I
nd
o
ne
s
ia
n J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l En
g
ineering
a
nd
Co
m
p
u
t
er
Science
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
6
3
5
~
6
4
1
I
SS
N:
2
5
02
-
4
7
5
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,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
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9
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j
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cs.v
2
1
.i
2
.
pp
635
-
6
4
1
635
J
o
ur
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:
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ttp
:
//ij
ee
cs.ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
So
lv
ing
co
m
bined
econo
m
i
c e
m
iss
io
n dispa
tch
proble
m
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n w
ind
integra
ted
po
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m
s
Su
re
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Re
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t
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il
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a
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a
n
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e
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En
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W
o
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Un
iv
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rsit
y
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Da
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jeo
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Re
p
u
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nfo
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to
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c
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tch
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p
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f
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th
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ste
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ro
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term
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ste
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tc
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w
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d
p
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c
c
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g
ly
.
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e
,
th
e
C
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p
ro
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lem
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so
lv
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d
b
y
in
c
lu
d
i
n
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th
e
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r
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h
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ra
c
teristics
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f
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stic b
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a
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e
p
u
rp
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o
f
th
is
CEE
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p
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b
lem
is
to
o
p
ti
m
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f
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c
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d
e
m
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to
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m
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g
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m
a
p
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h
.
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e
p
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p
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lv
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sin
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m
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f
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sib
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f
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m
o
n
stra
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n
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to
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s
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eu
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i
s
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ith
m
s
R
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w
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Un
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tai
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p
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CC B
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C
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Su
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R
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d
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lk
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ti
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
R
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r
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W
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s
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ay
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u
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n
-
3
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,
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ail: s
u
r
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n
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w
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u
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.
k
r
1.
I
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UCT
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in
d
p
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t
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g
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t
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as
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w
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T
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g
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(
R
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s
)
i
n
cl
u
d
e
w
i
n
d
en
er
g
y
,
s
o
lar
th
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m
al
e
n
er
g
y
,
p
h
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to
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o
ltaic
e
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g
y
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b
io
m
a
s
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g
eo
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m
al
tech
n
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l
o
g
y
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h
y
d
r
o
elec
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w
it
h
a
ca
p
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f
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t
h
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6
0
m
e
g
a
w
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s
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tid
al
o
r
w
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tio
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d
f
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ll,
etc.
T
h
e
R
E
R
s
h
a
v
e
s
ev
er
al
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v
a
n
ta
g
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s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
o
u
r
ce
s
[
1
]
.
So
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
o
f
p
o
w
er
g
e
n
er
ate
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
e
R
E
R
s
in
cl
u
d
e:
t
h
e
p
o
ten
t
ial
f
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r
lo
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o
r
n
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f
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e
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co
s
t,
p
o
ten
tial
to
u
tili
ze
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elati
v
el
y
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m
all,
m
o
d
u
lar
p
lan
t
s
izes,
s
i
g
n
if
ican
tl
y
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ed
u
ce
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
e
f
f
ec
ts
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
f
o
s
s
i
l
f
u
e
ls
i.e
.
,
th
e
ab
ilit
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to
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
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m
ate
c
h
a
n
g
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r
ed
u
ctio
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,
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
t
h
e
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ep
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ce
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n
v
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tio
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r
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s
w
h
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ca
n
m
in
i
m
ize
r
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n
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in
g
o
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co
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ts
,
an
d
th
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p
o
ten
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f
o
r
u
s
e
in
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
d
g
en
er
atio
n
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
2
]
.
H
o
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
e
s
in
clu
d
e:
r
elativ
e
l
y
h
ig
h
ca
p
ital
co
s
t,
u
n
ev
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n
g
eo
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r
ap
h
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d
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s
tr
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s
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ter
m
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t
o
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r
tai
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o
f
p
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p
r
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d
u
ctio
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,
etc.
T
h
e
ai
m
i
n
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
a
n
y
o
f
to
d
a
y
’
s
c
o
m
p
le
x
p
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w
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s
y
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te
m
is
to
m
ee
t
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d
e
m
a
n
d
f
o
r
p
o
w
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at
l
o
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est
p
o
s
s
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co
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w
h
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m
a
in
ta
in
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n
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s
a
f
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,
r
eliab
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d
co
n
ti
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it
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o
f
s
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r
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Op
ti
m
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m
o
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ca
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w
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e
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g
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i
ts
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t
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s
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m
s
h
ar
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m
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v
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all
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atio
n
.
C
o
n
s
ta
n
tl
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cr
ea
s
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g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
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4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
6
3
5
-
6
4
1
636
f
u
e
l
p
r
ices,
s
u
p
p
lies
a
n
d
m
a
in
te
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ce
co
m
p
elled
th
e
p
o
w
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co
m
p
a
n
ies
to
m
ai
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tai
n
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
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elatio
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b
et
w
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th
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co
s
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p
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e
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ated
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d
th
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co
s
t o
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eliv
er
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
to
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
ice
o
f
en
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g
y
p
r
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d
u
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d
d
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i
x
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co
s
t
ar
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in
d
ep
en
d
en
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o
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p
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o
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it
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o
f
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p
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la
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ter
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ital,
tax
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s
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d
in
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ta
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u
n
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i
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g
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s
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v
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ies
p
r
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p
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ter
m
s
o
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alar
ies
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d
m
ai
n
te
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a
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r
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g
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atch
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E
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p
r
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b
lem
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th
e
tr
ad
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n
al/co
n
v
en
t
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n
al
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
ap
p
lied
d
ir
e
ctly
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
p
r
o
h
ib
ited
zo
n
es
(
d
is
co
n
tin
u
itie
s
)
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
cr
e
m
en
tal
co
s
t
cu
r
v
e
[
4
]
.
No
w
ad
a
y
s
,
th
e
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
e
m
is
s
io
n
h
as
b
ee
n
a
m
aj
o
r
co
n
ce
r
n
in
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Mu
lti
-
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
b
ased
C
E
E
D
is
s
o
lv
ed
f
o
r
m
i
n
i
m
iz
in
g
f
u
el
co
s
ts
an
d
e
m
is
s
io
n
w
h
ic
h
in
t
u
r
n
d
eter
m
in
es
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
s
iz
in
g
o
f
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
en
er
g
y
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
[
5
]
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
es
C
E
E
D
f
o
r
s
o
lar
P
V
in
teg
r
ated
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
m
u
ltip
le
th
er
m
al
a
n
d
s
o
lar
P
V
u
n
its
[
6
,
7
]
.
