I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
l
e
c
tr
i
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
te
r
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
V
ol
.
8,
N
o.
2,
N
o
v
em
ber
20
17,
p
p
.
5
41
~
5
45
D
O
I
:
10.
115
91/
i
j
eec
s
.
v
8
.i
2
.
pp54
1
-
54
5
541
R
ec
ei
v
ed
Ju
l
y 1
9
,
2
01
7
;
R
e
v
i
s
ed
S
ept
e
mb
er
27,
20
1
7
;
A
c
c
ept
ed
O
c
t
ober
12,
201
7
I
nte
gr
a
te
d E
ng
i
ne
e
r
i
n
g P
r
oj
e
c
t
M
a
na
ge
me
nt
A
ppr
oa
c
h
for
T
y
p
i
c
a
l
S
ma
l
l
to M
e
di
u
m M
a
nufa
c
tur
i
ng
C
o
mpa
ni
e
s
E
r
r
y Y
u
l
i
an
T
r
i
b
l
as
A
d
est
a
*
,
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
A
b
d
u
l
l
a
h
K
B
,
Y
ah
y
a
A
A
l
az
em
i
D
epar
t
m
ent
of
M
anuf
ac
t
ur
i
n
g
and M
at
er
i
al
s
E
ng
i
ne
er
i
n
g
F
ac
u
l
t
y
of
E
n
gi
ne
er
i
n
g,
I
n
t
er
n
a
t
io
n
a
l I
s
la
m
ic
U
n
iv
e
r
s
it
y
M
a
la
y
s
ia
J
al
a
n G
om
bak
507
28 K
u
al
a
L
um
pur
*C
or
r
es
po
ndi
ng a
ut
hor
,
e
-
m
a
i
l
:
eade
s
t
a@
i
i
u
m
.
ed
u.
m
y
A
b
st
r
act
T
he ai
m
of
t
hi
s
paper
i
s
t
o
i
dent
i
f
y
t
he pr
o
bl
em
ex
t
ent
s
and
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
l
y
ap
pl
y
i
ng
pr
oj
e
c
t
m
anagem
ent
i
n S
M
E
s
w
i
t
h a f
oc
u
s
on
m
an
uf
a
c
t
ur
i
ng i
ndu
s
t
r
i
es
.
T
he o
r
gan
i
z
at
i
on of
t
he s
t
udy
w
a
s
m
ai
n
l
y
di
v
i
ded
i
nt
o t
he
ac
t
i
v
i
t
y
of
l
i
t
er
a
t
ur
e s
t
ud
y
an
d t
h
e i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
at
i
o
n t
hr
ou
gh a
s
ur
v
e
y
c
ond
uc
t
ai
m
ed t
o m
eas
ur
e
t
he aw
ar
ene
s
s
an
d i
m
pl
em
e
nt
at
i
on o
f
pr
oj
e
c
t
m
an
agem
e
nt
at
t
he
s
el
e
c
t
ed
S
M
E
s
i
n
M
al
ay
s
i
a
.
T
h
e
ques
t
i
on
nai
r
e w
as
de
s
i
g
ned
w
i
t
h a
s
e
c
t
i
o
n (
S
e
c
t
i
o
n A
)
i
n
v
ol
v
i
n
g pr
o
j
ec
t
m
anag
em
ent
i
n ge
ner
a
l
an
d
anot
h
er
s
ec
t
i
o
n
(
S
ec
t
i
on
B
)
i
n
v
ol
v
i
n
g
t
he
i
m
pl
em
ent
at
i
on
of
i
t
.
I
t
w
as
f
ound
t
h
at
t
h
e
l
ev
el
of
aw
ar
enes
s
and
i
m
pl
em
ent
at
i
on
of
pr
o
j
ec
t
m
anagem
e
nt
es
pec
i
al
l
y
i
n t
he
s
el
e
c
t
e
d s
m
al
l
and m
edi
u
m
m
anuf
ac
t
ur
i
ng
c
om
pani
es
i
n M
al
ay
s
i
a w
as
qui
t
e
s
at
i
s
f
y
i
n
g.
M
os
t
of
t
he
m
anuf
ac
t
ur
i
n
g c
om
pa
ni
e
s
w
e
r
e i
m
pl
em
ent
i
ng
pr
oj
e
c
t
m
ana
gem
ent
,
but
t
he
l
ev
el
w
as
depe
ndi
ng o
n t
h
e or
g
ani
z
at
i
on i
n t
he
c
om
pa
ny
i
t
s
el
f
.
K
eyw
o
r
d
s
:
P
r
oj
ec
t
m
anag
em
ent
,
M
anuf
ac
t
ur
i
n
g c
om
pani
es
,
S
m
al
l
t
o
M
edi
um
E
nt
er
pr
i
s
e
C
o
p
y
r
i
g
h
t
©
2
0
1
7
I
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
e
o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
.
A
l
l
r
i
g
h
t
s
r
e
s
e
r
v
e
d
.
1
.
I
n
tr
o
d
u
c
ti
o
n
P
r
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
w
as
i
n
i
t
i
al
l
y
de
v
e
l
op
ed
i
n
t
h
e he
av
y
e
ng
i
ne
er
i
n
g i
nd
us
t
r
ie
s
,
par
t
i
c
u
l
ar
l
y
c
o
ns
t
r
uc
t
i
o
n,
d
ef
ens
e,
aer
os
pac
e,
an
d s
hi
pb
ui
l
di
ng
[
1]
.
I
t
l
at
er
e
v
ol
v
ed t
o addr
es
s
s
m
al
l
er
pr
oj
ec
t
s
s
uc
h
as
m
edi
um
-
s
i
z
ed
pr
oj
ec
t
s
i
n
l
ar
ge
f
i
r
m
s
[
2]
.
P
r
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
c
an
be
def
i
ned
as
a
w
el
l
-
es
t
a
bl
i
s
h
ed d
i
s
c
i
pl
i
n
e t
h
at
a
i
ds
i
n
def
i
ni
ng,
pl
an a
nd
i
m
pl
em
ent
s
uc
c
es
s
f
ul
pr
oj
ec
t
s
.
I
t
i
s
a
s
i
gn
i
f
i
c
ant
c
o
m
ponent
bec
a
us
e
a
l
l
or
g
ani
z
at
i
o
ns
,
s
m
al
l
or
l
ar
g
e,
ar
e
i
n
v
o
l
v
ed
i
n
i
m
pl
em
ent
i
ng ne
w
pr
oc
ed
u
r
es
s
uc
h as
new
pr
o
duc
t
i
o
n l
i
n
e i
n a m
anuf
ac
t
ur
i
ng c
o
m
pan
y
,
t
h
e
i
m
pr
ov
em
ent
of
a ne
w
pr
oduc
t
or
s
er
v
i
c
e,
a m
aj
or
bui
l
d
i
ng
pr
ogr
am
,
and a
p
ubl
i
c
r
el
a
t
i
o
ns
pr
om
ot
i
on c
am
pai
gn.
