Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
11
,
No.
2
,
A
ugus
t
201
8
,
pp.
593
~
598
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijeecs
.
v1
1.i
2
.pp
593
-
598
593
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Practi
cal Appl
ication of I
n
-
door T
ested Sc
aled Mo
dels on
Real
Buil
din
g s
tru
ctures
Irshad
Ullah
,
MNR B
ahar
om
,
H
.A
h
ma
d, H.M
.Luqm
an,
Z
aina
b Z
ainal
Univer
sit
y
Tun H
uss
ie
n
Onn Mal
a
y
s
ia
,
B
at
u
Pah
at
Johor,
86400
Mal
a
y
s
ia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Feb
1
1,
2018
Re
vised
A
pr
2
,
2018
Accepte
d
A
pr
2
7
, 201
8
Li
ghtni
ng
indoor
te
sting
got a
ver
y
low
a
tt
en
ti
on
o
f
the
re
se
arc
h
ers. Although
li
ghtni
ng
is
impos
sible
to
cre
a
t
e
inside
the
la
b
ora
tor
y
howev
er
it
ca
n
b
e
pre
sente
d
using hi
gh
volt
age
imp
ulse.
High
volt
a
ge
impuls
e
was
gene
ra
te
d
in
thi
s
pape
r
whic
h
pre
sents
t
he
ac
tual
li
ghtni
ng
.
Sele
c
te
d
buil
d
in
g
struct
ure
s
were
te
st
ed
under
the
high
vol
t
age
condition
.
Thi
s
ide
a
was
i
m
ple
m
ent
ed
pra
cticall
y
b
y
a
ppl
y
ing
it
on
d
iffe
re
n
t
re
al
bui
ldi
ng
struct
u
re
s.
Diffe
re
n
t
buil
ding
with
di
ffe
re
nt
roof
tops
were
observe
d
pra
cticall
y
and
i
t
was
found
tha
t
th
is
re
sea
r
c
h
work
has
a
good
agr
ee
m
ent
of
the
li
gh
tni
ng
strike
point
s
observe
during
t
he
indoor
activit
ie
s
in
h
igh
vol
tage
l
ab
and
out
d
oor
activ
i
t
y
during
th
e
f
ie
ld
stud
y
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Li
ghtni
ng
fl
ash
Geom
et
ric
a
l
sha
pes
Air
te
rm
inal
H
igh
voltage
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Ir
s
ha
d
Ulla
h
,
Un
i
ver
sit
y T
un Hussien
On
n M
al
ay
sia
Ba
tu Pa
hat Joh
or,
86400 M
al
ysi
a
.
Em
a
il
:
irshad
ul
la
h95@
ya
hoo.com
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Ligh
t
ning
prot
ect
ion
syst
e
m
consi
sts
of
Lig
htn
in
g
Air
Te
r
m
inal
(LA
T),
gro
und
co
nduc
tor
an
d
earth
wire.
Dif
fer
e
nt
sta
nd
a
rds
us
e
the
co
nventio
n
m
et
ho
d
of
li
ghtnin
g
protect
ion
i
n
w
hich
L
AT
at
tract
li
ghtning
and
dif
f
us
es
it
to
the
gro
und.
Ligh
t
ning
ca
n
cause
d
am
ge
to
the
bu
il
di
ng
structr
ue
a
nd
hu
m
a
as
well
as
the
equ
i
pm
ent
[1]
. D
iffe
ren
t st
an
dards
are
us
ed fo
r
the li
gh
tni
ng p
r
o
te
ct
io
n
syst
e
m
installat
ion
and p
r
ovide
al
l t
he
inf
or
m
at
ion
abou
t
buil
ding
protect
ion
[
2]
,
[3]
.
Ever
y
ye
ar
nu
m
ber
of
peopl
e
are
kill
ed
du
e
to
li
gh
t
ning
in
di
ff
e
ren
t
part
of
the
w
or
l
d.
