Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
1
3
,
No.
1
,
Jan
uar
y
201
9
,
pp.
4
1
1
~
4
19
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
3
.i
1
.pp
4
11
-
4
19
411
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Enh
ancing the perfo
rman
ce
of
distance p
rotecti
on relays u
sing
interacti
ve cont
rol s
yste
m
Sa
la
h
K
. El
-
S
ay
e
d,
Hassa
n
S. Moha
med
Al
-
Azha
r
Univ
er
sit
y
,
Nasr
cit
y
,
C
ai
ro, Eg
y
p
t
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
A
ug
9,
2018
Re
vised
Sep
21
, 2
018
Accepte
d
Oct
3
, 2
018
Im
prove
m
ent
of
aut
om
ation
s
y
s
te
m
s
for
elec
trica
l
power
s
y
s
tem
net
work
bec
ame
essent
ia
l
for
in
creasing
t
he
r
ealia
b
il
i
t
y
of
power
tr
ansm
ission
during
an
y
d
isturba
n
ce.
In
m
ost
subs
tatio
ns
the
se
tt
ings
of
Distan
ce
R
el
a
y
s
(DRs
)
are
set
m
anua
lly
w
hic
h
dep
ends
on
hum
an
expe
r
ie
nc
e
thi
s
m
a
y
be
le
d
to
undesira
bl
e
ope
rat
ions.
An
y
po
wer
t
ran
sm
ission
s
y
s
te
m
m
a
y
s
ubje
c
te
d
to
shortens
a
nd
loss
of
adj
usting
it
s
prote
c
ti
on
set
ti
n
g,
DRs
in
prote
c
t
ion
s
y
stems
are
responsibl
e
for
prot
ecting
High
vol
ta
ge
tr
ansm
ission
li
nes
from
short
ci
rcu
it
,
power
s
wing,
and
loa
d
e
ncr
oac
hm
ent,
A
proposes
aut
om
at
ion
s
y
st
em
arc
hi
te
c
ture
int
r
oduce
d
to
cov
er
the
se
tt
ing
and
coor
din
at
ion
of
protect
ion
sche
m
e
base
d
on
DIgS
ILE
NT
po
wer
factor
y
,
SIM
ATIC
m
ange
r,
and
W
inCC
progra
m
s.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
DIgS
ILE
NT
Dista
nce
relay
SCADA
syst
em
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Hassa
n
S
. Moh
a
m
ed
,
Al
-
A
zha
r Un
i
ve
rsity
,
Nasr ci
ty
, Cairo,
Egy
pt
.
Em
a
il
:
h_
al
azh
ary@y
ah
oo.com
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
The
best
prot
ect
ion
te
ch
nique
achie
ve
s
i
so
la
ti
on
t
he
f
ulty
sect
ion
quic
kly
besi
de
m
ai
ntain
ing
protect
ion
ob
je
ct
ives
reali
ab
il
ity,
and
de
pe
nd
a
bili
ty
[1
-
2]
.
Dista
nc
e
rela
ys
are
on
e
of
the
m
os
t
i
m
po
rtant
protect
ion
el
e
m
ents
in
a
tran
sm
issi
on
li
ne
[
3
-
4].
The
reli
able
operati
on
of
protect
io
n
syst
e
m
s
dep
en
ds
on
th
e
correct
d
e
sig
n and p
r
otect
ion
set
ti
ng
s
within
protect
ive
dev
i
ces [
5].
Nowa
days,
Sy
stem
topolo
gy
cha
nges
co
ntinuo
us
ly
du
e
t
o
t
he
ad
diti
on
of
ne
w
ge
ne
r
at
ion
unit
s,
transm
issi
on
li
nes
an
d
m
ulti
ple
switc
hi
ng
ac
ti
on
s
due
to
m
aneuve
rin
gs
an
d
m
ai
ntenan
ce
,
these
act
io
ns
a
ff
ect
on
protect
ion
s
yst
e
m
set
ti
ng
s
[6
-
7].