P
r
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
ai
m
s
t
o
i
m
pr
ov
e
t
he
c
ur
r
ent
r
es
our
c
es
of
f
i
ni
s
hi
ng
t
h
e
w
or
k
as
s
i
gne
d t
o
t
he c
om
pan
y
.
T
o ens
ur
e t
hat
i
t
i
s
per
f
or
m
ed m
or
e s
m
oot
hl
y
t
hr
ou
gh
out
t
he s
y
s
t
em
,
pr
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
ap
pr
oac
h c
an h
el
p
,
an
d
i
t
r
e
qu
i
r
es
or
gan
i
z
at
i
o
ns
depar
t
m
ent
c
o
m
m
uni
c
at
i
on
.
Mor
r
i
s
[
1]
i
n
di
c
at
es
t
hat
t
h
e or
i
g
i
n
of
pr
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
c
o
m
es
f
r
o
m
t
he c
hem
i
c
al
i
nd
us
t
r
y
j
us
t
bef
or
e
W
or
l
d
W
ar
I
I
.
H
e
f
ur
t
her
obs
er
v
es
t
hat
pr
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
i
s
di
s
t
i
n
c
t
l
y
s
pec
i
f
i
ed as
a s
epar
at
e
di
s
c
i
pl
i
ne
i
n
t
he
A
t
l
as
m
i
s
s
i
l
e p
r
ogr
am
,
pec
ul
i
ar
l
y
i
n
t
he
P
o
l
ar
i
s
pr
oj
ec
t
.
I
n
t
h
e
m
i
ddl
e
of
t
he
t
w
e
nt
i
e
t
h
c
e
nt
ur
y
,
pr
oj
ec
t
s
w
er
e
ac
c
om
pl
i
s
hed
bas
e
d
on
a
n
i
m
pr
ov
i
s
ed b
as
i
s
ut
i
l
i
z
i
ng m
os
t
l
y
s
i
m
pl
e t
ec
hn
i
qu
es
,
t
o
ol
s
an
d G
ant
t
C
h
ar
t
s
.
T
he m
oder
n P
r
oj
ec
t
Mana
gem
ent
per
i
o
d be
g
an i
n 1
950
.
T
w
o s
c
i
ent
i
f
i
c
pr
oj
ec
t
dev
e
l
opm
ent
m
odel
s
w
er
e
es
t
abl
i
s
he
d
w
hi
c
h
ar
e
T
he P
r
ogr
am
E
v
a
l
uat
i
o
n a
nd
R
ev
i
e
w
T
ec
hni
q
ue
or
P
E
R
T
,
c
r
eat
ed b
y
Bo
o
z
-
A
l
l
en
&
H
am
i
l
t
o
n
and
T
he
C
r
i
t
i
c
al
P
at
h
M
et
h
od
(
C
P
M)
c
r
eat
ed
i
n
a
j
oi
nt
v
ent
ur
e
b
y
bot
h
D
uP
o
nt
C
or
por
at
i
o
n an
d
R
em
i
ngt
on
R
an
d C
or
p
o
r
at
i
on
f
or
m
anagi
ng
pl
an
t
m
ai
nt
ena
nc
e
pr
oj
ec
t
s
.
1
.
1
P
r
o
j
e
c
t M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t i
n
S
m
a
l
l
a
n
d
M
e
d
i
u
m
S
c
a
l
e
M
a
n
u
fa
c
tu
r
i
n
g
C
o
m
p
a
n
i
e
s
T
oda
y
,
s
m
al
l
a
nd
m
edi
u
m
s
c
al
e
en
t
er
pr
i
s
es
(
S
M
E
s
)
pl
a
y
an
es
s
en
t
i
al
r
ol
e
i
n
t
he
ec
onom
y
,
i
n t
er
m
s
o
f
bot
h em
pl
o
y
m
ent
an
d ec
on
om
i
c
dev
el
opm
ent
and
g
r
ow
t
h.
S
M
E
s
c
ons
i
s
t
ent
l
y
c
on
t
r
i
b
ut
ed t
o
t
he i
nc
r
em
ent
i
n t
he p
er
c
ent
ag
e of
gr
os
s
do
m
es
t
i
c
p
r
oduc
t
(
G
D
P
)
,
em
pl
o
y
m
ent
s
har
e r
os
e,
an
d ex
por
t
s
.
S
M
E
s
c
ont
r
i
but
e
d 36.
3%
t
o
G
D
P
i
n
201
5 f
r
om
onl
y
b
el
o
w
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
25
02
-
4
752
I
J
E
EC
S
V
o
l.
8
,
N
o.
2,
N
o
v
em
ber
2017
:
541
–
5
45
542
30%
i
n
200
5
w
hi
l
e
t
he
em
pl
o
y
m
ent
s
har
e
r
os
e
f
r
o
m
8.
7%
t
o
5
6.
8%
i
n
2
005,
t
o
65.
5%
i
n
2
015.
I
n ad
di
t
i
o
n,
ex
p
or
t
s
s
ho
w
e
d
bet
t
er
gr
o
w
t
h m
o
m
ent
um
f
r
om
16.
4%
i
n
201
0 t
o
17.
6
%
i
n
201
5.
F
or
S
ME
s
c
om
pan
y
,
c
om
p
et
i
t
i
v
enes
s
and
qua
l
i
t
y
s
ho
ul
d b
e
bu
i
l
t
t
o m
at
c
h or
s
ur
pas
s
t
he r
i
v
a
l
r
y
i
n
t
hi
s
c
om
pet
i
t
i
v
e p
er
i
o
d.
H
er
e,
pr
oj
ec
t
m
anag
em
ent
i
s
t
he
go
l
de
n k
e
y
r
e
qui
r
ed t
o
per
f
or
m
an ex
c
el
l
ent
r
ol
e i
n t
he m
anagem
ent
and gr
o
w
t
h of
S
M
E
s
ec
onom
y
.
P
r
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
benef
i
t
s
S
M
E
s
t
he
m
os
t
i
n
t
hei
r
ec
onom
i
c
al
par
t
.
S
M
E
s
f
ai
l
ur
e
r
at
es
dec
l
i
ne
i
n
an
ec
onom
i
c
s
y
s
t
em
t
hat
pr
ac
t
i
c
e pr
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
[
3]
.
1
.
2
C
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
i
n
th
e
I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
ta
ti
o
n
o
f P
r
o
j
e
c
t M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t a
t
S
M
E
s
P
r
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
ben
ef
i
t
s
S
ME
s
t
he
m
os
t
i
n
t
hei
r
ec
o
nom
i
c
al
par
t
.
