TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol.12, No.4, April 201
4, pp. 2474 ~ 2
4
7
9
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomni
ka.v12i4.4735
2474
Re
cei
v
ed Au
gust 19, 20
13
; Revi
sed O
c
t
ober 3
0
, 201
3; Acce
pted
No
vem
ber 1
3
,
2013
New Multi-function Composite Device Resear
ching in
Micro-grid
Li Shengqing*, Li Weizh
ou, Xu Wenx
iang, Zeng Huan
y
u
e
Hun
an Un
ivers
i
t
y
of T
e
chnolo
g
y
Z
h
uzh
ou, Hu
nan, Ch
in
a
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: lsq19
61@s
o
hu.com
A
b
st
r
a
ct
In the v
i
ew
of
econ
o
m
ic c
o
n
d
itio
ns to
i
m
pr
ove
th
e Micr
o-
grid
qu
ality,
pa
per
puts forw
a
r
d a
ne
w
type
mu
ltifunct
i
on
al c
o
mp
osit
e d
e
vice.
Co
mb
in
ation
th
e
cons
istent c
h
aracteristics
of
the
mai
n
cir
c
uit
structure fro
m
micr
o-gri
d
e
ner
gy st
ora
ge battery
an
d active pow
er
filt
er, c
o
mb
ini
n
g
the tw
o co
mp
on
ents
o
f
mu
ltifuncti
ona
l
compos
ite dev
i
c
e, w
i
th correspon
din
g
co
ntro
l to achi
eve
a variety of funct
i
ons. T
h
is p
a
p
e
r
ana
ly
z
e
s the w
o
rkin
g princ
i
p
l
e
of t
he ener
gy
storage
battery
and activ
e
po
w
e
r filter, w
i
th
the co
mp
arativ
e
ana
lysis of its
structural fea
t
ures, give
n t
he co
m
posit
e
princi
pl
e, deriv
ed t
he mathe
m
atic
al mode
l
of
compos
ite dev
i
c
e, by contai
ni
ng h
a
rmon
i
c suppr
essio
n
li
nk
pow
er deco
u
p
le
d contro
l method to
achi
e
v
e
e
ffe
cti
v
e
con
t
ro
l
.
Sim
u
l
a
tio
n
sh
o
w
s th
a
t
th
e com
p
o
s
i
t
e
devi
c
e
e
ffe
cti
v
e
l
y a
d
j
u
s
ti
ng
th
e
a
c
ti
ve
po
we
r and
reactive p
o
w
e
r and har
monic
suppr
essio
n
of
Micro-grid,
ver
i
fy the rationa
li
ty and vali
dity of the composi
t
e
devic
e.
Ke
y
w
ords
: mu
lti-functio
n
co
mposite d
e
vic
e
, mi
cr
o-gri
d
, ene
rgy storage b
a
t
t
ery, APF
Copy
right
©
2014 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
As a supple
m
ent of larg
e-scale p
o
wer g
r
id,
Micro
-
g
r
id
plays a m
o
re
and mo
re im
portant
role in
po
wer system. But
with num
ero
u
s of n
online
a
r po
we
r ele
c
troni
c m
e
mb
ers
co
ming i
n
to
the Micro-gri
d
, which will
inevitably bri
ng a lar
ge number of harmonics, the
power quality has
been
serio
u
sl
y polluted. A
c
tive po
we
r fi
lter (APF
) i
s
con
s
id
ere
d
to
be
one
of th
e mo
st effecti
v
e
device
s
fo
r
h
a
rmo
n
ic sup
p
re
ssi
on [1],
whi
c
h
ca
n
track
of ha
rmo
n
ic su
ppressi
on
a
nd rea
c
ti
ve
power compens
a
tion in real-time [2]. Ins
t
allation
of Energy sto
r
ag
e battery
can
make Mi
cr
o-
g
r
id
from rigi
d to flexible, but its fun
c
tion h
a
s
not b
een fu
lly utilized in t
he practi
cal a
pplication, ev
en
many times in the idle state. Therefo
r
e, APF
and
Energy sto
r
a
ge battery re
sea
r
ch ha
s very
pra
c
tical valu
e and si
gnificance.