T
o
m
ake
DRs
diag
nosis
the
f
ult
c
orrect
with
fast
of
res
pons
e
a
nd
m
ini
m
u
m
disturba
nce [
2,
8, 9],
a
s
uper
vi
so
ry
c
on
t
ro
l
a
nd
data
acq
uisi
ti
on
syst
em
(S
CAD
A)
se
nd
s
correct
set
ti
ngs
to
t
he
p
r
otect
ion
de
vi
ces.
A
SCA
D
A
syst
e
m
con
sist
s
of
a
num
ber
of
pro
gr
am
m
a
ble
lo
gic
co
ntr
oller
(
PLC)
or
rem
ote
te
rm
inal
un
it
(RT
Us)
co
m
m
un
ic
at
e
s
with
al
l
prot
ect
ion
de
vices
an
d
netw
or
k
to
polo
gy
st
at
us
a
nd
sen
d
s
/R
ecei
ve
s
data
with
m
a
ste
r
sta
ti
on
via
a
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
s
syst
e
m
[10].
t
he
m
aster
sta
ti
on
w
orks
a
s
interact
ive
co
nt
ro
l
syst
em
bas
ed
on
DIgS
IL
ENT
powe
r
fa
ct
or
y
protect
io
n
co
ordi
nation
resu
lt
s
to
e
nha
nce
th
e
relay
p
er
f
or
m
ance,
t
hese
res
ults to
be
se
nt to prote
ct
ion de
vi
ces.
2.
DIS
T
ANCE
R
EL
AY
CONS
TRU
CTIO
N,
SET
TINGS
, AN
D OPE
R
A
TION
2.1
.
Rela
y
c
onstruc
tio
n
Nu
m
erical
d
esi
gn
te
ch
niques
r
ecentl
y use
d
in
r
el
ay
constr
uc
ti
on
, m
os
tl
y co
ns
ist
s of:
2.1.1
Analo
gue me
asuri
ng
I
np
uts
trans
f
orm
the
currents an
d
volt
ages derive
d
f
ro
m
the
instru
m
ent
transfo
rm
ers
and
m
at
ch
the
m
to the i
nter
nal
sign
al
le
vels fo
r processi
ng i
n t
he
relay
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
1
,
Ja
nu
a
ry
201
9
:
4
11
–
4
19
412
2.1.2
Micro c
om
put
er
syste
m (
µ
C):
Ap
a
rt
from
processin
g
the
m
easur
ed
valu
es,
t
he
m
ic
ro
c
om
pu
te
r
syst
e
m
al
so
exec
ut
es
protect
ion
schem
accor
di
ng to se
tt
ing
s.
2.1.3
Bi
n
ary I
nputs
an
d
Ou
tp
u
ts:
µC
obta
ins
ext
ern
al
inf
orm
ati
on
th
rou
gh
bina
ry
in
pu
ts
s
uc
h
as
bl
oc
king
com
m
and
s
f
or
protect
iv
e
el
e
m
ents,
al
so
issues
in
f
or
m
at
ion
to
e
xter
na
l
equ
i
pm
ent
via
the
ou
t
pu
t
con
ta
ct
s.
The
se
outp
uts
incl
ud
e
,
i
n
par
ti
cula
r,
tri
p com
m
and
s t
o
c
ircuit
brea
ker
s
.
2.1.4
Co
m
mu
nicati
on
po
r
ts
:
Fo
r
r
em
ote
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
s
via
a
m
od
e
m
,
or
local
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
s
via
a
s
ubsta
ti
on
m
ast
er
com
pu
te
r
[
11]
.
2.2
.
Rela
y
se
t
ting and
Oper
at
i
on
Dista
nce
relay
basical
ly
deter
m
ines
the
li
ne
i
m
ped
ance
by
com
par
ing
t
he
vo
lt
age
an
d
c
urre
nt
val
ues
accor
ding
to
e
qu
at
io
n
Z=
V/I.
I
f
t
he
m
easur
e
d
im
ped
an
ce
va
lue
of
r
el
ay
is
sm
al
le
r
than
the
previ
ou
sly
e
ntere
d
relay
zone
sett
ing t
hen
relay
operates
a
nd
ge
ner
at
es
trip
si
gnal
.
