Indonesian J
ournal of Ele
c
trical Engin
eering and
Computer Sci
e
nce
Vol. 1, No. 3,
March 20
16, pp. 566 ~ 5
7
4
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/ijeecs.v1.i3.pp56
6-5
7
4
566
Re
cei
v
ed
De
cem
ber 5, 20
15; Re
vised
Febr
uary 24,
2016; Accept
ed Feb
r
ua
ry
29, 2016
Design and Implementation of a Microcontroller Based
Buck Boost Converter as a Smooth Starter for
Permanent Magnet Motor
S. Ra
v
i
1*
, Vit
a
li
y
Mez
h
u
y
ev
2
, K. I
y
s
w
a
r
y
a
Annapoo
rani
3
, P. Suk
u
mar
4
1
F
a
cult
y
of Ele
c
trical Eng
i
ne
e
r
ing,
Bots
w
a
na
Internation
a
l U
n
iversit
y
of Sci
ence &T
echno
l
o
g
y
, Pala
p
y
e,
Bo
tsw
ana
2
F
a
cult
y
of Co
mputer Scie
nc
e and Soft
w
a
re
Engin
eer
i
ng,
Univers
i
t
y
of Mala
ysi
a
Pah
a
n
g
, Pahan
g,
Malay
s
ia
3
Fa
cu
l
t
y
o
f
El
ectri
c
a
l
En
gi
n
eeri
n
g
,
VIT U
n
i
v
ersi
ty
, C
h
en
na
i
,
In
d
i
a
4
F
a
cult
y
of Ele
c
tronics an
d C
o
mmunic
a
tio
n
Engi
neer
in
g, Nand
ha En
gin
e
e
r
ing C
o
ll
ege Er
ode, Indi
a
e-mail: drrav
i
e
ee@
gmai
l.com
A
b
st
r
a
ct
T
h
is prop
osal
prop
oses a DC
/DC Buck Boos
t conv
erter w
h
ich has be
en u
s
ed as a smoo
th starter
for a
DC
Per
m
anent Magnet Motor.
In the ex
isting syst
em the DC/DC
Buck
Converter is
used whic
h
provi
de the o
u
tput less tha
n
the in
put Sig
n
a
l
. Using buck c
onverter it is
d
i
fficult to increa
se the val
ue of
the
inp
u
t sig
nal. H
ence
DC/DC
B
u
ck- Boost
Co
nverter us
ed fr
om w
h
ich it
is
possi
ble t
o
g
e
t both th
e incr
ea
se
d
and d
e
cre
a
sed
output fro
m
the give
n in
put. Previo
usly pu
l
s
e w
i
dth mo
du
latio
n
sig
nals
w
i
th respective
t
o
motor
volta
ge
i
s
used.
How
e
v
e
r they
prod
uc
e vari
atio
ns in
the vo
ltag
e a
n
d
current
of the
motor. T
h
e a
b
o
v
e
problem
is
ov
ercom
e
by using
DC
/DC P
o
wer converter.
The
proposed
system
with reduction in
si
z
e
,
reduc
ed rip
p
le
s and incr
eas
e in spe
ed makes the
system to op
erate
at both low
and h
i
gh p
o
w
e
r
app
licati
ons. T
he pro
pose
d
s
ystem resu
lts in hig
her
efficie
n
cy, reduces t
he rip
p
le co
nte
n
t and the stre
ss.
T
he results are
valid
ated thro
ugh MAT
L
AB/
Simuli
nk an
d real ti
me i
m
ple
m
e
n
tatio
n
.
Ke
y
w
ords
: Bu
ck Boost Conv
erter, Permane
nt Magnet
Mot
o
r, Pulse W
i
dth
Modul
ation, M
o
tor
1. Introduc
tion
DC/
DC Buck- Boo
s
t
Con
v
erter f
r
om
whi
c
h
we
ca
n obtai
n b
o
th the i
n
crea
sed
an
d
decrea
s
e
d
fo
rm of
output f
r
om th
e give
n
input. T
h
e
s
e
co
nverte
rs o
v
erco
me th
e
variation
s
in
the
voltage and
curre
n
t of the motor [1
-4]
.
