TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol. 13, No. 1, Janua
ry 201
5, pp. 26 ~ 3
2
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
13i1.682
6
26
Re
cei
v
ed O
c
t
ober 1
1
, 201
4; Revi
se
d Novem
b
e
r
22, 2014; Accept
ed De
cem
b
e
r
13, 2014
Voltage Flicker Real-time Detection Based on Recursive
Degree Method
Tiejun Cao
Schoo
l of Information Sci
enc
e and En
gi
neer
ing, Hu
na
n Internatio
nal Ec
on
omics Univ
ersit
y
,
Cha
ngsh
a
, Chi
na, postco
de: 410
20
5
email: matl
ab_
b
y
s
j
@1
26.com
A
b
st
r
a
ct
T
r
aditio
nal flick
e
r detectio
n
methods acc
u
rat
e
ly
extract the
amp
litu
de e
n
v
e
lo
pe as the p
r
emise
,
the co
mp
lexity
of larg
e a
m
ou
nt of
co
mput
ati
on. T
h
is p
a
p
e
r
prese
n
ts a
n
e
w
real-time d
e
tection
of volta
g
e
flicker metho
d
, analysis
met
h
od w
i
th recursive frequ
en
cy
carrier sig
nal f
r
equ
ency; use
of the adjace
n
t
three-p
o
int s
a
mp
lin
g
data, t
he fre
q
u
ency
carrier s
i
g
nal
freque
ncy, sa
mp
lin
g fre
q
u
e
n
cy vo
ltage
fli
cker
w
a
veform o
b
ta
ine
d
by the c
u
rrent env
elo
p
e
si
z
e
. Of har
monic
pol
lutio
n
by no
ise or fli
cker betw
een t
h
e
signals, the low-pass filtering results
are
not
affected. Si
mu
latio
n
res
u
lts s
how
that: T
he
meth
od
to d
i
re
ctly
detect flicker s
i
gna
l, the proc
e
ss is simpl
e
, computat
i
o
n
a
l l
oad
and r
e
a
l
time, tracki
ng
p
e
rformanc
e, w
i
th a
certain a
n
ti-no
i
se and int
e
r-ha
r
mo
nic interfer
ence su
ppres
s
i
on cap
abi
lity, suitab
le for real-
t
ime d
e
tectio
n of
voltage flicker.
Keyw
ords: voltage flick
e
r, recursive a
nalys
is
, real
-time dete
c
tion, enve
l
o
p
e
det
ection, l
o
w
-
pass filter
Copy
right
©
2015 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
With the dev
elopme
n
t of indu
strial te
ch
nology, a large num
ber
o
f
non-lin
ear i
m
pulse
load into
the
po
wer gri
d
, ca
usin
g
rap
i
d chang
es i
n
po
we
r d
e
m
and. T
he
resultin
g volta
g
e
fluctuations
will not only i
n
terfere
with
the public
power grid, but
will
seri
ously
affect the power
netwo
rk op
eration of vari
o
u
s el
ect
r
ical
equipm
ent, such
as flashi
ng light
s, co
ntrol e
quipm
ent
malfunctio
n
, the moto
r
spe
ed flu
c
tuation
[1-3]. Fo
r e
n
terp
rises,
equi
pment level,
a large
numb
e
r
of
co
mpute
r
system
s ba
sed
o
n
hi
gh
degree
of a
u
t
omation
con
t
rol e
quipm
e
n
t and
ele
c
trical
equipm
ent h
a
ve be
en
put
into u
s
e,
the
incre
a
sin
g
ly
high
dema
n
d
for
po
wer q
uality, or
eve
n
a
fraction of
a se
con
d
abn
o
r
mal can re
sult
in
huge
l
o
sses.
Compl
e
x stru
cture
of the grid, l
oad
diverse nature, in particul
a
r, is locate
d in
the mountain
s
man
y
storm, wh
en po
wer lo
ss of
pre
s
sure, g
r
o
undin
g
, short
ci
rcuit a
cci
d
ent, large
m
o
tor
startin
g
and th
e el
ect
r
ic sho
c
ks
a
n
d
other facto
r
s,
ca
used volta
ge flu
c
tuation
s
o
r
fli
c
ker,
rangin
g
fro
m
affect the
no
rmal p
r
od
uctio
n
;
while i
n
pro
ductio
n
di
sru
p
tions,
resulting in
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic lo
sses
can not b
e
ig
nore
d
[3]. It is
necessa
ry for voltage fluctuati
on and f
licker mo
nito
ring a
nd sup
p
re
ssi
on, an
d get accu
ra
te,
detailed
para
m
eters of vo
ltage fluctu
ation an
d f
licke
r are its
mo
st impor
tant p
r
erequi
site
fo
r
prop
er tre
a
tm
ent.
