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s
is
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
an
d
th
e
co
n
cl
u
d
i
n
g
r
e
m
ar
k
s
ar
e
o
u
tli
n
ed
in
last
s
ec
ti
o
n
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
Si
m
p
le
Ass
e
m
b
l
y
L
in
e
B
alan
cin
g
P
r
o
b
le
m
(
S
AL
B
P
)
w
h
ic
h
also
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
A
s
s
e
m
b
l
y
L
i
n
e
B
alan
cin
g
P
r
o
b
le
m
(
AL
B
P
)
[
1
5
]
.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
a
u
th
o
r
s
h
a
v
e
ex
p
lo
r
ed
th
is
ar
ea
i
n
t
h
ese
p
ast
y
ea
r
s
[
1
6
-
19]
.
No
u
r
m
o
h
a
m
m
ad
a
n
d
E
s
k
an
d
ar
i
[
1
3
]
is
class
i
f
ied
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
S
AL
B
P
in
to
t
w
o
.
T
h
e
S
A
L
B
P
-
1
ai
m
s
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
w
o
r
k
s
tatio
n
n
u
m
b
er
w
it
h
a
g
i
v
en
c
y
cle
ti
m
e
[
2
0
]
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
S
AL
B
P
-
2
ai
m
s
to
m
in
i
m
ize
c
y
cle
ti
m
e
w
it
h
a
g
i
v
e
n
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
w
o
r
k
s
tatio
n
[
2
1
]
.
A
t
t
h
is
in
s
ta
n
t,
s
o
m
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
er
s
m
ig
h
t
att
r
ac
ted
to
d
o
a
s
t
u
d
y
o
n
S
AL
B
P
-
3
[
1
8
]
an
d
SA
L
B
P
-
E
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
SAL
B
P
-
3
aim
s
to
m
ax
i
m
ize
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
lo
a
d
s
m
o
o
th
i
n
g
w
h
il
e
S
A
L
B
P
-
E
ai
m
s
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
w
o
r
k
s
tat
io
n
an
d
c
y
c
le
ti
m
e
s
i
m
u
ltan
eo
u
s
l
y
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
t
y
p
es
o
f
as
s
e
m
b
l
y
lin
e
m
o
d
el
[
2
3
]
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
s
in
g
le
m
o
d
e
l
[
2
4
]
,
m
i
x
ed
m
o
d
el
[
2
5
]
an
d
m
u
lt
i
m
o
d
el
[
2
6
]
.
A
d
d
itio
n
al
l
y
,
t
h
er
e
also
s
o
m
e
class
i
f
icatio
n
s
i
n
ter
m
o
f
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
w
o
r
k
s
tat
io
n
s
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le
s
tr
aig
h
t
lin
e
[
2
7
]
, U
-
s
h
ap
ed
[
2
8
]
,
tw
o
-
s
id
ed
[
2
9
]
an
d
p
ar
allel
w
o
r
k
s
t
atio
n
[
3
0
]
.
3.
P
RO
B
L
E
M
DE
SCRI
P
T
I
O
N
On
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
ed
b
y
m
a
n
u
f
ac
tu
r
i
n
g
c
o
m
p
a
n
ies
[
3
1
,
32]
is
th
e
as
s
e
m
b
l
y
lin
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
a
s
s
e
m
b
l
y
lin
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
w
id
el
y
ap
p
lied
in
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
in
g
a
u
to
m
o
b
ile
[
3
3
,
34]
,
c
o
m
p
u
ter
,
elec
tr
o
n
ic
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
[
3
5
]
an
d
o
th
er
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
er
e
ar
e
tw
o
m
aj
o
r
p
r
o
b
lem
s
f
ac
ed
b
y
t
h
e
co
m
p
an
ie
s
w
h
e
n
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
;
t
h
e
b
o
ttle
n
e
ck
a
n
d
th
e
id
le
ti
m
e
[
3
6
]
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
ical
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
is
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
a
m
p
le
to
s
h
o
w
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
clea
r
l
y
w
h
en
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
ass
e
m
b
l
y
l
in
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
i
n
g
elec
tr
ical
ap
p
lian
ce
s
.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
is
th
e
P
M
1
7
-
P
,
w
h
ic
h
is
o
n
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
ed
b
y
th
e
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
s
i
te
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
ass
e
m
b
l
y
li
n
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
f
ac
to
r
y
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
es
th
e
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
1
9
w
o
r
k
s
tatio
n
s
.