PIC contro
ll
ers
are mi
croco
n
trolle
rs they are u
s
e
d
in
electroni
c
circuits that can
be p
r
og
ram
m
ed to
ca
rry
out a va
st ra
nge of ta
sk.
They p
r
og
ra
mmed
to
be
time
rs
o
r
to co
ntrol a prod
uctio
n
lin
e
an
d
mu
ch
more. They a
r
e relia
ble an
d
malfun
ction
i
ng
of PIC perce
ntage is very less. And performan
ce of
the PIC is very fast becau
se of using RI
SC
architectu
re
[5]. Powe
r
co
nce
p
tion i
s
al
so ve
ry
le
ss whe
n
comp
ared
to ot
her micro controll
ers.
Programmin
g
is al
so ve
ry
easy
whe
n
compa
r
ed
to
other mi
cro
c
ontrolle
rs. DC/DC bu
ck b
oost
Conve
r
ter, Battery, Diode,
Capa
citor,
MOSFET,
Co
ntrolle
r, PIC 16F se
rie
s
, DC Moto
r, O
p
tical
encode
r are i
n
volved in this proj
ect. In this pr
oje
c
t a 7801 regul
ator is u
s
ed [6-7]. The regul
ator
input voltage
is obtai
ned from the DC
source a
nd th
e reg
u
lated
o
u
tput of 5v is
given to the
PIC
microcontroll
er to the DC
Source. The
DC
sup
p
ly
is
given to the MOSFET. Du
ring O
N
state
the
swit
ch
i
s
clo
s
ed
a
nd su
ppli
e
s cu
rrent
to the
ind
u
ct
or
an
d
c
a
pa
c
i
tor
to
lo
ad
. Du
r
i
ng
O
F
F s
t
a
t
e th
e
swit
ch is o
p
e
ned an
d the indu
ctor
suppl
ies the
curren
t to the load via the diode.
The gate pul
se
is conn
ecte
d
to a gate
driv
er. Based
on
the duty cy
cl
e
the converte
r acts a
s
eithe
r
bu
ck o
r
bo
o
s
t
conve
r
ter.
When the
duty ratio is l
e
ss t
han 5
0
%
tha
n
it act a
s
a
buck
conve
r
ter an
d ab
ove
50%
it act as a b
o
o
st converte
r.
The gate d
r
i
v
er is
a p
o
we
r amplifie
r that accepts
a low po
we
r inp
u
t
from
a controller
IC and prod
uces a high curre
n
t drive inp
u
t for the g
a
te
of a high
po
wer
transi
s
to
r
su
ch a
s
p
o
wer
MOSFET. Th
e re
si
stors
used in
gate
dri
v
er ci
rcuit to
resi
st the
flo
w
of
curre
n
t. The output of the gate drive
r
is
given to
the PIC controller. An IR LED and a IR rece
iver
are c
o
nnec
ted
acros
s
the motor s
haft. During motor rotation the
s
i
gn
al path is c
u
t by the shaft
from which t
he spee
d is
measur
ed. Hence ph
oto d
i
ode i
s
u
s
ed
to mea
s
ure t
he spee
d of
th
e
motor. Th
e p
u
lse
sig
nal from the p
hoto
diode
is
given to the PI
C controller.
It is po
ssi
ble
by
usin
g PIC
co
ntrolle
r which
achi
eves favorabl
e
p
r
op
erties like a
sm
ooth st
arting
DC
pe
rman
e
n
t
magnet moto
r usin
g a bu
ck boo
st co
nverter [8
-9].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 25
02-4
752
IJEECS
Vol.
1, No. 3, March 20
16 : 566 – 574
567
The p
r
op
ose
d
system
ca
n
be u
s
ed in i
ndu
st
ry and
high po
we
r a
pplication
s
, the sy
stem
efficien
cy is increa
sed. Simulation re
su
lts sho
w
that the current rippl
e in the input and out
put
circuits i
s
le
ss. This in
cre
a
se
s the line
a
rity.This p
r
o
j
ect co
ncentrates on th
e variou
s de
sig
n
asp
e
ct
s, ste
ady state an
d transi
ent resp
on
se,
de
vice sel
e
ctio
n, operatin
g
princi
ple, g
a
ting
pattern
an
d t
he va
riou
s
waveform
s. Th
e mai
n
o
b
je
ctive of thi
s
p
r
oject i
s
to
cle
a
rly
study a
b
out
the starting of
dc motor u
s
i
ng bu
ck b
o
o
s
t converte
r an
d its impleme
n
tation.
