I
nd
o
ne
s
ia
n J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l En
g
ineering
a
nd
Co
m
pu
t
er
Science
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
2
,
N
o
v
em
b
e
r
20
21
,
p
p
.
1
2
2
0
~
1
2
2
7
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijeecs.v
2
4
.i
2
.
pp
1
2
2
0
-
1
2
2
7
1220
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ee
cs.ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
The a
do
ption o
f
s
o
cia
l media
by sm
a
ll and
medium
e
nterprise
:
a
sy
stema
tic
lite
ra
t
ure re
v
iew
Ahm
ed
Abdu
lla
h Alha
m
a
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i
1
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No
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n H
a
s
him
2
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i A
bd
ul H
a
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h Ab.
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a
m
id
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1,
2,
3,
4
F
a
c
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lt
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Eco
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a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
Th
e
Na
ti
o
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a
l
U
n
iv
e
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it
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o
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a
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sia
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istrativ
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jran
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rsity
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jran
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a
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Ara
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Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
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ticle
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to
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y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
u
n
14
,
2
0
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1
R
ev
is
ed
Sep
12
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2
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2
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Acc
ep
ted
Sep
21
,
2
0
2
1
S
o
c
ial
m
e
d
ia
(S
M
)
h
a
s
b
e
c
o
m
e
a
n
e
c
e
ss
it
y
a
n
d
a
m
e
th
o
d
t
o
c
o
n
fr
o
n
t
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
a
n
d
fierc
e
c
o
m
p
e
ti
ti
o
n
.
M
o
re
th
a
n
h
a
lf
o
f
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
a
re
u
sin
g
S
M
.
H
o
we
v
e
r,
it
s
imp
li
c
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
sm
a
ll
a
n
d
m
e
d
i
u
m
e
n
ter
p
rise
s
(S
M
Es)
is
n
o
t
we
ll
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
ted
a
n
d
re
se
a
rc
h
e
d
.
Th
e
r
e
fo
re
,
t
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
se
o
f
t
h
is
stu
d
y
is
to
re
v
iew
t
h
e
li
tera
t
u
re
p
e
rtai
n
in
g
t
o
th
e
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
o
f
S
M
b
y
S
M
Es
.
A
sy
ste
m
a
ti
c
li
tera
tu
re
re
v
iew
w
a
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
ted
u
sin
g
sp
e
c
ifi
c
k
e
y
wo
rd
s
a
n
d
d
a
tab
a
se
.
Th
is
h
a
s
re
su
lt
e
d
in
re
v
iew
in
g
2
8
re
late
d
a
rti
c
les
.
Th
e
fin
d
i
n
g
s
wa
s
p
re
se
n
ted
u
si
n
g
fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
a
ly
sis.
Nu
m
b
e
r
o
f
a
rti
c
les
a
re
in
c
re
a
sin
g
ste
a
d
il
y
e
sp
e
c
ially
in
e
m
e
rg
in
g
m
a
rk
e
ts
with
larg
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
stu
d
ies
d
e
p
lo
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
e
x
p
l
o
ra
to
ry
n
a
tu
re
.
Th
e
m
o
st
wid
e
ly
u
se
d
th
e
o
ry
is
th
e
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ica
l
-
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
-
e
n
v
i
ro
n
m
e
n
tal
fra
m
e
wo
rk
(
TOE)
a
n
d
t
h
e
sa
m
p
le
siz
e
o
f
t
h
e
re
v
iew
e
d
stu
d
ies
is
a
d
e
q
u
a
te.
In
c
re
a
sin
g
l
y
th
e
stru
c
tu
ra
l
e
q
u
a
ti
o
n
m
o
d
e
ll
i
n
g
a
re
b
e
i
n
g
u
se
d
.
H
o
we
v
e
r,
t
h
e
u
se
o
f
i
n
terv
e
n
i
n
g
v
a
riab
le
is
m
in
ima
l.
Th
e
f
in
d
in
g
a
lso
sh
o
we
d
th
a
t
o
r
g
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
e
n
v
i
ro
n
m
e
n
tal
c
o
n
tex
t
v
a
riab
les
a
re
th
e
m
o
st
im
p
o
rtan
t
p
re
d
icto
rs
o
f
S
M
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
b
y
S
M
Es
wh
il
e
t
h
e
c
o
n
se
q
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
is
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
o
n
b
u
si
n
e
ss
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
is
m
ix
e
d
.
Th
e
re
is
a
n
e
e
d
fo
r
m
o
re
stu
d
ies
t
o
d
isc
o
v
e
r
th
e
c
o
n
se
q
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
a
d
o
p
ti
n
g
S
M
b
y
S
M
Es
u
sin
g
a
c
o
m
b
i
n
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
o
ries
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
u
s
in
ess
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
SME
s
So
cial
m
ed
ia
T
OE
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Ah
m
ed
Ab
d
u
llah
Alh
am
am
i
Facu
lty
o
f
E
co
n
o
m
ics an
d
Ma
n
ag
em
en
t
T
h
e
Natio
n
al
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
M
alay
s
ia
4
3
6
0
0
UKM
B
an
g
i,
Selan
g
o
r
,
Ma
lay
s
ia
E
m
ail:
alh
am
am
i1
a@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
R
ec
en
tly
,
th
e
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
(
SM)
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
o
l
f
o
r
in
d
i
v
id
u
al,
b
u
s
in
ess
an
d
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
tal
ag
e
n
cies
to
co
m
m
u
n
icate
an
d
s
p
r
ea
d
n
ews
ab
o
u
t
th
eir
ac
tiv
ities
.
B
y
Ap
r
il
2
0
2
1
,
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
SM
u
s
er
s
ac
co
u
n
t
t
o
4
.
8
3
b
illi
o
n
with
an
an
n
u
al
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
1
3
.
7
%.
I
t
is
esti
m
ated
th
at
alm
o
s
t
7
0
%
o
f
th
e
elig
ib
le
p
o
p
u
latio
n
in
th
e
wo
r
ld
ar
e
u
s
in
g
SM
web
s
ite
w
ith
an
av
er
ag
e
u
s
e
o
f
2
h
o
u
r
s
an
d
2
2
m
in
u
tes
p
er
d
ay
[
1
]
.
Du
e
to
th
is
wid
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
SM
,
r
esear
ch
er
s
,
p
r
ac
titi
o
n
e
r
s
an
d
b
u
s
in
ess
es
h
as
s
tar
ted
u
s
in
g
th
e
SM
as
a
to
o
l
to
ac
ce
s
s
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icate
with
p
o
ten
tial
cu
s
to
m
er
s
[
2
]
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
u
s
ag
e
o
f
SM
is
to
m
ar
k
et
p
r
o
d
u
ct
an
d
s
er
v
ices
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
awa
r
en
ess
ab
o
u
t
b
r
an
d
as
well
as
b
r
an
d
lo
y
alt
y
[
3
]
.
Desp
ite
t
h
e
f
ac
t
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
v
ar
iatio
n
in
th
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
th
e
SM
web
s
ite
s
,
b
u
s
in
ess
e
s
ar
e
d
ep
lo
y
in
g
m
o
r
e
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
th
e
f
ac
eb
o
o
k
(
FB
)
as
a
to
o
l
to
m
ar
k
et
th
eir
p
r
o
d
u
ct
an
d
s
er
v
ices
an
d
in
ter
ac
t
with
cu
s
to
m
er
s
u
s
in
g
two
-
w
ay
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
o
th
er
SM
th
at
ar
e
u
s
ed
is
twitter
,
lin
k
ed
in
,
y
o
u
t
u
b
e
an
d
b
lo
g
s
[
3
]
.
R
esear
ch
er
s
in
d
icate
th
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
SM
h
as b
ec
o
m
e
a
m
u
s
t f
o
r
b
u
s
in
ess
to
s
u
r
v
iv
e
an
d
th
r
iv
e
[
4
]
-
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
Th
e
a
d
o
p
tio
n
o
f so
cia
l m
e
d
ia
b
y
s
ma
ll a
n
d
med
i
u
m
en
terp
r
is
e:
a
s
ystema
tic…
(
A
h
med
A
b
d
u
lla
h
A
lh
a
ma
mi
)
1221
On
e
o
f
th
e
b
u
s
in
ess
th
at
n
o
t
y
et
u
tili
ze
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
SM
is
th
e
s
m
all
an
d
m
ed
iu
m
en
ter
p
r
is
e
(
SME
s
)
.
SME
s
ar
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
th
eir
s
m
all
s
ize
an
d
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
[
4
]
,
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
SM
ca
n
b
e
an
o
p
tim
al
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
th
ese
b
u
s
in
ess
to
g
r
o
w
an
d
c
o
m
p
ete
with
o
th
er
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
SME
s
ar
e
f
ac
in
g
g
r
o
win
g
c
h
allen
g
es
d
u
e
to
th
e
f
ier
ce
co
m
p
etitio
n
an
d
th
e
g
lo
b
aliza
tio
n
[
1
1
]
.