The Referen
c
e [3] gives
a multifunctio
nal c
ontrol
st
rategy of bat
tery ene
rgy stora
g
e
system, n
o
t only ma
ke th
e device mai
n
taining
Micro-g
r
id p
o
wer
balan
ce, b
u
t also
co
ntrol t
h
e
harm
oni
c
current
and
ha
rmonic voltag
e. It equivale
nt to the
unif
i
ed p
o
wer qu
ality con
d
itio
ner
role, b
u
t the
implem
entat
ion of d
e
vice
is ve
ry
diffic
u
lt; The Referenc
e [4]
mak
e
s
the large
cap
a
city at p
o
we
r ge
ne
rat
o
r an
d the
e
nergy
st
orag
e device into
integratio
n,
usin
g the p
o
w
er
conve
r
ter top
o
logy and switchi
ng strategy cont
rol, to incre
a
se and enh
an
ce
the static var
gene
rato
r pe
rforma
nce, the devi
c
e is mainly
used
for Hig
h
Vo
ltage System
. Refere
nce
[5]
studie
s
on
su
percon
d
u
c
tin
g
coil an
d a
l
i
thium batte
ry ca
pa
citan
c
e
combi
ned
SVG-APF, which
can
prevent
voltage
coll
apse ind
u
ce
d by Cho
k
e
Domi
no Effect; it ca
n a
l
so
be h
a
rm
onic
elimination. B
u
t the device
of DC si
de to the inst
allat
i
on of the su
percon
d
u
c
tin
g
coil o
r
lithium
battery, whi
c
h co
sts too
much. Ba
se
d
on the
re
se
arch a
bove, the en
ergy st
orag
e b
a
ttery and
active power
filter combin
a
t
ion con
s
ide
r
in a grid environment, so i
m
pleme
n
tatio
n
"one machi
n
e
can b
e
more function", the
device can b
a
lan
c
e the a
c
tive power a
n
d
rea
c
tive po
wer, ha
rmo
n
i
c
sup
p
re
ssion
purp
o
ses of
Micro-g
r
id. In
additi
o
n
, co
mposite
devi
c
e
ca
n im
prove the
ene
rgy
stora
ge batte
ry utilization rate, and achi
eve
together
more e
a
sily, also, lo
w co
st
s.
2. Energ
y
Storage
Batter
y
and APF
2.1.
Energy
Storag
e
Ba
tter
y
Figure 1 is
a comm
on structu
r
e of micro-
g
r
id, which mai
n
ly comp
osed of
a main
gene
rato
r, di
stributed
po
we
r, en
ergy
sto
r
age
batte
ry a
nd
lo
ad
s.
En
ergy storage
battery
in
clu
d
e
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Ne
w Multi-fun
c
tion Com
posite Devi
ce
Re
sea
r
ching in
Micro-g
r
id (Li Shengqi
ng)
2475
an e
nergy st
orag
e d
e
vice
and
an i
n
ve
rter
brid
ge.
Whe
n
the
mi
cro
-
g
r
id
wo
rking
con
nect
e
d in
power
network, it can
ab
so
rb ex
ce
ss en
ergy;
When
islandin
g
op
era
t
ion, it ca
n rai
s
e th
e dyn
a
m
i
c
respon
se
spe
ed of mi
cro-g
r
id throug
h th
e ene
rgy o
u
tput, also
kee
p
s the
bal
an
ce of th
e a
c
tive
power a
nd re
active po
we
r
regul
ation of
micro-g
r
id, e
n
su
re a
stabl
e ope
ration
o
f
powe
r
net
work
[6].
Figure 1. Structure of Typi
cal Micro-g
r
id
Do
as an i
n
terface
circuit
whi
c
h
conn
ects
the
ene
rgy sto
r
a
ge
device
to mi
cro
-
g
r
id,
inverter
bri
d
g
e
ca
n reali
z
e the e
nergy stor
age
dev
ice
DC en
ergy and
ele
c
tric
ene
rgy fl
ow
betwe
en
ea
ch othe
r. Pro
per adju
s
tme
n
t of
conv
e
r
ter to
control
the
ene
rgy
stora
g
e
batte
ry
voltage ampli
t
ude an
d ph
ase
angle, th
en can real
i
z
e the exchan
ge of the a
c
t
i
ve power a
n
d
rea
c
tive power between e
nergy sto
r
a
g
e
battery and
micro-g
r
id
system
[7].
2.2.