Voltage fluct
uation an
d flicker fro
m
t
he
nation
a
l stand
ard GB1232
6-2
000,
voltage
fluctuation
is
the voltage
o
f
each h
a
lf cy
cle
rm
s valu
e
of fund
amen
tal ch
ang
es o
r
a
co
ntinuo
u
s
seri
es of cha
nge
s. Whe
n
the voltage fluctuation
s
in the frequ
en
cy of 0.5
~ 35Hz, the volatility is
the person
most aware
of inca
ndescent illuminati
on fr
equency
, the "flicke
r." Because
m
o
st
electri
c
al
eq
ui
pment
sen
s
iti
v
ity to voltage fluctuat
io
ns i
s
far le
ss tha
n
the in
ca
nde
scent lam
p
, the
flash b
e
com
e
s h
a
rmful l
e
vels of volt
age flu
c
tuati
ons
mea
s
u
r
e
d
by the ev
aluation i
nde
x [1].
Flicker of lig
ht intensity fluctuatio
ns a
r
e hum
an su
bjective se
nsation, that perceived by the
human
visu
a
l
voltage flu
c
tuation
s
ca
use
d
by
ch
ange
s in
lig
ht [4], flicke
r value
may
be
unde
rsto
od a
s
a ce
rtain freque
ncy, wa
veform and
i
n
tensity of these three ele
m
ents do
min
a
ted
comp
re
hen
si
ve asse
ssm
e
n
t of the level
of voltage
flu
c
tuation
s
a
n
d
use
co
ntinue
for so
me time
that the statistical re
sults.
The m
o
st
co
mmonly u
s
e
d
at ho
me a
nd ab
ro
ad fli
c
ker
dete
c
tio
n
metho
d
s:
squ
a
re
d
detectio
n
, RMS rectified
detectio
n
m
e
thod a
nd
d
e
tection m
e
thod, the
s
e t
h
ree
metho
d
s
of
measuri
ng d
e
vice
s in the simulation e
a
sie
r
to
implement and d
oes not ap
pl
y to time-varying
freque
ncy
of voltage flu
c
tuations and
multi-si
gnal
dete
c
tion [5
]. Dire
ct ap
p
lication
of F
FT
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Voltage Flicker Re
al-tim
e Dete
ction Ba
sed o
n
Re
cu
rsive De
gre
e
Method (Tieju
n Cao
)
27
requi
re
s a lot of flicker det
ection sampli
ng data,
larg
e amount of comp
utation.
To redu
ce the
comp
uting time, the first extraction o
f
the signal amplitude e
n
v
elope, and
then use FF
T
amplitude mo
dulation an
d freque
ncy of testing, but
the inhe
rent F
FT spe
c
tral l
eakage
can
not
be avoid
ed,
the sa
mplin
g
pro
c
e
s
s in t
he FFT
[6] put forward
by leap
s a
n
d bou
nd
s in
the
sampli
ng met
hod to redu
ce errors
cau
s
ed by spe
c
tra
l
leakage, but
the envelop
e
extraction ti
me
longe
r. Will
a
pply to time
-varying
sig
nal
detectio
n
i
s
n
o
t se
nsitive to
noi
se
and
wavelet tran
sfo
r
m
[7-9] for flicker dete
c
tion,
the choi
ce
of wavele
t fu
nction te
st result
s. Appli
c
ation of
Hil
bert
method [10-12] fast flicker e
n
velop
e
extr
action,
the use o
f
wavelet denoi
sing o
r
the
mathemati
c
al
morph
o
logi
cal filter to re
move noi
se a
nd high h
a
rm
onics, practi
ce the com
p
le
xity
o
f
c
o
mp
u
t
in
g fo
r
a lo
ng
time
. T
h
e us
e o
f
b
lin
d s
i
gn
al sepa
ration
[13] extra
c
t
the envelo
pe,
to
solve
the ove
r
dete
r
mine
d equatio
ns
est
i
mated flicke
r amplitude,
redu
ction of n
o
ise. It wa
s
a
l
so
sug
g
e
s
ted to detect by predi
cting voltage flicke
r, su
ch as
rota
tional invaria
n
ce te
chniq
u
e
s
(ESPRIT) [14], Kalman filter [15], adaptive neural net
work [16] and
other meth
ods. Similarly, the
forecast
s whi
c
h ne
ed a lot of calculatio
ns, thes
e me
thods a
r
e hin
dere
d
real
-ti
m
e detectio
n
of
voltage flicker in the directi
on of develop
ment.