Ho
w
ev
e
r
,
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
SM
b
y
SME
s
is
s
till
u
n
d
er
r
es
ea
r
ch
ed
[
1
1
]
-
[
1
3
]
an
d
m
o
r
e
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
s
tatu
s
q
u
o
o
f
th
e
SM
ad
o
p
tio
n
[
1
2
]
.
Desp
it
e
th
e
u
r
g
en
t
n
ee
d
f
o
r
SME
s
t
o
u
s
e
th
e
SM,
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
h
as
n
o
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
o
n
th
e
r
o
le
th
at
ca
n
b
e
p
lay
e
d
b
y
SM
in
ter
m
o
f
b
u
s
in
ess
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
R
esear
ch
er
s
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
SM
d
o
es
n
o
t
af
f
ec
t
th
e
b
u
s
in
ess
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
SME
s
[
1
4
]
-
[
1
6
]
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
r
esear
ch
er
s
also
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
SM
h
as
r
esu
lted
in
an
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
f
in
an
cial
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
SME
s
[
3
]
,
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
r
ep
u
tatio
n
as we
ll a
s
b
r
an
d
awa
r
e
n
ess
an
d
r
ed
u
c
e
co
s
t o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
f
o
r
th
ese
S
ME
s
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
also
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
er
e
is
n
o
g
en
er
al
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
o
n
th
e
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
th
at
lead
to
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
SM
a
m
o
n
g
SME
s
.
W
h
ile
s
o
m
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
f
ac
t
o
r
s
ar
e
cr
i
tical
[
2
0
]
,
o
t
h
er
s
ten
d
to
th
in
k
th
at
th
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
f
ac
t
o
r
s
ca
r
r
y
th
e
s
am
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
p
r
e
d
icto
r
s
a
n
d
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
S
M
ar
e
m
ix
e
d
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
lack
f
o
r
s
tu
d
ies
o
f
S
M
ad
o
p
tio
n
a
n
d
its
im
p
ac
t
o
n
SME
s
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
to
r
ev
iew
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
SM
b
y
SME
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
also
aim
s
to
f
in
d
liter
atu
r
es
o
n
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
o
f
SM
ad
o
p
tio
n
b
y
SME
s
an
d
also
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
s
o
f
a
d
o
p
ti
n
g
S
M.
T
h
is
will
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
w
o
r
k
.
I
n
th
e
n
ex
t
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
is
r
ev
iewe
d
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
.
T
h
is
is
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
t
h
e
r
esear
c
h
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
an
d
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
SLR
f
r
o
m
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
as
well
as
th
e
lim
itatio
n
s
an
d
d
ir
ec
tio
n
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
w
o
r
k
s
ar
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
.
A
co
n
clu
d
i
n
g
r
e
m
ar
k
is
g
iv
en
at
th
e
last
s
ec
tio
n
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
e
v
iew
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
in
clu
d
ed
2
8
a
r
ticle
s
th
at
d
ea
l
with
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
SM
b
y
SME
s
.
T
h
e
ar
ticles we
r
e
d
iv
id
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
o
f
th
e
r
e
v
iewe
d
s
tu
d
ies
.
2
.
1
.
E
x
plo
ra
t
o
ry
s
t
ud
ies
E
x
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
s
tu
d
ies
r
e
f
er
to
th
e
s
itu
atio
n
wh
er
e
th
e
r
e
v
iewe
d
ar
ticles
h
av
e
n
o
t
d
e
p
lo
y
e
d
a
th
eo
r
y
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
i
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
[
3
]
in
I
n
d
ia,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
r
e
v
iewe
d
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
an
d
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
f
ac
eb
o
o
k
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
wid
ely
u
s
ed
to
o
l
f
o
r
th
e
m
a
r
k
etin
g
u
s
in
g
SM.
Similar
ly
,
a
r
ev
iew
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
[
2
2
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
t
h
e
s
tu
d
ies
p
er
tain
in
g
to
SM
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
is
s
till
li
m
ited
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
[
1
0
]
in
U
n
ited
Kin
g
d
o
m
(
UK)
co
n
d
u
cte
d
a
s
u
r
v
ey
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
SM
b
y
S
ME
s
.
Fin
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
wed
th
at
t
witter
an
d
f
ac
eb
o
o
k
ar
e
wid
ely
u
s
ed
b
y
SME
s
an
d
th
ese
SME
s
ar
e
b
en
e
f
itin
g
g
r
ea
tly
f
r
o
m
th
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
SM.
I
n
Fra
n
ce
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
[
1
8
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
s
tr
ateg
ic
o
r
i
en
tatio
n
af
f
ec
ted
SM
o
r
ien
tati
o
n
wh
ich
i
n
tu
r
n
af
f
ec
ted
t
h
e
SM
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Mo
r
e
ex
p
lo
r
ativ
e
i
n
n
atu
r
e
s
tu
d
ies
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
r
ese
ar
ch
er
s
.
I
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
[
2
3
]
in
Un
i
ted
States
(
US)
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
ex
am
i
n
ed
th
e
SM
ad
o
p
tio
n
u
s
in
g
a
q
u
alitativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
wed
th
at
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
SM
s
u
ch
as
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e,
u
s
ef
u
l
n
ess
,
an
d
en
jo
y
m
en
t
as
well
as
p
er
s
o
n
al
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
s
o
cial
in
f
lu
en
ce
,
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
b
u
s
in
ess
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
an
d
b
u
s
in
ess
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
ar
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ac
to
r
s
f
o
r
th
e
SM
ad
o
p
tio
n
.
Similar
ly
,
a
s
tu
d
y
b
y
[
1
1
]
in
UK
u
s
in
g
a
q
u
alitativ
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
SM
e
n
h
an
ce
s
th
e
v
is
ib
ilit
y
o
f
co
m
p
an
ies
an
d
in
c
r
ea
s
e
th
eir
s
ales
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
to
n
ew
m
ar
k
et.
I
n
Au
s
tr
alia,
[
2
4
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
f
ac
ilit
ato
r
s
f
o
r
ad
o
p
tio
n
is
th
e
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e,
p
ee
r
u
s
e,
k
n
o
wled
g
e
to
u
s
e
a
n
d
r
elativ
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
e.
Fo
r
n
o
n
-
ad
o
p
ter
s
,
th
e
tim
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t
an
d
lack
o
f
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
is
th
e
m
ain
b
ar
r
ier
.
Fac
eb
o
o
k
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
Yo
u
T
u
b
e
ar
e
wid
ely
u
s
ed
b
y
SME
s
.
R
ev
iew
s
tu
d
ies
wer
e
a
ls
o
co
n
d
u
cted
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
ad
o
p
tin
g
SM
b
y
SME
s
an
d
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
m
ai
n
b
e
n
ef
its
ar
e
r
el
ated
to
b
r
an
d
r
e
p
u
tatio
n
,
m
ar
k
etin
g
,
a
d
v
er
tis
em
en
t,
an
d
cu
s
to
m
er
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
m
an
ag
em
en
t
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
I
n
Fin
lan
d
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
[
2
7
]
ex
am
in
ed
th
e
p
r
ed
icto
r
o
f
u
s
in
g
SM
an
d
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
p
r
io
r
o
n
lin
e
s
ale
an
d
h
ig
h
u
s
e
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
I
C
T
)
will
m
o
tiv
a
te
SME
s
to
ad
o
p
t
th
e
SM.
2
.
2
.
T
ec
hn
o
lo
g
ica
l
-
o
rg
a
niza
t
io
na
l
-
env
iro
nm
ent
a
l
Sev
er
al
th
eo
r
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
s
tu
d
y
in
n
o
v
atio
n
ad
o
p
ti
o
n
b
y
s
ev
er
al
r
esear
ch
er
s
.
A
m
o
n
g
th
em
ar
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
-
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
-
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
(
T
OE
)
,
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
o
f
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
(
DOI
)
.
T
OE
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
b
y
s
ev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e.
I
n
a
m
u
lt
i
co
u
n
tr
ies
s
tu
d
y
,
[
2
]
ex
am
i
n
e
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
SM
b
y
SME
s
an
d
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
f
ir
m
in
n
o
v
ativ
en
ess
,
f
ir
m
s
ize
an
d
f
ir
m
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
l
o
ca
tio
n
h
a
v
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
SM
ad
o
p
tio
n
.
I
n
Ma
la
y
s
ia,
[
2
8
]
d
ep
lo
y
ed
T
OE
to
ex
a
m
in
e
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
s
o
cial
cu
s
to
m
er
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
m
an
ag
em
en
t.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
wed
th
at
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
an
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
tex
t
a
r
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
SM
b
y
SME
s
.