In the exi
s
tin
g
sy
stem d
c
/
d
c
bu
ck conv
erter
[10-11] i
s
u
s
e
d
a
s
a
smooth
starte
r for a
d
c
perm
ane
nt magnet
mot
o
r [1]. Thi
s
is a
c
hieve
d
by cont
rollin
g the
step l
e
ss velo
city and
smooth
n
e
ss,
adju
s
tment
of the a
r
mat
u
re volta
ge
of the d
c
p
e
r
man
ent ma
g
net moto
r.Fo
rthe
angul
ar velo
city trajecto
ry trackin
g
taska hie
r
ar
chical
controll
er is de
sig
n
ed. Hierarchi
c
al
controlle
r co
nsi
s
ts of two
controllers.
One for
dc
motor a
nd a
nother fo
r a
dc/d
c bu
ck b
oost
conve
r
ter.
Th
e controller u
s
ed
for d
c
m
o
tor i
s
differe
ntial flatne
ss
control a
n
d
cascad
e
control
scheme i
s
used for bu
ck b
oost converte
r.
The
slidin
g m
ode
co
ntrol
(SMC) and
p
r
oportio
nal
-integral
(PI) con
t
rol a
r
e i
n
terconne
cted
to
form
a ca
scad
e cont
rol. The hierarchi
c
al co
nt
roll
er
is te
sted
u
s
in
g MATLAB
-Simulink a
nd th
e
DS110
4 bo
a
r
d fro
m
Dsp
a
ce. T
he o
b
t
ained results sho
w
that
the de
sire
d
angul
ar vel
o
city
trajecto
ry is
well tra
c
ked
unde
r abru
p
t variat
ion
s
in the syst
em paramet
ers
and that
th
e
controlle
r is
robu
st in
su
ch
ope
ration
co
ndi
tion
s,
confirming th
e validity of the p
r
op
osed
controlle
r. The Figure 1 sh
ows the bl
o
c
k diagra
m
of the existing sy
stem.
Figure 1. Block di
agram of
the existing system
The
existin
g
system ha
s more switchi
n
g
loss
. In the
existing
syste
m
the effectiv
ene
ss
o
f
the propo
sed
cont
rolle
rs
were ve
rified o
n
ly by num
e
r
i
c
al
simulatio
n
s. In the exi
s
ting sy
stem th
e
DC/
DC Bu
ck
Conve
r
ter i
s
use
d
whi
c
h p
r
ovide the
out
put less than
the input Signal [6]. Similarly
for PI Co
ntro
ller, PIC
Con
t
roller i
s
u
s
e
d
. PIC
co
ntroller
provid
es fast re
sp
on
se and
accu
ra
te
res
u
lts.
The
pro
p
o
s
e
d
meth
od i
s
use
d
to i
m
prove converte
r pe
rform
a
n
c
e
in te
rms of
e
fficiency,
size, co
ndu
ct
ed ele
c
troma
gnetic
emi
ssi
on an
d tra
n
si
ent re
sp
on
se
. To minimi
ze the am
ount
of
ripple
s
, a n
e
w
IBC ha
s
been
pro
p
o
s
ed in a
dditio
n
to whi
c
h it
has im
proved pe
rform
a
nce
cha
r
a
c
teri
stics of highe
r po
wer
cap
ability, reduc
ed dut
y ratio and improved
reliabi
lity, modularity.