Voltage flicker amplitu
d
e
contain
s
t
he
flicker freque
ncy, a
m
plitude a
n
d
pha
se
informatio
n, so the tradition
al voltage flicker
si
g
nal det
ection m
u
st first extra
c
t the
envelope, an
d
throug
h the
FFT, Pisa
re
n
k
o
harmoni
c
decompo
sitio
n
metho
d
s such
a
s
e
s
tim
a
tion, calcula
t
ion
compl
e
xity,
and
e
n
velop
e
extraction
sp
eed and
a
c
cura
cy of te
st
re
sult
s of fli
c
ker. T
h
is pa
per
pre
s
ent
s a
n
e
w
real
-time
detectio
n
of
voltage flicke
r metho
d
, u
s
i
ng a
re
cursiv
e metho
d
to find
freque
ncy
ca
rrie
r
sign
al freque
ncy
(ie f
undam
ental f
r
equ
en
cy); u
s
e of th
e adj
ace
n
t thre
e-p
o
int
sampli
ng dat
a,
the
fre
que
ncy carrie
r signal
fr
equ
en
cy, sam
p
ling
frequ
en
cy o
b
tained
by the
curre
n
t-voltag
e flash vari
a
b
le
size.
Thi
s
method
do
e
s
n
o
t re
quire
a la
rge
num
ber
of sampli
ng
data, comp
utational load, fast, straig
htforwa
r
d
impl
em
entation process,
and there is rob
u
st a
n
d
is e
s
timate
d t
o
hig
h
a
c
cu
racy. Fo
r
harmonic poll
u
tion
with flicke
r b
e
twe
en th
e si
gnal
s, the
test
results a
r
e n
o
t affected. The method i
s
to avoi
d the
Fouri
e
r (F
FT) domain spe
c
tral leakage, the
entire
su
b-ba
rrie
r
effect a
n
d
no
n-wave
p
henom
eno
n.
Simulation
re
sults sho
w
th
at: The
meth
od
desi
gne
d for flexible, easy to use, can be
engine
ere
d
to detect flicke
r in real time.
2. F Voltage Flicker Mode
l and Real-time Detectio
n Algorithm
2.1. Dete
ctio
n Algorithm
Voltage flicke
r is the ampli
t
ude of grid v
o
lt
age fluctu
a
t
ions cau
s
ed
by chan
ge
s, voltage
fluctuation
s
o
ften seen a
s
the voltage of the ca
rri
e
r
fre
quen
cy (50
H
z or 6
0
Hz), th
e RMS voltag
e
by the volta
g
e
fluctu
ation
amplitude
mo
dulation
co
m
pone
nts
as [1
7]. The
r
efore, interpretatio
n
of
the instanta
n
eou
s value of
the voltage-type is write
d
as:
)
2
cos(
)
(
)
2
cos(
))
2
cos(
1
(
)
(
0
0
0
0
t
f
t
a
t
f
ft
m
A
t
u
(
1
)
Whe
r
e
：
A is
the amplitud
e of the voltage-f
r
eq
uen
cy carri
er;
0
f
is voltage freq
uen
cy for the
carrie
r frequ
e
n
cy; m i
s
the
amplitud
e of
the voltag
e
amplitude
co
efficient;
f
is
th
e amplitu
de
voltage fre
q
u
ency,
0
voltag
e for th
e initi
a
l ph
ase of t
he
carrie
r fre
quen
cy,
wav
e
voltage
fo
r
the ea
rly AM
Beginni
ng p
hase. Flicke
r mea
s
urem
e
n
t is the
det
ection
of type (1
) the
carrier
freque
ncy in
the time-varying amplitu
de envel
ope
a (t). Ge
ne
ral voltage fl
uctuatio
ns i
n
the
freque
ncy
f
range 0.05 ~
35Hz, amplit
ude of the ca
rri
er freq
ue
ncy m the ra
nge of voltage
amplitude A, 0 ~ 10% [18]. Carrier frequ
ency is fun
d
a
m
ental he
re.