P
r
o
bl
em
s
r
egar
di
ng
pr
oj
ec
t
m
anage
m
ent
i
n S
ME
s
m
us
t
be
i
t
e
m
i
z
ed
al
ong
w
i
t
h
i
t
s
w
a
y
f
o
r
w
ar
d
i
n or
d
er
t
o
s
uppor
t
S
M
E
s
be
t
he
g
ol
d
e
n
k
e
y
t
o
ec
onom
i
c
gr
ow
t
h
.
T
he
w
a
y
f
or
w
ar
d
or
t
he
s
ol
ut
i
o
ns
c
an
be
app
l
i
e
d i
n
S
M
E
s
oper
at
i
o
ns
i
s
a s
t
eppi
ng s
t
on
e t
o
S
ME
s
t
o r
i
s
e and
al
s
o e
l
i
m
i
nat
e a
l
l
t
he
pr
obl
em
s
i
n appl
y
i
ng
pr
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
i
n
S
M
E
s
.
I
n t
he abs
e
nc
e of
es
s
ent
i
al
m
anagem
ent
f
r
a
m
ew
or
k
s
,
t
ec
hnol
ogi
es
,
t
oo
l
s
and
w
i
de
l
y
ac
c
ept
ed
s
t
an
dar
ds
of
pr
a
c
t
i
c
e,
m
an
y
S
M
E
pr
oj
ec
t
s
hav
e ei
t
her
f
ai
l
ed
or
be
en aban
don
ed.
A
s
et
of
ar
eas
f
oc
us
i
ng on
S
ME
s
pr
o
b
l
em
s
w
er
e e
nl
i
s
t
ed.
I
t
v
ar
i
es
f
r
o
m
c
o
m
m
on
m
anagem
ent
pr
obl
em
s
,
f
i
nanc
es
,
l
ac
k
of
k
now
l
e
dge
,
pr
ob
l
em
aw
ar
enes
s
,
l
a
bor
m
obi
l
i
t
y
,
a
nd t
he
l
ac
k
o
f
ex
per
i
e
nc
es
.
T
hus
,
i
t
i
s
ur
gent
t
o e
l
i
m
i
nat
e
t
he
pr
ob
l
em
s
and c
ar
r
y
o
ut
t
h
e ef
f
ec
t
i
v
e pr
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
b
y
pr
o
p
os
i
n
g
t
he s
o
l
ut
i
ons
t
o s
ol
v
e
t
he
i
s
s
ues
.
S
M
E
s
f
ai
l
ur
e r
at
es
dec
l
i
n
e i
n an ec
onom
i
c
s
y
s
t
em
t
hat
pr
ac
t
i
c
e pr
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
e
nt
[
3]
.
I
n
t
he
abs
enc
e
of
es
s
ent
i
al
m
anagem
ent
f
r
a
m
ew
or
k
s
,
t
ec
hno
l
og
i
es
,
t
o
ol
s
a
nd
w
i
del
y
ac
c
ept
e
d
s
t
andar
ds
of
pr
ac
t
i
c
e,
m
any
S
ME
pr
oj
ec
t
s
ha
v
e
ei
t
he
r
f
ai
l
ed
or
be
en
aba
ndo
ne
d.
T
o ac
hi
e
v
e
ec
onom
i
c
dev
el
o
pm
ent
an
d gr
o
w
t
h,
S
M
E
s
s
hou
l
d d
ev
o
t
e t
hr
ee p
er
c
ent
of
t
he
i
r
t
ur
no
v
er
on
i
nn
ov
at
i
on.
N
e
v
er
t
h
el
es
s
,
s
uc
c
es
s
f
ul
i
nno
v
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
n
ot
a s
i
m
pl
e
t
as
k
f
or
S
ME
s
[
4]
.
S
m
al
l
f
i
r
m
s
hav
e
q
ui
t
e
a
f
e
w
d
i
s
ad
v
an
t
ages
i
n
i
nno
v
a
t
i
o
n
s
uc
h
as
l
i
m
i
t
ed
c
as
h
f
l
o
w
,
l
o
w
po
ol
of
k
now
l
ed
ge
and s
k
i
l
l
s
,
a
nd
a s
m
al
l
v
a
l
u
e of
s
al
es
o
v
er
w
hi
c
h
t
o s
pr
ead
i
nn
ov
at
i
on c
os
t
s
[
5
]
.
T
he ai
m
of
t
hi
s
paper
i
s
t
o
i
dent
i
f
y
t
h
e pr
o
bl
em
ex
t
ent
s
and
s
uc
c
es
s
f
ul
l
y
a
pp
l
y
i
ng
pr
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
en
t
i
n S
M
E
s
w
i
t
h a f
oc
us
on m
anuf
ac
t
ur
i
ng i
ndus
t
r
i
es
,
as
w
e
l
l
as
t
o r
ec
om
m
end
s
ol
ut
i
ons
a
nd
w
a
y
s
f
or
w
ar
d
aga
i
ns
t
i
de
nt
i
f
i
e
d pr
o
bl
em
ex
t
ent
s
.
2.
R
e
sea
r
ch
M
et
h
o
d
T
he
or
gani
z
at
i
on
of
t
he
s
t
ud
y
w
as
m
ai
nl
y
d
i
v
i
de
d
i
nt
o
t
he
ac
t
i
v
i
t
y
of
l
i
t
er
a
t
ur
e
s
t
u
d
y
an
d
t
he
i
nv
es
t
i
gat
i
on
t
hr
ou
gh
a s
ur
v
e
y
c
on
duc
t
.
Li
t
er
at
u
r
e r
e
s
ear
c
h
w
as
p
ur
s
ued
t
o un
der
s
t
an
d
bet
t
er
t
h
e c
onc
ept
of
pr
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
,
f
r
o
m
t
he r
el
at
ed b
ook
s
,
j
our
nal
s
,
r
es
ear
c
h pap
er
s
,
di
s
s
er
t
at
i
ons
,
ar
t
i
c
l
e,
i
nt
er
n
et
-
bas
ed
ar
t
i
c
l
es
a
nd a
n
y
r
el
at
ed t
op
i
c
s
t
o t
he
addr
es
s
ed t
er
m
s
.
T
he
s
ur
v
e
y
w
as
a
i
m
ed t
o m
eas
ur
e t
h
e a
w
ar
enes
s
a
nd
i
m
pl
em
ent
at
i
on of
pr
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
at
t
he
s
el
ec
t
ed
S
M
Es
i
n M
al
a
y
s
i
a,
w
i
t
h
c
har
ac
t
er
i
s
t
i
c
s
l
i
s
t
e
d i
n T
abl
e 1
.
T
he s
el
ec
t
ed c
om
pani
es
w
er
e al
l
i
n t
he
dom
ai
n of
m
a
nuf
ac
t
ur
i
ng
-
r
e
l
at
ed s
er
v
i
c
es
.