As
th
e
as
s
e
m
b
l
y
li
n
e
s
y
s
te
m
ap
p
lied
,
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
d
ea
l
s
w
it
h
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
f
ac
ed
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
e
n
tire
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Fo
r
t
h
is
f
ac
to
r
y
,
2
9
s
ec
o
n
d
s
h
as
b
ee
n
s
et
b
y
t
h
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
en
g
i
n
ee
r
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
c
y
cle
ti
m
e
in
o
r
d
er
to
f
i
x
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
r
ate
w
it
h
o
u
t
an
y
d
elay
.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
h
as
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
th
at
th
e
ef
f
icac
y
r
ate
o
f
t
h
is
as
s
e
m
b
l
y
li
n
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
6
7
%.
T
h
is
r
ate
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
p
o
o
r
.
I
t
is
b
ec
au
s
e
th
er
e
ar
e
o
th
er
co
m
p
et
in
g
co
m
p
a
n
ies
h
a
s
s
h
o
w
ed
a
b
et
ter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
w
ith
a
f
e
w
er
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
w
o
r
k
s
ta
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
SAL
B
P
in
th
is
elec
tr
ical
f
ac
to
r
y
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
at
th
e
y
ar
e
f
ac
in
g
w
it
h
p
o
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
an
d
les
s
ef
f
icien
t.
B
o
th
o
f
t
h
ese
i
s
s
u
es
d
ef
i
n
itel
y
w
ill
lead
to
h
i
g
h
er
co
s
t
s
an
d
lo
w
p
r
o
d
u
cti
v
it
y
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
S
AL
B
P
o
f
P
M
1
7
-
P
h
as
b
ee
n
s
h
o
w
n
g
r
ap
h
ical
l
y
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
O
n
e
o
f
th
e
w
o
r
k
s
tat
io
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
is
o
b
v
io
u
s
l
y
f
ac
i
n
g
w
i
th
b
o
ttlen
ec
k
s
s
itu
a
tio
n
s
.
Me
an
w
h
ile
th
e
id
li
n
g
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
o
th
er
w
o
r
k
s
tatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
ato
r
s
h
av
e
to
w
ai
t f
o
r
th
e
n
ex
t ta
s
k
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
w
o
r
k
s
tatio
n
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
m
o
r
e
b
ala
n
ce
d
ass
e
m
b
l
y
li
n
e,
b
o
th
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
;
th
e
b
o
ttlen
ec
k
an
d
th
e
id
le
ti
m
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
i
n
d
i
v
id
u
all
y
.
T
h
e
b
o
ttle
n
ec
k
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
o
lv
ed
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
w
o
r
k
s
tatio
n
s
m
ea
n
w
h
ile
m
i
n
i
m
izi
n
g
t
h
e
id
le
ti
m
e
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
tatio
n
s
.
C
o
n
s
e
q
u
e
n
tl
y
,
a
b
et
ter
w
a
y
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ap
p
lied
in
o
r
d
er
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
th
e
ex
is
ti
n
g
as
s
e
m
b
l
y
li
n
e.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
w
i
ll
f
o
c
u
s
o
b
j
ec
tiv
el
y
o
n
h
o
w
to
r
ed
u
ce
co
s
t
s
a
n
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
it
y
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
i
s
p
ap
er
is
f
o
c
u
s
i
n
g
o
n
t
h
r
ee
m
ai
n
is
s
u
es
i
n
s
o
l
v
in
g
t
h
e
S
A
L
B
P
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
id
le
ti
m
e,
m
in
i
m
izi
n
g
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
s
tatio
n
an
d
b
alan
ci
n
g
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
lo
ad
f
ac
ed
o
n
ea
c
h
w
o
r
k
s
tatio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
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-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
17
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
20
:
8
5
0
-
8
5
7
852
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Gr
ap
h
f
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t s
y
s
te
m
S
AL
B
P
o
f
P
M
1
7
-
P
4.