2.2. The Real
-time De
te
cti
on Algorith
m
for Voltag
e Flicker
Freq
uen
cy ca
rrie
r
frequ
en
cy
0
f
is dete
c
ted
,
by the
(1
) th
e samplin
g freque
ncy i
s
s
f
,
Th
e
sampli
ng pe
ri
od
s
s
f
T
1
；
s
T
f
0
2
,
0
0
0
2
n
nT
f
s
n
；
Samp
led sig
nal
s:
)
cos(
)
(
)
(
0
n
n
a
n
u
(
2)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 13, No. 1, Janua
ry 2015 : 26 – 3
2
28
Adjace
nt thre
e operation
s
:
)
(
sin
)
1
(
)
1
(
)
(
cos
)]
1
(
)
1
(
)
(
[
)
1
(
)
1
(
)
(
2
0
2
2
2
n
a
n
a
n
n
a
n
a
n
a
n
u
n
u
n
u
(
3)
In (9) a
s
s
u
me
d
)
1
(
)
1
(
)
(
2
n
a
n
a
n
a
,
then
：
|
)
sin(
|
)
1
(
)
1
(
)
(
)
(
2
n
u
n
u
n
u
n
a
(
4)
By the formul
a: 1) robu
stn
e
ss, the calculat
ion d
oes
not divide, ev
en if the si
gn
al doe
s
not affect the
zero-crossin
g ope
rator
re
sults. 2
)
ra
pi
d re
spo
n
se capability, the algorithm
al
so
use
s
only three sam
p
le
s a
d
jacent to the signal
, you can qui
ckly tra
ck
cha
nge
s in
the envelope
.
3. Recur
s
iv
e
Analy
s
is of
Voltage and
Freque
nc
y
Detec
t
ion of
the Carrie
r
Fr
equen
c
y
3.1. Recur
s
iv
e
Analy
s
is
Recursive a
nalysi
s
is a n
online
a
r dyna
mi
c an
alysi
s
method; it is
based ph
ase
spa
c
e
recons
truc
tion, reflec
ting t
he recovery
after the
cha
o
tic attra
c
tor
has
a la
w. Di
fferent natu
r
e
of
the state of the sig
nal cha
r
acte
ri
stics of the track not
the same
a
s
, and in the recu
rren
ce pl
o
t
(Re
c
u
r
ren
c
e
Plot RP) of the stru
ctu
r
e
is diffe
rent
[19-21]. Th
o
ught algo
rith
m descri
bed
as
follows
:
1) Sele
ct the app
rop
r
iat
e
time dela
y
and emb
eddin
g
dime
nsio
n
m
, the o
ne-
dimen
s
ion
a
l reco
nstructio
n
of nonlinea
r time se
rie
s
, the resulting dy
namic
system
is as follo
ws:
(
(
)
,
(
)
,
...,
(
(
1
)
))
i
Xx
i
x
i
x
i
m
(5)
More tha
n
one-di
men
s
ion
a
l time seri
es that is re-po
s
e
-
dim
e
n
s
ion
a
l pha
se
spa
c
e
trajecto
ry, from the perspective of d
y
namical
systems to achi
eve a re
cov
e
ry in the h
i
gh
dimen
s
ion
a
l space attracto
r.
2) Cal
c
ul
ate the pha
se
spa
c
e ro
ws
i
X
, c
o
lumns
j
X
, and the distan
ce b
e
tween vecto
r
s:
ij
i
j
SX
X
(6)
Whi
c
h
x
expressed the Eucl
idean n
o
rm.
3) Re
cu
rsive cal
c
ulatio
n of the value
ij
i
j
R
S
(7)
Whe
r
e
,
is the
criti
c
al
dista
n
ce,
x
is said
st
ep
(Heavisi
de) fun
c
tion
,
0
1
0
0
)
(
x
x
x
。
No
de
s u
s
e
the pha
se
spa
c
e
ca
n b
e
de
scribe
d
from two
-
dim
ensi
onal
grap
hics on
the internal
dynamics of
nonline
a
r
time se
rie
s
m
a
trix of the mech
ani
sm, the
recurren
ce
pl
ot (RP).
1
ij
R
is correspon
ding
po
sition
at th
e time th
at th
e bla
c
k
point,
0
ij
R
is white p
o
int whe
n
you sai
d
, RP is throu
gh the
bla
ck
point and figu
re point to de
scribe the
whi
t
e
graphics
to reflec
t the time s
e
ries
.
