Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
9
, No
.
3
,
Ma
rch
201
8
,
p
p.
685
~
689
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijeecs
.
v9.i
3
.
pp
685
-
689
685
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Des
i
gn o
f Low P
owe
r Low Noi
se A
mp
lifier u
sing Gm
-
boost
ed
Tec
hn
iqu
e
Ma
iz
an
Muha
mad
1
N
orhayati
So
in
2
,
H
arikrishna
n
Ram
iah
3
1
Facul
t
y
of
El
e
ctrical
Eng
ineeri
n
g,
Univer
si
ti Te
k
nologi
MA
RA,
Shah
Alam,
Se
langor,
Mal
a
y
sia
2
,3
Facul
t
y
of
Eng
ine
er
ing, Unive
r
sit
y
of
Ma
lay
a
,
Kuala
Lumpur, M
al
a
y
s
ia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Sep
1
9
, 201
7
Re
vised
Dec
3
0
, 2
01
7
Accepte
d
Ja
n
1
7
, 2
01
8
Thi
s
pape
r
pre
se
nts
the
deve
lop
m
ent
of
low
noi
se
amplifi
er
int
e
gra
te
d
c
irc
ui
t
using
130nm
RF
CMOS
te
chnolog
y
.
Th
e
low
n
oise
amplifier
f
unct
ion
is
to
amplif
y
ex
tre
m
e
l
y
low
no
ise
amplifi
e
r
withou
t
a
dding
noise
and
pre
serving
re
quire
d
sign
al
to
a
noise
ra
ti
o
.
A
det
ai
l
ed
m
ethodolog
y
and
a
naly
s
is
tha
t
le
ads
to
a
low
power
LNA
are
bei
ng
discus
sed
throughout
thi
s
pape
r.
Induc
ti
v
ely
deg
ene
ra
te
d
and
G
m
-
boosted
topol
og
y
ar
e
used
to
design
the
ci
rc
u
it
.
Design
spec
ifica
t
ions
ar
e
foc
used
fo
r
8
02.
11b/g/
n
I
EEE
W
ire
l
ess
LAN
Standa
rds
with
ce
nt
er
fr
eque
nc
y
of
2
.
4
GH
z.
The
bes
t
low
noise
amplifi
er
prov
id
es
a
power
ga
in (S
21)
of
19.
841
dB wi
th
noise
fi
gure
(NF
)
of
1.
497
dB
using
t
he
gm
-
boosted
t
opolog
y
while
t
he
best
low
pow
er
amplifier
dra
wing
4.
19m
W
power
from
a
1.
2V
vol
ta
g
e
suppl
y
using
th
e
inductiv
ely
dege
ner
ated.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
CM
OS
In
te
gr
at
ed
c
irc
uits
LNA
No
ise
f
ig
ure
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Ma
iz
an
Mu
ha
m
ad
,
Faculty
of Elec
tric
al
Engineer
ing
,
Un
i
ver
sit
i Te
knol
og
i M
ARA
,
Sh
a
h Alam
,
Sela
ngor, Mal
a
ysi
a
.
Em
a
il
:
m
ai
zan@salam
.u
itm
.e
du.m
y
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
The
fast
gro
w
th
of
wireless
com
m
un
ic
at
i
on
syst
em
has
m
ade
rad
io
f
reque
ncy
integ
rated
ci
rc
uit,
CM
OS
-
base
d
te
chnolo
gy,
a
n
at
tract
ive
pac
ka
ge
f
or
ra
dio
tr
ansceive
r
f
r
on
t
-
en
d
ci
rc
uits
in
nu
m
erous
wir
el
ess
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
syst
em
s.
In
t
he
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
syst
em
,
Low
noise
am
plifie
r
is
the
first
blo
c
k
of
recei
ver
[
1].
This
am
plifie
r
is
on
e
of
a
n
el
ect
ronic
am
pli
fier
tha
t
us
e
d
to
am
plify
ver
y
weak
si
gn
al
s.
Mob
il
e
ha
ndphones
and
wireless
local
area
netw
ork
(
WL
AN)
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
are
bec
om
ing
a
par
t
of
our
da
il
y
li
ves.
Design
of
LNA
in
vo
l
ves
m
any
trade
-
off
s
betwee
n
between
it
s
requir
e
m
ents.
Thiese
involve
getti
ng
sim
ultaneou
s
high
gain,
l
ow
noise
figure,
good
input
an
d
out
pu
t
m
at
ching
and
unco
ndit
ion
al
sta
bili
ty
at
the
lowest
possible
current
dr
a
w
f
ro
m
the
a
m
plifie
r.