T
h
ey
w
er
e l
oc
at
ed at
P
ah
ang a
nd S
ar
a
w
ak
,
and w
er
e s
e
l
ec
t
ed b
as
ed o
n t
he c
at
e
gor
y
m
ade b
y
SM
E
s
C
or
por
at
i
on Mal
a
y
s
i
a
,
a c
ent
r
al
c
oor
di
n
at
i
ng a
genc
y
u
nder
t
h
e Mi
ni
s
t
r
y
o
f
I
nt
er
nat
i
o
na
l
T
r
ade and I
n
dus
t
r
y
Mal
a
y
s
i
a t
ha
t
f
or
m
ul
at
es
o
v
er
al
l
pol
i
c
i
es
a
nd s
t
r
at
e
gi
es
f
or
S
M
E
s
a
nd
c
oor
di
n
at
es
t
h
e i
m
pl
em
ent
at
i
o
n
of
dev
el
opm
ent
pr
o
gr
am
s
ac
r
os
s
al
l
r
el
at
ed
m
i
ni
s
t
r
i
es
and
agenc
i
es
.
T
he po
pu
l
at
i
on s
i
z
e c
hos
en
i
s
5
0 bec
a
us
e t
her
e ar
e
c
om
pani
es
t
h
at
h
av
e
t
he
i
r
po
l
i
c
y
not
t
o c
om
pl
y
t
o s
ur
v
e
y
f
r
om
out
s
i
de t
he
i
r
i
ndus
t
r
y
.
T
abl
e 1.
T
he c
har
ac
t
er
i
s
t
i
c
s
of
s
el
ec
t
ed s
m
al
l
t
o m
edi
um
s
c
al
e ent
er
pr
i
s
es
C
ount
r
y
M
al
ay
s
i
a
S
ta
t
e
P
ahang and S
ar
aw
ak
M
ai
n c
har
ac
t
er
i
s
t
i
c
s
•
S
m
al
l
and
m
edi
u
m
en
t
er
pr
i
s
e
•
M
anuf
ac
t
ur
i
ng r
el
at
ed
s
er
v
i
c
e
s
O
t
her
c
har
a
c
t
er
i
s
t
i
c
s
•
Loc
at
ed ba
s
ed i
n
P
ahang and
S
ar
aw
ak
onl
y
•
R
egi
s
t
er
ed w
i
t
h S
M
E
C
or
por
at
i
on
M
al
ay
s
i
a
•
N
o
t
s
ta
te
-
ow
ned ent
er
pr
i
s
e
•
N
ot
s
ub
s
i
di
ar
i
e
s
o
f
:
o
P
ubl
i
c
l
i
s
t
ed
c
o
m
pani
es
on
t
he
m
a
i
n boar
d
o
M
ul
t
i
nat
i
onal
c
or
por
at
i
ons
(
M
N
C
)
o
G
ov
er
nm
ent
-
l
i
n
k
ed c
o
m
pani
e
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
EC
S
IS
S
N
:
2
502
-
4
752
I
nt
egr
a
t
ed E
n
gi
neer
i
ng P
r
o
j
ec
t
M
an
age
me
nt
A
ppr
o
ac
h
f
or
…
(
E
r
r
y
Y
ul
i
an
T
r
i
bl
as
A
des
ta
)
543
T
he ques
t
i
o
nna
i
r
e
w
as
d
e
s
i
gne
d
w
i
t
h t
w
o
m
ai
n
s
ec
t
i
ons
.
T
he f
i
r
s
t
s
ec
t
i
on (
S
ec
t
i
on
A
)
i
n
v
ol
v
es
pr
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
i
n g
ener
a
l
a
nd t
he s
ec
ond s
ec
t
i
on (
S
ec
t
i
on
B
)
i
n
v
ol
v
ed t
h
e
i
m
pl
em
ent
at
i
on
of
pr
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
.
S
ec
t
i
on
B
w
as
m
ul
t
i
p
l
e
c
ho
i
c
e
qu
es
t
i
o
n
s
and
al
s
o
f
i
v
e
-
poi
nt
s
c
al
ed
qu
es
t
i
o
ns
o
n t
h
e
i
m
pl
em
ent
at
i
on
of
pr
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
.
F
i
v
e
s
c
al
e
p
oi
n
t
s
ques
t
i
ons
w
er
e
di
v
i
de
d
i
nt
o
:
1
=
ne
v
er
m
et
,
2
=
s
e
l
do
m
m
et
,
3
=
s
om
et
i
m
es
m
et
,
4
=
of
t
en
m
et
and
5 =
a
l
w
a
y
s
m
et
w
er
e
d
ev
e
l
o
ped f
or
t
h
e pr
oj
ec
t
go
al
s
.
A
s
i
m
i
l
ar
m
et
hod
w
as
adop
t
ed f
or
t
h
e
i
m
por
t
anc
e of
t
he s
uc
c
es
s
c
r
i
t
er
i
a
w
her
e t
he p
oi
nt
s
ar
e:
1
=
no
t
i
m
por
t
ant
,
2 =
s
l
i
ght
l
y
i
m
por
t
ant
,
3 =
i
m
por
t
ant
,
4 =
f
ai
r
l
y
i
m
por
t
ant
and
5 =
v
er
y
i
m
por
t
ant
.
T
o ens
ur
e t
hat
t
h
e s
et
of
ques
t
i
o
ns
i
s
ef
f
ec
t
i
v
e,
c
l
ear
an
d m
eet
s
t
he obj
ec
t
i
v
es
,
i
t
w
as
r
ev
i
e
w
ed
b
y
ac
a
dem
i
c
i
ans
.
T
he c
hoi
c
e
of
r
ev
i
e
w
er
s
w
er
e
ac
ad
em
i
c
i
ans
f
r
o
m
I
nt
er
nat
i
o
na
l
I
s
l
am
i
c
U
ni
v
er
s
i
t
y
M
al
a
y
s
i
a (
I
I
U
M
)
.
T
he ques
t
i
on
na
i
r
e
w
as
di
s
t
r
i
but
e
d,
t
ar
g
et
i
ng
t
he
s
p
ec
i
f
i
c
t
y
p
e of
r
es
pondent
w
i
t
h
good
c
o
m
pr
ehens
i
o
n i
n pr
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
and on eng
i
n
eer
pos
i
t
i
on
,
t
hus
m
eet
i
ng t
he obj
ec
t
i
v
es
of
t
he s
t
u
d
y
.
T
he dat
a f
r
o
m
t
he f
i
ndi
ngs
w
er
e c
on
v
er
t
ed
t
o num
er
i
c
al
da
t
a as
i
t
i
s
m
or
e appr
opr
i
at
e t
o
al
l
o
w
bet
t
er
under
s
t
a
nd
i
n
g
and
ef
f
i
c
i
enc
y
.