D
ist
ance
protect
io
n rela
ys
hav
e
dif
fer
e
nt
ty
pes
of
cha
racteri
sti
cs
su
c
h
a
s
im
ped
ance
,
reacta
nce,
m
ho
a
nd
po
ly
go
n,
t
he
la
st
one
is
us
e
d
i
n
this
m
anu
scr
ipt
[
7,
12
]
.
P
urp
os
e
of
co
ordinati
on,
a
basic
distan
ce
protect
ion
s
chem
e
con
sist
s
of
th
ree
z
on
es
of
protect
ion,
Figur
e
1
s
how
s
t
he
z
one
im
ped
an
ces
an
d
co
rr
e
spo
ndin
g
t
rip
ping
ti
m
e.
Zo
ne
im
p
e
m
ance
set
ti
ngs
are
determ
ined
a
s
fo
ll
owin
g:
Z1
=
Zli
ne
1
×
80
%
(1)
2
=
Zli
ne
1
+
Zli
ne2
×
60 %
(2)
3
=
Zli
ne
1
+
+ Zli
ne2 +Zl
in
e3
×
20 %
(3)
In case
of p
a
rall
el
li
nes
Z1
=
Zli
ne
1
×
80 %
(4)
Z2
=
Zli
ne
1
+
Zli
ne2
×
60/2
%
(5)
Z3
=
Zli
ne
1
+
+ Zli
ne2 ×
60
%
(6)
Ti
m
e
set
ti
ng
f
or
Z
on
e
1
is
usual
ly
set
to
ins
ta
ntaneous
tri
p,
Z
one
2
prote
ct
ion
m
us
t
be
t
i
m
e
delay
ed
by
35
0m
s
so
t
hat
disc
rim
inatio
n
ca
n
be
achi
eved
with
the
zon
e
1
protect
ion
on
t
he
a
dja
cent
ci
rc
uit,
a
nd
Z
one
3
has
a
lo
ng
e
r
t
i
m
e
delay
than
zon
e
2,
ty
pical
ly
700m
s.
So
m
et
i
m
es
this
zon
e
is
set
to
lo
ok
in
a
re
ver
se
di
re
ct
ion
to pr
ov
i
de bac
kup f
or
bus
pro
te
ct
ion
syst
em
s
[7, 1
2,
13]
.
Figure
1. Re
la
y zon
e
s
3.
SCAD
A SYS
TE
M
C
ONF
I
GURATI
ON
SCADA
syst
em
arch
it
ect
ur
e
pro
posed
is
s
how
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
2,
an
d
it
is
su
m
m
arized
as
f
ollow
s
f
or
con
t
ro
li
ng
a
nd
m
on
it
or
i
ng
f
un
ct
io
ns.
Fiel
d
de
vices:
w
hi
ch
represe
nte
d
in
our
pro
pose
d
syst
e
m
a
s
DRs.
Con
tr
oller:
is
a
PLC
w
hich
work
s
as
m
ai
n
br
a
in,
se
nd
s/
reciv
es
data
bet
wee
n
SCA
D
A
ser
ve
r
an
d
DRs
.
Ne
twork
:
wh
ic
h
is
t
he
physi
cal
li
nk
be
tween
SCA
D
A
syst
e
m
com
po
ne
nts.
SCA
D
A
Se
r
ver
an
d
Op
e
rato
r
sta
ti
ons:
are
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
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a
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J
E
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m
p
Sci
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02
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4752
En
hancin
g
t
he perfor
m
an
ce
o
f
d
ist
ance
prote
ct
ion
rel
ays usi
ng inter
activ
e con
tr
ol
…
(
Sal
ah K. El
-
Saye
d
)
413
us
e
d
to
dis
play
real
-
ti
m
e
data
receive
s/sen
ds
from
the
pr
otect
ion
de
vices,
kee
ps
histo
ry
record
s,
al
s
o
c
an
be
us
e
d
f
or
diag
nosin
g
syst
em
f
aults [
14
-
17
]
.
Fi
gure
2
.