The
L
N
A
desig
n
in
this
pap
e
r
use
d
i
nductivel
y
deg
e
ne
rated
to
polo
gy
with
Gm
-
boos
te
d
te
chn
i
qu
e
to
m
ini
m
iz
e the n
o
ise
f
ig
ur
e
and
re
duce the
po
wer
consum
ption
at
the sam
e tim
e.
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
Figure
1
pr
es
ents
the
ty
pic
al
inducti
vely
de
gen
e
rated
CM
OS
L
NA
topolo
gy.T
he
inducti
vely
deg
e
ne
rated
C
MOS
L
N
A
ar
e
ch
os
e
n
be
ca
us
e
it
is
widel
y
us
ed
an
d
it
s
low
noise
perform
ance
[2
-
3]
.
It
is
nowa
days
us
e
d
bo
t
h
in
si
ng
le
and
m
ulti
-
sta
ndar
d
tra
ns
cei
ve
rs
beca
us
e
of
t
he
bette
r
NF
a
nd
t
he
lo
wer
powe
r
consum
ption
with
res
pect
to
ot
her
to
polo
gies
f
or
narrow
ba
nd
ap
plica
ti
on
s
[
3
-
5].
I
nductivel
y
de
ge
ner
at
e
d
casco
de
L
NA
consi
sts
of
an
inpu
t
sig
nal
source
R
Fin.
Th
e
source
resist
ance
Rs
of
50
Ω,
an
i
nducta
nc
e
gate,
Lg,
s
ource
i
nducto
r,
Ls
,
loa
d
inducto
r
L
d,
add
it
io
nal
cap
aci
tor
Ce
xt.
L
g
an
d
Ls
are
us
e
d
to
m
at
ch
input
i
m
ped
ance
wh
i
le
Ld
is
us
e
d
to
m
at
ch
ou
tp
ut
i
m
ped
ance.
T
he
LN
A
desig
ned
i
n
thi
s
pa
pe
r
us
es
a
Gm
-
bo
os
t
e
d
te
chn
iq
ue
str
uc
ture
with
inte
r
-
sta
ge
inducto
rs
as
show
n
in
Fig
ure
2.
In
t
his
ci
rcu
it
M1,
M2
are
the
casca
de
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vol
.
9
,
No.
3
,
Ma
rc
h
201
8
:
685
–
689
686
transisto
rs,
M3
is
us
e
d
t
o
buil
d
the
bias
f
or
t
he
L
N
A,
L
g
a
nd
Ls
a
re
us
e
d
f
or
t
he
i
nput
m
at
ching
.
Wh
i
le
Ld,
Lg
a
nd Cext
ar
e
the inte
r
-
sta
ge
co
m
po
ne
nts.
Figure
1.
Ci
rcui
t t
op
ol
og
y
of i
nductivel
y
degenerate
d
L
NA
In
t
his
LN
A
de
sign,
the
s
uitab
le
value
of
in
duct
or,
L
s
is
ch
os
e
n.
T
hen
t
he
value
of
gm
a
nd
C
gs
are
cal
c
ulate
d
to g
i
ve req
uire
d
Z
in
[
6]
(1)
(2)
Deg
e
ne
rati
on
I
nducto
r
L
s
ca
n
be
f
ound
by
usi
ng
eq
uatio
n
2.
The
n
the
op
tim
a
l
Q
facto
r
of
in
du
ct
or
L
s
can
be
cal
culat
ed by u
sing eq
uatio
n 3
.
(3)
Op
ti
m
al
Q
o
f
Inducto
r
,
(4)
The val
ue
of i
nduct
or Lg can
be
fou
nd b
y
usi
ng
e
quat
io
n 5.
(5)
Af
te
r
obta
inin
g
the g
at
e
-
s
our
ce
Ca
pacit
ance
and
t
hen
t
he
width, W
o
f
t
he
transisto
r
can
be
f
ound
by usi
ng
t
he
equ
at
io
n bel
ow;
(6)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Desig
n of L
ow
Power
Lo
w
N
oi
se Ampli
fi
er usi
ng Gm
-
boos
t
ed
Tec
hniq
ue
(
Maizan
Mu
ha
mad
)
687
(7)
Wh
e
re,
an
d
The
n.