A
co
n
v
ex
m
o
d
el
o
f
C
E
E
D
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
R
E
R
s
i
n
a
m
icr
o
g
r
id
(
MG
)
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
is
s
o
lv
ed
in
[
8
]
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
m
u
lti
-
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
m
u
lti
-
v
er
s
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
s
o
lv
i
n
g
C
E
E
D
an
d
co
m
b
i
n
ed
h
ea
t
an
d
p
o
w
er
E
E
D
p
r
o
b
lem
s
[
9
]
.
A
C
E
E
D
i
s
s
o
lv
ed
f
o
r
th
e
i
n
te
g
r
ated
r
eg
io
n
al
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
d
e
m
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
[
1
0
]
.
S
o
lv
es
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
C
E
E
D
p
r
o
b
le
m
o
f
MG
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
ec
o
n
o
m
y
a
n
d
to
p
r
o
tect
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
1
1
]
.
Mu
lti
-
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
C
E
E
D
p
r
o
b
le
m
o
f
co
m
b
i
n
ed
h
ea
t
an
d
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
atio
n
i
n
a
lar
g
e
MG
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
1
2
]
.
An
e
x
c
h
an
g
e
m
ar
k
et
al
g
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
s
o
l
v
i
n
g
C
E
E
D
p
r
o
b
lem
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
g
e
n
er
atin
g
u
n
it
s
i
n
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
[
1
3
]
.
Dif
f
er
en
t
ial
e
v
o
lu
t
io
n
-
c
r
o
s
s
o
v
er
q
u
a
n
t
u
m
p
ar
ticle
s
w
ar
m
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
[
1
4
]
f
o
r
s
o
lv
in
g
th
e
C
E
E
D
p
r
o
b
lem
.
P
r
esen
ts
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
i
v
e
r
ev
ie
w
o
f
r
ec
en
t
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
a
n
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
C
E
E
D
p
r
o
b
lem
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
t
h
e
R
E
R
s
[
1
5
]
.
S
o
lv
es
C
E
E
D
p
r
o
b
lem
to
m
ee
t
r
eq
u
ir
ed
lo
ad
d
em
an
d
at
m
in
i
m
u
m
o
p
er
atin
g
co
s
t
a
n
d
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
el
b
ase
d
p
o
w
er
p
lan
t
s
[
1
6
]
.
I
n
th
e
p
r
esen
t
p
ap
er
,
th
e
i
n
ter
m
itte
n
t
b
e
h
av
io
r
o
f
w
i
n
d
g
e
n
e
r
ato
r
s
,
r
am
p
r
ates
an
d
p
r
o
h
ib
it
ed
o
p
er
atin
g
zo
n
es
(
P
OZ
s
)
ef
f
ec
t
s
o
f
t
h
er
m
al
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
ar
e
in
cl
u
d
ed
in
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
E
E
D
m
o
d
el.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
i
s
w
i
n
d
f
o
r
ec
ast
u
n
ce
r
tai
n
t
y
,
th
e
ac
tu
al
p
o
w
er
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
w
il
l
d
if
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
c
h
ed
u
led
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
s
y
s
te
m
o
p
er
ato
r
(
SO)
s
h
o
u
ld
ev
al
u
ate
a
r
is
k
o
f
o
v
er
-
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
/
u
n
d
er
-
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
th
e
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
f
o
r
m
u
lates
E
E
D
p
r
o
b
lem
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
s
in
v
o
lv
ed
d
u
e
to
o
v
er
an
d
u
n
d
er
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
,
an
d
p
ar
ticle
s
w
ar
m
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
(
P
SO)
is
u
s
ed
to
s
o
lv
e
th
i
s
E
E
D
p
r
o
b
le
m
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
ex
a
m
in
ed
o
n
s
i
x
u
n
it
te
s
t
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lt
s
,
it
i
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
t
h
at
s
o
l
v
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
C
E
E
D
p
r
o
b
lem
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
P
S
O
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
an
d
s
at
is
f
ac
to
r
y
o
u
tco
m
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
ex
is
tin
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
m
ai
n
d
er
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
is
ar
r
an
g
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
s
.
Sectio
n
2
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
m
o
d
el
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
C
E
E
D
p
r
o
b
lem
.
S
ec
tio
n
3
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
m
o
d
eli
n
g
o
f
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
an
d
p
o
w
e
r
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
es
u
lts
ar
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
e
d
in
Sectio
n
4
.
Fin
a
ll
y
,
t
h
e
p
ap
er
is
co
n
clu
d
ed
in
Sect
io
n
5.
2.
CE
E
D:
P
RO
B
L
E
M
F
O
R
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
e
s
h
ap
es
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
-
o
u
tp
u
t
a
n
d
in
cr
e
m
e
n
tal
f
u
el
r
ate
cu
r
v
es
ar
e
n
o
t
ch
a
n
g
ed
b
y
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
f
u
els
o
r
b
y
ch
an
g
es
i
n
t
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
s
a
m
e
f
u
el.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
,
i
f
t
h
e
in
cr
e
m
en
tal
c
u
r
v
e
s
ar
e
p
lo
tted
w
i
th
in
cr
e
m
en
tal
co
s
t
as
th
e
v
er
tica
l
s
ca
le,
t
h
e
r
atio
o
f
co
s
t
o
f
f
u
el
b
ei
n
g
b
u
r
n
ed
to
co
s
t
o
f
f
u
el
f
o
r
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
cu
r
v
es
ar
e
d
r
a
w
n
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as
a
m
u
ltip
l
y
in
g
f
ac
to
r
.
T
h
is
f
ac
to
r
i
s
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
co
r
r
ec
t
f
o
r
f
u
el
co
s
t
ch
a
n
g
es
f
o
r
an
y
o
r
all
o
f
th
e
u
n
i
ts
.
B
y
t
h
is
m
ea
n
s
,
it
i
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
s
o
l
v
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
lo
ad
in
g
p
r
o
b
lem
u
n
d
er
all
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
f
u
el
co
s
t.