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
He
u
r
is
tic
is
a
p
o
p
u
lar
m
et
h
o
d
s
[
3
7
]
an
d
o
f
ten
u
s
ed
as
a
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
s
o
l
v
in
g
S
AL
B
P
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
w
a
s
ch
o
s
e
n
b
ec
au
s
e
it
s
u
g
g
es
ts
a
s
o
l
u
tio
n
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
r
u
l
es
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
s
co
m
p
lex
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
S
o
lu
tio
n
u
s
in
g
m
a
th
e
m
atica
l
m
et
h
o
d
s
ca
n
b
e
to
o
co
m
p
le
x
e
s
p
ec
iall
y
w
h
en
in
v
o
l
v
i
n
g
w
it
h
b
ig
g
er
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
So
m
e
au
th
o
r
s
li
k
e
[
3
8
]
s
tated
th
at
h
e
u
r
is
tic
i
s
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
f
o
r
f
i
n
d
in
g
o
p
tim
a
l so
lu
tio
n
.
So
,
L
ar
g
est
C
a
n
d
id
ate
R
u
le
(
L
C
R
)
,
R
an
k
ed
P
o
s
itio
n
al
W
eig
h
t
(
R
P
W
)
,
Sh
o
r
test
P
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
T
i
m
e
(
SP
T
)
an
d
L
o
n
g
est
P
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
T
im
e
(
L
P
T
)
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
w
h
et
h
er
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
w
o
r
k
s
tatio
n
s
in
t
h
e
ass
e
m
b
l
y
li
n
e
ca
n
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
o
r
n
o
t.
T
o
g
eth
er
,
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
b
o
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task
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1
.
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me
(
s)
W
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st
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t
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(
s)
1
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se
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5
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27
Q
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c
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1
2
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1
1
So
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p
ar
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in
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i
s
p
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o
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er
to
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ti
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e
b
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t
m
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l so
lu
tio
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er
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n
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lo
g
ies a
n
d
f
o
r
m
u
la
s
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e
s
h
o
w
ed
as:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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d
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J
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C
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m
p
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N:
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-
4752
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o
lvin
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emb
ly
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b
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ci
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p
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g
h
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r
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tic:
A
ca
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853
4
.
1
.
L
a
rg
est
Ca
nd
ida
t
e
Rule
(
L
C
R)
I
n
th
i
s
m
et
h
o
d
,
task
ar
e
ar
r
an
g
ed
i
n
d
esce
n
d
in
g
o
r
d
er
o
f
w
o
r
k
s
tatio
n
t
i
m
e
f
r
o
m
h
ig
h
e
s
t
to
lo
w
est
v
al
u
e.
T
h
e
ass
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
o
f
tas
k
s
i
n
to
w
o
r
k
s
tat
io
n
s
ar
e
s
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
to
p
to
b
o
tto
m
b
ased
o
n
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t.
W
h
e
n
o
n
e
task
is
s
elec
ted
to
as
s
i
g
n
in
t
o
th
e
w
o
r
k
s
tatio
n
,
t
h
e
n
e
x
t
ta
s
k
s
elec
tio
n
w
ill
b
e
r
ep
ea
ted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
to
p
lis
t.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ar
e
r
ep
ea
ted
u
n
til all
th
e
tas
k
s
ar
e
ass
ig
n
ed
to
th
e
w
o
r
k
s
tatio
n
s
.
4
.
2
.
Ra
n
k
ed
P
o
s
it
io
na
l We
ig
ht
(
RP
W)
R
an
k
ed
P
o
s
itio
n
al
W
eig
h
t
s
(
R
P
W
)
is
a
m
et
h
o
d
th
at
s
o
r
tin
g
t
ask
b
ased
o
n
w
ei
g
h
ts
v
al
u
e
f
r
o
m
lar
g
es
t
to
s
m
al
lest
.
T
h
e
v
a
lu
e
o
f
w
ei
g
h
t
i
s
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
s
u
m
m
i
n
g
u
p
th
e
to
tal
ta
s
k
ti
m
e
w
it
h
p
r
ev
io
u
s
w
ei
g
h
ts
v
al
u
e.
A
ta
s
k
t
h
at
h
a
s
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
weig
h
ts
v
alu
e
i
s
s
elec
ted
f
ir
s
t
t
o
ass
ig
n
to
th
e
w
o
r
k
s
tatio
n
.
T
h
en
,
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
a
s
m
al
ler
R
P
W
v
alu
e.
T
h
e
task
ass
i
g
n
m
e
n
t s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
b
y
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t.
4
.
3
.