Ma
la
ysi
a
is
on
e
of t
he hig
h flash
d
e
ns
it
y c
ountries a
nd th
eref
or m
any p
eop
le
get str
uc
k du
e
to
li
ght
ning
[4]
.
This
pap
e
r
pr
e
sen
ts
the
ef
fec
t
of
li
ghtni
ng
on
the
i
ns
ta
ll
ed
ai
r
te
rm
inals
durin
g
t
he
in
door
a
nd
real
ob
s
er
vation d
uri
ng f
ie
ld
wo
rk.
2.
LIGHT
NI
NG
ATTA
CHME
NT TO
STR
U
CTR
UES
Wh
e
n
a
di
rect
li
gh
tnin
g
a
ppr
oach
e
s
the
buil
ding
str
uctu
re
i
t
eff
ect
th
e
s
urf
ace
of
a
buil
din
g
str
uctr
ue
and
produce
hi
gh
el
ect
ric
fiel
d
on
the
roof
t
op
of
the
buil
di
ng
str
uctu
re.
Si
m
il
arly
the
heigh
t
of
the
buil
din
g,
it
s
width
a
nd
l
egth
al
s
o
play
key
ro
le
i
n
li
ghtnin
g
at
tract
ion.
Th
e
r
od
is
al
so
the
key
to
at
tract
li
gh
tning
a
nd
protect
the
bu
il
ding
struct
ur
es
[5]
,
[6]
.
Lig
ht
ning
flash
ca
n
be
at
tract
ed
by
the
LATs
inst
al
le
d
on
the
bu
il
din
g
structu
res
with
a
dif
fe
ren
t
rati
o.
T
he
place
m
ent
of
the
L
AT
play
s
an
im
po
rtant
r
ule
in
li
gh
t
ning
at
t
racti
on.
Howe
ver,
the
LATs
instal
le
d
on
the
c
orners
has
m
uch
eff
ic
ie
ncy
as
co
m
par
e
to
the
LAT
instal
le
d
in
the
m
idd
le
of
th
buil
ding
r
oof
t
op
[
7]
.
T
he
place
m
ent
of
L
AT
is
ver
y
im
po
rta
nt
on
a
ny
buil
di
ng
st
ru
ct
ur
e.
Du
e
t
o
correct
placem
ent
of
L
AT
on
the
bu
il
di
ng
s
tructu
re
it
can
at
tract
the
li
gh
tnin
g
flas
hes
and
ca
n
pr
otect
the
bu
il
di
ng str
uct
ur
es
[
8]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
11
, N
o.
2
,
A
ugust
2018
:
593
–
598
594
3.
PROP
OSE
D PRO
CED
U
R
E
Ind
oor
te
sti
ng
of
t
he
di
ff
e
r
ent
ge
om
et
ric
al
structu
res
was
car
ried
out
insid
t
he
high
volt
age
la
borator
y.
Hi
gh
volt
age
im
pu
lse
ge
ner
at
or
was
us
e
d
to
pro
du
ce
t
he
fl
ash
ov
e
r
f
or
th
e
scal
ed
ob
j
ec
ts.
The
bu
il
di
ng
wer
s
cal
ed
dow
n
by
con
si
der
i
ng
t
h
e
rati
o
f
or
a
si
ng
le
sto
ry
buil
ding
in
acc
ord
ance
with
t
he
[
9]
.
The
scal
ed object
s
wer
e
test
ed usi
ng h
i
gh volt
ag
e i
m
pu
lse
gen
e
rtro as s
how
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
re
1.
Figure
1
.
Sc
he
m
at
ic
d
ia
gr
am
of im
pu
lse
g
en
erator
Heig
ht
of
t
he
buil
ding
was
ke
pt
as
10
cm
fo
r
each
shpe
an
d
i
m
pu
lse
vo
lt
a
ge
was
a
pp
li
e
d.