Block
diag
ra
m of the prop
ose
d
syste
m
is sh
ow
n in F
i
gure
2. Ho
wever the bu
ck boost
conve
r
ter
improve
s
co
nverter perfo
rman
ce at
the
co
st
of
ad
ditional ind
u
ctors,
swit
chin
g devices
a
n
d
controlle
rs.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJEECS
ISSN:
2502-4
752
De
sing a
nd Im
plem
entation of a Micro
c
ontrolle
r Based Buck Boo
s
t Con
v
e
r
ter
as …
(S. Ra
vi
)
568
Figure 2. Block di
agram
of
the propo
se
d
system
2. Block Dia
g
ram Explan
ation
The regulato
r
input voltage
is obtain
ed f
r
om
the
DC
source a
nd th
e reg
u
lated
o
u
tput of
5v is given to the PIC m
i
cro
c
o
n
troll
e
r to
the DC
Source. The
DC
sup
p
ly is given to t
he
MOSFET. During
O
N
state the
switch is cl
osed
and
su
pplie
s cu
rrent to t
he in
du
ctor
and
cap
a
cito
r to l
oad. Durin
g
OFF
state the
swit
ch i
s
o
p
e
ned a
nd the i
ndu
ctor
su
ppl
ies the
cu
rren
t to
the load
via t
he dio
de. T
h
e
gate p
u
lse i
s
co
nne
ct
ed to
a gate
d
r
iver.
Base
d o
n
th
e duty cy
cle t
h
e
conve
r
ter a
c
t
s
as eith
er bu
ck o
r
boo
st converte
r.
Wh
en the duty ra
tio is less tha
n
50% than it act
as a bu
ck co
nverter a
nd a
bove 50% it act as a bo
ost
conve
r
ter.
The gate
d
r
i
v
er is a
po
we
r am
plifier th
a
t
ac
cept
s a
lo
w p
o
wer i
npu
t from a
controller I
C
and p
r
od
uce
s
a hig
h
current drive inp
u
t for the
gat
e of a high p
o
we
r tran
si
stor such a
s
p
o
we
r
MOSFET. Th
e re
sisto
r
s u
s
ed in gate d
r
iver circuit to
resi
st the flow of cu
rrent. The output of the
gate driver i
s
given to the PIC controller. An IR
LED
and a IR re
ce
iver are conn
ected a
c
ross
the
motor shaft. During motor rotation
the s
i
gnal path is c
u
t by the s
haft from whic
h the s
p
eed is
measured. Hence photo di
ode is u
s
e
d
to measure the spe
ed of the motor. The
pulse sig
nal from
the photo
di
ode i
s
given
to the PIC
controlle
r.
It is po
ssible
b
y
using PIC
controlle
r whi
c
h
achi
eves fav
o
rabl
e prope
rties like
a sm
ooth st
a
r
ting
DC p
e
rm
ane
nt magnet m
o
tor u
s
ing a
buck
boo
st conve
r
ter.
2.1. Buck
Bo
ost Conv
erter
A Buck-Boo
st converte
r is a
type of switch
ed mo
d
e
power
sup
p
ly that com
b
ine
s
the
prin
ciple
s
of the
Buck Co
nverter
a
nd the
Boos
t con
v
erter
in a si
ngle ci
rcuit.
Like othe
r SMPS
desi
g
n
s
, it provides a reg
u
lated DC ou
tput volt
age from eithe
r
an
AC or a DC
input. The Buck
conve
r
ter d
e
scrib
ed in
Po
wer Suppli
e
s M
odule
p
r
odu
ces a
DC o
u
tp
ut in a rang
e
from 0V to ju
st
less tha
n
the
input voltag
e. The
bo
ost
co
nverter will
produ
ce
an
out
put voltage
ra
nging
from
th
e
same voltag
e
as the input, to a level much hig
her tha
n
the input.
There are m
any appli
c
ati
ons h
o
wever,
such
a
s
bat
tery-po
w
e
r
ed
system
s, where th
e
input voltage
can vary wi
dely, starting
at fu
ll charg
e
and gra
d
u
a
lly decrea
s
i
ng as the ba
tter
y
cha
r
ge
is u
s
e
d
up. At full
charg
e
, where
the ba
tte
ry voltage m
a
y b
e
high
er than
actu
ally nee
ded
by the circuit
being p
o
were
d, a buck reg
u
lator
would
be ideal to
ke
ep the supply
voltage stea
dy.