Sh
o
rt
est
P
ro
ce
s
s
ing
T
i
m
e
(
S
P
T
)
Sh
o
r
test
P
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
T
i
m
e
(
SP
T
)
m
eth
o
d
u
s
es
t
h
e
cr
iter
ia
o
f
s
elec
ti
n
g
t
h
e
s
h
o
r
test
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
t
i
m
e
o
r
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
ti
m
e
to
a
s
s
i
g
n
to
th
e
w
o
r
k
s
tatio
n
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
m
e
th
o
d
,
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
ti
m
e
f
o
r
n
o
d
e
w
i
th
o
u
t
p
r
ev
io
u
s
co
n
s
tr
ain
t a
n
d
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t n
o
d
e
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
an
d
th
e
s
h
o
r
t
est p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ti
m
e
w
ill b
e
s
el
ec
ted
.
4
.
4
.
L
o
ng
est
P
ro
ce
s
s
ing
T
i
m
e
(
L
P
T
)
L
o
n
g
est
P
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
T
i
m
e
(
L
P
T
)
m
et
h
o
d
u
s
e
s
t
h
e
cr
iter
ia
o
f
s
elec
ti
n
g
t
h
e
lo
n
g
est
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
ti
m
e
o
r
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
ti
m
e
to
a
s
s
i
g
n
to
th
e
w
o
r
k
s
tatio
n
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
m
e
th
o
d
,
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
ti
m
e
f
o
r
n
o
d
e
w
i
th
o
u
t
p
r
ev
io
u
s
co
n
s
tr
ain
t a
n
d
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t n
o
d
e
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
an
d
th
e
lo
n
g
e
s
t p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ti
m
e
w
ill b
e
s
ele
cted
.
5.
RE
SU
L
T
AND
DI
SCUS
SI
O
N
T
h
eo
r
etica
lly
,
h
eu
r
i
s
tic
m
et
h
o
d
s
s
u
c
h
as
L
C
R
,
R
P
W
,
SP
T
a
n
d
L
P
T
ar
e
ab
le
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
ass
e
m
b
l
y
lin
e
b
ala
n
ci
n
g
p
r
o
b
le
m
o
f
P
M
1
7
-
P
.
I
t
is
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
th
e
s
e
f
o
u
r
h
e
u
r
is
tic
m
et
h
o
d
s
s
u
cc
ee
d
in
b
ala
n
ci
n
g
t
h
e
ass
e
m
b
l
y
l
in
e
b
etter
t
h
a
n
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
ab
le
4
r
ep
r
e
s
en
t
s
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
b
et
w
ee
n
h
e
u
r
is
ti
c
m
et
h
o
d
s
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
s
y
s
te
m
.
B
ased
o
n
T
ab
le
4
,
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
o
f
h
e
u
r
is
tic
m
et
h
o
d
s
L
C
R
,
R
P
W
,
SP
T
an
d
L
PT
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
t
w
o
n
e
w
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
s
S
AL
B
P
o
f
P
M
1
7
-
P
w
h
ich
ar
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
la
y
o
u
t
c
h
an
g
es
a
n
d
m
o
d
el
o
f
la
y
o
u
t
w
i
th
o
u
t c
h
a
n
g
es.
5
.
1
.
M
o
del I:
L
a
y
o
ut
Cha
ng
es
M
o
del
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
L
C
R
,
R
P
W
an
d
L
P
T
b
r
in
g
u
p
Mo
d
el
I
th
at
g
i
v
es
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
r
esu
lt
f
o
r
all
t
h
r
ee
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
c
h
a
n
g
es
in
t
h
e
ta
s
k
s
p
ec
if
icat
io
n
o
f
th
e
o
p
er
ato
r
an
d
b
alan
cin
g
r
esu
lt
a
ls
o
af
f
ec
t
t
h
e
m
ac
h
in
e
la
y
o
u
t.
W
h
er
e
th
e
win
d
in
g
m
ac
h
in
e
c
u
r
r
en
tl
y
at
w
o
r
k
s
tatio
n
1
h
ad
to
b
e
m
o
v
ed
to
w
o
r
k
s
tat
io
n
6
.