T
he o
ptim
u
m
N
oise Figure ca
n be est
i
m
at
ed
as b
el
ow:
(8)
Gain
-
bo
os
ti
ng
is
a
well
-
est
a
bl
ished
te
ch
niqu
e
that
us
es
a
nd
am
plifie
r
in
place
of
A(
s
)
t
o
increase
the
dc
gai
n
of
a
casca
de
sta
ge
[
7
-
10
]
.
A
gm
-
boos
te
d
M
OS
casca
de
wi
th
enh
a
nce
d
ba
ndwidt
h
as
show
n
in
F
ig
ure
2
ca
n
increase t
he
tra
ns
c
onduct
ance
of M2
by fa
c
to
r of
[
1
+
A(
s
)],
Figure
2. A
Gm
-
bo
os
te
d Tec
hn
i
qu
e
Ci
rcu
it
Figure
3. I
nduc
ti
vely
d
ege
ner
a
te
d
L
NA w
it
h
Gm
-
boos
te
d
Ci
rcu
it
In
orde
r
t
o
re
du
ce
the
eve
n
-
orde
r
ha
rm
on
ic
s
of
the
rec
ei
ver
,
the
LN
A
is
nee
ded
t
o
act
as
a
sin
gle
-
to
-
diff
e
re
ntial
con
ve
rsion
as
we
ll
[8
]
.
The
c
ros
s
connecti
on
c
an
be
us
e
d
in
a
fu
ll
y
-
di
ff
e
ren
t
ia
l
ci
rcu
it
to
prov
i
de
the
po
la
rity
of
the
feedback
.
The
first
orde
r
of
h
ig
h
pas
s
respo
ns
e
can
be
prov
i
ded
by
us
in
g
a
sim
ple
CR
-
sect
ion
for
t
he c
ro
ss
c
onnecti
on.
(9)
The fo
rm
ula f
or fre
qu
e
ncy
de
pende
nt tra
ns
c
onduct
ance
ca
n be
ob
ta
in
b
y
su
bst
it
uting
e
quat
ion (
2) int
o (1).
(10)
Th
us
,
w
he
n
or
at
lo
w
f
reque
ncy.
Wh
i
le
at
high
fr
e
quency
,
.
T
he
sc
hem
at
i
c
as
s
how
n
i
n
Figure
3
is
the
com
bin
at
ion
t
echn
i
qu
e
betw
een
i
nductivel
y
de
gen
e
rated
and
gm
-
boos
te
d.
B
oth
te
c
hn
i
qu
e
s
are
us
e
d
in
one
ci
rc
uit
to
opti
m
iz
e
the
resu
lt
of
t
he
gain
ba
ndwidt
h
an
d
no
ise
f
act
or.
3.
RESU
L
TS
A
ND AN
A
LYSIS
Table
2
com
par
es
the
Scat
te
rin
g
pa
ram
et
er
gr
a
phs
ob
ta
i
ne
d
f
r
om
the
sim
ula
ti
on
of
L
NA
ci
rcu
it
desig
n
util
iz
ing
inducti
vely
de
gen
e
rated
to
polo
gy
and
G
m
-
boos
te
d
te
chn
i
qu
e
s.
Wh
at
sta
nd
s o
ut
in
the
ta
ble
is
that,
by
us
i
ng
Gm
-
boos
te
d
te
chn
i
qu
e
to
t
he
inducti
vely
de
gen
e
rated
to
polog
y
the
gai
n
obta
ined
hi
gh
e
r
wh
ic
h
is 1
9.841
dB
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
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a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vol
.
9
,
No.
3
,
Ma
rc
h
201
8
:
685
–
689
688
Table
2.
1
Gr
a
ph C
om
par
ison
of LNA
pe
rform
ance u
si
ng Gm
-
bo
os
te
d t
ech
nique
Para
m
eter
Ind
u
ctiv
ely
deg
en
erate
d
top
o
lo
g
y
on
ly
W
ith
G
m
-
b
o
o
sted
S
11
an
d
S
22
S
21
an
d
S
12
No
ise Fig
u
re
(NF)
The
outp
ut
m
a
tc
hin
g
ci
rc
uit
does
not
cha
ng
e
the
bias
of
the
act
ive
dev
ic
e.
It
is
ver
y
easy
to
achieve
the
re
quired
outp
ut
m
at
ching
without
a
ny
filt
er
netw
ork
at
the
outp
ut
s
ince
the
LN
A
has
ver
y
l
ow
ou
t
pu
t
i
m
ped
ance
.