Fu
e
l
co
s
t is th
e
p
r
in
c
ip
al
f
ac
to
r
o
f
g
en
er
atio
n
co
s
t [
1
7
]
.
2
.
1
.
E
co
no
m
ic
d
is
pa
t
ch
(
E
D
)
o
bje
ct
iv
e
Her
e,
th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
E
D
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
t
h
e
m
i
n
i
m
izatio
n
o
f
o
p
er
atin
g
/
f
u
e
l
co
s
t
o
f
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
th
er
m
a
l
a
n
d
w
i
n
d
g
en
er
ato
r
s
a
lo
n
g
w
it
h
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
s
i
n
v
o
l
v
ed
d
u
e
to
o
v
er
/u
n
d
er
es
ti
m
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
is
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
i
s
v
a
lid
f
o
r
an
y
ti
m
e
p
er
io
d
,
an
d
it is
ex
p
r
e
s
s
ed
as [
1
8
]
,
m
i
n
i
m
ize,
∑
(
)
∑
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
1
)
First ter
m
i
s
q
u
ad
r
atic
co
s
t o
f
t
h
er
m
al
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
,
an
d
it is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
:
(
)
(
2
)
w
h
er
e
a
i
,
b
i
,
c
i
ar
e
f
u
el
co
s
t
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
i
th
co
n
v
e
n
t
io
n
al
th
er
m
al
g
e
n
er
ato
r
,
an
d
th
e
q
u
ad
r
atic
co
s
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
w
i
ll
v
ar
ies
d
ep
en
d
in
g
u
p
o
n
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
u
el
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
f
u
e
l
co
s
t
m
in
i
m
iza
tio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
w
i
th
v
al
v
e
p
o
in
t
lo
ad
in
g
(
VP
L
)
ef
f
ec
t i
s
ex
p
r
es
s
ed
as [
1
9
]
,
m
in
i
m
ize,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
S
o
lvin
g
c
o
mb
in
ed
ec
o
n
o
mic
e
mis
s
io
n
d
is
p
a
tch
p
r
o
b
lem
in
w
in
d
in
teg
r
a
ted
p
o
w
er
… (
S
u
r
en
d
er R
ed
d
y
S
a
lku
ti
)
637
∑
*
|
(
(
)
)
|
+
(
3
)
Seco
n
d
ter
m
is
d
ir
ec
t c
o
s
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
f
o
r
th
e
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
,
an
d
it is
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
:
(
)
(
4
)
T
h
ir
d
ter
m
is
p
e
n
alt
y
co
s
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
ac
co
u
n
t
s
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
u
n
d
er
-
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
is
co
s
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
ca
n
al
s
o
b
e
r
elate
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
v
ar
ian
ce
o
f
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
;
n
o
r
m
al
l
y
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
ab
o
v
e
th
e
s
ch
ed
u
led
v
al
u
e
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
is
f
u
n
ctio
n
h
e
lp
s
u
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
e
x
ce
s
s
p
o
w
er
it
m
i
g
h
t
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
at
th
e
s
ch
ed
u
led
v
al
u
e,
an
d
th
i
s
p
en
a
lt
y
co
s
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
es
s
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
,
(
)
(
)
∫
(
)
(
)
(
5
)
Fo
u
r
th
ter
m
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
a
v
aila
b
le
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
b
ein
g
le
s
s
t
h
an
f
o
r
ec
asted
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
[
2
1
]
,
an
d
it
is
ter
m
ed
as
t
h
e
o
v
er
-
esti
m
at
io
n
co
s
t.
T
h
is
co
s
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
h
elp
s
u
s
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
d
ef
icit
p
o
w
er
it
m
i
g
h
t
p
r
o
d
u
ce
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
an
d
it is
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
as
,
(
)
(
)
∫
(
)
(
)
(
6
)
As
m
en
tio
n
ed
ea
r
lier
,
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
is
t
h
e
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
m
i
n
i
m
izatio
n
,
an
d
it is
f
o
r
m
u
lated
n
e
x
t.
2
.
2
.
E
m
is
s
io
n
di
s
pa
t
ch
o
bje
ct
iv
e
T
h
e
g
aseo
u
s
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
ar
e
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
th
e
g
lo
b
al
cli
m
ate.
R
ec
en
t
l
y
,
t
h
e
ac
ti
v
it
y
o
f
ex
p
l
o
itin
g
clea
n
en
er
g
y
w
a
s
ac
ce
ler
ated
in
m
o
s
t
co
u
n
tr
ie
s
.
He
n
ce
,
in
a
d
d
itio
n
to
th
e
co
s
t
m
in
i
m
iz
atio
n
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e,
th
e
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
m
o
d
el
is
also
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
t
h
e
e
m
is
s
io
n
lev
el
s
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
e
m
is
s
io
n
m
i
n
i
m
izatio
n
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as,
m
i
n
i
m
ize,
∑
(
)
(
7
)
w
h
er
e
E
is
th
e
to
tal
e
m
is
s
io
n
r
elea
s
e
(
in
k
g
/h
r
)
,
a
n
d
α
i
,
β
i
,
γ
i
ar
e
e
m
is
s
io
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
s
o
f
i
th
g
en
er
ati
n
g
u
n
it [
2
3
]
.
2
.
3
.
F
o
r
m
ula
t
io
n
o
f
m
ulti
-
o
bje
ct
iv
e
ba
s
ed
E
E
D
T
h
e
m
u
lt
i
-
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
E
E
D
o
p
t
i
m
ize
s
b
o
th
t
h
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
is
p
atch
an
d
e
m
is
s
io
n
d
i
s
p
atch
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
,
a
n
d
it is
f
o
r
m
u
lated
as [
2
4
]
,
m
i
n
i
m
ize,
∑
(
)
(
8
)
w
h
er
e
an
d
ar
e
th
e
w
ei
g
h
t
f
a
cto
r
s
f
o
r
co
s
t
an
d
em
i
s
s
io
n
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lo
s
s
e
s
(
)
ar
e
r
e
p
r
esen
ted
as a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
g
e
n
er
ato
r
p
o
w
er
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
B
-
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
,
a
n
d
it is
ex
p
r
e
s
s
ed
as [
2
5
]
,
∑
∑
(
9
)
2
.