W
h
er
ea
s
t
h
e
c
h
an
g
e
in
tas
k
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
i
n
v
o
lv
e
a
t
w
o
r
k
s
tat
io
n
s
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
,
1
0
,
1
4
a
n
d
1
5
.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
ch
an
g
e
i
n
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
f
o
r
th
i
s
m
o
d
el.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
o
n
l
y
i
n
v
o
lv
e
s
s
m
all
la
y
o
u
t
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
w
it
h
o
u
t
cr
ea
tin
g
th
e
co
m
p
licated
f
l
o
w
p
r
o
ce
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E
S
[1
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A
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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[3
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A
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[5
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o
.
4
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p
p
.
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0
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6
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0
1
8
.
[7
]
J.
Yu
a
n
d
Y.
Yi
n
,
"
A
ss
e
m
b
l
y
li
n
e
b
a
lan
c
in
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se
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n
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ti
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lg
o
rit
h
m
,
"
J
.
Ad
v
.
M
a
n
u
f.
T
e
c
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l
.,
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l.
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8
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.
1
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4
,
p
p
.
3
4
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5
4
,
2
0
1
0
.
[8
]
A
.
Ba
y
k
a
so
ǧ
lu
a
n
d
T
.
De
re
li
,
"
S
i
m
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le
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n
d
u
-
ty
p
e
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ss
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se
d
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lg
o
rit
h
m
,
"
M
a
th
.
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o
mp
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l
.
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4
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o
.
1
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p
p
.
1
-
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2
,
2
0
0
9
.
[9
]
I.
Ku
c
u
k
k
o
c
,
D.
Z.
Zh
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
E.
C.
Ke
e
d
w
e
ll
,
"
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a
lan
c
in
g
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ra
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o
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o
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h
m
,
"
2
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d
S
y
m
p
.
Na
tu
re
-
In
sp
ire
d
Co
mp
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1
3
.
[1
0
]
S
.
G
h
o
sh
a
n
d
R.
J.
G
a
g
n
o
n
,
"
A
c
o
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re
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n
siv
e
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tera
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n
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o
f
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l
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s
y
ste
m
s,
"
In
t.
J
.
Pro
d
.
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
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o
.
4
,
p
p
.
6
3
7
-
6
7
0
,
1
9
8
9
.
[1
1
]
S
.
D.
L
a
p
ierre
a
n
d
A
.
B.
Ru
iz,
"
Ba
lan
c
in
g
a
ss
e
m
b
l
y
li
n
e
s:
A
n
in
d
u
strial
c
a
se
stu
d
y
,
"
J.
Op
e
r.
Re
s.
S
o
c
.
,
v
o
l.
5
5
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
5
8
9
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7
,
2
0
0
4
.
[1
2
]
A
.
Ha
m
z
a
d
a
y
i
a
n
d
G
.
Yild
iz,
"
A
sim
u
late
d
a
n
n
e
a
li
n
g
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
b
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se
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ro
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r
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U
-
li
n
e
s q
,
"
Co
mp
u
t.
In
d
.
En
g
.
,
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l.
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6
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o
.
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p
.
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0
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0
1
3
.
[1
3
]
A
.
No
u
rm
o
h
a
m
m
a
d
a
n
d
H.
Esk
a
n
d
a
ri,
"
A
s
se
m
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l
y
li
n
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d
e
sig
n
c
o
n
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rin
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n
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"
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ss
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m
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to
m
.
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l.
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o
.
1
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p
p
.
1
3
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4
3
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
4
]
B.
Zh
o
u
a
n
d
Q.
W
u
,
"
A
n
o
v
e
l
o
p
t
im
a
l
m
e
th
o
d
o
f
ro
b
o
ti
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w
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ld
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ss
e
m
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ly
li
n
e
b
a
lan
c
in
g
p
ro
b
lem
s
w
it
h
c
h
a
n
g
e
o
v
e
r
ti
m
e
s: a ca
se
stu
d
y
,
"
A
ss
e
m
.
A
u
t
o
m
.
,
v
o
l.
3
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
7
6
-
3
8
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
5
]
M
.
G
a
n
ste
re
r
a
n
d
R.
F
.
Ha
rtl
,
"
On
e
-
a
n
d
tw
o
-
sid
e
d
a
ss
e
m
b
l
y
li
n
e
b
a
lan
c
in
g
p
ro
b
lem
s
w
it
h
re
a
l
-
w
o
rld
c
o
n
stra
i
n
ts,
"
In
t.
J
.
Pro
d
.
Res
.
,
v
o
l
.
5
6
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
3
0
2
5
-
3
0
4
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
6
]
G
.
Nic
o
sia
,
D.