Ho
wever a
s
t
he
cha
r
g
e
di
minish
es the
input volt
ag
e
falls b
e
lo
w th
e level
re
quired by
the
ci
rcuit,
and
either th
e batte
ry mu
st be
di
scard
ed o
r
re
-c
harged; at t
h
is p
o
int the
i
deal
alternative
would
be the bo
ost
regul
ator d
e
scrib
ed in
Po
wer Sup
p
lies
Module By combinin
g the
s
e two re
gul
ator
desi
g
n
s
it is possibl
e to
have a regul
ator ci
rcui
t that ca
n cop
e
with a
wid
e
ran
ge of i
nput
voltages both
high
er and
lo
wer than
that
need
ed
by th
e ci
rcuit. Fo
rtunately b
o
th
buck
and
bo
o
s
t
conve
r
ters u
s
e ve
ry simil
a
r
comp
one
n
t
s; they
just
need to
be
re-a
rra
nge
d,
depe
nding
o
n
the
level of the input voltage.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 25
02-4
752
IJEECS
Vol.
1, No. 3, March 20
16 : 566 – 574
569
2.2. PIC Con
t
roller
PIC Co
ntroll
er i
s
Pe
riph
e
r
al Inte
rface
Cont
roller. PIC
controllers
a
r
e mic
r
oc
on
tr
o
ller
s
they are u
s
e
d
in elect
r
oni
c ci
rcuits that
can
be
pro
g
r
amme
d to carry out a va
st ran
ge of task.
They progra
mmed to b
e
timers or to
control a
prod
uction li
ne a
n
d
much mo
re
. They are
rel
i
able
and m
a
lfun
ctioning
of PIC perce
ntage
is very l
e
ss
.
And pe
rform
ance of the
PIC is ve
ry fast
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
o
f
us
in
g R
I
SC a
r
c
h
itec
tu
r
e
. Po
w
e
r
c
o
nc
ep
tio
n
is
a
l
s
o
ve
r
y
les
s
wh
en
co
mp
ar
ed
to
other micro
controlle
rs. In t
he p
r
og
ram
m
e
r
point
of vi
e
w
inte
rfa
c
ing i
s
ve
ry ea
sy,
also
po
ssible
to
con
n
e
c
t
an
al
og
d
e
vice
s di
rectly witho
u
t any
extra
ci
rcuitry. Prog
ra
mming i
s
also
very e
a
sy
when
comp
ared to other mi
cro
c
o
n
trolle
rs.
The bu
ck b
o
o
st co
nverte
r produ
ce
s bo
th incr
e
a
sed
and de
crea
se
d form of output from
the given inp
u
t. PIC controllers are microcontrollers
they are u
s
ed
in electro
n
ic
circuits that
can
be p
r
o
g
ra
mm
ed to
carry o
u
t a va
st
ran
ge of
task. T
hey p
r
og
ram
m
ed to
be
ti
mers o
r
to
co
ntrol
a
prod
uctio
n
lin
e an
d m
u
ch
more.
They
a
r
e
relia
ble
an
d malfun
ction
i
ng of PI
C p
e
r
ce
ntage
is v
e
ry
less. And pe
rforma
nce of
the PIC is
very fast
be
cau
s
e
of usi
ng RISC
architecture. Po
wer
con
c
e
p
tion is also ve
ry le
ss
wh
en co
mpared to
ot
her mi
cro co
ntrolle
rs. Pro
g
rammi
ng i
s
also
very ea
sy when
com
pare
d
to oth
e
r mi
cro
c
o
n
trol
l
e
rs. The
circuit
diagram of t
he three
pha
se
interleave
d
b
oost converte
r is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3. Circuit diagra
m
for three p
h
a
s
e
interleaved b
oost converte
r
3. MATL
AB
Simulation and Hard
w
a
r
e
Implementa
tion
The p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
sy
stem
si
mulated
usi
n
g MA
TLAB/Simulink. The
buck boo
st converte
r
model havin
g
three MOSF
ETs as
swit
ches. Th
e Fi
g
u
re 4
sho
w
s
the simulatio
n
diagram of the
overall
syste
m
. It consi
s
ts of PIC co
n
t
roller, s
ubtra
ct, referen
c
e
voltage, ste
p
input, indu
ctor,
cap
a
cito
r, pu
lse
gen
erato
r
blo
c
ks an
d contro
ll
ed
voltage
so
urce. Initially the