Similar
ly
,
th
e
T
OE
was
u
s
ed
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
[
2
0
]
in
Un
i
E
m
ir
at
Ar
ab
(
UAE
)
an
d
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
wed
th
at
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
an
d
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
tal
co
n
tex
t
ar
e
cr
itical
f
o
r
t
h
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
b
u
t
n
o
t
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical.
Similar
f
in
d
in
g
s
wer
e
d
er
iv
e
d
b
y
[
1
4
]
wh
ic
h
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
o
n
ly
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
2
4
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
20
21
:
1
2
2
0
-
1
2
2
7
1222
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
f
ac
to
r
af
f
ec
ted
th
e
SM
ad
o
p
tio
n
.
SM
ad
o
p
tio
n
h
as
n
o
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
b
u
s
in
ess
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
O
n
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
[
2
1
]
in
d
icate
th
at
SM
awa
r
en
ess
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al,
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
tex
t
af
f
ec
ted
th
e
in
ten
tio
n
to
u
s
e
SM
m
ar
k
etin
g
d
u
r
in
g
c
o
r
o
n
a
v
ir
u
s
d
is
ea
s
e
(
C
OVI
D
1
9
)
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al,
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
af
f
ec
ted
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
SM
b
y
SME
s
in
UAE
[
1
2
]
.
2
.
3
.
T
ec
hn
o
lo
g
y
a
cc
ept
a
nce
m
o
del
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
m
o
d
el
(
T
AM
)
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
wid
ely
u
s
ed
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
in
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ad
o
p
tio
n
an
d
it
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
[
2
9
]
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
SM
ad
o
p
tio
n
b
y
SME
s
,
th
e
m
o
d
el
was
u
s
ed
in
f
ew
s
tu
d
ies.
I
n
Ma
la
y
s
ia,
[
3
0
]
d
ep
lo
y
ed
T
AM
t
o
ex
am
in
e
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
SM.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
icate
t
h
at
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
v
ar
iab
le
ar
e
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e,
u
s
ef
u
l
n
ess
,
an
d
en
jo
y
m
en
t.
Similar
ly
,
in
Switzer
lan
d
,
[
3
1
]
ex
am
in
ed
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
S
M
f
o
r
s
tr
ateg
ic
u
s
e
an
d
f
o
u
n
d
th
a
t
p
er
ce
iv
ed
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
an
d
p
e
r
ce
iv
ed
r
is
k
b
u
t
n
o
t
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
h
as
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
e
f
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
SM.
I
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
[
1
6
]
in
US,
th
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
wed
t
h
at
p
er
s
o
n
al
u
s
e
o
f
SM
f
o
r
b
u
s
in
ess
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
b
u
s
in
ess
u
s
e.
T
h
e
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
an
d
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
ar
e
cr
itical.
Per
s
o
n
al
an
d
b
u
s
in
ess
u
s
e
o
f
SM
h
as
n
o
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
r
ev
en
u
e.
I
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
[
3
2
]
,
t
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
wed
th
at
p
er
ce
iv
ed
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
,
p
er
ce
iv
e
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
an
d
p
e
r
ce
iv
e
d
tr
u
s
t
af
f
ec
t
th
e
i
n
ten
tio
n
t
o
u
s
e
SM
b
y
SME
s
in
Ma
lay
s
ia.
2
.
4
.
Unifie
d
t
heo
ry
o
f
a
cc
ept
a
nce
a
nd
us
e
o
f
t
ec
hn
o
lo
g
y
(
UT
AUT)
T
h
e
u
n
if
ied
th
e
o
r
y
o
f
ac
ce
p
ta
n
ce
an
d
u
s
e
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
(
UT
AUT
)
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
th
eo
r
y
th
a
t
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
b
y
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
to
ex
am
i
n
e
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
SM
b
y
S
ME
s
.
UT
AUT
was
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
[
3
3
]
t
o
ex
am
in
e
th
e
b
eh
av
i
o
u
r
al
in
te
n
tio
n
o
f
SME
s
to
ad
o
p
t
SM.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
wed
th
at
p
r
ice
v
alu
e
an
d
task
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
f
it
af
f
ec
te
d
attitu
d
e
wh
ich
in
t
u
r
n
alo
n
g
with
f
a
cilitatin
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
a
f
f
ec
ted
b
eh
av
io
u
r
al
in
ten
tio
n
(
B
I
)
.
I
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
[
3
4
]
,
UT
AUT
was
also
d
ep
lo
y
ed
an
d
t
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
s
h
o
wed
th
at
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ex
p
ec
tan
cy
,
s
o
cial
in
f
lu
en
ce
,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
af
f
ec
ted
th
e
B
I
to
war
d
u
s
in
g
SM
f
o
r
SME
s
m
ar
k
etin
g
.
2
.
5
.
Dif
f
us
io
n o
f
inn
o
v
a
t
io
n
Few
o
f
th
e
r
ev
iewe
d
s
tu
d
ies
h
as
u
s
ed
th
e
DOI
th
eo
r
y
t
o
ex
p
lain
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
SM
b
y
SME
s
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
[
1
7
]
e
x
am
in
ed
th
e
a
d
o
p
tio
n
o
f
f
ac
eb
o
o
k
in
Ma
lay
s
ia
an
d
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
Face
b
o
o
k
u
s
ag
e
af
f
ec
ted
t
h
e
f
in
an
cial
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
C
o
m
p
atib
ilit
y
,
co
s
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
,
a
n
d
in
ter
ac
tiv
ity
af
f
ec
ted
th
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
f
ac
e
b
o
o
k
.
T
r
u
s
t
h
as
in
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
ef
f
ec
t
.
DOI
was
also
d
ep
l
o
y
ed
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
[
1
9
]
a
n
d
th
e
au
th
o
r
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
in
ter
ac
tiv
ity
,
co
s
t
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
,
an
d
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
af
f
ec
ted
th
e
SM
u
s
ag
e
wh
ic
h
in
tu
r
n
af
f
ec
ted
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
e
n
ef
its
.
2
.
6
.
O
t
her
t
heo
ries
T
wo
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
d
ep
lo
y
e
d
d
if
f
er
en
t
th
eo
r
ies
s
u
ch
as
th
e
v
ir
al
m
ar
k
etin
g
th
e
o
r
y
an
d
m
ed
ia
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
icity
th
e
o
r
y
(
MST
)
.
T
h
e
v
ir
al
m
a
r
k
etin
g
t
h
eo
r
y
w
as
d
ep
lo
y
ed
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
[
1
3
]
an
d
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
wed
th
at
SM
h
elp
s
SME
s
in
in
cr
ea
s
e
cu
s
to
m
er
clien
tele,
b
r
an
d
awa
r
e
n
ess
,
lo
y
alty
an
d
r
ep
u
tatio
n
,
r
ed
u
ce
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
an
d
m
ar
k
eti
n
g
co
s
t,
r
e
v
en
u
e
g
en
er
atio
n
,
attr
ac
tin
g
n
ew
cu
s
to
m
er
s
,
an
d
co
m
p
etitiv
e
ad
v
an
tag
e.
I
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
[
3
5
]
,
th
e
MST
was
d
ep
lo
y
ed
u
s
in
g
q
u
alitativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
a
n
d
t
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
s
h
o
we
d
th
at
th
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
SM
is
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
v
a
r
iab
le
with
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
s
ec
u
r
ity
a
n
d
co
n
t
r
o
l
as
e
m
er
g
in
g
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
v
ar
iab
le.
T
h
e
u
s
ag
e
in
clu
d
es m
ar
k
etin
g
,
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
,
a
n
d
co
l
lab
o
r
atio
n
.
3.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
u
s
es
a
q
u
an
titativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
r
e
v
iewin
g
ex
is
tin
g
s
tu
d
ies
in
SM
a
d
o
p
tio
n
b
y
SME
s
.
T
o
id
en
tify
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
elate
d
ar
ticles
to
th
e
to
p
ic
,
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
s
ea
r
ch
r
eliab
le
d
atab
ases
.
Key
wo
r
d
s
s
u
ch
as
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia,
SME
s
,
SM,
s
o
c
i
al
m
ed
ia
ad
o
p
tio
n
b
y
SME
s
an
d
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
th
ese
wo
r
d
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
s
ea
r
ch
f
o
r
ar
ticles
in
web
o
f
s
cien
ce
s
,
s
co
p
u
s
,
an
d
g
o
o
g
l
e
s
ch
o
lar
.