The
stri
ke
po
i
nts
on
different
sh
a
pes
wer
e
obse
rv
e
and
the
fiel
d
work
was
carr
id
ou
t
by
obse
rv
i
ng
the
r
oof
top
s
of
diff
e
re
nt buil
di
ng str
uctu
res.
4.
RESU
LT
S
Durin
g
the
e
xperim
ental
pr
oc
ess
the
i
m
pu
l
se
vo
ta
ge
was
app
li
ed
on
t
he
flat
ro
of
to
p
and
al
l
the
instal
le
Lighning
Air
Term
inals
(LATs)
we
r
e
struc
k
by
li
ghtnin
g
on
the
c
orner.
T
he
flashove
r
on
dif
fere
nt
ai
r
te
rm
inal of t
he fla
t roo
f
is
giv
e
n
in
Fig
ure
2
.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Figure
2. Flash
ov
e
r o
n
the
f
la
t
roof to
p
T
4
T
2
T
3
T
1
T
2
T
3
T
4
T
1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Practic
al A
ppli
cation of
I
n
-
door
Te
ste
d Sc
aled
M
odel
s on Re
al B
uildin
g
…
(
Irshad U
ll
ah
)
595
Si
m
il
ary
du
rin
g
the
fiel
d
ob
serv
at
io
n
it
was
foud
that
the
buil
ding
str
uctu
re
wer
e
al
so
struc
k
by
li
gh
tnin
g
on
th
e
corners.
Fa
be
r
towe
rs
w
er
visit
ed
by
the
reseache
rs
a
nd
the
strike
patt
ern
was
f
ound
wh
ic
h
has
a
good
ag
reem
ent
with
t
he
ex
per
im
ental
wo
r
k
do
ne
in
the
high
vol
ta
ge
la
borato
r
y.
Fig
ure
3
show
the
strike
patte
rn on
real b
uildin
g of Fa
ber
To
we
rs.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Figure
3.
Lig
htn
in
g
stri
ke po
i
nts
on Fa
ber
t
owers
Fig
ure
3
in
dic
at
es
that
al
l
the
li
gh
tnin
g
fla
sh
es
we
re
struc
k
on
the
co
rner
of
the
real
bu
il
di
ng
roof
top
.
The
refo
re,
the
id
oor
li
ghtnin
g
te
sti
ng
c
a
n
be
ap
plied
to
the
gi
ven
buil
ding
instal
le
d
with
L
AT
a
nd
it
can
be pr
otect
ed fr
om
the ligh
ti
ng
strikes
.
Gab
le
s
hap
e
was
al
so
te
ste
d
in
high
vo
lt
age
la
borato
ry
wh
ic
h
is
sho
wn
in
Fi
g
ure
4
dif
fer
e
nt
ai
r
te
rm
inal i
s g
iv
en
in
Fig
ure
2.
No strike
on fr
on
t e
dge
Strike
on bac
k ed
ge
Lig
htn
i
ng f
l
ash o
n back
corne
r
1
Ligh
t
ning f
la
s
h o
n back
cor
ne
r 2
Ligh
t
ning f
la
s
he
s
Strike
Fabe
r
to
wer co
rn
e
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
11
, N
o.
2
,
A
ugust
2018
:
593
–
598
596
Figure
4. Flash
ov
e
r o
n Gab
el
sh
a
pe
Fo
r
t
he
F
ig
ur
e
4
it
can
be
see
n
al
l
the
flashe
s
are
at
tract
ed
by
the
instal
le
d
ai
r
te
rm
inals.
Durin
g
the
fiel
d
obse
rv
at
i
on
t
he
inc
ubat
or
1
P
utra
j
ay
was
visit
ed
an
d
the
li
gh
ning
strike
po
i
nts
w
ere
f
ound
on
t
he
ar
c
roof to
p.