Pro
pose
d
a
uto
m
at
io
n
syst
em
f
or
el
ect
rical
netw
ork
a
nd pr
otect
ion
dev
ic
es
4.
CASE ST
UDY
Power
syst
em
s
are
com
plex
dy
nam
ic
syst
e
m
s
wh
ic
h
par
am
et
ers
an
d
sta
te
s
var
y
c
on
ti
nu
ou
sly
,
t
hes
e
var
ia
ti
ons
li
nk
ed t
o z
on
e
set
ti
ng
s
of
a
dista
nc
e
relay
[19].
the
se
qu
e
nce
of
evaluati
ng
work
c
ould
e
xp
la
i
ned
a
s
sh
ow
n
i
n
Fi
gure
3,
stu
dy
is
DIgS
ILE
NT
ba
se
net
wo
r
k
s
how
n
i
n
Fig
ur
e
4,
su
m
m
arized
as
fo
ll
owin
g:
No.
of
Substat
ion
s
14
,
N
o.
of
Bus
ba
rs
25,
N
o.
of
Lines
18,
N
o.
of
2
-
w
T
rfs.
18,
No.
of
sy
n.
Ma
chines
15,
No.
of
Asyn.
Ma
c
hin
e
s
3,
N
o.
of
Loa
ds
8,
a
nd
No.
of
S
hunts
10.
It
is
source
of
the
in
pu
t
data
to
s
tud
ie
d
syst
em
,
two
cases
are
stu
di
ed
to
il
lustrate
these
va
riat
ions
an
d
it
s
corres
pondin
g
zo
ne
s
et
ti
ng
s
ap
plied
on
t
wo
path
s
P
S5
-
S11 a
nd P S9
-
S8
,
since
(
S
x)
ref
e
r
to
S
ub
sta
t
ion
num
ber
.
Fig
ure
3. Flo
w
ch
a
rt for
appli
ed
se
quence
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Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
1
,
Ja
nu
a
ry
201
9
:
4
11
–
4
19
414
Po
ly
gon
distan
ce
protect
io
n
r
el
ay
s
are
c
onfi
gure
d
acc
ordin
g
t
o
t
hat
paths
o
f
the
sel
ect
ed
transm
issi
on
li
nes
as
sho
wn
in
Fig
ur
e
4.
DR
s
set
ti
ng
s
a
re
a
ccordin
g
to
m
entione
d
i
n
sect
ion
2.2.
Ca
se
st
ud
ie
s
ca
n
be
it
em
iz
ed
accor
ding t
o
c
hange i
n netw
ork
to
po
l
og
y as
fo
ll
owin
g:
Fig
ure
4
.
The
Ele
ct
rical
N
et
work Syst
em
4.1
.
Ca
se
1
-
Ef
fect o
f Va
ri
ance
leng
th
s
of li
nes on
DR set
t
ings
This
case
il
lust
rates
set
ti
ng
va
riat
ion
of
DR
1
placed
i
n
S
ub.
11
pat
h
(
P
S
5
-
S11)
w
hen
the
li
ne
(L
_S7
-
S9
)
is
out
of
se
r
vices,
a
nd
D
IgSIL
AN
T
co
ord
inati
on
as
sist
an
t
is
run
ing
acc
ordi
ng
t
o
instal
l
ed
protect
ion
de
vices
on the line
s.
Table
1 s
how
s
par
am
et
ers o
f l
ines
hav
i
ng
pr
otect
ion
de
vice
s
w
hich
the
co
ordinati
on
will
be
exec
uted
accor
ding t
o
th
e
m
.
Table
1
.
Ca
se
1
li
nes
p
a
ram
eter
s
Line
Leng
th
,
Km
Z,
Oh
m
L_S7
-
S1
1
150
6
3
.89
L_S6
-
S7
150
6
3
.86
L_S6
-
S5
100
4
2
.60
7
L_S7
-
S9
10
4
.57
8
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En
hancin
g
t
he perfor
m
an
ce
o
f
d
ist
ance
prote
ct
ion
rel
ays usi
ng inter
activ
e con
tr
ol
…
(
Sal
ah K. El
-
Saye
d
)
415
4.1.1
Ca
se
1
-
A
w
ith
out ch
ang
e in ne
twork
top
ology
T
he c
oord
i
nation
res
ult
s
are
e
xecu
te
d i
n
Ta
bl
e
2 colum
n2.