I
n
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
wer
e
ass
ig
n
ed
to
in
clu
d
e
ar
ticles
in
E
n
g
lis
h
b
etwe
en
2
0
1
5
an
d
2
0
2
1
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
th
e
ex
cl
u
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
wer
e
s
et
to
ex
clu
d
e
ar
t
icle
in
n
o
n
-
E
n
g
lis
h
lan
g
u
a
g
e
b
ef
o
r
e
2
0
1
5
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
t
im
e
f
r
am
e
b
etwe
en
2015
-
2
0
2
0
is
to
h
av
e
a
r
ec
e
n
t
v
iew
o
f
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
e
g
ar
d
i
n
g
th
e
to
p
ic
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
Usi
n
g
th
ese
cr
iter
ia,
a
to
tal
o
f
1
4
1
ar
ticles
wer
e
id
e
n
tifie
d
to
b
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
to
p
i
c
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
f
iltra
tio
n
o
f
ar
ticles
h
as
r
ed
u
ce
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ar
ticles
to
2
7
ar
ticles.
On
e
m
o
r
e
ar
ticle
was
in
clu
d
e
d
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
4
d
u
e
to
its
r
elate
d
n
ess
to
th
e
to
p
ic.
T
h
is
m
ak
es
th
e
to
tal
r
ev
iewe
d
ar
ticles
i
s
2
8
ar
ticles.
T
h
e
f
iltra
tio
n
in
clu
d
ed
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ases
.
Du
p
licated
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
E
n
g
lis
h
,
o
u
td
ated
ar
ticles
(
f
ir
s
t
p
h
ase
o
f
f
iltra
tio
n
)
r
e
d
u
ce
d
th
e
ar
ticles
to
5
7
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
r
ea
d
in
g
o
f
titl
e
an
d
ab
s
tr
ac
t
wh
ich
h
as
r
ed
u
ce
d
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
to
3
8
an
d
t
h
e
last
p
h
ase
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
f
u
ll
r
ea
d
in
g
th
e
a
r
ticles
an
d
r
e
s
u
lted
in
2
8
v
alid
ar
ticles.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
f
iltra
tio
n
p
r
o
c
ess
o
f
s
elec
tin
g
th
e
r
elate
d
ar
ticles.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
Th
e
a
d
o
p
tio
n
o
f so
cia
l m
e
d
ia
b
y
s
ma
ll a
n
d
med
i
u
m
en
terp
r
is
e:
a
s
ystema
tic…
(
A
h
med
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b
d
u
lla
h
A
lh
a
ma
mi
)
1223
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fil
tr
atio
n
o
f
ar
ticles
4.
F
I
NDING
S
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
s
y
s
tem
atic
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew?
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
u
s
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
an
aly
s
is
.
I
t
is
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
u
s
in
g
ex
ce
l
s
h
ee
t
th
at
h
elp
s
in
d
r
awin
g
th
e
f
ig
u
r
es.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
in
clu
d
e
th
e
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
r
e
v
iewe
d
ar
ticles
s
u
ch
as
y
ea
r
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
,
co
u
n
tr
y
,
s
tu
d
y
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
,
s
am
p
le,
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
tech
n
iq
u
e,
p
r
ed
icto
r
o
f
ad
o
p
tio
n
an
d
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
.
4
.
1
.
Ye
a
r
o
f
pu
bli
ca
t
io
n
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
th
e
y
ea
r
o
f
p
u
b
lic
atio
n
o
f
th
e
ar
ticles
is
g
iv
e
n
.
I
t
s
h
o
ws
th
at
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
a
r
ticles
in
cr
ea
s
ed
s
tead
il
y
o
v
er
th
e
y
ea
r
s
.
I
n
2
0
1
7
,
th
e
h
ig
h
est
n
u
m
b
er
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
.
Sh
ar
p
d
r
o
p
h
as
b
ee
n
s
ee
n
in
2
0
1
8
.
I
n
2
0
1
9
an
d
2
0
2
0
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ar
ticles
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
.
T
h
is
m
ig
h
t
b
e
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
n
o
tio
n
th
at
th
e
SM
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
a
n
e
ce
s
s
ity
f
o
r
b
u
s
in
ess
es.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Yea
r
o
f
p
u
b
lica
tio
n
4
.
2
.
C
o
un
t
ry
o
f
t
he
Study
T
h
e
co
u
n
tr
y
o
f
o
r
i
g
in
wh
er
e
t
h
e
r
ev
iewe
d
s
tu
d
ies
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cte
d
is
g
iv
en
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
I
t
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
h
ig
h
est
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
o
f
1
4
%
was
co
n
d
u
cted
in
UAE
a
n
d
Ma
lay
s
ia
as
well
as
I
n
d
ia
(
1
4
%
f
o
r
ea
ch
)
.
I
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
r
an
k
is
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
o
f
US,
UK
an
d
I
n
d
o
n
es
ia
with
1
0
%
f
o
r
ea
c
h
co
u
n
tr
y
.
Oth
er
co
u
n
tr
ies
ex
ce
p
t
Au
s
tr
alia
(
7
%)
r
ec
eiv
ed
less
th
an
5
% o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
ies.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
o
u
n
tr
y
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
2
4
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
20
21
:
1
2
2
0
-
1
2
2
7
1224
4
.
3
.
T
heo
re
t
ica
l
f
ra
m
ewo
rk
T
h
eo
r
ies
th
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
ep
lo
y
ed
b
y
th
e
r
ev
iewe
d
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
I
t
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
3
8
%
o
f
th
e
r
ev
iewe
d
s
tu
d
ies
d
id
n
o
t
d
ep
lo
y
an
y
th
eo
r
y
a
n
d
th
ey
wer
e
ex
p
lo
r
ativ
e
in
n
atu
r
e.
A
m
o
n
g
th
e
d
e
p
lo
y
ed
th
eo
r
y
,
th
e
T
OE
r
ec
eiv
ed
2
1
%
o
f
th
e
r
e
v
iewe
d
s
tu
d
ies.
T
h
is
is
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
T
AM
(
1
7
%),
UT
AUT
(
1
0
%),
DOI
(
7
%),
MST
(
4
%),
an
d
v
ir
al
m
ar
k
et
in
g
(
3
%).
I
t
was
n
o
ticed
also
th
at
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
ies
d
id
n
o
t
co
m
b
in
e
th
eo
r
ies to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
in
SME
s
’
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
SM.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
eo
r
etica
l f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
4
.
4
.
Study
a
pp
ro
a
ch
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
th
e
r
ev
iewe
d
s
tu
d
ies
ca
n
b
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
t
o
th
r
ee
ca
teg
o
r
ies.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
is
th
e
em
p
ir
ical
s
tu
d
ies
wh
ich
in
clu
d
e
q
u
alitativ
e
an
d
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
s
tu
d
ies.
T
h
is
ca
teg
o
r
y
ac
co
u
n
ted
to
7
5
%.
R
ev
iew
s
tu
d
ies
ac
co
u
n
ted
to
2
1
% wh
ile
s
tu
d
ies th
at
wer
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
in
n
atu
r
e
ac
co
u
n
te
d
to
4
%.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
ws th
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
th
e
r
e
v
iewe
d
s
tu
d
ies.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
A
p
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
th
e
r
ev
i
ewe
d
s
tu
d
ies
4
.
5
.
Sa
m
ple s
ize
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
o
f
th
e
em
p
ir
i
ca
l
s
tu
d
ies
is
g
iv
en
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
I
t
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
r
an
g
e
d
b
etwe
en
4
2
as
m
in
im
u
m
an
d
6
,
1
2
9
as
a
m
ax
im
u
m
with
a
m
ea
n
o
f
5
4
2
.
T
h
is
s
am
p
le
s
ize
is
lar
g
e
en
o
u
g
h
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
an
d
it
m
ee
ts
th
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
o
f
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
eq
u
atio
n
m
o
d
ellin
g
[
3
6
]
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
o
f
th
e
r
e
v
iewe
d
s
tu
d
ies,
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
wer
e
th
e
m
an
ag
er
o
f
SME
s
ex
ce
p
t
f
o
r
two
s
tu
d
ies
ex
tr
ac
ted
th
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
en
tr
e
p
r
en
e
u
r
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Sam
p
le
s
ize
o
f
th
e
r
e
v
iewe
d
s
tu
d
ies
4
.
6
.
D
a
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
t
o
o
ls
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
f
a
n
aly
s
in
g
th
e
d
ata
o
f
th
e
em
p
ir
ical
s
tu
d
ie
s
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
I
t
s
h
o
ws
th
at
eq
u
ally
t
h
e
s
tatis
tical
p
ac
k
ag
e
f
o
r
s
o
cial
s
cien
ce
(
SP
SS
)
an
d
p
ar
tial
least
s
q
u
ar
e
(
PLS)
h
as
b
ee
n
d
e
p
lo
y
ed
b
y
s
ev
en
s
tu
d
ies f
o
r
ea
ch
.
T
h
e
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
m
o
m
en
t stru
ctu
r
e
(
A
MO
S)
was d
ep
lo
y
ed
in
th
r
ee
s
tu
d
ies.