Activ
e
P
o
w
e
r Filter
The workin
g prin
ciple
of Active po
wer fi
lter ca
n be
seen in the lit
eratu
r
e [8]. T
he APF
stru
cture of the main
circuit is
simila
r to the ene
rgy
stora
ge b
a
ttery, the only difference is t
hat
the DC
side
of APF is ca
pacito
r
, but the ene
rgy st
orag
e battery
is DC p
o
wer. Compa
r
ed
with
energy
stora
g
e
batte
ry, APF control
i
s
m
o
re
comple
x,
also
its high
e
r
real
-time
re
quire
ment. Fi
rst
detectin
g
sig
nal of cu
rre
nt and voltage,
then a se
rie
s
of com
p
lica
t
ed ope
ration
, finally obtains
the instructio
n sign
al, sele
cting a suitab
le modul
atio
n
to drive inverter outp
u
t a set of harmo
nic
curre
n
t, whi
c
h is th
e
sam
e
amplitu
de,
contrary p
h
a
s
e to th
e di
rection
of the
cu
rre
nt si
gn
al to
eliminate the
harm
oni
c.
3. Principle
and Mathem
atical Model
of Compo
s
ite Dev
i
ce
3.1. Compos
ite Dev
i
ce Pr
inciple
The mai
n
fun
c
tion of APF
is restrainin
g
harm
oni
cs
a
nd compe
n
sa
ting rea
c
tive
power.
Most
ca
se
s,
A
P
F
wo
rk
s in
t
he
cha
r
a
c
t
e
rist
ic
s
of
ha
r
m
onic
s
upp
re
ssi
on,
if
com
pen
sat
i
ng
re
a
c
t
i
v
e
power at the same time
will cost mo
re. From t
he an
alysis b
e
fore, th
e output from
energy sto
r
a
g
e
battery is DC, it need a large capa
city inverter
to transfo
rm i
t
into three-p
hase altern
ating
curre
n
t. Cont
rastin
g the t
w
o st
ru
cture
s
, the main
circuit st
ru
ctu
r
e are simil
a
r, both in
clu
d
ing
voltage invert
er, DC
side v
o
ltage an
d so
on.
Figure 2. Fra
m
e Diag
ram
of Compo
s
ite
Device
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02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 4, April 2014: 2474 – 2
479
2476
Figure 2 i
s
a
block
diag
ra
m of the
co
m
b
i
ned
device. The
ene
rgy
storage
batte
ry and
DC
side
cap
a
cito
r are i
n
stalle
d in parallel, then output
b
y
the inverter. Detection
of the micro-g
r
i
d
voltage and
curre
n
t inp
u
t to the Powe
r an
d Harmo
n
ic
Cal
c
ulatio
n Unit
, calculate the
corre
s
p
ondin
g
si
gnal, th
en
the
sign
al i
s
comp
ared
wit
h
a
given val
ue, finally
co
mpare the
ou
tput
of the
comm
and
sig
nal th
at three
-
p
h
a
s
e voltage
ref
e
ren
c
e
si
gnal
, usin
g volta
ge
spa
c
e
vector
control metho
d
control the inverters.
3.2. Compos
ite Dev
i
ce Model
Figure 3 is a
topology of the
device, the stru
ctu
r
e can be b
u
ilt accordi
ng to its mod
e
l
[11-12].
Figure 3. Structure of
Com
posite
Device
Topology
Whe
r
e, E is
the battery voltage, Supp
ose
R
r
, I
r
are
the comp
osi
t
e device e
q
u
ivalent
resi
stan
ce
of internal
and t
he outp
u
t cu
rrent, U
dc
is vo
ltage of sm
oo
thing capa
cit
o
r C, L i
s
o
u
tput
indu
ctor.
More ove
r
, three ph
ase bri
dge und
er th
e stru
cture of two-level, hypothe
sis AC
voltage
and current resp
ectively are U
1a
, U
1b
, U
1c
, I
A
, I
B
, I
C
, an
d modulatio
n ratio m=u
1
/u
dc
.
From Kirchh
o
ff's voltage la
w, there i
s
:
dc
r
r
UE
R
i
(1)
Assu
me the initial phase o
f
U
s
is 0, phase differe
nce betwe
en U
1
a
nd U
s
is
δ
. By voltage
law at AC sid
e
, there is:
1
s
di
L
uu
R
i
dt
(2)
By energy co
nse
r
vation, there is:
22
11
1
1
()
2
r
r
r
d
c
a
ab
bc
c
d
E
iR
i
C
U
u
iu
i
u
i
dt
(3)
From the a
b
o
v
e, we can o
b
tain the actu
al DC
side vo
ltage equ
atio
n.