4
.
Co
ns
t
ra
ints
2
.
4
.
1
.
P
o
w
er
ba
la
nce
co
ns
t
ra
int
T
h
is
co
n
s
tr
ain
t c
an
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as [
2
6
]
,
∑
∑
(
1
0
)
2
.
4
.
2.
P
o
w
er
g
ener
a
t
io
n a
nd
ra
m
p r
a
t
e
li
m
it
s
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
er
m
al
g
e
n
er
ato
r
(
)
b
y
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
t
h
e
r
a
m
p
r
ate
li
m
it
s
[
2
7
]
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
:
(
)
(
)
(
1
1
)
w
h
er
e
is
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
g
en
er
ati
n
g
u
n
i
t
at
p
r
ev
io
u
s
h
o
u
r
.
an
d
ar
e
r
a
m
p
u
p
an
d
d
o
w
n
li
m
it
s
o
f
g
en
er
ati
n
g
u
n
it
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
in
t
h
e
u
n
its
o
f
MW
/h
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
6
3
5
-
6
4
1
638
2
.
4
.
3
.
P
ro
hib
it
ed
o
pera
t
ing
z
o
nes
(
P
O
Z
s
)
e
f
f
ec
t
s
Dep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
lo
ad
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
th
e
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
t
h
er
m
a
l
g
e
n
er
ati
n
g
u
n
i
ts
is
ad
j
u
s
ted
in
th
e
d
is
p
atc
h
p
r
o
b
lem
.
Feasib
le
o
p
er
atin
g
zo
n
es
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
a
l
th
er
m
al
u
n
it
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as [
2
8
]
,
{
(
)
(
1
2
)
3.
M
O
DE
L
I
N
G
O
F
WI
ND
SP
E
E
D
A
ND
P
O
WE
R
D
I
S
T
RI
B
UT
I
O
N
No
w
ad
a
y
s
,
m
o
s
t
a
tten
tio
n
h
a
s
b
ee
n
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
(
P
DFs
)
f
o
r
w
i
n
d
en
er
g
y
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
I
n
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
,
t
h
e
W
eib
u
ll
P
DF
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
d
is
t
r
ib
u
tio
n
.
T
h
e
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
d
er
iv
ed
w
il
l
f
o
llo
w
s
t
h
e
s
to
ch
a
s
tic
n
at
u
r
e
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
w
in
d
s
p
ee
d
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
b
o
th
w
in
d
s
p
ee
d
an
d
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t
w
ill
b
e
tr
ea
ted
as
r
an
d
o
m
v
ar
iab
le
s
.
O
n
ce
w
in
d
s
p
ee
d
(
v
)
is
ch
ar
ac
te
r
ized
as
a
r
an
d
o
m
v
ar
iab
le,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
(
p
)
o
f
t
h
e
w
in
d
e
n
er
g
y
g
e
n
er
ato
r
also
c
h
ar
ac
ter
ized
as
a
r
an
d
o
m
v
ar
iab
le
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
r
an
d
o
m
v
ar
iab
le
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
Gen
er
all
y
,
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
w
in
d
g
en
er
ato
r
w
ill
b
e
in
th
r
ee
r
an
g
es
b
elo
w
cu
t
-
i
n
w
in
d
s
p
ee
d
(
v
i
)
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
g
e
n
er
ato
r
w
ill
n
o
t
p
r
o
d
u
ce
an
y
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
is
i
s
d
u
e
to
s
o
m
e
f
r
ictio
n
lo
s
s
es
i
n
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e.
T
h
en
,
th
e
w
in
d
s
p
ee
d
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
cu
t
-
in
s
p
ee
d
s
to
th
e
r
ated
s
p
ee
d
(
v
r
)
,
th
en
w
in
d
p
o
w
er
(
p
)
w
ill
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
li
n
ea
r
ly
,
a
n
d
it
i
s
a
l
s
o
ca
lled
a
s
co
n
t
in
u
o
u
s
r
an
g
e.
No
w
,
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
s
p
ee
d
is
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
d
ab
o
v
e
th
e
r
ated
s
p
ee
d
a
n
d
it
is
b
elo
w
t
h
e
c
u
t
-
o
u
t
s
p
ee
d
(
v
o
)
t
h
en
it
w
il
l
al
w
a
y
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
t
h
e
r
ated
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
is
is
a
d
is
cr
ete
P
DF.
Si
m
i
lar
l
y
,
ab
o
v
e
th
e
cu
t
-
o
u
t
s
p
ee
d
an
d
b
elo
w
cu
t
-
i
n
w
in
d
s
p
e
ed
(
v
i
)
,
it
w
ill
n
o
t
p
r
o
d
u
ce
an
y
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
is
is
al
s
o
a
d
is
cr
ete
r
an
g
e.
T
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
a
w
i
n
d
en
er
g
y
g
en
er
ato
r
f
o
r
a
g
i
v
e
n
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
in
p
u
t i
s
ex
p
r
es
s
ed
b
y
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
eq
u
a
tio
n
s
[
2
9
]
,
(
1
3
)
(
)
(
)
(
1
4
)
(
1
5
)
I
f
it
i
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
at
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
(
v
)
h
as
a
g
i
v
en
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
u
ch
as
W
eib
u
ll
,
it
is
t
h
en
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
co
n
v
er
t
th
at
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
a
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
er
d
is
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
.
T
o
f
in
d
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t
(
p
)
o
f
w
in
d
e
n
er
g
y
g
en
er
ato
r
it
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
p
r
o
f
ile
at
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
lo
ca
tio
n
.
He
r
e,
W
eib
u
ll
P
DF
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
w
it
h
t
w
o
p
ar
a
m
et
er
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
i
n
w
in
d
s
p
ee
d
.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
d
ep
en
d
s
u
p
o
n
t
h
e
lo
ca
tio
n
,
h
ei
g
h
t
a
n
d
s
o
m
e
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
f
ea
t
u
r
e.