P
a
c
c
iare
ll
i,
a
n
d
A
.
P
a
c
if
ici,
"
Op
ti
m
a
ll
y
b
a
lan
c
in
g
a
ss
e
m
b
l
y
li
n
e
s
w
it
h
d
iff
e
r
e
n
t
w
o
rk
sta
ti
o
n
s,"
Disc
re
t.
A
p
p
l.
M
a
th
.
,
v
o
l.
1
1
8
,
n
o
.
1
-
2
,
p
p
.
9
9
-
1
1
3
,
2
0
0
2
.
[1
7
]
O.
Ba
tt
a
ïa
a
n
d
A
.
Do
lg
u
i,
"
Re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
a
p
p
r
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c
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f
o
r
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ra
li
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e
d
li
n
e
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a
lan
c
in
g
p
ro
b
lem
,
"
Co
m
p
u
t.
Op
e
r.
Re
s.,
v
o
l.
3
9
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
2
3
3
7
-
2
3
4
5
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
8
]
M
.
A
z
izo
ğ
lu
a
n
d
S
.
İ
m
a
t,
"
W
o
rk
lo
a
d
sm
o
o
th
in
g
in
sim
p
le
a
ss
e
m
b
ly
li
n
e
b
a
lan
c
in
g
,
"
Co
m
p
u
t.
Op
e
r.
Re
s.,
v
o
l.
8
9
,
p
p
.
5
1
-
5
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
9
]
D.
G
ig
li
o
,
M
.
P
a
o
lu
c
c
i,
A
.
Ro
sh
a
n
i,
a
n
d
F
.
T
o
n
e
ll
i,
"
M
u
lt
i
-
m
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n
n
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ss
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l
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lan
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ro
b
l
e
m
w
it
h
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il
led
w
o
rk
e
r
s: A
n
e
w
m
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
a
l
f
o
rm
u
latio
n
,
"
IF
A
C
-
P
a
p
e
rsO
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in
e
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l.
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0
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.
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p
.
1
2
1
1
-
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6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
0
]
M
.
F
a
t
h
i,
D.
B.
M
.
M
.
F
o
n
tes
,
M
.
Ur
e
n
d
a
M
o
ris,
a
n
d
M
.
G
h
o
b
a
k
h
lo
o
,
"
A
ss
e
m
b
l
y
li
n
e
b
a
lan
c
in
g
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ro
b
lem
:
A
c
o
m
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ra
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ti
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o
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risti
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e
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t
o
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jec
ti
v
e
s,"
J
.
M
o
d
e
l.
M
a
n
a
g
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
4
5
5
-
4
7
4
,
M
a
y
2
0
1
8
.
[2
1
]
H.
P
.
T
o
ro
u
d
i,
M
.
S
.
M
a
d
a
n
i
,
F
.
S
a
rlak
,
a
n
d
Y.
G
.
Ka
n
a
n
i,
"
A
m
u
lt
i
-
o
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jec
ti
v
e
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
so
lv
in
g
a
ss
e
m
b
l
y
li
n
e
b
a
lan
c
in
g
p
r
o
b
lem
,
"
De
c
is.
S
c
i.
Lett.
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
2
]
I.
Be
las
siria,
M
.
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
,
E.
S
a
id
,
C.
A
n
a
ss
,
a
n
d
E.
M
.
Zak
a
ria,
"
S
o
lv
in
g
a
ss
e
m
b
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n
e
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lan
c
in
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p
ro
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lem
u
sin
g
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h
y
b
rid
g
e
n
e
ti
c
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
w
it
h
z
o
n
i
n
g
c
o
n
stra
in
ts,
"
In
t.
J
.
Bu
s.
M
a
n
a
g
.
In
v
e
n
t
.
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
4
-
4
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
3
]
M
.
P
.
G
ro
o
v
e
r,
"
A
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
,
p
ro
d
u
c
ti
o
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sy
ste
m
s,
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
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ter
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teg
ra
ted
m
a
n
u
f
a
c
tu
rin
g
,
"
P
re
n
t
ice
Ha
ll
,
p
p
.
8
1
5
,
2
0
0
7
.
[2
4
]
L
.
Bo
rb
a
,
M
.
Rit
t,
a
n
d
C.