Fo
u
r
s
tu
d
ies
wer
e
q
u
alitativ
e
in
n
at
u
r
e
an
d
d
ep
lo
y
e
d
th
e
co
n
ten
t a
n
aly
s
is
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
Th
e
a
d
o
p
tio
n
o
f so
cia
l m
e
d
ia
b
y
s
ma
ll a
n
d
med
i
u
m
en
terp
r
is
e:
a
s
ystema
tic…
(
A
h
med
A
b
d
u
lla
h
A
lh
a
ma
mi
)
1225
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Data
an
al
y
s
is
to
o
ls
4
.
7
.
P
re
dict
o
rs a
nd
co
ns
equ
ence
o
f
s
o
cia
l m
edia
a
do
ptio
n
T
h
e
r
e
v
iewe
d
s
tu
d
ies
i
n
d
icate
d
th
at
th
e
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
o
f
SM
v
a
r
ied
.
W
h
ile
s
o
m
e
s
tu
d
ies
r
ef
e
r
to
c
o
s
t
as
an
ess
en
tial
f
ac
to
r
[
1
7
]
,
[
2
8
]
,
o
t
h
er
s
v
iew
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
co
m
p
e
titi
v
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e
a
n
d
cu
s
to
m
er
p
r
ess
u
r
e
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
cr
itical
d
r
iv
er
f
o
r
SM
a
d
o
p
tio
n
[
2
0
]
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
ag
r
ee
d
th
at
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
co
n
te
x
t
is
n
o
t
cr
itical
f
o
r
th
e
a
d
o
p
tio
n
o
f
SM
[
1
4
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
s
tu
d
ies
also
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
c
o
n
tex
t
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
[
1
2
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
s
in
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
co
u
ld
b
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
wh
er
e
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
is
co
n
d
u
cted
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
th
er
e
is
a
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
g
ap
b
etwe
en
d
ev
el
o
p
e
d
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
c
o
u
n
t
r
ies.
Ho
wev
er
,
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
f
o
u
n
d
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
th
o
s
e
th
at
f
o
u
n
d
th
e
v
ar
ia
b
le
is
n
o
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t.
I
n
ter
m
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
,
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
m
i
x
ed
o
p
in
io
n
.
R
esear
ch
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
t
h
e
SM
d
o
es
n
o
t
af
f
ec
t
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
SME
s
wh
ile
o
t
h
e
r
f
o
u
n
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
SM’
s
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
n
f
i
n
an
cial
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
is
is
ag
ain
co
u
ld
b
e
d
u
e
to
th
e
c
o
u
n
tr
y
o
f
o
r
ig
in
a
n
d
d
u
e
to
th
e
n
o
tio
n
th
at
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
is
co
s
tly
an
d
it p
ay
s
o
f
f
in
th
e
s
h
o
r
t te
r
m
.
5.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
to
r
ev
iew
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
s
tu
d
ies
i
n
SM
ad
o
p
tio
n
b
y
SME
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
wed
th
at
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
s
tead
ily
o
v
er
th
e
y
ea
r
s
a
n
d
th
is
s
h
o
ws
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
SM
f
o
r
SME
s
to
s
u
r
v
iv
e
an
d
th
r
iv
e.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
s
is
in
lin
e
with
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
[
8
]
an
d
[
1
0
]
w
h
ich
in
d
icate
th
at
t
h
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
a
m
u
s
t
f
o
r
SME
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
also
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
a
r
ticle
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies
an
d
em
e
r
g
in
g
ec
o
n
o
m
ies
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
.
Mo
r
e
th
a
n
h
alf
o
f
t
h
e
ar
ticles
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
in
co
u
n
tr
ies
s
u
ch
as
UAE
,
Ma
lay
s
ia,
I
n
d
i
a,
an
d
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
co
n
t
r
ad
icts
with
th
e
s
u
g
g
es
tio
n
s
o
f
[
1
3
]
wh
ich
in
d
icate
d
th
at
m
o
s
t
o
f
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
in
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
co
u
n
tr
ies.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
t
h
e
to
p
ic
o
f
a
d
o
p
tin
g
SM
b
y
SME
s
is
s
till
in
its
in
f
an
cy
a
n
d
t
h
is
is
ev
id
en
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
tu
d
ies
wh
ich
wer
e
ex
p
lo
r
ativ
e
in
n
atu
r
e
an
d
d
id
n
o
t
d
e
p
lo
y
th
eo
r
ies.
I
n
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
with
th
is
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
,
[
2
7
]
s
u
g
g
ested
th
at
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
in
to
SM
ad
o
p
tio
n
b
y
SME
s
is
s
til
l
in
its
ea
r
ly
s
tag
e
an
d
th
er
e
ar
e
r
o
o
m
s
to
g
r
o
w.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
wid
ely
u
s
ed
th
eo
r
ies
in
th
e
r
e
v
iewe
d
s
tu
d
ies
is
th
e
T
OE
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
T
AM
an
d
UT
AUT
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
also
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
em
p
ir
ical
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
an
d
th
ey
h
av
e
d
ep
lo
y
ed
ad
e
q
u
ate
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
u
s
in
g
s
ev
er
al
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
tech
n
iq
u
es
s
u
ch
as
S
PS
S,
PLS
an
d
A
MO
S.
I
n
ter
m
o
f
th
e
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
o
f
SM
ad
o
p
tio
n
b
y
SME
s
,
th
e
s
tu
d
ies
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t.
T
h
is
ca
n
ex
p
lain
th
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
T
O
E
wh
ich
is
an
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
lev
el
ad
o
p
tio
n
th
e
o
r
y
w
h
ile
T
A
M
an
d
UT
AUT
a
r
e
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
ad
o
p
ti
o
n
o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
[
3
7
]
.
I
n
ter
m
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
o
f
ad
o
p
tin
g
SM
b
y
SME
s
,
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
wed
th
at
t
h
er
e
ar
e
m
ix
ed
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
with
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
n
eg
ativ
e
o
r
t
h
e
in
s
ig
n
if
ican
t e
f
f
ec
t.
6.
L
I
M
I
T
AT
I
O
N
AND
D
I
R
E
C
T
I
O
N
F
O
R
F
UT
U
RE
WO
R
K
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
b
e
a
r
in
g
in
m
in
d
th
e
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
lim
ited
to
th
e
tim
ef
r
a
m
e
b
etwe
en
2
0
1
5
a
n
d
2
0
2
0
.
I
t
is
al
s
o
lim
ited
to
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
ev
iewe
d
s
tu
d
ies.
As
a
way
t
o
ex
p
an
d
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
it
is
s
u
g
g
ested
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
to
in
clu
d
e
la
r
g
e
r
s
am
p
le
s
ize
b
y
en
lar
g
in
g
th
e
tim
e
f
r
am
e
o
r
b
y
in
clu
d
in
g
m
o
r
e
d
ata
b
ases
.
Fu
tu
r
e
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
s
u
g
g
ested
to
e
x
am
in
e
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
SM
b
y
SME
s
in
t
h
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
c
o
u
n
tr
ies.
Few
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
th
is
to
p
ic
in
co
u
n
tr
ies
in
th
e
Mid
d
le
E
ast
s
u
ch
as
Sau
d
i
Ar
ab
ia,
b
u
t
m
o
r
e
s
tu
d
ies
in
o
th
e
r
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
s
u
ch
a
s
T
u
r
k
ey
,
I
r
an
,
an
d
Af
r
ican
.
Usi
n
g
th
ese
liter
atu
r
e
f
r
o
m
th
ese
co
u
n
tr
ies
will
h
elp
in
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
p
r
ed
ict
o
r
o
f
SM
ad
o
p
tio
n
.
Fu
r
th
er
,
d
u
e
to
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
th
e
n
atu
r
e
o
f
s
er
v
ice
a
n
d
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
i
n
g
SME
s
,
f
u
tu
r
e
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
s
u
g
g
ested
to
co
n
d
u
ct
m
o
r
e
s
tu
d
ies o
n
eit
h
er
s
er
v
ice
o
r
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
SME
s
.
I
n
t
e
r
m
o
f
t
h
e
t
h
e
o
r
i
es
,
p
r
e
v
i
o
u
s
s
t
u
d
i
e
s
r
a
r
e
l
y
c
o
m
b
i
n
e
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
o
n
e
t
h
e
o
r
y
t
o
i
n
c
r
e
as
e
th
e
v
a
r
i
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
e
x
p
l
a
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
S
M
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
b
y
S
M
E
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
i
t
i
s
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
s
t
u
d
ie
s
t
o
e
x
a
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
o
f
S
M
b
y
c
o
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
T
O
E
a
n
d
T
A
M
o
r
T
O
E
a
n
d
s
o
c
i
a
l
e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e
t
h
e
o
r
y
o
r
T
O
E
an
d
U
T
A
U
T
.
T
h
is
i
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
2
4
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
20
21
:
1
2
2
0
-
1
2
2
7
1226
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
c
o
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
o
r
i
e
s
in
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
i
s
t
h
e
n
o
r
m
o
f
t
h
e
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
.