Figure 1 sho
w
s the main
part of the periodi
c sig
nal
)
8
sin(
)
(
t
t
f
on the diago
nal of
the RP ma
ps, lower fig
u
re
for the white
noise sig
nal
RP. Figure from the RP p
o
int of view it is
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Voltage Flicker Re
al-tim
e Dete
ction Ba
sed o
n
Re
cu
rsive De
gre
e
Method (Tieju
n Cao
)
29
clea
r p
e
rio
d
ic sig
nals,
be
cause
the
whi
t
e noi
se i
s
stationary,
whit
e noi
se fig
u
re of the
bla
c
k
spot
s RP, ev
enly cove
red
with white
spots,
time se
ries
have b
e
c
ome
unp
red
i
ctable. Abov
e
analysi
s
, RP map ca
n dire
ctly reflect cl
early t
he dyn
a
mic featu
r
e
s
of
the syst
em qualitatively
descri
b
e
s
the
system of n
on-steady
-sta
te pheno
men
on, and from
the perspe
c
t
i
ve reveals t
he
dynamics of pha
se spa
c
e
trajecto
rie
s
of
the run.
Figure 1. Effect of different recursive si
g
nal (RP
)
Dia
g
r
am
3.2. Carrier F
r
equen
c
y
Vo
ltage and Fr
equen
c
y
Detection
In orde
r to
quantitatively from a stati
s
tical p
o
int o
f
view of sig
nal analy
s
is,
in the
recurren
ce pl
ot is introdu
ced based on
the num
ber
of signal
s to be mea
s
ured
recu
rsi
on. The
main diag
ona
l straight line
parall
e
l to the
R
= 0 we call recu
rrent point
s:
1
,
,
2
,
1
)
(
1
,
N
k
R
k
D
k
N
i
k
i
i
(
8)
Its si
ze
refle
c
ts th
e
stre
n
g
th of the
syst
em
peri
odi
cally. In the
voltage flicke
r
signal
pro
c
e
ssi
ng,
we ta
ke th
e embe
ddin
g
dimen
s
io
n
m = 1, time delay
=0
,
Sampling
freque
ncyfs(Hz)
,
F
r
e
quen
cy carrie
r
sig
nal in
o
r
de
r t
o
avoid
a
c
ce
ss to th
e fre
quen
cy m
u
ltiplier
and a h
a
lf there, can give
the approximate fr
equ
en
cy ran
ge of the ca
rri
er fre
quen
cy [f
1
,f
2
]Hz
,
]
[
],
[
1
2
f
f
ke
f
f
ks
s
s
,
[
。
]
Rou
ndin
g
.
}
,
,
1
,
)
(
max{
)
(
0
ke
ks
ks
k
k
D
k
D
(
9)
The freq
uen
cy carri
er fre
q
uen
cy (ie fun
damental freq
uen
cy):
0
0
k
f
f
s
(10)
4. Experimental Ev
aluation
In all of the
fo
llowing
test
si
gnal
s, take it
to the
sampli
ng fre
que
ncy
fs = 100
0Hz,
numbe
r
of sampl
e
s
N = 1
000,
recu
rsive
met
hod to calcul
ate the critical frequ
en
cy from the ca
rrie
r
freque
ncy
STD
u
STD
),
(
1
.
0
is
stand
ard
Va
rian
ce. Th
e
follo
wing
are m
u
ltiple flicker
freque
ncy, a
m
plitude a
n
d
freque
ncy d
epen
dent am
plitude chan
ges, in
cludi
n
g
noise pollu
tion
and is h
a
rm
o
n
ic poll
u
tion b
e
twee
n the e
x
perime
n
tal d
e
tection of flicker.
4.1. Signal Frequen
c
y
Flicker Me
asur
e
ment
Set with multiple sig
nal fre
quen
cy flicker signal:
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TELKOM
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Vol. 13, No. 1, Janua
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2
30
)
7
50
2
cos(
05
.
0
)
4
10
2
cos(
075
.
0
)
6
3
50
2
cos(
1
.
0
1
)
(
:
)
11
(
)
3
50
2
cos(
)
(
)
3
50
2
cos(
))
7
50
2
cos(
05
.
0
)
4
10
2
cos(
075
.
0
)
6
3
50
2
cos(
1
.
0
1
(
)
(
t
t
t
t
a
Where
t
t
a
t
t
t
t
t
u
Figure 2
(a)
multi-source
voltage flicke
r fr
eque
ncy
modulatio
n waveform.
Fi
g
u
re
2 (b
)
envelop
e of t
h
is p
ape
r the
true val
ue o
f
the f
licker
with real-tim
e
dete
c
tion a
s
say value
s
a
nd
Figure 2 (c) e
n
velope of error.