H
en
ce
,
v
i
s
m
o
d
eled
b
y
u
s
in
g
W
eib
u
ll
P
DF,
an
d
it
is
d
escr
ib
ed
as [
3
0
]
,
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
[
(
)
]
(
1
6
)
T
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
W
eib
u
ll
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
c
an
d
k
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
a
n
ze
r
o
ar
e
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as
s
ca
le
f
ac
to
r
an
d
s
h
ap
e
f
ac
to
r
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
w
it
h
W
eib
u
ll P
DF is e
x
p
r
ess
ed
as [
3
0
]
:
(
)
(
)
*
(
)
+
[
[
(
)
]
]
(
1
7
)
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
E
E
D
p
r
o
b
lem
i
s
s
o
l
v
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
P
SO
al
g
o
r
ith
m
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
etailed
d
es
cr
ip
tio
n
o
f
P
SO c
an
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
i
n
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
[
3
1
,
3
2
]
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
ef
f
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il
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Am
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atin
g
u
n
it
s
,
g
en
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ato
r
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i
s
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as
w
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ato
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Fo
r
th
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m
al
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er
ato
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s
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t
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p
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ate
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P
OZ
li
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it
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id
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ed
[
3
3
]
.
T
ab
le
1
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
g
en
er
ato
r
s
p
o
w
er
,
r
a
m
p
r
ate
an
d
P
OZ
s
li
m
its
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
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g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
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4752
S
o
lvin
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in
ed
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o
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mic
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s
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tch
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… (
S
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en
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er R
ed
d
y
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a
lku
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)
639
T
ab
le
1
.
Gen
er
ato
r
p
o
w
er
,
r
a
m
p
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ate
a
n
d
P
OZ
s
li
m
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f
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it
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te
m
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N
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r
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(
M
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P
r
o
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i
b
i
t
e
d
Z
o
n
e
s (M
W
)
1
0
1
0
0
---
---
---
---
2
10
1
5
0
54
55
78
[
5
0
,
6
0
]
[
9
2
,
1
0
2
]
3
35
2
2
5
1
1
4
55
65
[
1
0
5
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7
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[
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4
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2
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50
90
[
5
5
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8
5
]
[
1
1
5
,
1
3
0
]
5
1
3
0
3
2
5
1
5
0
80
1
2
0
[
8
0
,
9
0
]
[
2
3
0
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2
5
5
]
6
1
2
5
3
1
5
1
2
5
80
1
2
0
[
8
0
,
9
0
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[
2
3
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2
5
5
]
A
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
lo
s
s
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
m
atr
i
x
o
f
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
a
s
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
d
r
aw
th
e
tr
an
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m
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s
m
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it
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ain
ts
.
All
t
h
e
ca
s
e
s
t
u
d
ie
s
ar
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x
ec
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ted
o
n
6
g
en
er
ati
n
g
u
n
it
s
s
y
s
te
m
w
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th
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n
d
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A
ll
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2
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1
8
a
MA
T
L
A
B
an
d
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ted
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C
w
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th
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GB
R
A
M,
3
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p
r
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ce
s
s
o
r
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T
h
e
p
r
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p
o
s
ed
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lem
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lv
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
P
SO,
an
d
o
b
tain
ed
r
esu
lt
s
ar
e
also
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
G
A
an
d
E
G
A
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
P
SO
ar
e:
s
w
ar
m
s
i
ze
i
s
5
0
,
s
ize
o
f
p
ar
ticle
is
1
2
,
m
ax
i
m
u
m
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
g
en
er
atio
n
s
is
2
0
0
,
ac
ce
ler
atio
n
co
n
s
ta
n
ts
(
c
1
an
d
c
2
)
ar
e
2
.
0
5
,
in
er
tia
w
ei
g
h
t
(
)
is
1
.
2
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
t
u
d
ies
ar
e
s
i
m
u
lated
,
an
d
th
e
y
ar
e
:
C
ase
1
: So
lv
i
n
g
o
n
l
y
ec
o
n
o
m
i
c
d
is
p
atch
p
r
o
b
l
em
C
ase
2
: So
lv
i
n
g
o
n
l
y
e
m
is
s
io
n
d
is
p
atch
p
r
o
b
lem
C
ase
3
: So
lv
i
n
g
E
E
D
as a
m
u
l
ti
-
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
(
MO
O)
p
r
o
b
lem
4
.
1
.
Si
m
ula
t
io
n
re
s
ult
s
f
o
r
ca
s
e
1
I
n
th
i
s
ca
s
e,
E
D
is
s
o
lv
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
P
SO
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
an
d
o
b
tain
ed
r
esu
lt
s
ar
e
also
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
G
A
an
d
E
GA
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
.
Her
e,
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
1
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
w
i
n
d
en
er
g
y
g
e
n
er
ato
r
.
T
h
e
E
D
p
r
o
b
lem
w
it
h
f
u
e
l
co
s
t
m
in
i
m
izatio
n
a
s
a
n
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ct
io
n
is
s
o
l
v
ed
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
lo
ad
d
e
m
an
d
s
o
f
4
0
0
MW
an
d
9
0
0
MW
.
T
ab
le
2
d
ep
ict
s
th
e
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t
s
an
d
o
b
j
e
ctiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
v
al
u
es
f
o
r
C
as
e
1
.
W
h
en
th
e
lo
ad
d
em
a
n
d
is
4
0
0
MW
,
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
o
p
ti
m
u
m
f
u
e
l
co
s
ts
u
s
i
n
g
GA
,
E
G
A
a
n
d
P
SO
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
2
4
8
3
1
.
0
R
s
/h
,
2
4
6
6
5
.
2
R
s
/h
a
n
d
2
4
3
1
0
.
6
R
s
/h
,
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
W
h
er
ea
s
,
t
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
e
m
is
s
io
n
r
elea
s
ed
u
s
in
g
G
A
,
E
G
A
a
n
d
P
SO
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
2
1
0
.
1
6
k
g
/h
,
2
1
0
.
1
0
k
g
/h
a
n
d
2
1
0
.
0
4
k
g
/
h
,
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
W
h
e
n
t
h
e
lo
ad
d
em
an
d
is
9
0
0
MW
,
th
en
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
f
u
el
c
o
s
t
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
G
A
,
E
G
A
an
d
P
SO
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
s
i
s
5
0
7
6
4
.
1
R
s
/h
,
5
0
6
3
2
.
0
R
s
/
h
an
d
5
0
6
0
2
.
9
R
s
/h
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
ab
le
2
.