F
o
r
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
U
T
A
U
T
w
as
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
c
o
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
e
i
g
h
t
t
h
e
o
r
i
es
[
3
8
]
.
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
,
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
v
a
r
i
a
b
le
c
a
n
b
e
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
d
i
n
T
OE
t
o
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
t
h
e
m
o
d
e
l
.
F
o
r
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
,
t
h
e
c
h
a
r
a
ct
e
r
is
t
ic
s
o
f
th
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
r
s
o
f
SM
E
s
s
u
c
h
as
t
h
e
i
r
a
g
e
,
g
e
n
d
e
r
,
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
[
3
9
]
c
a
n
p
l
a
y
a
c
r
i
t
ic
a
l
r
o
l
e
i
n
e
x
p
l
a
in
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
r
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
u
r
t
o
w
a
r
d
a
d
o
p
t
i
n
g
S
M
.
Fu
tu
r
e
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
also
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
to
co
n
d
u
ct
m
o
r
e
em
p
ir
ical
s
tu
d
ies
an
d
d
e
p
lo
y
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
eq
u
atio
n
m
o
d
ellin
g
.
SP
SS
i
s
wid
ely
u
s
ed
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
an
d
th
is
ca
n
ex
p
lain
th
e
lack
o
f
u
s
in
g
m
ed
iato
r
an
d
m
o
d
er
ato
r
.
T
h
e
r
ev
iewe
d
s
tu
d
ies
d
id
n
o
t
in
clu
d
e
an
y
in
ter
v
en
in
g
v
ar
ia
b
les
s
u
ch
as
m
ed
iato
r
o
r
co
n
d
itio
n
al
v
ar
iab
le
s
u
ch
as
m
o
d
er
ato
r
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
t
r
u
s
t
is
cr
itical
f
ac
to
r
in
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ad
o
p
tio
n
an
d
in
clu
d
in
g
t
h
is
v
ar
iab
le
as
m
ed
iato
r
o
r
m
o
d
er
ato
r
ca
n
in
c
r
ea
s
e
th
e
v
ar
i
at
io
n
in
SM
ad
o
p
tio
n
b
y
SME
s
.
Oth
er
im
p
o
r
tan
t
v
ar
iab
le
s
u
ch
as
I
T
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
r
ea
d
i
n
ess
ca
n
b
e
also
d
ep
lo
y
ed
as
m
o
d
er
atin
g
v
ar
ia
b
les
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
SM
ad
o
p
tio
n
[
3
7
]
.
L
astl
y
,
th
er
e
ar
e
s
ca
r
ce
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
f
o
cu
s
o
n
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
an
d
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
SM
an
d
SME
s
.
T
h
is
to
p
ic
d
es
er
v
es f
u
r
th
e
r
r
esear
ch
t
o
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
ely
th
e
r
o
l
e
o
f
SM
in
SME
s
.
7.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
as
r
e
v
iewe
d
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
elate
d
to
SM
ad
o
p
tio
n
b
y
SME
s
.
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
an
aly
s
is
wa
s
u
s
ed
to
p
r
esen
t
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
in
d
icate
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ar
ticles
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
o
v
er
y
ea
r
an
d
th
ese
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
b
ei
n
g
co
n
d
u
cte
d
in
em
er
g
in
g
ec
o
n
o
m
ies.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
also
s
h
o
wed
th
at
t
h
er
e
a
r
e
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
e
x
p
lo
r
at
o
r
y
s
tu
d
ies
in
d
icatin
g
t
h
at
th
e
s
tu
d
y
in
SM
a
d
o
p
tio
n
b
y
SME
ar
e
s
till
in
its
ea
r
l
y
s
tag
e
an
d
m
o
r
e
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
.
Mo
s
t
wid
ely
u
s
ed
th
eo
r
y
is
th
e
T
OE
a
n
d
th
is
c
o
u
ld
b
e
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
n
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
th
eo
r
y
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
also
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
is
d
o
m
in
ated
b
y
e
m
p
ir
ical
s
tu
d
ies
with
ad
eq
u
ate
s
am
p
le
s
ize.
T
h
is
also
co
u
ld
ex
p
lain
t
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
e
q
u
atio
n
m
o
d
ellin
g
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
p
r
ed
icto
r
s
o
f
SM
ad
o
p
tio
n
b
y
SME
s
ar
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
a
n
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
tex
t
v
ar
iab
les
an
d
th
e
c
o
n
s
eq
u
en
c
e
o
f
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
is
m
ix
ed
.
M
o
r
e
s
tu
d
ies
in
em
er
g
in
g
ec
o
n
o
m
ies
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
co
n
f
ir
m
t
h
e
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
o
f
ad
o
p
tin
g
SM
b
y
SME
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Da
ta
Re
p
o
rtal
,
“
G
lo
b
a
l
S
o
c
ial
M
e
d
ia
S
tats.”
Da
tare
p
o
rtal.
c
o
m
.
h
tt
p
s:
/
/d
a
tare
p
o
r
tal.
c
o
m
/so
c
ial
-
m
e
d
ia
(
a
c
c
e
ss
e
d
Ju
n
e
,
1
0
,
2
0
2
1
)
.
[2
]
S
.
F
.
Wam
b
a
a
n
d
L.
Ca
rter,
“
S
o
c
ial
m
e
d
ia
to
o
ls
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
a
n
d
u
se
b
y
S
M
ES
:
A
n
e
m
p
iri
c
a
l
stu
d
y
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Or
g
a
n
iz
a
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
En
d
Us
e
r Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
7
,
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
4
0
1
8
/
jo
e
u
c
.
2
0
1
4
0
4
0
1
0
1
.
[3
]
S
.
Ka
rimi
a
n
d
H.
S.
Na
g
h
i
b
i,
“
S
o
c
ial
m
e
d
ia
m
a
rk
e
ti
n
g
(S
M
M
)
stra
teg
ies
fo
r
sm
a
ll
to
m
e
d
iu
m
e
n
terp
rise
s
(S
M
Es),
”
In
t.
J
.
I
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
,
Bu
s.
M
a
n
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
8
6
-
9
9
,
2
0
1
5
.
[4
]
S
.
C
h
a
u
h
a
n
,
R
.
Ba
n
e
rjee
,
C.
C
h
a
k
ra
b
o
rt
y
,
M
.
M
it
tal
,
A.
S
h
iv
a
,
a
n
d
V.
Ra
v
i
,
“
A
se
lf
-
c
o
n
g
r
u
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
imp
u
lse
b
u
y
in
g
e
ffe
c
t
o
n
u
se
r’s
sh
o
p
p
in
g
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
u
r
o
v
e
r
so
c
ial
n
e
two
r
k
in
g
sites
:
a
n
e
m
p
ir
ica
l
stu
d
y
,
”
I
n
t.
J
.
Per
v
a
siv
e
Co
mp
u
t
.
Co
mm
u
n
.
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
8
/IJP
CC
-
01
-
2
0
2
1
-
0
0
1
3
.
[5
]
R.
Wan
g
,
F
.
Zen
g
,
L.
Ya
o
,
a
n
d
J.
Wu
,
“
G
a
m
e
-
th
e
o
re
ti
c
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
d
e
si
g
n
s
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
sis
fo
r
i
n
te
ra
c
ti
o
n
s
a
m
o
n
g
c
o
n
tri
b
u
t
o
rs
i
n
m
o
b
i
le
c
ro
w
d
so
u
rc
in
g
wit
h
w
o
rd
o
f
m
o
u
t
h
,
”
I
EE
E
I
n
ter
n
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
8
2
7
1
-
8
2
8
6
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/JIOT.
2
0
2
0
.
2
9
8
9
7
4
5
.
[6
]
R.
Ata
t,
L.
Li
u
,
J.
W
u
,
G
.
Li
,
C.
Ye
,
a
n
d
Y.
Ya
n
g
,
“
Bi
g
d
a
ta
m
e
e
t
c
y
b
e
r
-
p
h
y
sic
a
l
sy
ste
m
s:
A
p
a
n
o
r
a
m
ic
su
rv
e
y
,
”
IEE
E
Acc
e
ss
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
p
p
.
7
3
6
0
3
-
7
3
6
3
6
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/ACCES
S
.
2
0
1
8
.
2
8
7
8
6
8
1
.
[7
]
J.
Wu
,
S
.
G
u
o
,
H.
Hu
a
n
g
,
W
.
Li
u
,
a
n
d
Y.
Xia
n
g
,
“
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
fo
r
su
sta
in
a
b
le
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
g
o
a
ls:
sta
te
-
of
-
th
e
-
a
rt,
n
e
e
d
s
a
n
d
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
s,”
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
S
u
rv
e
y
s
&
T
u
to
ria
ls
,
v
o
l.