step
bl
ock
gene
rate
s th
e step in
put, whi
c
h is give
n to the cont
rolled voltage
sou
r
ce blo
c
k. The co
ntroll
ed
voltage sou
r
ce
blo
c
k conv
erts
th
e simu
link
i
nput sig
nal
into an e
quivalent
volt
age so
urce. The
gene
rated vol
t
age is
driven
by the input
sign
al of
the
block. The
ga
te pulse ge
ne
rator
gen
erat
es
the pulse an
d given to the MOSFET. In this sy
stem
buck boo
st converte
r is u
s
ed a
s
a sm
ooth
starte
r for a
dc m
o
tor. T
h
e ab
ove dia
g
r
am i
s
th
e
si
mulation
ci
rcuit of this pro
j
ect. Here
various
blocks are u
s
ed. The step
block is u
s
ed
to obtai
n a dynamic respon
se and to ch
a
nge the value
s
durin
g
run
time. The
n
the
step
blo
c
k i
s
co
nne
cted
to
a g
a
in to
ch
ange
the val
u
es i
n
the
form of
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJEECS
ISSN:
2502-4
752
De
sing a
nd Im
plem
entation of a Micro
c
ontrolle
r Based Buck Boo
s
t Con
v
e
r
ter
as …
(S. Ra
vi
)
570
per unit
gain
value
1/20.
The
clo
c
k u
s
ed fo
r time
correctio
n
. Th
e fun
c
tion
bl
ock p
e
rfo
r
m
s
the
function
ba
se
d on th
e form
ula. Re
peatin
g se
que
nce
i
s
p
r
ovide
d
to
obtain th
e p
u
lse
sig
nal. T
he
rational o
perator com
p
a
r
e
s
the two fun
c
tion
s and
its output is con
necte
d to a scop
e
. The sig
nal
from the ratio
nal ope
rator i
s
given to the gate
of the MOSFET. The dc
sou
r
ce
is given to the
swit
ch. Wh
en
the switch i
s
close
d
the inducto
r is charged and the
cap
a
cito
r pro
v
ides su
pply to
the loa
d
.
Wh
en the
swit
ch
is op
en th
e
sup
p
ly is obt
ained
from
th
e ind
u
cto
r
. T
he
re
sisto
r
u
s
ed
here to di
sch
a
rge the 3
0
0
V
supply is g
i
ven to the field win
d
ing
s
and a loa
d
torque of 10
N.
m
applie
d at 1
se
con
d
is
ap
plied. A gain
is u
s
ed t
o
convert rad/se
c in te
rms of
rpm. Fin
a
lly the
requi
re
d spe
ed, arm
a
ture
cu
rre
nt an
d
electri
c
al
torq
ue is obtain
e
d
. The Fi
gure 5 a
nd Fig
u
r
e 6
sho
w
s
the
bu
ck, boo
st con
v
erter output for
the
propo
sed
sy
stem.
The Fi
gure 7
sho
w
s the
bu
ck-
boo
st conve
r
ter output for t
he pro
p
o
s
ed
system.
Figure 4. Simulation diag
ra
m of the overall system
Figure 5. Buck co
nverte
r o
u
t
put of the propo
se
d syst
em
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ISSN: 25
02-4
752
IJEECS
Vol.
1, No. 3, March 20
16 : 566 – 574
571
Figure 6. Boost conve
r
ter o
u
t
put of the propo
se
d syst
em
Figure 7. Buck Boost
conv
erter
o
u
tput o
f
the propo
se
d system
4. Results a
nd Discu
ssi
on
The Figu
re 8
sho
w
s the b
u
ck boo
st co
nverte
r o
u
tpu
t
voltage. The perfo
rman
ce of the
system i
s
m
easure
d
with
the time of 2 mi
nute
s
. The sim
u
lation
output between the volta
g
e
multiplier out
put voltage in volts and the time in
minutes. At the time of 0.2 seco
nds, the outp
u
t
voltage rea
c
hes 3
26V. At 0.46 se
con
d
s
the vo
ltage
s rea
c
h
e
s 3
5
0
V and attains the con
s
tant
value. The si
mulation outp
u
t of the three pha
se
interl
eaved bo
ost
conve
r
ter
with doubl
er ci
rcuit
output voltag
e is
sho
w
n
in
the Fi
gu
re
9
.