T
he
dat
a
c
ol
l
ec
t
i
on
w
as
bas
e
d
on
quant
i
t
a
t
i
v
e
ana
l
y
s
i
s
w
her
e t
he
dat
a
w
as
obt
a
i
n
ed f
r
om
s
ur
v
e
y
q
ues
t
i
o
nna
i
r
es
a
nd
w
as
de
s
i
gne
d
w
i
t
h a
f
oc
us
on pr
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
and
S
ME
s
.
T
he c
o
l
l
ec
t
ed
dat
a
w
er
e
t
h
en
ana
l
y
z
ed us
i
ng
I
B
M
S
t
at
i
s
t
i
c
a
l
P
ac
k
age f
or
S
oc
i
al
S
c
i
enc
e (
S
P
S
S
)
v
23 s
of
t
w
ar
e t
o
ens
ur
e
t
he r
el
i
ab
i
l
i
t
y
of
t
he
dat
a.
3.
R
e
su
l
t
s
a
n
d
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
B
as
ed o
n t
he
r
es
pons
e r
at
e f
r
o
m
45 r
es
ponden
t
s
,
f
i
v
e
r
es
ponden
t
s
w
er
e
(
11.
11
%
of
t
he
t
ot
a
l
45 r
es
p
ond
ent
s
)
i
n
m
anuf
ac
t
ur
i
ng
and s
m
al
l
an
d m
edi
um
ent
er
pr
i
s
e
s
(
S
ME
s
)
t
ha
t
r
es
pond
ed
t
o
t
he
qu
es
t
i
o
nn
ai
r
e.
T
hi
s
s
ec
t
i
on
ex
p
l
a
i
ne
d
t
he
r
es
u
l
t
s
of
r
es
ear
c
h
an
d
at
t
he
s
am
e
t
im
e
is
g
iv
en t
he c
om
pr
ehe
ns
i
v
e d
i
s
c
us
s
i
on
.
3.
1.
R
el
i
ab
i
l
i
t
y
T
est
R
el
i
ab
i
l
i
t
y
t
es
t
w
as
don
e
i
n
al
l
ar
eas
of
s
t
ud
y
b
y
S
P
S
S
s
of
t
w
ar
e
a
nd
v
a
l
ue
of
C
r
onbac
h
’
s
A
l
ph
a.
R
e
l
i
ab
i
l
i
t
y
i
s
an
ab
i
l
i
t
y
of
a m
eas
ur
em
ent
t
o ac
hi
e
v
e c
ons
i
s
t
ent
r
es
ul
t
s
.
U
s
i
n
g
t
he s
am
e obj
ec
t
i
v
es
,
r
el
i
a
bi
l
i
t
y
t
es
t
i
s
t
h
e m
eas
ur
e of
c
ons
i
s
t
enc
y
a
nd
w
het
her
t
h
e s
am
e r
es
ul
t
s
c
an be
obt
ai
n
ed t
w
i
c
e
ov
er
a per
i
od.
C
r
on
bac
h [
6]
i
nt
r
oduc
ed
t
he
m
eas
ur
e
m
ent
us
ed t
o
as
s
es
s
t
he r
el
i
a
bi
l
i
t
y
,
i
nt
er
na
l
c
ons
i
s
t
enc
y
and
a s
et
of
s
c
al
e.
I
n
ot
h
er
w
or
ds
,
t
h
e r
el
i
a
b
i
lit
y
o
f
a
g
iv
e
n
m
eas
ur
e
m
ent
r
ef
er
s
t
o t
he ex
t
en
t
t
o
w
h
i
c
h
i
t
i
s
a
c
ons
i
s
t
ent
m
eas
ur
e of
a c
onc
ept
,
an
d
C
r
onbac
h
’
s
A
l
ph
a
i
s
one
w
a
y
of
m
eas
ur
i
ng t
he s
t
r
en
gt
h of
t
hat
c
o
ns
i
s
t
enc
y
.
S
ec
t
i
on
A
h
as
i
t
s
f
our
i
t
em
s
i
n t
h
e
q
ues
t
i
onn
ai
r
e
pr
od
uc
i
ng
bot
h 0.
800
on C
r
o
nb
ac
h’
s
A
l
p
ha
an
d C
r
o
nb
ac
h’
s
A
l
pha
bas
e
d o
n s
t
a
ndar
di
z
ed
i
t
em
s
,
r
es
pec
t
i
v
el
y
.
T
hi
s
s
ec
t
i
o
n
al
s
o
gener
at
ed
a m
ean v
al
ue of
6.
00,
0.
50
0 f
or
v
ar
i
a
nc
e an
d 0.
70
7 f
or
t
he s
t
and
ar
d de
v
i
at
i
on.
I
n t
hi
s
s
ec
t
i
on,
a
t
ot
al
of
f
our
i
t
em
s
pr
oduc
ed
C
r
onb
ac
h’
s
A
l
pha
of
0.
8
w
h
i
c
h i
s
t
he
ac
c
ept
ab
l
e
v
a
l
ue
bas
ed o
n a s
t
ud
y
don
e b
y
T
av
ak
ol
and D
enn
i
c
k
[
7]
.
I
f
a l
ow
er
v
a
l
ue
of
C
r
onba
c
h A
l
p
ha
w
as
obt
a
i
ne
d,
t
h
e
ques
t
i
on
i
n
s
ec
t
i
on
A
s
hou
l
d
b
e
r
ev
i
s
ed
or
di
s
c
ar
ded.
I
f
A
l
p
ha
’
s
v
a
l
ue
i
s
t
oo
hi
gh,
t
he q
ues
t
i
ons
m
a
y
be r
e
du
ndan
t
,
i
.
e.
,
r
e
pea
t
ed
i
n
i
n
a
di
f
f
er
ent
s
t
at
em
ent
.
I
n s
ec
t
i
o
n B
,
num
ber
of
i
t
em
s
w
as
b
as
ed o
n a
l
l
qu
es
t
i
ons
i
n t
hat
s
ec
t
i
on
.
C
r
onbac
h
A
l
p
ha
and
C
r
onb
ac
h A
l
p
h
a’
s
bas
e
d o
n s
t
an
dar
di
z
e
d i
t
em
s
gener
at
ed t
he
v
a
l
ues
0.
6
31 a
nd
0.
54
2,
r
es
pec
t
i
v
e
l
y
.
F
or
al
l
ques
t
i
o
ns
i
n
t
hi
s
s
e
c
t
i
o
n,
t
he
v
a
l
u
e
of
t
he
m
ean
w
as
35.
2
0,
10.
2
00
f
or
a
v
ar
i
anc
e
a
nd
t
h
e
s
t
an
dar
d
de
v
i
at
i
on
w
as
3.
19
4.
S
i
nc
e
t
he
C
r
o
nbac
h
A
l
p
ha
f
al
l
s
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
ac
c
ept
ab
l
e
r
ang
e,
t
hus
i
t
w
as
c
onf
i
r
m
ed
t
hat
t
he
i
n
t
er
nal
c
ons
i
s
t
e
nc
y
of
t
he
qu
e
s
t
i
on
i
n
s
ec
t
i
on
B
i
s
r
e
l
i
abl
e f
or
al
l
d
at
a
ana
l
y
s
i
s
.
