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–
217
210
3
.
CO
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[
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[
2
6
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I
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8
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1
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file A
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213
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P
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5
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.
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I
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I
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J
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Sci,
Vo
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12
,
No
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1
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Octo
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8
:
2
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–
217
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n
g
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
h
as
co
n
s
tr
u
c
tiv
e
o
u
tco
m
es
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
d
elay
(
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t
p
ac
k
et
r
ec
eiv
ed
)
.
T
h
e
co
n
g
es
tio
n
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
en
h
a
n
ce
d
r
ad
i
ca
ll
y
a
f
ter
o
p
ti
m
iza
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
v
eh
ic
u
lar
ad
h
o
c
n
et
w
o
r
k
at
cl
ien
t
o
r
ap
p
licatio
n
lev
el.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
M
E
NT
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
w
o
u
ld
li
k
e
to
t
h
a
n
k
th
e
Un
iv
er
s
iti
T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i
Ma
r
a
(
UiT
M)
f
o
r
s
p
o
n
s
o
r
in
g
t
h
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
u
n
d
er
t
h
e
AR
AS
Gr
a
n
t
(
6
0
0
-
I
R
MI
/D
A
N
A
5
/3
/
A
R
AS
(
0
1
7
7
/2
0
1
6
)
)
o
f
R
esear
c
h
M
an
ag
e
m
e
n
t
C
e
n
tr
e,
Un
i
v
er
s
iti T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i M
ar
a
(
UiT
M)
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
H.
Ha
rten
ste
in
a
n
d
K.
L
a
b
e
rtea
u
x
,
“
A
T
u
to
rial
S
u
rv
e
y
o
n
V
e
h
ic
u
lar
A
d
Ho
c
Ne
tw
o
rk
s,”
n
o
.
Ju
n
e
,
p
p
.
1
6
4
–
1
7
1
,
2
0
0
8
.
[2
]
J.
J.
Blu
m
,
A
.
Esk
a
n
d
a
rian
,
a
n
d
L
.
J.
Ho
f
fm
a
n
,
“
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
o
f
In
terv
e
h
icl
e
A
d
Ho
c
Ne
tw
o
r
k
s.p
d
f
,
”
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
347
–
3
5
1
,
2
0
0
4
.
[3
]
A
.
R.
W
e
l
e
k
a
r,
“
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
S
t
u
d
y
o
f
IEE
E
8
0
2
.
1
1
,
8
0
2
.
1
5
,
8
0
2
.
1
6
,
8
0
2
.
2
0
S
tan
d
a
rd
s
f
o
r
Distrib
u
ted
V
A
NET
,
”
p
p
.
1
1
1
–
1
1
7
,
2
0
1
2
.
[4
]
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
o
c
iety
,
IEE
E
S
tan
d
a
rd
f
o
r:W
irele
ss
LA
N
M
e
d
iu
m
Ac
c
e
ss
Co
n
tro
l
(M
A
C)
a
n
d
P
h
y
sic
al
La
y
e
r(P
HY
)
S
p
e
c
if
ica
ti
o
n
s:Am
e
n
d
m
e
n
t
6
:
W
irele
ss
A
c
c
e
ss
in
V
e
h
ic
u
lar E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts.
2
0
1
0
.
[5
]
M
.
S
.
B
o
u
a
ss
id
a
a
n
d
M
.
S
h
a
w
k
y
,
“
On
th
e
c
o
n
g
e
stio
n
c
o
n
tro
l
w
it
h
i
n
V
A
NET
,
”
2
0
0
8
1
st
I
F
I
P
W
irel.
Da
y
s,
p
p
.
1
–
5
,
No
v
.
2
0
0
8
.
[6
]
S
.
P
a
rk
,
Y.
Ch
a
n
g
,
F
.
Kh
a
n
,
a
n
d
J
.
a
.
Co
p
e
lan
d
,
“
Dy
n
a
m
i
c
S
e
rv
ic
e
-
Ch
a
n
n
e
ls
A
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
(DSCA
)
in
v
e
h
icu
lar ad
-
h
o
c
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,” 2
0
1
3
I
EE
E
1
0
t
h
C
o
n
s
u
m
.
Co
m
m
u
n
.
Ne
t
w
.
Co
n
f
.
,
p
p
.
3
5
1
–
3
5
7
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
1
3
.
[7
]
J.
H.
L
i
m
,
W
.