The
pe
rformance
of the
syste
m
i
s
m
easure
d
with
the
time of 5 minutes. The
si
mulation outp
u
t betwee
n
the three
pha
se inte
rleave
d
boo
st conv
erter
output voltag
e in volt
s a
n
d
the time
in
minutes.
At t
he time
of 0.
01
se
con
d
s, t
he o
u
tput volt
age
rea
c
he
s 80V
. And then falls into the
con
s
tant
value. The pe
rforman
c
e of
the system
is
measured
wi
th the time
of 2 min
u
tes. The
si
mul
a
tion outp
u
t b
e
twee
n the
voltage m
u
ltipl
i
er
output voltag
e in volts
and
the time in
m
i
nutes.
It re
aches
380V
co
n
s
tant at 0.4
2
S and thi
s
i
s
the
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJEECS
ISSN:
2502-4
752
De
sing a
nd Im
plem
entation of a Micro
c
ontrolle
r Based Buck Boo
s
t Con
v
e
r
ter
as …
(S. Ra
vi
)
572
desi
r
ed o
u
tp
ut voltage. The Figure 10
shows
the motor sp
eed
waveform. The Figure 11
and
Figure 12 sh
ows the arm
a
ture
current
and ele
c
tri
c
torqu
e
wavefo
rm. The Figu
re 13
sho
w
s the
prop
osed sy
stem hard
w
a
r
e
output.
Figure 8. Buck boo
st co
nverter in
put voltage
Figure 9. Buck boo
st co
nverter o
u
tput voltage
Time in
Sec
o
nds
Voltage in vol
t
s
Time in se
co
nds
Voltage in vol
t
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 25
02-4
752
IJEECS
Vol.
1, No. 3, March 20
16 : 566 – 574
573
Figure 10. Motor sp
eed
wave form
Figure 11. Armature
curre
n
t wave form
Figure 12. Electri
c
al torqu
e
wave form
Electrical torque(Nm
)
Time in Seco
nds
Armature current in Amps
Time in Seco
nds
Time in se
co
nds
Motor spee
d(rpm)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJEECS
ISSN:
2502-4
752
De
sing a
nd Im
plem
entation of a Micro
c
ontrolle
r Based Buck Boo
s
t Con
v
e
r
ter
as …
(S. Ra
vi
)
574
Figure 13. Final output vol
t
age wavefo
rm of the prop
ose
d
system
5. Conclusio
n
This
pap
er p
r
esents the o
peratio
n of
DC/D
C
Buc
k
Bo
o
s
t
C
o
n
v
er
te
r
ac
t as
a s
m
oo
th
starte
r for a
DC Moto
r u
s
i
ng a PIC Con
t
roller. PI
C Controlle
rs are
reliable a
nd
malfunctio
n
in
g of
PIC percenta
ge is very less. And
pe
rfo
r
man
c
e of the PIC is very fast becau
se of using RI
SC
architectu
re.
Powe
r con
c
e
p
tion is al
so
very less
whe
n
co
mpa
r
ed
to othe
r mi
cro
cont
rolle
rs.
T
h
e
buck boo
st converte
r
a
c
t as both bu
ck
and
bo
os
t
converte
r b
a
sed o
n
the
d
u
ty cycle.
Th
us
improvem
ent
s to the effici
ency of the p
r
opo
se
d
conv
erter
have a
c
hieved. The
simulation mo
del
c
i
rc
u
i
t ha
s b
e
e
n
de
ve
lo
pe
d; it p
r
o
v
es
that th
e
pr
op
ose
d
converte
r i
s
having
hig
h
e
r
effici
ency
a
n
d
redu
ce
d
rippl
e content. T
h
e p
r
opo
sal
in
cre
a
ses the
speed
ma
ke
s t
he
system
to
work in
both l
o
w
and hig
h
po
wer appli
c
atio
n
s
.
Referen
ces
[1]
Ahmad MA,
R
a
ja Isma
il
RM
T, Ramli MS.