Wh
e
n t
he
fa
ult
occur
s
in
li
ne
L_S6
-
S7
t
he
fau
lt
ed
im
ped
ance
pick
ed
up t
he rel
ay
is 69.
9 p
ri.Ohm
w
it
h t
ripp
i
ng tim
e 0
.74 s
ec
. as sh
own
in
Fig
ur
e
5.
Figure
5.
Ca
se
1
-
A
R
-
X pl
ot in
case
of
no cha
ng
e
in
netw
ork
t
op
l
plo
gy
Table
2
.
Ca
se
1 co
ordinati
on
r
esults
Zon
e no
.
In case
o
f
all
lin
es
in
service
In case of
L
_
S7
-
S
9
ou
t of
service
Zon
e 1
5
4
.3
5
4
.3
Zon
e 2
6
6
.6
1
0
2
.2
Zon
e 3
6
9
.28
4
1
3
6
.27
4.1.2
C
as
e
1
-
B
network
top
ol
ogy
c
hange
d
T
he
co
ordi
nation res
ult
s
are
obta
ined
i
n
Tabl
e
2
colum
n3. W
he
n
the
fau
lt
o
ccu
r
s
in the l
ine L_
S
6
-
S
7
at
the
sam
e
dis
ta
nce
with
th
e
sam
e
fau
lt
ed
im
ped
ance
pic
k
ed
up
the
relay
is
69
.
9
pr
i.
O
hm
bu
t
with
tri
pp
i
ng
tim
e 0
.3
9 sec
.
as sho
wn in
Figure
6.
Figure
6
.
Case
1
-
B R
-
X
p
l
ot in
case
of
netw
ork
topolo
gy ch
a
nged
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n
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E
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c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
1
,
Ja
nu
a
ry
201
9
:
4
11
–
4
19
416
4.2
.
Ca
se
2
-
Ef
fect
of p
ar
allel
li
nes o
u
tages
o
n
DR se
tt
in
gs
Fo
r
par
al
le
l
li
ne
s,
it
s
hould
be
ta
ke
n
int
o
acc
ount
t
hat
the
phase
set
ti
ngs
m
us
t
be
cha
ng
ed
[20].
T
his
case
il
lustrate
s
set
ti
ng
va
riat
io
n
of
DR2
w
hic
h
placed
i
n
S
ub.9
path
(P
S9
-
S
8)
w
hen
the
li
ne
(L
_S7
-
S8
-
1)
is
ou
t
of
ser
vices,
DIgSILA
NT
c
oor
din
at
io
n
assist
ant
is
r
unin
g
a
ccordin
g
t
o
the
cha
ng
e
in
t
he
netw
ork
t
opology.
I
n
Table
3 param
et
ers
of li
nes
which
us
e
d
t
he
c
oor
din
at
io
n
ass
ist
ant.
Table
3
.
Ca
se
2
li
nes
p
a
ram
eter
s
Line
Leng
th
,
K
m
Z,
Oh
m
L_S9
-
S7
10
4
.57
L_S7
-
S8
-
1
8
3
.43
6
6
7
L_S7
-
S8
-
2
8
3
.28
L_S8
-
S9
9
4
.12
1
4.2.1
Ca
se
2
-
A
w
itho
u
t
ch
ang
ing in
netw
or
k top
olog
y
T
he
co
ordi
nation res
ult
s
are
s
how
n
in
Ta
ble
4
col
um
n2
. When
t
he
fa
ult o
ccur
s i
n
li
ne
L
_S7
-
S8
-
1
t
he
fau
lt
ed
im
ped
ance
picke
d up t
he rel
ay
is 6
.
6
pr
i.
O
hm
w
it
h
trip
ping ti
m
e 0
.7
4 sec
.
as s
ho
wn in
Fig
ur
e
7.