3.
2.
D
at
a
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
T
her
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
m
odel
s
t
o
def
i
ne
t
he
c
r
i
t
i
c
al
s
uc
c
es
s
f
ac
t
or
s
o
f
a
pr
oj
ec
t
.
F
our
w
er
e
us
ed i
n t
hi
s
s
t
ud
y
:
t
he
P
i
n
t
o’
s
m
odel
,
K
er
z
ner
’
s
m
odel
,
B
e
l
as
s
i
a
nd T
uk
el
’
s
m
o
del
.
A
l
l
of
t
he
r
es
pond
ent
s
ha
v
e
he
ar
d
about
t
h
e
p
r
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
c
onc
ept
an
d
100
%
of
t
he
r
es
pond
ent
s
w
hi
c
h
i
nc
l
ud
ed
al
l
s
ur
v
e
y
e
d
c
om
pani
es
ha
v
e
i
m
pl
em
ent
ed
pr
oj
ec
t
m
anag
em
ent
i
n
t
he
i
r
c
o
m
pani
es
.
H
o
w
e
v
er
,
o
nl
y
80%
of
t
hem
(
4/
5)
r
es
pond
ent
s
agr
e
ed t
h
at
t
he
pr
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
i
s
v
er
y
i
m
por
t
ant
t
o t
he c
o
m
p
an
y
per
f
or
m
anc
e.
I
n t
er
m
s
of
t
ool
s
,
t
h
e
l
ar
ges
t
per
c
ent
(
27%
)
w
hi
c
h
i
s
eq
ual
t
o
3 r
es
p
ond
ent
s
e
ac
h,
hav
e
s
el
ec
t
ed
pr
oj
ec
t
p
l
an
ni
ng
a
nd
pr
oj
ec
t
t
eam
s
as
pr
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
t
ool
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
y
ar
e
f
am
i
l
i
ar
w
i
t
h.
T
he s
ec
ond s
har
e,
(
1
8.
2%
)
,
w
hi
c
h i
nc
l
u
ded t
w
o r
es
p
ond
ent
s
eac
h,
c
hos
e G
ant
t
c
har
t
s
and
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
25
02
-
4
752
I
J
E
EC
S
V
o
l.
8
,
N
o.
2,
N
o
v
em
ber
2017
:
541
–
5
45
544
pr
oj
ec
t
c
ont
r
o
l
.
T
he
l
as
t
on
e,
w
h
i
c
h
w
as
o
ne r
es
pon
de
nt
(
9.
1 %
)
s
e
l
ec
t
e
d c
r
i
t
i
c
al
pat
h
m
et
hod t
o
des
c
r
i
be
pr
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
t
ool
s
t
hat
t
he
y
ar
e
f
am
i
l
i
ar
w
i
t
h
.
T
he
pr
oj
ec
t
s
c
hedul
e and b
udge
t
ed pl
a
n w
er
e pr
oba
bl
y
on
e
of
t
he m
os
t
i
m
por
t
ant
f
ac
t
or
i
n a pr
oj
ec
t
.
B
as
ed o
n t
h
e s
ur
v
e
y
,
i
n t
er
m
s
of
t
he
budg
et
ed
pl
a
n f
or
a pr
oj
ec
t
,
80%
(
4/
5)
r
es
pond
ent
s
c
ons
i
d
er
ed t
h
at
t
hei
r
c
om
pan
y
of
t
en m
et
t
he bu
dget
p
l
a
n,
but
t
h
e on
e r
es
ponde
nt
s
(
20%
)
s
t
at
ed
t
ha
t
t
h
ei
r
pr
oj
ec
t
s
al
w
a
y
s
m
et
t
h
e b
udg
et
ac
c
or
di
n
g t
o
pl
an.
I
n
t
er
m
s
of
s
c
hedul
e
,
t
hr
e
e
r
es
pond
ent
s
(
60
%
)
r
at
ed
on
s
c
al
e
t
hr
e
e
s
i
nc
e
t
he
i
r
p
r
oj
ec
t
s
m
et
t
he s
c
hedul
ed g
oal
s
s
om
et
i
m
es
.
O
ne r
es
ponden
t
(
20%
)
s
t
at
ed t
ha
t
t
he
y
of
t
en m
et
t
hei
r
goa
l
s
and
t
he
hi
ghes
t
s
c
al
e
(
a
l
w
a
y
s
m
et
)
w
as
r
ec
or
d
ed
b
y
one
r
es
pon
den
t
(
20%
)
.
T
i
m
e
es
t
i
m
at
i
on t
o c
om
pl
et
e pr
oj
ec
t
l
ea
ds
t
he
ov
er
al
l
qu
es
t
i
on
i
n s
ec
t
i
on
B
w
hi
c
h
i
n
v
ol
v
e
d t
h
e
i
m
pl
em
ent
at
i
on
of
pr
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
.
‘
I
r
on
T
r
i
angl
e’
al
s
o
i
nc
l
ud
es
t
h
e
l
i
f
e
c
y
c
l
e’
s
el
em
ent
s
of
pr
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
w
h
i
c
h ar
e pl
a
nni
n
g,
m
oni
t
or
i
n
g,
a
nd c
ont
r
ol
.
I
t
c
om
pr
i
s
es
of
al
l
as
p
ec
t
s
of
a
pr
oj
ec
t
t
o ac
hi
e
v
e
t
he o
bj
e
c
t
i
v
es
o
n
t
i
m
e,
w
i
t
hi
n
es
t
i
m
at
ed
c
os
t
and
al
s
o m
eet
t
he
qu
al
i
t
y
and
per
f
or
m
anc
e
[
8]
.
T
he
r
es
p
ond
of
t
he
c
om
pani
es
t
o
w
ar
ds
t
he
qu
es
t
i
o
n
of
s
c
hed
ul
e
an
d
b
udg
e
t
c
an be s
e
e
n f
r
om
F
i
gur
e 1.
F
i
gur
e
1.
C
om
pani
es
r
es
po
nd o
v
er
B
ud
get
and
S
c
h
ed
ul
e f
ac
t
or
s
i
n
pr
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
I
n t
er
m
s
of
per
f
or
m
anc
e,
t
he l
eas
t
per
c
ent
(
2
0%
)
w
hi
c
h ex
pr
es
s
ed o
ne r
es
po
nden
t
r
at
ed
t
hat
t
h
ei
r
pr
oj
ec
t
s
s
o
m
et
i
m
es
m
et
t
he p
er
f
or
m
a
nc
e go
al
s
ac
c
or
di
n
g t
o t
he
pl
an.