Contro
l strateg
y
of buck
con
v
erter driv
en
DC motor:
a
compar
ative as
sessment.
Aus
t
ralia
n Journ
a
l
of Basic and A
ppli
ed Sci
enc
e
s
. 2010; 4(1
0
): 489
3–
490
3.
[2]
Dingz
he
n Li, Haizh
en Guo.
Contro
l Strateg
y
of
T
h
ree Phase PW
M b
y
T
h
ree Half Bridg
e
T
opolog
y
Bidirecti
o
n
a
l
DC/DC Co
nve
r
ter and R
e
s
ona
nt.
T
E
LKOMNIKA Indon
esia
n Jour
nal
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neer
in
g
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8): 611
1-61
18.
[3]
Lin
a
res F
l
ores
J, Barahon
a A
v
alos JL, Sira
Ra
mirez H, Co
ntreras-Ordaz
MA. Robust pa
ssivit
y
-
bas
ed
control
of a
Bu
ck Boost c
onv
erter/ DC-moto
r s
y
st
em: A
n
a
c
tive dist
urba
n
c
e rej
e
ctio
n a
p
p
roac
h.
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r
ansactio
n
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Ravi S, Ba
lakr
ishn
an PA. D
e
sign
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y
nthe
tic
Optimizin
g
Neur
o
F
u
zz
y T
e
mperature Contro
ller
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Dual Scr
e
w
Pr
ofile Pl
astic Extruder Usi
ng L
ab VIEW
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mput
er Scienc
e
. 20
11; 7(5): 671-
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[5]
Linares Flores
J, Sira Ramir
e
z H.
A
s
m
oot
h
starter
for a DC mac
h
in
e. A
flatness bas
ed
a
ppr
oac
h
.
Procee
din
g
s o
f
the 1
st
Inter
n
ation
a
l
Confer
ence
on E
l
ectri
c
al a
nd E
l
ectr
onics E
n
g
i
ne
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r
ing, Me
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94
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Ravi
S Balakrishnan PA.
M
o
dell
i
n
g
a
n
d
C
ontrol
of
an A
N
F
I
S T
e
mp
era
t
ure C
ontrol
l
er
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asti
c
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c
ess
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d
i
ngs of the
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010 IEEE Inte
rnati
ona
l Co
nferenc
e on
Commun
i
cati
o
n
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l and C
o
mputin
g T
e
chnolo
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[7]
Linares Flores
J, Sira Ramirez H.
Sliding
mo
de-d
e
lta
mod
u
l
a
tion GPI control of a DC motor throug
h
a
buck co
nverter
. Proceed
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gs
of the 2
nd
IF
AC S
y
m
posi
u
m o
n
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y
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d C
ont
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o
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a
res F
l
ores
J, Sira Ram
ı
r
e
z H.
DC mot
o
r velocity co
n
t
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o
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e
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.
Procee
din
g
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ont
rol, Atlantis,
the Baham
as. 200
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Raje
ndr
a R Aparn
a
thi, Ved
V
y
as D
w
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v
e
d
i. Desig
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on
Lo
w
Vo
ltage
Sing
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a
s
e
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r
ansformerles
s Photov
oltaic
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T
E
L
K
OMNIKA Ind
ones
ian
Jo
urn
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l
ectric
al
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i
ne
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g
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Ding
h
e
n
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a
izh
en Guo. Contro
l strateg
y
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h
ree ph
ase PW
M b
y
three hak
l bri
dge top
o
l
o
g
y
bidir
e
ctio
nal
DC/DC co
nve
r
ter and res
o
nant.
T
E
LKOMNIKA Indon
esia
n Jour
nal
of Electrica
l
Engi
neer
in
g an
d computer sci
ence
. 20
14; 1
2
(8):61
11-6
1
1
8
.
[11]
Cha
nda
ni S
h
a
rma, Anamik
a
Jain. Distri
but
ed MPP T
r
acking
of PV thro
ugh B
u
ck co
n
v
erter usi
ng
Fu
zzy
.
T
E
LKO
M
NIKA Indon
e
s
ian J
ourn
a
l
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f
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ical E
n
gin
eeri
ng
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i
ence
. 20
15
;
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0
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.