P
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
ts
a
n
d
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
v
al
u
es
f
o
r
c
as
e
1
P
o
w
e
r
o
u
t
p
u
t
s a
n
d
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
s
P
o
w
e
r
D
e
man
d
=
4
0
0
M
W
P
o
w
e
r
D
e
man
d
=
9
0
0
M
W
GA
EG
A
PSO
GA
EG
A
PSO
(
M
W
)
1
8
.
6
1
8
.
7
1
8
.
5
7
0
.
2
7
2
.
6
7
2
.
8
(
M
W
)
10
10
10
7
6
.
3
7
3
.
9
7
3
.
6
(
M
W
)
5
0
.
3
5
1
.
1
5
1
.
3
1
7
9
1
7
9
1
7
9
(
M
W
)
55
55
55
1
6
4
1
6
4
1
6
4
(
M
W
)
1
4
8
.
2
1
4
7
.
6
1
4
7
.
5
2
3
0
2
3
0
2
3
0
(
M
W
)
1
2
5
1
2
5
1
2
5
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
(
M
W
)
7
.
1
7
.
4
7
.
3
2
9
.
5
3
2
9
.
4
7
2
9
.
4
Fuel
c
o
st
(
R
s/
h
)
2
4
8
3
1
.
0
2
4
6
6
5
.
2
2
4
3
1
0
.
6
5
0
7
6
4
.
1
5
0
6
3
2
.
0
5
0
6
0
2
.
9
Emi
ssi
o
n
(
k
g
/
h
)
2
1
0
.
1
6
2
1
0
.
1
0
2
1
0
.
0
4
7
0
2
.
4
0
7
0
1
.
6
2
7
0
1
.
6
5
4
.
2
.
Si
m
ula
t
io
n
re
s
ult
s
f
o
r
ca
s
e
2
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
e
m
is
s
io
n
m
in
i
m
izatio
n
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
is
o
p
tim
ized
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tl
y
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
G
A
,
E
GA
a
n
d
P
SO
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
T
ab
le
3
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t
s
an
d
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
v
al
u
e
s
f
o
r
C
ase
2
.
Her
e,
th
e
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
d
is
p
atc
h
p
r
o
b
lem
i
s
s
o
lv
ed
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
t
w
o
d
e
m
a
n
d
s
,
i.e
.
,
4
0
0
MW
an
d
9
0
0
MW
.
Fo
r
4
0
0
MW
d
em
an
d
,
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
r
elea
s
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
G
A
,
E
G
A
a
n
d
P
SO
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
is
1
9
2
.
6
2
k
g
/
h
,
1
9
2
.
1
3
k
g
/h
an
d
1
9
1
.
8
3
k
g
/
h
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
l
y
.
Fo
r
9
0
0
MW
d
em
a
n
d
,
th
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
e
m
is
s
io
n
r
elea
s
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
GA
,
E
G
A
an
d
P
SO
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
is
6
5
0
.
8
3
k
g
/h
,
6
4
9
.
9
2
k
g
/h
a
n
d
6
4
9
.
1
3
k
g
/h
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Fro
m
th
e
s
e
r
esu
l
ts
,
it
is
clea
r
th
at
t
h
e
e
m
is
s
io
n
o
b
tain
ed
is
o
p
tim
u
m
,
b
u
t
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
u
el
co
s
t
h
as
b
ee
n
d
ev
iated
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
er
e
is
a
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t
f
o
r
s
o
lv
in
g
th
e
t
w
o
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
(
i.e
.
,
f
u
e
l c
o
s
t a
n
d
e
m
is
s
io
n
m
in
i
m
i
za
tio
n
s
)
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
6
3
5
-
6
4
1
640
T
ab
le
3
.
P
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
ts
a
n
d
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
v
al
u
es
f
o
r
c
as
e
2
P
o
w
e
r
o
u
t
p
u
t
s a
n
d
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
s
P
o
w
e
r
D
e
man
d
=
4
0
0
M
W
P
o
w
e
r
D
e
man
d
=
9
0
0
M
W
GA
EG
A
PSO
GA
EG
A
PSO
(
M
W
)
4
5
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3
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RE
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NC
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S
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Da
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[2
]
S
.
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g
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.
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641
[5
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B.
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,”
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
a
n
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
2
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
5
-
6
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[6
]
N.
A
.
Kh
a
n
,
G
.
A
.
S
.
S
id
h
u
,
F
.
G
a
o
,
“
Op
ti
m
izin
g
Co
m
b
in
e
d
Em
issio
n
Eco
n
o
m
ic Disp
a
tch
f
o
r
S
o
lar In
teg
ra
ted
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
st
e
m
s,
”
IEE
E
Acc
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
4
,
p
p
.
3
3
4
0
-
3
3
4
8
,
2
0
1
6
.
DO
I.
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/A
CCES
S
.
2
0
1
6
.
2
5
8
7
6
6
5
.
[
7
]
M
.
M
.
K
u
m
a
r
,
A
.
A
.
R
a
n
i
,
V
.
S
u
n
d
a
r
a
v
a
z
h
u
t
h
i
,
“
E
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
C
o
n
s
t
r
a
i
n
e
d
E
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
D
i
s
p
a
t
c
h
w
i
t
h
P
V
E
n
e
r
g
y
P
e
n
e
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
I
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
v
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
E
x
p
l
o
r
i
n
g
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
3
0
2
1
-
3
0
2
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[8
]
E.
B.
El
a
n
c
h
e
z
h
ian
,
“
Co
m
b
in
e
d
Eco
n
o
m
ic
E
m
issio
n
Disp
a
tch
Co
n
sid
e
rin
g
Re
n
e
w
a
b
le
En
e
r
g
y
S
o
u
rc
e
s
,”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
c
ien
ti
fi
c
&
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
2
2
2
-
1
2
2
5
,
2
0
1
9
.
[9
]
A
.
S
u
n
d
a
ra
m
,
“
M
u
lt
io
b
jec
ti
v
e
m
u
lt
i
-
v
e
rse
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
to
so
lv
e
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic,
h
e
a
t
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
e
m
issio
n
d
is
p
a
tch
p
r
o
b
lem
s,
”
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
o
f
t
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
v
o
l.
9
1
,
2
0
2
0
.
[
1
0
]
L
.
H
e
,
Z
.