Th
e
gr
ap
h
of
S22
il
lustrate
s
the
induct
ively
deg
ene
rated
L
N
A
m
anag
e
to
get
-
26
.
329
dB
instea
d
of
t
he
gm
-
boost
ed
val
ue
is
-
12.
260
dB.
The
ou
t
pu
t
re
ver
se
isolat
ion
is
ve
r
y
i
m
po
rtant
c
rite
ria
to
e
ns
ure
bette
r
sta
bili
ty
and
l
ow
e
r
NF
.
T
he
sim
ulate
d
no
i
se
fig
ures
of
the
L
N
A
to
polog
ie
s
is
1.6
8
dB
f
or
the
in
duct
ively
deg
e
ne
rated
w
hile
the
gm
boos
te
d
is
1.497
db.
T
he
po
wer
dissipati
on
for
inducti
vely
de
gen
e
rated
to
po
log
y
is
4.19
m
W
w
hile
for
gm
-
boos
t
ed
to
po
l
og
y
is
6.933
m
W
.
Ta
ble
2
pr
ese
nts
the
com
par
iso
n
of
L
N
A
desi
gn
with
oth
e
r publi
sh
e
d works.
Ta
ble
2.
2
Pe
rfor
m
ance co
m
par
iso
n wit
h oth
er
publishe
d w
orks
Ref
erences
This
work
[
9
]
[
1
0
]
[
1
1
]
Ind
u
ctiv
ely
d
eg
en
erate
d
Gm
-
b
o
o
sted
Proces
s tech
n
o
lo
g
y
180nm
180nm
130nm
130nm
130nm
Frequ
en
cy
(
GHz
)
1
.5
-
1
1
.7
1
.4
-
9
.5
1
.25
-
1
1
.34
2
.4 GHz
2
.4 GHz
Po
wer
su
p
p
ly
(
V)
1
.8
1
.8
1
.2
1
.2 V
1
.2 V
S
21
(dB
)
1
2
.26
13
11
1
9
.16
1
9
.84
S
11
(dB
)
-
8
.6
-
9
.5
-
11
-
1
8
.61
-
2
8
.02
S
2
2
(dB
)
n
.a
n
.a
n
.a
-
2
6
.32
-
1
2
.26
S
1
2
(dB
)
-
26
n
.a
-
35
-
3
7
.16
-
4
0
.00
No
ise Facto
r
(dB
)
3
.74
-
4
.74
4
.3
2
.38
-
3
.4
1
.67
1
.49
Po
wer
Diss
ip
atio
n
(
m
W
)
1
0
.34
20
5
.8
4
.73
6
.19
Figure
4
s
how
s
the
la
yout
design
of
the
c
om
bin
at
ion
be
tween
in
du
ct
iv
el
y
deg
ene
rated
an
d
gm
boos
te
d
to
po
l
ogy.
T
he
siz
e
of
this
la
yout
is
693μm
x
723μ
m
.
All
the
com
po
nen
t
c
hose
n
to
m
ake
this
la
yout
are
us
in
g
the
R
FCM
OS
tec
hnology.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Desig
n of L
ow
Power
Lo
w
N
oi
se Ampli
fi
er usi
ng Gm
-
boos
t
ed
Tec
hniq
ue
(
Maizan
Mu
ha
mad
)
689
Figure
4. Lay
out o
f
L
N
A
4.
CONCL
US
IO
N
The
desig
n
of
low
powe
r
L
NA
we
re
s
uc
cessf
ully
i
m
pl
e
m
ented
usi
ng
Ind
uctivel
y
Deg
e
ne
rate
d
topolo
gy
an
d
gm
-
bo
os
te
d
t
opology.
The
L
N
A
desi
gn
ac
hieved
a
power
ga
in
(S21)
of
19.
841
dB
with
no
ise
fig
ur
e
(
NF
)
of
1.497 dB
w
hile al
so
m
anag
e
d l
ow
powe
r
at
4.1
9m
W
.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENT
This
w
ork
is
f
unde
d
by
Mi
ni
stry
of
Higher
Ed
ucati
on
(M
OH
E
)
under
t
he
Re
searc
h
A
ccult
ur
at
io
n
Coll
aborati
ve Eff
or
t
(RACE
)
grant
N
o.
600
-
RM
I/RACE 1
6/
6/2
(
2/20
15).
REFERE
NCE
S
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ise
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6
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U
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at
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it
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nea
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iz
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IEEE
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ess
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te
rs
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20
13;
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608
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.