2
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
3
8
9
-
2
4
0
6
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/COM
S
T
.
2
0
1
8
.
2
8
1
2
3
0
1
.
[8
]
S
.
Ai
n
in
,
F
.
P
a
rv
e
e
n
,
S
.
M
o
g
h
a
v
v
e
m
i,
N.
I.
Ja
a
fa
r,
a
n
d
N.
L.
M
.
S
h
u
ib
,
“
F
a
c
to
rs
in
fl
u
e
n
c
i
n
g
th
e
u
se
o
f
so
c
ial
m
e
d
i
a
b
y
S
M
Es
a
n
d
it
s
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
u
tco
m
e
s,”
In
d
u
stria
l
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
&
Da
ta
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
1
1
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
5
7
0
-
5
8
8
,
2
0
1
5
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
8
/I
M
DS
-
07
-
2
0
1
4
-
0
2
0
5
.
[9
]
H.
H.
Attar,
A.
A.
A.
S
o
l
y
m
a
n
,
A.
Alro
sa
n
,
C.
Ch
a
k
ra
b
o
rt
y
,
a
n
d
M
.
R.
Kh
o
sra
v
i,
“
De
term
in
isti
c
c
o
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
h
y
b
rid
rin
g
-
m
e
sh
n
e
two
r
k
c
o
d
in
g
fo
r
b
i
g
d
a
ta
tran
sm
issio
n
o
v
e
r
lo
ss
y
c
h
a
n
n
e
ls
in
5
G
n
e
two
rk
s,”
EURA
S
IP
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
n
W
ire
les
s Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s a
n
d
Ne
two
rk
in
g
,
v
o
l.
2
0
2
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
8
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
8
6
/s1
3
6
3
8
-
0
2
1
-
0
2
0
3
2
-
z
.
[1
0
]
M
.
M
c
Ca
n
n
a
n
d
A.
Ba
rlo
w,
“
Us
e
a
n
d
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
o
f
S
o
c
ial
M
e
d
ia
fo
r
S
M
Es,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
m
a
l
l
Bu
si
n
e
ss
a
n
d
En
ter
p
rise
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
2
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
4
1
-
2
4
9
,
2
0
1
5
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
8
/JS
BED
-
08
-
2
0
1
2
-
0
0
9
6
.
[1
1
]
R.
Bo
c
c
o
n
c
e
ll
i,
M
.
C
io
p
p
i,
a
n
d
A.
P
a
g
a
n
o
,
“
S
o
c
ial
m
e
d
ia
a
s
a
re
so
u
rc
e
in
S
M
Es’
sa
les
p
r
o
c
e
ss
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Bu
sin
e
ss
&
In
d
u
stri
a
l
M
a
rk
e
ti
n
g
,
v
o
l.
3
2
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
6
9
3
-
7
0
9
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
8
/JBIM
-
11
-
2
0
1
4
-
0
2
4
4
.
[1
2
]
A.
R.
Ab
u
Ba
k
a
r,
S
.
Z
.
A
h
m
a
d
,
a
n
d
N.
A
h
m
a
d
,
“
S
M
E
so
c
ial
m
e
d
i
a
u
se
:
A
stu
d
y
o
f
p
re
d
icti
v
e
fa
c
to
rs
in
t
h
e
Un
i
ted
Ara
b
Emira
tes
,
”
Glo
b
.
Bu
s.
Or
g
a
n
.
Exc
e
ll
.
,
v
o
l.
3
8
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
5
3
-
6
8
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
2
/
jo
e
.
2
1
9
5
1
.
[1
3
]
S
.
Z.
Ah
m
a
d
,
N.
Ah
m
a
d
,
a
n
d
A.
R.
Ab
u
Ba
k
a
r,
“
Re
flec
t
io
n
s
o
f
e
n
trep
re
n
e
u
rs
o
f
sm
a
ll
a
n
d
m
e
d
iu
m
-
siz
e
d
e
n
terp
rise
s
c
o
n
c
e
rn
in
g
t
h
e
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
o
f
so
c
ial
m
e
d
ia
a
n
d
it
s
im
p
a
c
t
o
n
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
u
tc
o
m
e
s:
Ev
i
d
e
n
c
e
fro
m
th
e
UA
E,
”
T
e
lem
a
ti
c
s a
n
d
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
6
-
1
7
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
tele
.
2
0
1
7
.
0
9
.
0
0
6
.
[1
4
]
S
.
Z.
Ah
m
a
d
,
A.
R
.
Ab
u
Ba
k
a
r,
a
n
d
N.
Ah
m
a
d
,
“
S
o
c
ial
m
e
d
ia
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
a
n
d
it
s
imp
a
c
t
o
n
f
irm
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
:
th
e
c
a
se
o
f
th
e
UA
E,
”
In
t
.
J
.
E
n
tre
p
.
Beh
a
v
.
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
2
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
8
4
-
1
1
1
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
8
/IJEBR
-
08
-
2
0
1
7
-
0
2
9
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
Th
e
a
d
o
p
tio
n
o
f so
cia
l m
e
d
ia
b
y
s
ma
ll a
n
d
med
i
u
m
en
terp
r
is
e:
a
s
ystema
tic…
(
A
h
med
A
b
d
u
lla
h
A
lh
a
ma
mi
)
1227
[1
5
]
S
.
Ch
a
tt
e
rjee
a
n
d
A.
Ku
m
a
r
Ka
r,
“
Wh
y
d
o
sm
a
ll
a
n
d
m
e
d
iu
m
e
n
t
e
rp
rise
s
u
se
so
c
ial
m
e
d
ia
m
a
rk
e
ti
n
g
a
n
d
wh
a
t
i
s
th
e
imp
a
c
t:
Emp
iri
c
a
l
i
n
sig
h
ts
f
ro
m
In
d
ia,”
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
v
o
l
.
5
3
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
ij
in
f
o
m
g
t.
2
0
2
0
.
1
0
2
1
0
3
.
[
16]
M
.
C.
G
a
v
in
o
,
D.
E.
Wi
ll
iam
s,
D.
Ja
c
o
b
so
n
,
a
n
d
I.
S
m
it
h
,
“
L
a
ti
n
o
e
n
trep
re
n
e
u
rs
a
n
d
s
o
c
ial
m
e
d
ia
a
d
o
p
t
io
n
:
p
e
rso
n
a
l
a
n
d
b
u
sin
e
ss
so
c
ial
n
e
two
rk
p
latfo
rm
s,”
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
Res
e
a
rc
h
Rev
iew
,
v
o
l
.
4
2
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
6
9
-
4
9
4
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
8
/M
RR
-
02
-
2
0
1
8
-
0
0
9
5
.
[1
7
]
F
.
P
a
r
v
e
e
n
,
N.
I
.
Ja
a
fa
r,
a
n
d
S
.
Ain
in
,
“
S
o
c
ial
m
e
d
ia
u
sa
g
e
a
n
d
o
r
g
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
:
Re
flec
ti
o
n
s
o
f
M
a
lay
sia
n
so
c
ial
m
e
d
ia
m
a
n
a
g
e
rs,”
T
e
lem
a
t.
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s
,
v
o
l.
3
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
6
7
-
7
8
,
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
tele
.
2
0
1
4
.
0
3
.
0
0
1
.
[1
8
]
V.
Du
to
t
a
n
d
F
.
Be
rg
e
r
o
n
,
“
F
r
o
m
stra
teg
ic
o
rien
tatio
n
to
so
c
ial
m
e
d
ia
o
rien
tatio
n
:
imp
r
o
v
i
n
g
S
M
Es’
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
n
so
c
ial
m
e
d
ia,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
m
a
ll
Bu
si
n
e
ss
a
n
d
En
ter
p
rise
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
,
v
o
l
.
2
3
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
1
6
5
-
1
1
9
0
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
8
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9
]
R.
Od
o
o
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,
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Do
rs
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n
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a
n
d
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.
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h
e
a
m
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g
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ts
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ial
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m
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d
iu
m
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siz
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n
terp
ris
e
s
(S
M
Es),
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o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
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n
te
rp
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rm
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0
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AlS
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a
rji
,
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.
Z.
A
h
m
a
d
,
a
n
d
A.
R.
Ab
u
Ba
k
a
r,
“
Un
d
e
rsta
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n
g
so
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ial
m
e
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ia
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d
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p
ti
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in
S
M
Es:
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iri
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id
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c
e
fr
o
m
th
e
Un
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e
d
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a
b
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tes
,
”
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o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
tre
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re
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rs
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ip
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rg
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[2
1
]
M
.
I.
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n
d
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S
u
g
a
n
d
i
n
i,
a
n
d
Y.
Ista
n
to
,
“
S
o
c
ial
M
e
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ia
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o
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ti
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p
a
c
ted
b
y
COV
ID
-
1
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:
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TO
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o
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e
l,
”
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h
e
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o
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r
n
a
l
o
f
Asia
n
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n
a
n
c
e
,
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n
o
mic
s,
a
n
d
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u
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ss
,
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l.