Figure 2. Rea
l
-time dete
c
tion of voltage fli
cke
r envelo
pe with invari
able po
we
r freque
ncy
4.2. Amplitu
d
e Mod
u
lati
on and
Fr
e
quency
-
dependen
t
Vari
able Volta
g
e Flicker
Signal
Det
e
c
t
ion
Freq
uen
cy ca
rrie
r
sig
nal is:
)
3
/
50
2
cos(
t
,
Superpo
sition
of the 0 ~ 2
50ms amplitu
de 0.
1, fre
q
u
ency of 1
0
Hz envelop
e; at 251
~
500m
s supe
rimpo
s
e
d
a
m
plitude 0.2
,
frequen
cy
of 10Hz envelop
e; at 501 ~ 7
5
0
ms
sup
e
rim
p
o
s
e
d
amplitud
e
0.2, freque
ncy 15
Hz
e
n
velope; in
751 ~
100
0
m
s supe
rimp
ose
d
amplitude 0.1
,
frequen
cy of
10Hz envelo
pe. Namely:
)
10
2
cos(
]
,
[
1
.
0
)
15
2
cos(
]
,
[
2
.
0
)
10
2
cos(
]
,
[
2
.
0
)
10
2
cos(
]
,
[
1
.
0
1
)
(
:
)
12
(
)
3
50
2
cos(
)
(
)
(
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
0
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
a
t
t
a
t
u
This AM si
g
nal throu
gh
the amplitud
e
cha
nge, freque
0n
cy ch
ange, with v
a
rying
amplitude
an
d freq
uen
cy, Figure 3
(
a
)
for the
ampli
t
ude an
d fre
quen
cy chan
ges th
e o
r
igi
nal
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TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Voltage Flicker Re
al-tim
e Dete
ction Ba
sed o
n
Re
cu
rsive De
gre
e
Method (Tieju
n Cao
)
31
sign
al wavef
o
rm voltage f
licker. Figu
re
3(b)
envel
o
p
e
of this pap
er the tru
e
value of the flicker
with real
-time
detection a
s
say value
s
an
d Figure 3(c)
envelop
e of erro
r.
Figure 3. Rea
l
-time dete
c
tion of
voltage flicke
r envelo
pe with varia
b
le amplitud
e
-
frequ
en
cy
5. Conclusio
n
With the i
n
creased a
u
tom
a
tion of mo
d
e
rn
enterpri
s
es, mo
re
an
d more d
e
m
andin
g
requi
rem
ents on po
we
r q
uality, voltage flicker i
s
the po
we
r su
pply system
is on
e impo
rtant
cau
s
e of p
o
ll
ution ha
za
rd
s. This
pap
e
r
prese
n
ts a
new
real
-time dete
c
tion o
f
voltage flicker
method. Spe
c
ific pe
rform
a
nce:
1) Use
a re
cursive m
e
th
od to find freque
ncy
ca
rrier si
gnal f
r
e
quen
cy, that is, funda
me
ntal
freque
ncy;
2) the use of the adjace
n
t three-point sampli
ng dat
a, the freque
ncy ca
rri
er si
gnal freq
uen
cy,
sampli
ng fre
q
uen
cy accord
ing to (4) o
b
tain
the cu
rren
t amplitude of voltage flicke
r;
3)Th
e metho
d
reflect
s
the sen
s
itivity of
the inte
rferen
ce signal, there is
interferen
ce between t
he
harm
oni
cs o
r
noise, sign
al prep
ro
ce
ssin
g to be a low-pass filter;
4) The p
r
op
o
s
ed meth
od h
a
s a lo
w-p
a
ss filtered noise
immunity;
5) the method with a low-pass
filtered b
e
twee
n anti-h
a
rmo
n
ic;
6) The meth
od of time-varying amplitu
de of volt
age flicker a go
o
d
real-tim
e tracking, tra
cki
ng
accuracy an
d
samplin
g fre
quen
cy, sam
p
ling freq
uen
cy wa
s sig
n
ificantly high
er
tracking;
7) The results of this method did not specify an ex
p
licit expre
ssi
o
n
of t
he mutant signal in real
time track
i
ng;
8) Th
e
simul
a
tion results
sho
w
that th
e propo
se
d
a
l
gorithm
ca
n
effectively an
d accu
rately,
in
real time to e
x
tract the sig
nal envelop
e
fo
r the online
detectio
n
of voltage flicker.
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ces
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H
OU L, XU
W
L
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w
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asur
em
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licati
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uailt
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iltering B
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