(a
)
(b)
Figure
5. Strik
es on t
he
inc
ub
at
or
1
From
the
F
ig
ure
5
it
can
be
f
ound
that
t
he
ga
ble
s
hap
e
te
ste
d
in
in
door
te
sti
ng
ca
n
be
im
pelem
ented
on the
buil
ding
stru
ct
reu li
ke
i
ncubato
re
1 Pu
trajaya.
Si
m
il
arly
UTH
li
br
ary
was
al
so
ta
ken
as
a
c
ase
stu
dy.
UT
HM
Lib
rar
y
is
on
e
of
t
he
heig
hes
buil
ding
and
it
is
ex
po
s
ed
to
li
gh
t
ning
an
d
ha
s
the
pro
ba
bili
ty
to
be
struc
k
be
li
ghtnin
g.
Fro
t
he
li
br
ay
a
cy
li
ndrical
m
od
el
w
as test
ed wh
ic
h
ca
n b
e i
m
ple
m
ented
on
UTH
M
Lib
rar
y.
L
l
igh
t
ning
distrib
ution o
n
the
g
i
ven s
ha
pe.
Strikes
on
four spots
In
c
ubat
or 1
T
1
T
2
T
3
T
1
T
2
T
3
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Practic
al A
ppli
cation of
I
n
-
door
Te
ste
d Sc
aled
M
odel
s on Re
al B
uildin
g
…
(
Irshad U
ll
ah
)
597
Figure
6
.
C
yl
ind
rical
s
hap
e
wi
th f
la
s
hove
r
The
g
i
ven test
ing
ca
n be
us
e
d for
UTH
M
L
ibray
wh
ic
h
is
giv
e
n
in
F
ig
ure
7. From
the
te
ste
d
m
od
el
it
can
be
im
ple
m
ented
f
or the
li
br
ary as
it
h
as
cyl
ind
rical
s
ha
pe.
Figure
6
.
UT
H
M Li
br
ay
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Libra
ry
bac
k v
ie
w
Libra
ry fro
nt
vi
ew
Sh
a
rp ed
ges o
n t
he
roof
Cl
os
e v
ie
w of
the
roof
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
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4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
11
, N
o.
2
,
A
ugust
2018
:
593
–
598
598
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
The
im
ple
m
entat
ion
of
a
n
indo
or
te
sti
ng
has
bee
n
car
r
ie
d
ou
t
a
nd
t
he
dif
fer
e
nt
ge
om
et
rical
structu
res
were
sel
ect
ed.
T
he
sh
a
pes
wer
e
te
ste
d
insi
de
the
high
vo
lt
age
la
borato
ry.T
he
fi
el
d
obse
rv
at
io
n
was
ta
ken
in
acc
ordan
ce
with
the
sa
m
e
sh
apes
t
est
ed
in
the
la
b.
D
ur
in
g
the
fiel
d
obser
vatio
n
it
was
f
ound
that
the
geo
m
et
rical
sh
apes
in
real
ha
s
the
sam
e
cha
ractersit
ic
s
of
l
igh
tni
ng
at
ta
ch
e
m
ent.
The
refor
e
,
the
te
ste
d
m
od
el
can
be
a
pp
li
e
d
f
or
t
he
pr
act
ic
al
app
li
cat
io
n
on
the
obser
ve
d
bu
il
di
ng
str
uc
tures
a
s
well
a
sl
the
oth
e
r
buil
ding
structu
res.
ACKN
OWLE
DGME
NT
The
a
uthor
w
ould
li
ke
t
o
tha
nk
the
Faculty
of
Ele
ct
rical
an
d
Ele
ct
ronics
En
gin
ee
rin
g
U
nive
rsity
Tu
n
Hu
s
sei
n
O
nn
Ma
la
ysi
a
(U
THM)
f
or
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g
a
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rt
of
t
his
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rch
a
nd
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vid
in
g
al
l
the
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es
for
exp
e
rim
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Sp
eci
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than
ks
t
o
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ic
c
UT
HM
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s
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resea
rch
ude
r
the
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a
nt
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