L
u
,
L
.
G
e
n
g
,
J
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
X
.
L
i
,
X
.
G
u
o
,
“
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
e
c
o
n
o
m
c
d
i
s
p
a
t
c
h
o
f
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
r
e
g
i
o
n
a
l
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
y
s
t
e
m
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
i
n
g
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
d
e
m
a
n
d
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
&
E
n
e
r
g
y
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
6
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
1
]
Z.
X
i
n
-
g
a
n
g
,
Z.
Ze
-
q
i,
X
.
Yi
-
m
in
,
M
.
Jin
,
“
Eco
n
o
m
ic
-
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
d
isp
a
tch
o
f
m
icr
o
g
rid
b
a
se
d
o
n
im
p
ro
v
e
d
q
u
a
n
t
u
m
p
a
rti
c
le sw
a
r
m
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
,
”
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
1
9
5
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
2
]
M
.
I.
A
lo
m
o
u
sh
,
“
M
icro
g
rid
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
p
o
w
e
r
-
h
e
a
t
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
-
e
m
is
sio
n
d
isp
a
tc
h
c
o
n
sid
e
ri
n
g
sto
c
h
a
stic
re
n
e
w
a
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
re
so
u
rc
e
s,
p
o
w
e
r
p
u
rc
h
a
se
a
n
d
e
m
issio
n
tax
,
”
En
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rs
io
n
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
2
0
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
3
]
M
.
T
.
Ha
g
h
,
S
.
M
.
S
.
Ka
laja
h
i,
N.
G
h
o
rb
a
n
i,
“
S
o
lu
ti
o
n
t
o
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
e
m
issio
n
d
isp
a
tch
p
ro
b
lem
in
c
lu
d
in
g
w
in
d
f
a
r
m
s
u
sin
g
Ex
c
h
a
n
g
e
M
a
rk
e
t
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
M
e
th
o
d
,”
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
o
ft
C
o
mp
u
t
in
g
,
v
o
l.
8
8
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
4
]
Z.
X
i
n
-
g
a
n
g
,
L
.
Ji,
M
.
Jin
,
Z
.
Yin
g
,
“
A
n
i
m
p
ro
v
e
d
q
u
a
n
t
u
m
p
a
rti
c
le
s
w
a
r
m
o
p
ti
m
i
z
a
ti
o
n
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic d
isp
a
tch
,
”
Exp
e
rt S
y
ste
ms
wit
h
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
1
5
2
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
5
]
N.F
.
A
s
wa
n
,
M
.
N.
A
b
d
u
ll
a
h
,
A
.
H.A
.
Ba
k
a
r,
“
A
re
v
ie
w
o
f
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
e
m
i
ss
io
n
d
isp
a
t
c
h
f
o
r
o
p
ti
m
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
d
isp
a
tch
w
it
h
re
n
e
w
a
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
,
”
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
l
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
t
e
r
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
1
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
3
-
4
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
6
]
M
.
A
.
M
e
z
ian
e
,
Y.
M
o
u
l
o
u
d
i,
A
.
Dra
o
u
i
,
“
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
stu
d
y
o
f
th
e
p
rice
p
e
n
a
lt
y
f
a
c
to
rs
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
e
s
f
o
r
Bi
-
o
b
jec
t
iv
e
d
isp
a
tc
h
p
r
o
b
lem
v
ia
P
S
O,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
3
4
3
-
3
3
4
9
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
7
]
C.
A
.
O.D.
F
re
it
a
s,
R.
C.
L
.
Oliv
e
ira,
D.J.A
.
D.
S
il
v
a
,
J.C.
L
e
it
e
,
J.D.A
.
B.
Ju
n
io
r,
“
S
o
l
u
ti
o
n
t
o
Ec
o
n
o
m
ic
-
E
m
issio
n
L
o
a
d
Disp
a
tch
b
y
Cu
lt
u
ra
l
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
Co
m
b
in
e
d
W
it
h
L
o
c
a
l
S
e
a
rc
h
:
Ca
se
S
tu
d
y
,
”
IEE
E
Acc
e
ss
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
p
p
.
6
4
0
2
3
-
6
4
0
4
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/A
CCES
S
.
2
0
1
8
.
2
8
7
7
7
7
0
.
[1
8
]
S
.
S
.
Re
d
d
y
,
P
.
R.
Bij
w
e
,
A
.
R.
A
b
h
y
a
n
k
a
r,
“
Jo
in
t
En
e
rg
y
a
n
d
S
p
i
n
n
in
g
Re
se
rv
e
s M
a
r
k
e
t
Clea
rin
g
f
o
r
W
in
d
-
T
h
e
r
m
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
In
c
o
rp
o
ra
ti
n
g
W
in
d
G
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
L
o
a
d
F
o
re
c
a
st Un
c
e
rtain
ti
e
s
,
”
IEE
E
S
y
ste
ms
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
5
2
-
1
6
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
9
]
X
.
L
iu
,
W
.
X
u
,
“
M
in
im
u
m
E
m
i
ss
io
n
Disp
a
tch
Co
n
stra
i
n
e
d
b
y
S
to
c
h
a
stic
W
in
d
P
o
w
e
r
A
v
a
il
a
b
il
it
y
a
n
d
Co
st,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r
S
y
st
e
ms
,
v
o
l.
2
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
7
0
5
-
1
7
1
3
,
2
0
1
0
.
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/T
P
W
RS
.
2
0
1
0
.
2
0
4
2
0
8
5
.
[2
0
]
S
.
S
.
Re
d
d
y
,
“
M
u
lt
i
-
Ob
jec
ti
v
e
b
a
se
d
Op
ti
m
a
l
En
e
rg
y
a
n
d
Re
a
c
t
iv
e
P
o
w
e
r
Disp
a
tch
in
De
re
g
u
l
a
ted
El
e
c
tri
c
it
y
M
a
rk
e
ts
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
4
2
7
-
3
4
3
5
.
2
0
1
8
.
[
2
1
]
S
.
C
.
K
i
m
,
S
.
S
u
r
e
n
d
e
r
R
e
d
d
y
,
“
O
p
t
i
m
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
f
l
o
w
b
a
s
e
d
c
o
n
g
e
s
t
i
o
n
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
u
s
i
n
g
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
g
e
n
e
t
i
c
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
s
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
(
I
J
E
C
E
)
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
8
7
5
-
8
8
3
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
2
]
S
.