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o
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p
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4
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2
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4
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p
a
g
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.
[2
2
]
S
.
S
.
Ab
e
d
,
Y.
K.
Dw
iv
e
d
i,
a
n
d
M
.
D.
Wi
ll
iam
s,
“
S
M
Es’
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
o
f
e
-
c
o
m
m
e
rc
e
u
sin
g
so
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ial
m
e
d
ia
in
a
S
a
u
d
i
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b
ian
c
o
n
tex
t:
A
s
y
ste
m
a
ti
c
li
t
e
ra
tu
re
re
v
iew
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
B
u
sin
e
ss
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n
fo
rm
a
ti
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y
ste
ms
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1
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p
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5
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0
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2
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.
[2
3
]
W.
He
,
F
.
K.
Wa
n
g
,
Y.
Ch
e
n
,
a
n
d
S
.
Z
h
a
,
“
An
e
x
p
l
o
ra
to
ry
in
v
e
stig
a
ti
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o
f
so
c
ial
m
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ia
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
b
y
sm
a
l
l
b
u
sin
e
ss
e
s,”
In
f.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
M
a
n
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
1
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7
9
9
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5
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0
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4
3
-
3
.
[2
4
]
S
.
Bu
r
g
e
ss
,
C.
S
e
ll
it
t
o
,
C
.
Co
x
,
J.
Bu
u
lt
jen
s
,
a
n
d
S
.
B
in
g
ley
,
“
An
I
n
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
Diff
u
sio
n
Ap
p
ro
a
c
h
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o
Ex
a
m
in
in
g
t
h
e
Ad
o
p
t
io
n
o
f
S
o
c
ial
M
e
d
ia
b
y
S
m
a
ll
Bu
si
n
e
ss
e
s:
a
n
A
u
stra
li
a
n
Ca
se
S
tu
d
y
,
”
P
a
c
if
ic
Asia
J
o
u
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a
l
o
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th
e
Asso
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p
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1
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7
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0
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p
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s.0
9
3
0
1
.
[2
5
]
M
.
Ya
d
a
v
,
“
S
o
c
ial
m
e
d
ia
a
s
a
m
a
rk
e
ti
n
g
t
o
o
l
:
O
p
p
o
rtu
n
it
ies
a
n
d
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s,”
In
d
ia
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
M
a
r
k
e
ti
n
g
,
v
o
l.
4
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
6
-
2
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
6
]
A.
Ku
m
a
r,
a
n
d
N.
A
y
e
d
e
e
,
“
S
o
c
ial
M
e
d
ia
To
o
ls
f
o
r
B
u
sin
e
ss
G
ro
wth
o
f
S
M
Es,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
a
n
a
n
g
e
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
3
7
-
1
4
2
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
7
]
H.
Ko
sk
i,
M
.
P
a
jari
n
e
n
,
a
n
d
P
.
R
o
u
v
in
e
n
,
“
Wh
a
t
c
o
m
p
a
n
y
c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
a
re
a
ss
o
c
iate
d
with
th
e
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
o
f
so
c
ial
m
e
d
ia?
,
”
In
d
u
stry
a
n
d
In
n
o
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n
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2
6
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o
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8
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p
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1
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6
0
5
4
.
[2
8
]
A.
Ah
a
n
i,
N.
Z
.
A.
Ra
h
im,
a
n
d
M
.
Nilas
h
i
,
“
F
o
re
c
a
stin
g
so
c
ial
C
RM
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
in
S
M
Es:
A
c
o
m
b
i
n
e
d
S
EM
-
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
two
rk
m
e
th
o
d
,
”
Co
mp
u
ter
s in
Hu
ma
n
Beh
a
v
i
o
r
,
v
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l.
7
5
,
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p
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5
6
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7
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o
i:
1
0
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0
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6
/
j.
c
h
b
.
2
0
1
7
.
0
5
.
0
3
2
.
[2
9
]
F
.
D.
Da
v
is,
“
P
e
rc
e
iv
e
d
Us
e
fu
ln
e
ss
,
P
e
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c
e
iv
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d
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e
o
f
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e
,
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n
d
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r
Ac
c
e
p
tan
c
e
o
f
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
”
M
I
S
q
u
a
rte
rly
,
v
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l.
1
3
,
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o
.
3
,
p
p
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3
1
9
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0
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9
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d
o
i:
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0
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2
3
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2
4
9
0
0
8
.
[3
0
]
S
.
A.
Ra
z
a
k
,
D.
N
o
r,
A.
Bin
,
a
n
d
M
.
Latip
,
“
F
a
c
to
rs
Th
a
t
I
n
flu
e
n
c
e
Th
e
Us
a
g
e
o
f
S
o
c
ial
M
e
d
ia
In
M
a
rk
e
ti
n
g
,
”
Qu
e
s
t
J
o
u
rn
a
ls J.
Res
.
Bu
s.
M
a
n
a
g
.
,
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l
.
4
,
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o
.
2
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p
p
.
2
3
4
7
-
3
0
0
2
,
2
0
1
6
.
[3
1
]
M
.
Be
ier
a
n
d
K.
Wag
n
e
r,
“
S
o
c
ia
l
m
e
d
ia
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
:
Ba
rriers
to
th
e
stra
teg
ic
u
se
o
f
so
c
ial
m
e
d
ia
in
S
M
Es,
”
In
2
4
th
Eu
r.
Co
n
f.
In
f
.
S
y
st.
(
ECIS
)
,
2
0
1
6
.
[3
2
]
A.
T.
Ra
m
a
c
h
a
n
d
ra
n
,
N
.
Ah
m
a
d
,
S
.
M
isk
o
n
,
N.
A.
Ia
h
a
d
,
a
n
d
N.
M
.
Ali,
“
F
a
c
to
rs i
n
flu
e
n
c
in
g
th
e
a
d
o
p
ti
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f
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ial
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in
se
rv
ice
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c
to
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sm
a
ll
a
n
d
m
e
d
i
u
m
e
n
ter
p
rise
s
(S
m
e
s),”
Ad
v
.
In
tell.
S
y
st.
Co
m
p
u
t
.
,
v
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l
.
1
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,
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o
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3
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2
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_
8
6
.
[3
3
]
S
.
Va
tan
a
sa
k
d
a
k
u
l,
C
.
Ao
u
n
,
a
n
d
Y.
H.
S
.
P
u
tra,
“
S
o
c
ial
m
e
d
ia
in
m
icro
-
e
n
terp
rise
s:
Ex
p
l
o
rin
g
a
d
o
p
t
io
n
in
th
e
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
re
tail
se
c
to
r
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Glo
b
a
l
In
fo
rm
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t
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M
a
n
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g
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l.
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IM
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0
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0
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1
0
.
[3
4
]
F
.
A.
Ab
d
a
t,
“
Us
in
g
UTAU
T
M
o
d
e
l
to
P
re
d
ict
S
o
c
ial
M
e
d
ia
A
d
o
p
ti
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n
a
m
o
n
g
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
S
M
Es,
”
S
a
u
d
i
J
.
Eco
n
.
Fi
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n
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.
,
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l
.
4
,
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o
.
1
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p
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4
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o
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2
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0
.
v
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4
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0
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0
0
3
.
[3
5
]
W.
Y.
C.
Wan
g
,
D.
J.
P
a
u
lee
n
,
a
n
d
T.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
“
Ho
w
so
c
ial
m
e
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a
p
p
li
c
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ti
o
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s
a
ffe
c
t
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o
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m
u
n
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ti
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n
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n
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imp
ro
v
e
b
u
sin
e
ss
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
in
S
M
Es,
”
In
d
u
stri
a
l
M
a
rk
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ti
n
g
M
a
n
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g
e
me
n
t
,
v
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l.
5
4
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p
.
4
-
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,
2
0
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6
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o
i:
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6
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.
in
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m
a
rm
a
n
.
2
0
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5
.
1
2
.
0
0
4
.
[3
6
]
Ha
ir,
T.
M
.
H
u
lt
,
C.
M
.
Ri
n
g
le,
a
n
d
M
.
S
a
rste
d
t
,
“
A
P
rime
r
o
n
P
a
r
ti
a
l
Lea
st
S
q
u
a
re
s
S
tru
c
t
u
ra
l
Eq
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a
ti
o
n
M
o
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e
li
n
g
(P
LS
-
S
E
M
)
,
”
In
S
a
g
e
p
u
b
li
c
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ti
o
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,
2
n
d
e
d
.
Th
o
u
sa
n
d
Oa
k
e
s,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
7
]
M
.
Ka
y
a
li
,
N.
S
a
fie,
a
n
d
M
.
M
u
k
h
tar,
“
T
h
e
Eff
e
c
t
o
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