O
n t
he
ot
her
h
and
,
bo
t
h s
c
al
e 4 (
o
f
t
en m
et
)
and 5 (
al
w
a
y
s
m
et
)
s
ho
w
ed t
he s
am
e v
a
l
ue (
40%
)
w
h
i
c
h i
s
c
or
r
es
pondi
ng t
o t
w
o r
es
po
nden
t
s
eac
h
on b
ot
h s
c
a
l
es
.
I
n t
er
m
s
of
t
op
m
anagem
ent
s
upp
or
t
c
r
i
t
er
i
a as
s
uc
c
es
s
c
r
i
t
er
i
a,
6
0%
of
r
es
po
nden
t
s
w
hi
c
h i
s
t
hr
ee r
es
po
nde
nt
s
c
hos
e t
op m
anagem
ent
c
r
i
t
er
i
a i
s
f
ai
r
l
y
i
m
por
t
ant
t
o t
he
i
r
pr
oj
ec
t
s
and
or
g
an
i
z
at
i
on.
T
he
l
ar
ges
t
s
c
al
e
(
s
c
al
e
5)
w
as
obt
a
i
ne
d
f
r
o
m
40%
(
t
w
o
r
es
ponde
nt
s
)
bel
i
e
v
ed
t
h
at
t
op
m
anage
m
ent
c
r
i
t
er
i
a
ar
e
v
er
y
i
m
por
t
ant
f
or
t
h
e
s
uc
c
es
s
of
t
h
ei
r
pr
oj
ec
t
s
and
or
gan
i
z
at
i
on.
P
i
nt
o
’
s
m
odel
t
op
m
anagem
ent
s
upp
or
t
w
as
l
i
s
t
e
d as
o
ne of
t
h
e
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
s
uc
c
es
s
f
ac
t
or
s
i
n
pr
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
.
K
er
z
ner
’
s
m
odel
i
s
us
i
ng
ex
ec
u
t
i
v
e
c
om
m
i
t
m
ent
and
l
e
ader
s
h
i
p
appr
o
ac
h t
h
at
w
as
pr
es
um
ed as
t
op
m
anagem
ent
s
uppor
t
f
r
om
t
he ex
ec
ut
i
v
e a
nd
l
ea
der
s
hi
p
w
or
ds
.
B
el
as
s
i
an
d T
uk
el
’
s
m
odel
c
at
eg
or
i
z
ed
t
he
f
ac
t
or
s
r
el
at
ed t
o t
h
e pr
oj
ec
t
m
anager
,
t
he
t
eam
m
e
m
ber
s
,
and
or
ga
ni
z
at
i
on
.
E
v
er
y
s
i
ng
l
e
d
et
a
i
l
di
s
c
us
s
ed
i
n
t
hr
ee
m
odel
s
ex
pl
a
i
ne
d
t
he
t
op
m
anagem
ent
s
uppor
t
.
I
t
i
s
a
s
t
r
ong
ar
gum
ent
as
a
c
r
i
t
i
c
al
s
uc
c
es
s
f
ac
t
or
t
hat
w
oul
d
ha
v
e
a
huge
i
nf
l
u
enc
e
on t
he
i
m
pl
em
ent
at
i
on of
pr
oj
ec
t
m
anag
em
ent
.
I
n t
er
m
s
o
f
c
l
ear
goal
s
an
d obj
ec
t
i
v
es
,
8
0%
w
h
i
c
h r
epr
es
ent
s
f
our
r
es
pon
dent
s
,
r
at
e
d
f
or
c
l
ear
go
al
s
a
nd
obj
ec
t
i
v
es
t
o
be
f
ai
r
l
y
i
m
por
t
a
nt
as
s
uc
c
es
s
c
r
i
t
er
i
a
f
or
pr
oj
ec
t
s
and
or
gan
i
z
at
i
on
bas
e
d o
n T
abl
e 1.
T
he r
em
ai
ni
n
g
one
r
es
pond
ent
(
20%
)
r
at
ed
t
h
at
c
l
ear
g
oal
s
an
d
obj
ec
t
i
v
es
i
s
v
er
y
i
m
por
t
ant
as
s
uc
c
es
s
c
r
i
t
er
i
a.
T
o
ac
hi
e
v
e
pr
ec
i
s
e
go
al
s
an
d
ob
j
ec
t
i
v
es
,
p
l
ans
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
EC
S
IS
S
N
:
2
502
-
4
752
I
nt
egr
a
t
ed E
n
gi
neer
i
ng P
r
o
j
ec
t
M
an
age
me
nt
A
ppr
o
ac
h
f
or
…
(
E
r
r
y
Y
ul
i
an
T
r
i
bl
as
A
des
ta
)
545
s
houl
d be per
f
or
m
ed.
P
l
an
n
i
n
g i
s
one of
t
he as
pec
t
s
of
t
he pr
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
l
i
f
ec
y
c
l
e,
a
nd i
t
s
ho
w
s
t
hat
t
he
y
ha
d i
m
pl
em
ent
ed pr
oj
ec
t
m
anage
m
ent
bas
ed on pr
oj
ec
t
pl
ann
i
ng.
P
r
oj
ec
t
m
i
s
s
i
on
i
n
P
i
nt
o
’
s
m
odel
,
a
c
l
ear
u
nder
s
t
an
di
ng
of
pr
o
j
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
i
n
K
er
z
n
er
’
s
m
odel
an
d
f
ac
t
or
s
r
el
at
ed t
o t
he
pr
oj
ec
t
f
r
o
m
B
el
as
s
i
an
d T
uk
el
’
s
m
odel
,
ar
e a
l
l
i
nc
l
ude
d i
n c
l
ear
go
al
s
a
nd
obj
ec
t
i
v
e s
uc
c
es
s
c
r
i
t
er
i
a.
I
n t
er
m
s
of
i
m
por
t
ant
p
l
a
nn
i
ng a
nd c
o
nt
r
o
l
,
8
0%
(
4
r
es
pond
ent
s
)
s
om
ew
h
at
agr
ee
d t
h
at
pl
a
nni
ng
and
c
ont
r
o
l
=
ar
e
v
er
y
i
m
por
t
ant
f
or
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
pr
oj
ec
t
s
and
or
gan
i
z
at
i
o
n (
s
c
al
e 5
-
ve
r
y
i
m
por
t
ant
)
.
W
hi
l
e,
2
0%
(
o
ne r
es
po
nde
nt
s
)
t
hou
ght
t
hat
p
l
an
ni
ng a
nd c
on
t
r
ol
i
s
r
el
at
i
v
e
l
y
not
i
m
por
t
ant
as
s
uc
c
es
s
c
r
i
t
er
i
a.
A
c
c
or
d
i
ng
t
o
P
i
nt
o’
s
m
o
del
,
t
he
y
s
t
at
e
d
t
hat
pr
oj
ec
t
pr
opos
al
and
s
c
hedul
e w
er
e t
he
i
r
cr
i
t
i
ca
l
su
cce
ss
f
a
ct
o
r
s i
n
t
h
e
i
r
m
o
d
e
l
.