Ki
m
,
K.
Na
it
o
,
a
n
d
M
.
G
e
rla,
“
In
terp
lay
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
T
V
W
S
a
n
d
DSRC:
Op
t
im
a
l
stra
t
e
g
y
f
o
r
Qo
S
o
f
sa
fe
t
y
m
e
ss
a
g
e
d
isse
m
in
a
ti
o
n
in
V
A
NET
,
”
2
0
1
3
In
t.
C
o
n
f
.
Co
m
p
u
t.
Ne
tw
.
Co
m
m
u
n
.
ICNC
2
0
1
3
,
p
p
.
1
1
5
6
–
1
1
6
1
,
2
0
1
3
.
[8
]
L
.
Hu
m
e
n
g
,
Y.
X
u
e
m
e
i,
A
.
L
i,
a
n
d
W
.
Yu
a
n
,
“
Distrib
u
ted
Be
a
c
o
n
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
Co
n
tro
l
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
V
A
NE
T
s
(DBFC,
”
in
I
n
tr.
C
o
n
f
.
o
n
I
n
telli
g
e
n
t
S
y
s.
De
sig
n
a
n
d
En
g
.
A
p
p
,
2
0
1
2
.
[9
]
S
.
Dja
h
e
l
a
n
d
Y.
G
h
a
m
ri
-
Do
u
d
a
n
e
,
“
A
ro
b
u
st co
n
g
e
stio
n
c
o
n
tr
o
l
sc
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
f
a
st an
d
re
li
a
b
le
d
isse
m
i
n
a
ti
o
n
o
f
sa
f
e
t
y
m
e
ss
a
g
e
s in
V
A
NET
s,” IE
EE
W
i
re
l.
Co
m
m
u
n
.
Ne
tw
.
Co
n
f
.
W
CN
C,
p
p
.
2
2
6
4
–
2
2
6
9
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
0
]
L
.
W
e
i,
X
.
X
iao
,
Y.
Ch
e
n
,
M
.
Xu
,
a
n
d
H.
F
a
n
,
“
P
o
w
e
r
-
c
o
n
tro
l
-
b
a
se
d
b
ro
a
d
c
a
st
sc
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
e
m
e
rg
e
n
c
y
m
e
s
sa
g
e
s
in
V
A
NET
s,” 1
1
th
In
t
.
S
y
m
p
.
Co
m
m
u
n
.
In
f
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
Isc
.
2
0
1
1
,
n
o
.
Isc
it
,
p
p
.
2
7
4
–
2
7
9
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
1
]
L
.
Le,
R.
Ba
ld
e
ss
a
ri,
P
.
S
a
lv
a
d
o
r,
A
.
F
e
sta
g
,
a
n
d
W
.
Zh
a
n
g
,
“
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
b
e
a
c
o
n
c
o
n
g
e
s
ti
o
n
c
o
n
tro
l
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
f
o
r
V
A
NET
s,”
GL
OB
ECOM
-
IEE
E
G
lo
b
.
T
e
lec
o
m
m
u
n
.
Co
n
f
.
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
2
]
M
.
Y.
Da
ru
s
a
n
d
K.
A
b
u
Ba
k
a
r,
“
A
Re
v
ie
w
o
f
Co
n
g
e
stio
n
Co
n
tr
o
l
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
Ev
e
n
t
-
Driv
e
n
S
a
fe
t
y
M
e
ss
a
g
e
s
in
V
e
h
icu
lar Ne
tw
o
rk
s,” IJCSI
In
t.
J.
Co
m
p
u
t.
S
c
i.
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
4
9
–
5
3
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
3
]
B.
M
.
M
u
g
h
a
l,
A
.
A
.
Wag
a
n
,
a
n
d
H.
Ha
sb
u
ll
a
h
,
“
Ef
f
icie
n
t
Co
n
g
e
stio
n
C
o
n
tr
o
l
i
n
V
A
NET
f
o
r
S
a
fe
t
y
M
e
ss
a
g
in
g
,
”
IEE
E,
p
p
.
6
5
4
–
6
5
9
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
4
]
F
.
Ye
,
R.
Yim
,
J.
Zh
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
S
.
Ro
y
,
“
Co
n
g
e
stio
n
c
o
n
tr
o
l
to
a
c
h
iev
e
o
p
ti
m
a
l
b
ro
a
d
c
a
st
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
in
V
A
NETs,
”
IEE
E
In
t.