Fig
ure
7. Ca
se
2
-
A
R
-
X pl
ot in
case
of
no cha
ng
e
in
netw
or
k
to
plp
l
og
y
Table
4
.
Ca
se
2 co
ordinati
on
r
esults
Zon
e no
.
In case of
all
lin
es
in
service
In case of
L
_
S7
-
S8
-
2
ou
t of
service
Zon
e 1
3
.89
3
.89
Zon
e 2
6
.54
6
.64
Zon
e 3
8
.67
9
8
.83
9
4.2.2
C
as
e
2
-
B
network
top
ol
ogy
c
hange
d
T
he c
oor
din
at
ion
res
ult
s
are
e
xecu
te
d i
n
Tab
le
4 col
um
n3
.
Con
si
der
i
ng
L
_S7
-
S8
-
2
out
of
ser
vies
a
nd
the
fa
ult
occur
s
in
li
ne L
_S7
-
S8
-
1
at
the
sa
m
e
distance
wi
th
the
sam
e
faul
te
d i
m
ped
ance
pic
ked
up
the
relay
is
6.6 pri.
O
hm
b
ut
w
it
h
tri
pp
i
ng
tim
e 0
.3
9 sec
.
as sho
wn in
Figure
8.
These
res
ults
e
xp
la
in
the
urge
nt
need
f
or
int
eracti
ve
c
ontro
l
syst
e
m
execut
ing
t
he
relay
s
set
ti
ng
s
t
o
im
pr
ove it
s per
form
ance as w
i
ll
b
e il
lustrate
d i
n pr
act
ic
al
p
a
rt.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
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esi
a
n
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Sci
IS
S
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En
hancin
g
t
he perfor
m
an
ce
o
f
d
ist
ance
prote
ct
ion
rel
ays usi
ng inter
activ
e con
tr
ol
…
(
Sal
ah K. El
-
Saye
d
)
417
Fig
ure
8. Ca
se
2
-
B R
-
X
p
l
ot
-
i
n
case
of
netw
ork
t
opology c
hange
d
5.
PROP
OSE
D PRA
CTI
CA
L
SYSTE
M CO
NFIGU
RA
TI
ON A
ND R
ES
ULTS
A
pract
ic
al
re
pr
ese
ntati
on
t
o
en
ha
nce
prote
ct
ion
syst
em
per
f
or
m
ance
be
en
done
t
hrough
Siem
ens
hard
war
e a
nd s
of
t
war
e
pac
kages.
5.1
.
H
ardw
ar
e dev
ic
es
Thr
ee
Pro
gr
am
m
able
Log
ic
C
on
t
ro
ll
ers
S7_
313C
-
2DP
ra
c
ks
are
us
e
d.
O
ne
as
m
ast
er
rack
rea
ds
the
DIgS
ILANT
outp
ut
c
oord
i
nat
ion
res
ults,
a
nd
tw
o
oth
e
rs
Slaves
(D
R
1
an
d
DR2).
Lapt
op
i
s
us
e
d
as
se
r
ve
r,
plus
pro
gr
am
m
ing
dev
ic
e.
P
rop
ose
d
S
ACD
A
c
onfi
gurati
on N
et
Pr
o c
omm
un
icati
on
netw
ork
i
s sho
wn in
Fig
ur
e
9.
Fig
ure
9.
Pro
pose
d
SC
ADA c
onfig
ur
at
io
n i
n
Ste
p7
-
NetPr
o
5.2
.
S
oftware
s
SI
MAT
IC S
TE
P 7 V5.
5 for
P
LC p
rogr
am
m
i
ng, W
i
nCC
V7.0
f
or
SCA
DA
sta
ti
on
progra
m
m
ing
.
5.3
.
Pr
act
ic
al
sy
s
tem re
sult
s
The
pract
ic
al
resu
lt
s
de
pend
on
t
he
outp
ut
coor
din
at
io
n
res
ults
from
DI
gSILA
NT
pro
gr
a
m
.