S
.
Re
d
d
y
,
P
.
R.
Bij
w
e
,
A
.
R.
A
b
h
y
a
n
k
a
r,
“
M
u
lt
i
-
Ob
jec
ti
v
e
M
a
rk
e
t
Cle
a
rin
g
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
e
rg
y
,
S
p
in
n
in
g
Re
se
rv
e
s,
a
n
d
Em
issio
n
f
o
r
W
in
d
-
T
h
e
rm
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
P
o
we
r
&
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
5
3
,
p
p
.
7
8
2
-
7
9
4
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
3
]
S
.
Ya
o
,
S
.
Zh
a
n
g
,
X
.
Zh
a
n
g
,
“
Re
n
e
w
a
b
le
e
n
e
r
g
y
,
c
a
rb
o
n
e
m
issio
n
a
n
d
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
g
ro
w
th
:
A
re
v
is
e
d
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
Ku
z
n
e
ts
Cu
rv
e
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Cle
a
n
e
r P
ro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
2
3
5
,
p
p
.
1
3
3
8
-
1
3
5
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
4
]
D.
No
n
g
,
T
.
H.
Ng
u
y
e
n
,
C.
W
a
n
g
,
Q.V
.
Kh
u
c
,
“
T
h
e
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
a
n
d
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
im
p
a
c
t
o
f
th
e
e
m
is
sio
n
s
trad
i
n
g
sc
h
e
m
e
(ET
S
)
in
V
iet
n
a
m
,
”
En
e
r
g
y
Po
li
c
y
,
v
o
l.
1
4
0
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
5
]
M
.
Kh
e
sh
ti
,
X.
Ka
n
g
,
J.
L
i,
P
.
R
e
g
u
lsk
i,
V
.
T
e
r
z
ij
a
,
“
L
ig
h
tn
in
g
f
l
a
sh
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
so
lv
in
g
n
o
n
-
c
o
n
v
e
x
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
e
m
issio
n
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic d
isp
a
tch
w
it
h
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
c
o
n
st
ra
in
ts,
”
IET
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
T
ra
n
sm
issio
n
&
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
0
4
-
1
1
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
6
]
E.
E.
El
a
tt
a
r,
“
M
o
d
if
ied
h
a
rm
o
n
y
se
a
rc
h
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
c
o
m
b
in
e
d
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
e
m
issio
n
d
isp
a
tch
o
f
m
icro
g
rid
in
c
o
rp
o
ra
ti
n
g
re
n
e
w
a
b
le so
u
rc
e
s,
”
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
1
5
9
,
p
p
.
4
9
6
-
5
0
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
DO
I.
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
e
n
e
rg
y
.
2
0
1
8
.
0
6
.
1
3
7
.
[2
7
]
S
.
S
.
Re
d
d
y
,
P
.
R.
Bij
w
e
,
“
Eff
icie
n
c
y
I
m
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
ts
in
M
e
ta
-
He
u
rist
ic A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
s to
S
o
lv
e
th
e
Op
ti
m
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
F
lo
w
P
r
o
b
lem
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
Po
we
r
&
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
8
2
,
p
p
.
2
8
8
-
3
0
2
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
8
]
S
.
S
.
Re
d
d
y
,
P
.
R
.
Bij
w
e
,
A
.
R.
A
b
h
y
a
n
k
a
r,
“
F
a
ste
r
E
v
o
lu
ti
o
n
a
r
y
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
Ba
s
e
d
Op
ti
m
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
F
lo
w
u
sin
g
In
c
re
m
e
n
tal
v
a
riab
les
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
Po
we
r
&
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
5
4
,
p
p
.
1
9
8
-
2
1
0
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
9
]
J.
He
tze
r,
D.C.
Yu
,
K.
Bh
a
tt
a
ra
i,
“
A
n
Eco
n
o
m
ic
Disp
a
tch
M
o
d
e
l
In
c
o
rp
o
ra
ti
n
g
W
in
d
P
o
w
e
r,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
E
n
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rs
io
n
,
v
o
l.
2
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
6
03
-
6
1
1
,
2
0
0
8
.
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/T
EC.
2
0
0
7
.
9
1
4
1
7
1
.
[3
0
]
S
.
S
.
Re
d
d
y
,
“
Op
ti
m
a
l
s
c
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
o
f
w
in
d
-
th
e
rm
a
l
p
o
we
r
s
y
ste
m
u
sin
g
c
lu
ste
re
d
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
tea
c
h
in
g
l
e
a
rn
in
g
b
a
se
d
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
,
”
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
9
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
3
5
-
5
5
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
1
]
M
.
Z.
G
a
rg
a
ri,
M
.
N.
He
ris,
B.
M
.
Iv
a
tl
o
o
,
“
Ch
a
p
ter
3
0
-
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
P
a
rti
c
le
S
w
a
r
m
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
in
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
P
ro
b
lem
s,
”
Ha
n
d
b
o
o
k
o
f
Ne
u
ra
l
Co
m
p
u
t
a
ti
o
n
,
A
c
a
d
e
m
ic P
re
ss
,
p
p
.
5
7
1
-
5
7
9
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
2
]
W
.
d
a
Ro
sa
,
C.
G
e
re
z
,
E.
Be
lati,
“
Op
ti
m
a
l
Distrib
u
ted
G
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
A
ll
o
c
a
ti
n
g
Us
in
g
P
a
rti
c
le
S
w
a
rm
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
a
n
d
L
in
e
a
rize
d
A
C
L
o
a
d
F
lo
w
,
”
IEE
E
L
a
ti
n
Ame
ric
a
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
1
6
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
2
6
6
5
-
2
6
7
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
3
]
C.
P
a
la
n
ich
a
m
y
,
K.
S
rik
rish
n
a
,
“
Eco
n
o
m
ic t
h
e
rm
a
l
p
o
we
r
d
isp
a
tch
w
it
h
e
m
issio
n
c
o
n
stra
in
t,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
In
sti
tu
ti
o
n
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rs
(
In
d
ia
)
,
v
o
l
.
7
2
,
p
p
.
1
1
-
1
8
,
1
9
9
1
.
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