Co
n
f
.
Co
m
m
u
n
.
,
p
p
.
1
–
5
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
5
]
L
.
W
is
c
h
h
o
f
a
n
d
H.
Ro
h
l
in
g
,
“
Co
n
g
e
stio
n
c
o
n
tr
o
l
in
v
e
h
icu
lar
a
d
h
o
c
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
IEE
E
In
t.
Co
n
f
.
V
e
h
.
El
e
c
tr
o
n
.
S
a
f
e
t
y
,
2
0
0
5
.
,
p
p
.
5
8
–
6
3
,
2
0
0
5
.
[1
6
]
I.
A
.
S
u
m
ra
,
J.
a
B.
M
a
n
a
n
,
H.
Ha
sb
u
ll
a
h
,
a
n
d
B.
S
.
Isk
a
n
d
a
r,
“
T
i
m
in
g
A
t
tac
k
in
V
e
h
icu
lar
Ne
tw
o
rk
2
V
A
NE
T
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s an
d
T
im
e
,
”
p
p
.
1
5
1
–
1
5
5
.
[1
7
]
M
.
Y.
Da
ru
s
a
n
d
K.
A
.
Ba
k
a
r,
“
Co
n
g
e
stio
n
Co
n
tr
o
l
F
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
f
o
r
E
m
e
r
g
e
n
c
y
M
e
ss
a
g
e
s
in
V
AN
ET
s,”
Co
n
tro
l,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
6
4
3
–
6
4
6
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
8
]
Y.
Zan
g
,
L
.
S
ti
b
o
r,
B.
W
a
lk
e
,
H.
-
J.
Re
u
m
e
r
m
a
n
,
a
n
d
A
.
Ba
rro
so
,
“
A
No
v
e
l
M
A
C
P
ro
t
o
c
o
l
f
o
r
T
h
ro
u
g
h
p
u
t
S
e
n
si
ti
v
e
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
i
n
V
e
h
icu
lar
En
v
iro
n
m
e
n
ts,
”
2
0
0
7
IEE
E
6
5
th
V
e
h
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
Co
n
f
.
V
T
C2
0
0
7
-
S
p
rin
g
,
p
p
.
2
5
8
0
–
2
5
8
4
,
A
p
r.
2
0
0
7
.
[1
9
]
C.
Ca
m
p
o
lo
,
A
.
Co
rtes
e
,
a
n
d
A
.
M
o
li
n
a
ro
,
“
CRa
S
CH :
A
Co
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
S
c
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
S
e
rv
ice
Ch
a
n
n
e
l
Re
se
rv
a
ti
o
n
in
8
0
2
.
1
1
p
/
W
A
V
E
V
e
h
icu
lar A
d
Ho
c
Ne
tw
o
rk
s,” 2
0
0
9
.
[2
0
]
N.
Ch
e
n
g
,
N.
L
u
,
P
.
W
a
n
g
,
X.
W
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
F
.
L
iu
,
“
A
Qo
S
-
p
r
o
v
isio
n
m
u
lt
i
-
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
M
A
C
in
RS
U
-
a
ss
isted
v
e
h
icu
lar
n
e
tw
o
rk
s (p
o
ste
r),
”
2
0
1
1
I
EE
E
Ve
h
.
Ne
tw
.
Co
n
f
.
,
p
p
.
1
9
3
–
1
9
7
,
No
v
.
2
0
1
1
.
[2
1
]
M
.
Am
a
d
e
o
,
C.
Ca
m
p
o
lo
,
A
.
M
o
li
n
a
ro
,
a
n
d
G
.
Ru
g
g
e
ri,
“
A
WA
V
E
-
c
o
m
p
li
a
n
t
M
A
C
P
ro
t
o
c
o
l
to
S
u
p
p
o
rt
V
e
h
icle
-
to
-
In
f
ra
stru
c
tu
re
No
n
-
S
a
f
e
t
y
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
n
o
.
A
p
ril
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
2
]
Q.
W
a
n
g
,
S
.
L
e
n
g
,
H.
F
u
,
Y.
Zh
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
S
.
M
e
m
b
e
r,
“
A
n
IEE
E
8
0
2
.
1
1
p
-
Ba
se
d
M
u
lt
ich
a
n
n
e
l
M
A
C
S
c
h
e
m
e
W
it
h
Ch
a
n
n
e
l
C
o
o
r
d
in
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
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.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.