22
si
n
(
)
s
i
n
(
)
si
n
(
)
33
dc
dc
ab
c
rr
dU
U
mm
m
E
it
i
t
i
t
dt
C
C
C
C
R
C
R
(4)
Whe
r
e,
ω
is
the an
gula
r
f
r
equ
en
cy of
d-q
rotatin
g
f
r
ame,
whi
c
h
is the
same
with the
three
-
ph
ase voltage.
The mathem
atical mod
e
l for device is:
1
1
2
2
3
3
3
12
2
2
00
2
2
00
2
2
00
1
1
s
s
a
a
b
b
s
c
c
dc
dc
r
r
u
Rm
s
L
LL
u
ii
Rm
s
L
ii
d
LL
u
ii
dt
Rm
s
L
UU
LL
ms
ms
ms
E
CC
C
C
R
CR
(5)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Ne
w Multi-fun
c
tion Com
posite Devi
ce
Re
sea
r
ching in
Micro-g
r
id (Li Shengqi
ng)
2477
Whe
r
e,
1
sin
(
)
st
,
2
2
sin(
)
3
st
,
3
2
si
n(
)
3
st
,
(1
,
2
,
3
)
k
k
l
=
is
laggin
g
δ
ang
le than the co
rre
sp
ondi
ng
S
k
.
On the type
of Park tra
n
sformation
and fu
rth
e
r
cal
c
ulatio
n, can re
alize a
c
tive and
rea
c
tive expression
[13].
2
32
2
3
si
n
2
2
s
q
s
PU
i
U
Q
R
(6)
4. Composite Dev
i
ce Control Stra
teg
y
Combi
ned
wi
th the chara
c
teri
stics of t
he
whole
de
vice, not o
n
l
y
get the fu
nction
of
energy sto
r
a
ge b
a
ttery to control
a
c
tive and
rea
c
tive po
we
r, but reali
z
e
the h
a
rm
o
n
ic
sup
p
re
ssion f
unctio
n
of APF.
There a
r
e
two op
eration
mode
s fo
r mi
cro
-
g
r
id
:
para
llel op
eratin
g
and
i
s
land
o
peratin
g.
So, cont
rol
method
s d
e
vice
also
divi
de two ki
nd
s. Figu
re
4 i
s
the
blo
c
k
diagram of
P-Q
decompo
sitio
n
co
ntrol,
whi
c
h
contai
ning
harm
oni
c su
ppre
s
sion li
n
ks i
n
mi
cro
-
g
r
id wh
en
worki
n
g
in parallel op
eration. P, Q
in the diag
ra
m were a
c
tive power a
nd
rea
c
tive po
wer value afte
r th
e
cal
c
ulatio
n of the tested, i
*
abc
is the signal of harmo
nic in
stru
ctio
n curre
n
t. Modulatio
n mo
de
s
e
lec
t
the Space Vec
t
or Puls
e Width Modu
lation (SVPWM),
the mo
dulation c
a
n
reduc
e
swit
chin
g loss and imp
r
ov
e the utilizatio
n ratio of DC
voltage [14].
Figure 4. Block
Diag
ram o
f
P-Q Decoup
ling
Co
ntrol with Harm
oni
c Suppressio
n
Links
5. Simulation Anal
y
s
is
Simulation
of the d
e
vice
is b
a
sed
on t
he MA
TLAB 7.1,
The mai
n
ci
rcuit
of si
mulation
system i
s
sh
own i
n
Fig
u
re 2. Fo
r
conv
enien
ce,
the
energy sto
r
a
ge batte
ry is
equivalent to
the
DC
sou
r
ce whe
n
establi
s
h the sim
u
l
a
tion syst
em,
the system impeda
nce is negligible. T
he
simulatio
n
pa
ramete
rs a
r
e
set as
sho
w
n
in Table 1.
Table 1. Simulation Syste
m
Paramete
r
Parameter
value
Line voltage of th
e s
y
stem u/V
Grid fr
equenc
y
f/
Hz
Inductance L/mH
DC side capacitor C/uF
Batter
y
output vo
ltage u/V
Resistance R/
Ω
380
50
0.5
6800
750
0.2
In the process of simulatio
n
, the control
system ba
sed on the in
stantan
eou
s rea
c
tive
power meth
o
d
of i
p
-i
q
to detect the h
a
rmo
n
ic
cu
rrent, and ge
n
e
rate a
com
pen
sation
cu
rre
nt
instruction, DC side voltage will not be
controlled in the process of
simulation.