M
irall
e
s,
"
Ex
a
c
t
a
n
d
h
e
u
risti
c
m
e
th
o
d
s
f
o
r
so
lv
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e
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o
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o
ti
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ss
e
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b
l
y
li
n
e
b
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lan
c
in
g
p
ro
b
lem
,
"
Eu
r.
J
.
Op
e
r.
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
2
7
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
4
6
-
1
5
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
5
]
A
.
Biel
e
a
n
d
L
.
M
ö
n
c
h
,
"
H
y
b
rid
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
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s
to
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p
ti
m
ize
m
ix
e
d
-
m
o
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ss
e
m
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y
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n
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s
in
lo
w
-
v
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lu
m
e
m
a
n
u
f
a
c
tu
rin
g
,
"
J.
He
u
risti
c
s,
v
o
l.
2
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
9
-
8
1
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
6
]
D.
Kre
n
c
z
y
k
,
B.
S
k
o
lu
d
,
a
n
d
A
.
He
ro
k
,
"
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h
e
u
ristic
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n
d
simu
la
ti
o
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h
y
b
ri
d
a
p
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n
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lt
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ss
e
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ly
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n
e
b
a
l
a
n
c
i
n
g
,
"
i
n
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
In
tell
ig
e
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t
S
y
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m
s
in
P
ro
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n
E
n
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rin
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a
n
d
M
a
in
ten
a
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
9
9
-
1
0
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
7
]
J.
Hu
o
,
Z.
W
a
n
g
,
F
.
T
.
S
.
Ch
a
n
,
C.
K.
M
.
L
e
e
,
a
n
d
J.
O.
S
tran
d
h
a
g
e
n
,
"
A
s
se
m
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y
li
n
e
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a
lan
c
in
g
b
a
se
d
o
n
b
e
a
m
a
n
t
c
o
lo
n
y
o
p
ti
m
isa
ti
o
n
,
"
M
a
t
h
.
Pr
o
b
l.
En
g
.
,
v
o
l.
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
8
]
Z.
L
i,
I.
Ku
c
u
k
k
o
c
,
a
n
d
Z.
Zh
a
n
g
,
"
Bra
n
c
h
,
b
o
u
n
d
a
n
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re
m
e
m
b
e
r
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lg
o
rit
h
m
f
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r
U
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sh
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e
d
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ss
e
m
b
l
y
li
n
e
b
a
lan
c
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n
g
p
ro
b
lem
,
”
Co
mp
u
t.
I
n
d
.
En
g
.
,
v
o
l
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2
0
1
5
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
h
e
is
w
o
rk
in
g
a
s
s
e
n
io
r
lec
tu
re
r
in
Un
iv
e
rsiti
M
a
lay
sia
P
e
rli
s
(Un
iM
A
P
).
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
i
n
P
ro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
Im
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t,
L
e
a
n
S
ix
S
ig
m
a
,
M
a
n
u
f
a
c
tu
rin
g
S
y
st
e
m
A
n
a
l
y
sis,
S
i
m
u
latio
n
.
Hi
s
in
v
o
lv
e
m
e
n
t
in
P
r
o
f
e
ss
io
n
a
l
A
s
so
c
iatio
n
i
n
c
lu
d
in
g
a
g
ra
d
u
a
te
e
n
g
in
e
e
r
o
f
Bo
a
rd
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
M
a
la
y
sia
(BEM
)
a
n
d
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
f
o
r
b
o
th
Am
e
ric
a
n
S
o
c
iety
M
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(A
S
M
E)
a
n
d
M
a
lay
si
a
Bo
a
rd
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ist
(M
BOT
).
M
r.
M
u
h
a
m
a
d
H
a
f
iz
b
in
M
a
sra
n
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
Ba
c
h
e
lo
r
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
d
e
g
re
e
in
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s
(2
0
1
1
)
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
M
a
la
y
sia
S
k
u
d
a
i
a
n
d
M
.
S
c
.
i
n
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s
(2
0
1
5
)
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
M
a
la
y
sia
P
e
rli
s
(Un
iM
A
P
).
He
is
p
u
rs
u
in
g
t
h
e
P
h
D
d
e
g
re
e
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
h
e
is
a
lec
tu
re
r
in
th
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
In
stit
u
te
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
M
a
la
y
sia
P
e
rli
s
(Un
iM
A
P
).
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts Op
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
l
Re
se
a
rc
h
e
sp
e
c
ially
i
n
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
.
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