Figu
re
9
represe
nt
the
a
ct
ual
data
se
nt
by
m
ast
er
PL
C
to
tw
o
sla
ve
s
(
DRs
)
t
o
en
ha
nce
it
s
perfor
m
ance
as
proved
i
n
DIgsila
nt
sim
ulati
on
res
ults
be
fore.
SCA
DA
act
ual
r
um
time
scree
n
s
how
n
in
Fig
ure
10
(a
)
with
no
c
ha
ng
e
in
netw
ork
to
po
l
ogy
DRs
are
set
aut
om
at
ic
a
ll
y.
W
it
h
a
ny
cha
ng
e
i
n
netw
ork
to
po
l
ogy
DRs
set
ti
ng
a
re
up
dated,
Figure
10
b
il
lustrate
s
SCA
D
A
act
ual
r
um
t
i
m
e
screen
w
he
n
L_
S7
-
S
9
ou
t
of
se
rv
ic
e
DR1
set
ti
ng
aut
om
a
ti
cal
ly
change
d,
a
nd
F
igure
10
c
sho
w
the
on
li
ne
c
ha
ng
e
s in
D
R
2 w
hen L
_S7
-
S
8_
2 ou
t
of se
rv
ie
s
.
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on
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a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
1
,
Ja
nu
a
ry
201
9
:
4
11
–
4
19
418
a
b
c
Figure
10. Prac
ti
cal
r
esults
f
rom
W
inCC
pr
ogram
w
it
h
c
onsiderin
g
a
uto
m
at
ic
sett
ing
:
(a)
Wh
e
n n
o
c
ha
nge in
netw
ork
t
opology;
(
b)
DR
1
se
tt
ing
ch
a
nges i
n
case
of line
L_S7
-
S9 o
ut
of
se
rv
ic
es;
(c)
DR2
set
ti
ng
c
ha
ng
e
s
in case
of
li
ne L_S
7
-
S8
-
1 ou
t
of se
rv
ic
es
6.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
Dista
nce
relay
se
tt
ing
s
var
ia
ti
on
du
e
to c
ha
ngin
g
i
n netw
ork
t
opology
no
t
lim
it
ed
to
fau
lt
s o
cc
urs
bu
t
m
ay
hap
pe
n
duri
ng
m
aneuve
rin
g
of
the
el
e
ct
rical
networ
k
pa
rt
s
.
T
her
e
are
m
ai
n
feat
ur
es
a
re
ga
ine
d
f
ro
m
pro
po
se
d
syst
e
m
add
e
d
val
ue
to
en
ha
nce
pr
otect
ion
syst
e
m
decisi
on
s
.
Whe
n
DRs
are
li
nk
e
d
to
sim
ulati
on
pro
gr
am
p
re
dict
s
accurate
sett
ing
s
, th
is
m
ade
protect
io
n
syst
e
m
m
or
e reli
ab
le
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
En
hancin
g
t
he perfor
m
an
ce
o
f
d
ist
ance
prote
ct
ion
rel
ays usi
ng inter
activ
e con
tr
ol
…
(
Sal
ah K. El
-
Saye
d
)
419
Ce
ntral
SC
A
D
A
syst
em
us
e
d
for
sen
d
ing
dat
a
to
DRs
in
sta
ll
ed
a
dd
ed
m
any
feat
ur
es
on
e
of
them
m
ade
good c
oor
din
at
ion
betwee
n D
Rs w
hich
e
nha
nced
the
syst
em
p
erf
orm
ance
.
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NCE
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ckbur
n
J,
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in
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el
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i
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it
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y
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ehe
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ote
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ern
ational
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ren
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ent
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er
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y
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an
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og
y
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ol
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ad
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ove
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EE
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ms
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[7]
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y
din
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agmur
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hm
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nsm
ission
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e R
ela
y
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ul
at
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o
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2016;
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ao
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ang
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ee
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n
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en
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al
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ournal
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ct
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ley
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,
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right
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.
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t
ica
l el
e
ct
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ic
a
l
n
etw
ork
aut
om
at
ion
and comm
unic
at
ion
s
y
st
em.
Du
tc
h:
El
sev
ie
r
.
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