K
e
r
z
n
e
r
’
s cr
i
t
i
ca
l
su
cce
ss
f
a
ct
o
r
s
w
er
e t
he s
i
x
t
h
poi
nt
s
w
hi
c
h dem
ons
t
r
at
ed
a
c
om
m
i
t
m
ent
t
o pl
ann
i
ng
and c
on
t
r
ol
.
B
e
l
as
s
i
a
nd
T
u
k
el
’
s
[
9]
i
nc
l
ud
ed f
ac
t
or
s
r
el
at
ed t
o t
he pr
oj
ec
t
a
nd al
l
i
nd
eed c
ou
l
d be
l
i
s
t
ed as
c
r
i
t
ic
a
l
su
cce
ss f
a
ct
o
r
s.
4
.
C
o
n
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
T
he l
ev
el
of
a
w
ar
e
nes
s
a
nd
i
m
pl
em
ent
at
i
on
of
pr
oj
e
c
t
m
anagem
ent
es
pec
i
a
l
l
y
i
n
t
he
s
el
ec
t
ed
s
m
al
l
an
d
m
edi
um
m
anuf
ac
t
ur
i
ng
c
om
pani
es
i
n
Ma
l
a
y
s
i
a
w
as
qui
t
e
s
a
t
i
s
f
y
i
ng.
Mos
t
of
t
he
m
anuf
ac
t
ur
i
ng
c
om
pani
es
w
er
e
i
m
pl
em
ent
i
ng
pr
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
,
but
t
he
l
ev
el
w
as
depe
nd
i
ng o
n t
he or
gan
i
z
a
t
i
on
i
n t
h
e c
om
pan
y
i
t
s
el
f
.
Mos
t
of
t
he pr
obl
em
s
and
t
he s
ol
u
t
i
o
ns
l
i
s
t
e
d
w
er
e f
r
om
t
he or
ga
ni
z
at
i
on
i
t
s
el
f
.
F
r
om
t
op m
anagem
ent
t
o t
he
w
or
k
f
or
c
es
,
a pr
oj
ec
t
m
anagem
ent
c
onc
ept
m
us
t
be
f
ul
l
y
un
der
s
t
oo
d
b
y
al
l
l
e
v
el
s
t
o
h
el
p
t
h
e
c
om
pani
es
t
o
g
ai
n
t
h
e
c
onf
i
denc
e t
o m
ov
e f
or
w
ar
d.
R
ef
er
en
ces
[1
]
M
o
rri
s
,
P
W
G
.
A
br
i
ef
hi
s
t
or
y
of
pr
oj
e
c
t
m
an
age
m
ent
.
20
11.
[2
]
T
ur
ner
,
R
,
Ledw
i
t
h,
A
,
K
e
lly
.
J
.
P
r
oj
e
c
t
m
a
nag
em
e
nt
i
n s
m
al
l
t
o m
edi
um
-
s
i
z
ed ent
er
pr
i
s
e
s
:
M
at
c
hi
ng
pr
oc
e
s
s
es
t
o t
he na
t
ur
e of
t
h
e f
i
r
m
.
I
nt
er
nat
i
ona
l
J
our
nal
o
f
P
r
oj
ec
t
M
anagem
ent
.
201
0;
28(
8)
:
744
-
755.
[3
]
N
j
ogo,
B
O
,
S
a
fi
r
i
y
u
.
A
M
I
m
pa
c
t
of
s
m
al
l
an
d
m
edi
um
s
c
al
e
ent
er
pr
i
s
es
i
n
t
he
ge
ner
at
i
on
o
f
em
pl
oy
m
ent
i
n
La
gos
S
t
at
e.
K
uw
ai
t
c
ha
pt
er
of
A
r
abi
a
n j
ou
r
nal
of
b
us
i
ne
s
s
and
m
anag
e
m
ent
r
ev
i
ew
.
2012;
1(
11)
:
10
7
-
141
.
[4
]
O
'
R
egan,
N
,
G
hobad
i
an
.
A
P
er
c
ep
t
i
on
s
of
g
ener
i
c
s
t
r
at
e
gi
e
s
of
s
m
al
l
and
m
ed
i
um
s
i
z
ed
engi
n
eer
i
ng
and el
ec
t
r
oni
c
s
m
anuf
ac
t
ur
er
s
i
n t
he U
K
:
T
he appl
i
c
a
bi
l
i
t
y
of
t
he M
i
l
es
and S
now
t
y
pol
ogy
.
J
our
na
l
of
M
anuf
ac
t
ur
i
n
g T
e
c
hn
ol
o
gy
M
anagem
ent
.
20
06;
1
7(
5)
:
603
-
6
20.
[5
]
R
oger
s
,
M
.
N
et
w
or
k
s
,
f
i
r
m
s
i
z
e
and i
nnov
at
i
on.
S
m
al
l
b
us
i
ne
s
s
ec
onom
i
c
s
.
200
4;
2
2(
2)
:
14
1
-
153.
[6
]
C
r
onbac
h L
J
.
C
o
ef
f
i
c
i
e
nt
a
l
p
ha an
d t
h
e i
n
t
er
na
l
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e of
t
es
t
s
.
P
sy
ch
o
m
et
r
i
k
a.
1
951;
16(
3)
:
297
–
3
34.
[7
]
T
av
ak
ol
,
M
,
D
enni
c
k
,
R
.
M
ak
i
n
g s
en
s
e of
C
r
o
nba
c
h'
s
al
pha.
I
nt
er
n
at
i
o
nal
j
our
na
l
of
m
edi
c
al
educ
at
i
o
n.
2
011;
2:
5
3
.
[8
]
A
tk
i
n
s
o
n
,
R
.
P
r
o
j
ec
t
m
a
nag
e
m
ent
:
c
o
s
t
,
t
i
m
e a
nd q
ual
i
t
y
,
t
w
o bes
t
gu
es
s
es
and
a p
hen
om
en
on
.
i
t
s
ti
m
e
t
o a
c
c
ept
ot
her
s
u
c
c
es
s
c
r
i
t
er
i
a.
I
n
t
er
na
t
i
o
nal
J
our
n
al
of
P
r
oj
e
c
t
M
anagem
ent
.
1
999;
17(
6)
:
337
–
342.
[9
]
B
el
as
s
i
,
W
,
Tu
k
e
l
, O
I
.
A
ne
w
f
r
am
ew
or
k
f
or
det
er
m
i
ni
ng
c
r
i
t
i
c
al
s
uc
c
es
s
/
f
ai
l
ur
e f
ac
t
or
s
i
n
pr
oj
ec
t
s
.
I
nt
er
na
t
i
o
nal
j
our
nal
of
pr
oj
e
c
t
m
anagem
ent
.
1
99
6;
14
(
3
)
,
141
-
151.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.