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ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 4, April 2014: 2474 – 2
479
2478
The sim
u
latio
n
result of harmoni
c supp
ressi
on i
s
sho
w
n in Figu
re
5. From the d
i
agra
m
,
the cu
rrent of
system i
s
se
ri
ou
s di
stortio
n
before the
0.03s,
curre
n
t
and voltage
also
doe
s n
o
t
have the
sam
e
ph
ase. Inpu
t device
in th
e 0.03
s, it
ca
n qui
ckly tra
c
k the
current
cha
nge
s, real
ize
harm
oni
c co
mpen
sation e
ffectively. Current in 0.
05
s has e
s
sentiall
y become a
sine wave, an
d in
the same p
h
a
s
e with the vo
ltage pha
se, the effect is o
b
vious.
(a) b
e
fore
co
mpen
sation
(b) afte
r com
pen
sation
Figure 5. Voltage an
d Cu
rrent Wave Co
mpen
sation a
nd Simulation
Images fro
m
Phase A
Figure 6 i
s
th
e harmoni
c
current compe
n
satio
n
an
d spectrum a
nal
ysis of p
h
a
s
e
A. From
the g
r
ap
h
we
ca
n
se
e, the
cu
rrent
disto
r
tion
ra
te
wa
s 2
4
.72%
bef
ore
the
co
mp
ensation,
whi
l
e
the comp
en
sation ca
n red
u
ce to 2.71%
after the com
pen
sation.
(a) b
e
fore
co
mpen
sation
(b) afte
r com
pen
sation
Figure 6. Harmonic
Cu
rre
n
t
Spectrum A
nalysi
s
before and after Compen
satio
n
in Phase A
Figure 7 i
s
th
e chart
of adj
usting
micro
-
grid
flu
c
tuatio
n effect by th
e compo
s
ite
device.
Micro-g
r
id occurs active p
o
we
r
va
can
cy
before
the
10
s, re
activ
e
po
we
r al
so fluctu
ate.
The
comp
osite
d
e
vice i
nput
s
in the
10
s, it ca
n b
e
see
n
that the
a
c
tive power fl
uctuate
re
du
ced
signifi
cantly, basi
c
ally sta
b
l
e at 20kW,
reactive po
we
r reg
u
lation te
nds to 0.
(a) a
c
tiv
e
po
wer
(b) rea
c
tiv
e
powe
r
Figure 7. The
Regul
ation o
f
Active Power and Rea
c
tive Powe
r Simulation Effect Diag
ram
6. Conclusio
n
A new multi-f
unctio
n
comp
osite
device
i
s
re
sea
r
ched
und
er th
e
co
ndition of
Micro-grid
in this p
ape
r, whi
c
h reali
z
e
the ene
rgy st
orag
e batte
ry con
n
e
c
t to the DC si
de
with active p
o
we
r
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TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Ne
w Multi-fun
c
tion Com
posite Devi
ce
Re
sea
r
ching in
Micro-g
r
id (Li Shengqi
ng)
2479
filter, to achie
v
e a variety o
f
function
s. T
he
devi
c
e
ca
n not only
co
ntrol
the mi
cro harmoni
cs, but
balan
ce th
e a
c
tive po
wer a
nd re
active p
o
we
r of
mi
cro
-
gri
d
. Thi
s
pa
per from the
energy sto
r
a
ge
battery an
d
active p
o
wer filter st
ru
ctu
r
e a
nd
th
e
compo
s
ite p
r
i
n
cipl
e, de
rived the
dyna
mic
mathemati
c
al
mod
e
l of
co
mposite
syst
em, ap
p
licati
on of SVP
WM control
me
thod, imp
r
ov
e the
pre
c
isi
o
n
an
d
spee
d of control, simu
lation
ve
rify the comp
osit
e devi
c
e
is
rea
s
on
able
a
nd
effec
t
ive.
Ackn
o
w
l
e
dg
ments
This wo
rk wa
s
supp
orted by
the
Nation
al
Natu
ral Science Fou
n
d
a
tion (NO.51
0770
46
)
and the con
s
truct p
r
og
ram
of the key disciplin
e in Hun
an provin
ce
(NO.20
117
6)
of China.
Referen
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U
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W
U
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e
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r LCL
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er filter
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a
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