an
d supe
rvision
can
be
stre
ngthe
ne
d b
y
further regul
a
t
ing the market order,by i
m
prov
in
g the industry adm
issi
on rul
e
s a
nd mana
gem
ent
system a
nd
by severely impleme
n
ting
indu
strial
p
o
li
cie
s
. Seco
ndl
y, the industry quality, safety
manag
eme
n
t and
cont
rol
sho
u
ld b
e
promoted. Thi
r
dly, shipb
u
ild
ing ind
u
stry
sho
u
ld b
e
gi
ven
more fina
nce
supp
ort, with thorou
gh finan
cial poli
cy suppo
rt. Fourthly, the openi
ng-up l
e
vel
sho
u
ld be increa
sed to introdu
ce advan
ced ship equi
pment, techn
o
logi
cal kno
w
ledge, talents,
facilities an
d manag
eme
n
t method, and
the c
oope
ra
ted developm
ent of high-e
nd shi
p
s ne
e
d
s
to be
carrie
d
forwa
r
d. Fifthl
y
, the con
s
tru
c
tion of l
egal
rule
s a
nd la
ws
shoul
d b
e
a
c
celerated
by
stren
g
theni
ng
the legislati
on of resea
r
ch an
d dev
el
opment a
c
tivities. In this way, a favorable
system
atic environm
ent will be created
, solidif
ying the resea
r
ch, prod
uctio
n
and manag
em
ent
res
u
lts.
It needs to
impro
v
e the scientific managemen
t
le
v
e
l of s
h
ipbuilding industry
.
Chin
ese shi
p
building i
ndu
stry shoul
d co
nvert from
th
e origi
nal extensive d
e
velo
pment mo
de to a
con
notative mode. A mod
e
rn corp
oration system
sh
ould be con
s
truc
te
d to improve the scie
ntific
deci
s
io
n-m
a
ki
ng an
d ma
na
gement l
e
vel. Firstly, it
sh
o
u
ld focus
on
developin
g
th
ree m
a
in
strea
m
ship types like bulk ca
rrie
r
s, oil tanks and contai
n
e
r
ship
s, and on high-te
ch ship fields with
sup
e
rio
r
foun
dation an
d g
r
eate
r
market
need
s. Moreover, shipb
u
ilding in
dust
r
y sho
u
ld cre
a
te
well-kn
own b
r
and
s
with lo
w-co
st, high
quality,
sup
e
r comp
re
hen
si
ve techni
cal
and e
c
o
nomi
c
al
perfo
rman
ce
so a
s
to lead
the market need
s. Se
con
d
ly, professio
nals
sho
u
ld b
e
cultivated a
n
d
facultie
s be trained in o
r
de
r to improve the over
all qu
al
ity and meet the su
stain
abl
e developm
e
n
t
need
s of the
ship i
ndu
stry. Thirdly,
the
strategy of "bri
nging
-in" a
n
d
"going o
u
t" is carried
out
by
stren
g
theni
ng
the coo
p
e
r
a
t
ion and
cont
act with inte
rnational o
r
g
a
n
izatio
ns, ma
in ship
buildi
n
g
cou
n
trie
s(esp
e
cially the countrie
s
with
adv
anced tech
niqu
es ) and by taking part in t
he
legisl
ation an
d modificatio
n
of specifi
c
a
t
ion stand
ard.
4. Conclusio
n
Acco
rdi
ng to
the evaluation result
s, it's
f
ound that Chinese current
shipbuildi
ng indu
stry
cap
ability is still at a middl
e level, but th
ere
still exist
s
a large gap
comp
ared wit
h
the advanced
cou
n
trie
s. As
for shi
pbuil
d
i
ng capa
bility,
the in
tern
atio
nal coope
rati
on ability is
still comp
arativ
ely
wea
k
, and th
e re
sea
r
ch a
nd develo
p
m
ent level nee
ds to be furt
her imp
r
oved
. In compari
s
on
with advanced countri
es,
China still lags behind in
such
as
pects as com
p
rehe
nsive com
pet
itive
abilities,
ind
u
strial org
ani
zation stru
ct
ure,
te
chnol
ogical level, ship e
quip
m
ent, corpo
r
ation
manag
eme
n
t and policie
s. The industry
distribution
i
s
not appro
p
riate, with low concentratio
n
.
The overall
sci
entific and
technolo
g
ica
l
leve
l is low with inadeq
uate desi
gn
and produ
cti
on
techn
o
logy a
nd backward
ship equipm
ent indus
try. More
over, the manage
me
nt needs to be
improve
d
, and so does the institution
a
l sy
stem and policy en
vironme
n
t. If correspondi
ng
measures a
r
e taken to t
he above p
r
oblem, Chi
n
e
s
e shipb
u
ildi
ng indu
stry
cap
ability will
b
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 11, No
. 3, March 20
13 : 1371 – 1
376
1376
effectively improved an
d Chine
s
e defen
ce and ma
riti
me strategi
es will be achie
v
ed. As China is
stron
g
in the
field of civil shipbuildi
ng, it has
b
e
come
No. 1 shipbu
ilding count
ry in the wo
rld
by
excee
d
ing
Ja
pan an
d Korea, whi
c
h lie
s a favor
able
foundation f
o
r China to i
m
prove it
s ship
prod
uctio
n
a
b
ility. Only if Chin
a a
c
hi
eves its
con
v
ersio
n
fro
m
civil shi
pbui
lding to milit
ary
ship
buildin
g and expand
s the transformation cha
n
nel can Chi
n
ese shipbuil
d
ing capa
bility b
e
greatly promo
t
ed.
Referen
ces
[1]
W
enqi
ng Y
an.
Stud
y o
n
Sh
i
pbu
ild
ing
Res
e
arch a
nd
Dev
e
lo
pment
Cap
abil
i
t
y
an
d N
a
tion
al D
e
fenc
e
Strategic Ada
p
t
abilit
y. PhD D
i
s
ertation. Zhe
n
jian
g
: Jian
gsu
Scienc
e an
d Techn
o
lo
g
y
Un
i
v
ersit
y
; 2
011.
[2]
W
a
y
n
e
H
ugar.
Is Chin
a T
a
kin
g
a Great L
e
a
p
F
o
rw
ard in S
h
ip
bui
ldi
n
g
?
Pr
ocee
din
g
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he US
Nava
l
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w
York. 2001; 7:
84-8
9
.
[3]
Pavel Mik
hai
lo
v. Russian Sh
i
pbu
ild
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dus
tr
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.
Naval Forc
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Cliff, Keith Crane, James C.
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eno
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5.
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v
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u
il
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n
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anes
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h
ip
bui
ldin
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a
p
abi
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a
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e
a
pons
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09
;
3: 73-80.
[7]
Peng
Lin. T
he
Japa
nes
e shi
p
ind
u
str
y
mi
lita
r
y
p
o
tenti
a
l a
n
d
pro
b
lems.
S
h
ip s
upp
lies
an
d the
mark
et
.
200
4; 2: 33-37.
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Z
h
icha
o Xu. A
n
Overvie
w
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n
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p
b
u
ild
in
g Industr
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e
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e
chn
o
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g
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