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m
en
t
a
n
d
tex
t.
E
-
lear
n
in
g
is
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
p
atter
n
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
th
e
b
asis
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
er
n
s
c
ien
ti
f
ic
an
d
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
th
a
t
s
w
ep
t
th
e
wo
r
ld
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
w
h
ic
h
is
o
p
en
to
t
h
e
I
n
ter
n
et
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
t
h
e
m
to
u
s
er
s
a
t
h
i
g
h
s
p
ee
d
s
,
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
e
-
lear
n
i
n
g
h
as
c
h
an
g
ed
an
d
its
p
r
esen
tatio
n
a
n
d
m
et
h
o
d
s
o
f
in
ter
ac
tio
n
w
it
h
it
in
cl
u
d
ed
m
o
r
e
in
ter
ac
ti
v
e
asp
ec
t
s
,
w
h
ich
led
to
th
e
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
-
ca
lled
s
ec
o
n
d
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
e
-
lear
n
i
n
g
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
in
ter
ested
in
t
h
e
e
m
p
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
th
at
ar
e
i
m
p
o
r
t
an
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
cial
p
o
in
t
o
f
v
ie
w
s
u
ch
a
s
b
lo
g
s
W
h
ich
in
c
lu
d
e
B
lo
g
s
a
n
d
W
i
k
is
.
I
n
[
2
]
,
p
o
in
t
s
o
u
t
t
h
at
le
ar
n
in
g
w
eb
lo
g
s
ar
e
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
m
i
n
en
t
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
w
eb
2
.
0
,
w
h
ic
h
is
a
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
a
m
o
n
g
u
s
er
s
o
f
th
e
w
eb
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
m
an
y
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tic
s
in
cl
u
d
in
g
i
n
ter
ac
ti
v
e,
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
m
u
tu
al
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
an
d
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e.
T
h
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
b
l
o
g
s
ar
e
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
an
d
o
u
t
s
tan
d
i
n
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
g
e
n
e
r
atio
n
o
f
e
-
lear
n
in
g
,
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
teac
h
er
s
b
eg
an
to
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
in
o
r
d
er
to
s
er
v
e
t
h
e
co
u
r
s
e
s
a
n
d
th
e
co
n
ti
n
u
it
y
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
w
i
th
th
e
ir
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
b
lo
g
s
h
av
e
a
s
et
o
f
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
a
n
d
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
t
h
at
d
is
t
in
g
u
is
h
t
h
e
m
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
ir
s
t
g
e
n
er
ati
o
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
o
f
e
-
lear
n
in
g
.
On
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
h
a
n
d
b
lo
g
s
C
an
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
t
y
p
es
o
f
co
n
te
n
t
m
an
ag
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
h
er
e
teac
h
i
n
g
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
p
u
b
lis
h
co
u
r
s
e
s
an
d
to
d
is
cu
s
s
w
i
th
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
o
n
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
b
lo
g
s
ar
e
ea
s
y
to
u
s
e
an
d
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
o
t
h
at
an
y
u
s
er
B
lo
o
d
to
cr
ea
te
a
b
l
o
g
o
f
h
is
o
w
n
w
it
h
o
u
t
h
a
v
i
n
g
p
r
io
r
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
o
f
d
esig
n
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
w
eb
s
ites
[
3
]
.
A
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
s
t
u
d
ies
a
n
d
r
esear
ch
es
h
av
e
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
b
lo
g
s
i
n
t
h
e
teac
h
i
n
g
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
co
u
r
s
e
s
an
d
at
a
ll
le
v
els
o
f
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
T
ek
n
ar
s
lan
[
4
]
:
w
h
ic
h
p
r
o
v
ed
th
at
t
h
e
b
lo
g
s
h
av
e
a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
s
t
u
d
en
t
ac
h
ie
v
e
m
e
n
t
in
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
,
[3
,
5
,
6
]
:
w
h
ic
h
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
th
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
ed
u
c
atio
n
al
b
lo
g
s
i
n
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
lear
n
i
n
g
la
n
g
u
a
g
es
a
n
d
t
h
in
k
i
n
g
s
k
ill
s
an
d
s
u
r
v
i
v
al
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
lear
n
i
n
g
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
[
7
]
:
T
h
e
Un
iv
er
s
it
y
o
f
Dic
k
in
s
o
n
in
th
e
Un
ited
State
s
h
a
s
cr
ea
ted
a
s
p
ec
ial
s
y
s
te
m
to
h
o
s
t
b
lo
g
s
an
d
w
i
k
i
s
s
o
t
h
at
t
h
e
y
ca
n
r
eq
u
est
t
h
e
m
to
p
u
b
lis
h
t
h
eir
r
esear
ch
a
n
d
m
ea
ls
elec
tr
o
n
icall
y
i
n
s
tead
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
u
s
u
al
m
e
th
o
d
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
er
b
elie
v
es
th
a
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
n
e
w
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
s
u
ch
as
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
b
lo
g
s
i
n
teac
h
i
n
g
co
m
p
u
ter
s
f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
i
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
y
ea
r
o
f
th
e
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
Sa
m
ar
r
a
,
it
w
ill
h
elp
to
cr
ea
te
an
attr
a
ctiv
e
lear
n
i
n
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
t
h
at
en
ab
les
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
lear
n
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
p
o
ten
tial
a
n
d
ab
ilit
y
an
d
t
h
u
s
w
il
l
w
o
r
k
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
ac
ad
e
m
ic
ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
m
an
y
o
f
s
t
u
d
ies
h
a
v
e
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
t
h
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
an
d
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
b
lo
g
s
i
n
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
s
t
u
d
en
ts
'
ac
ad
e
m
ic
ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t s
u
c
h
as t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
[
8
,
9
]
.
2.
T
H
E
F
I
R
S
T
T
O
P
I
C:
DE
F
I
N
I
T
I
O
N
O
F
RE
S
E
ARCH
2
.
1
.
F
irst:
-
Resea
rc
h's
P
ro
ble
m
:
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
n
o
ticed
th
r
o
u
g
h
h
is
w
o
r
k
as
a
lectu
r
er
at
th
e
Un
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
o
f
Sa
m
ar
r
a/
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
/
B
io
lo
g
y
Dep
ar
t
m
e
n
t,
t
h
e
lo
w
le
v
el
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
in
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
y
ea
r
in
t
h
e
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
B
io
lo
g
y
i
n
co
m
p
u
ter
s
cie
n
ce
le
s
s
o
n
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
g
r
ad
es
w
er
e
b
elo
w
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
le
v
el
i
n
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
e
m
e
s
ter
ex
a
m
s
,
a
s
w
ell
as
t
h
e
p
o
o
r
lev
el
o
f
co
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
am
o
n
g
s
t
u
d
en
ts
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
le
ctu
r
e.
L
o
w
le
v
el
o
f
m
o
tiv
a
tio
n
f
o
r
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
to
w
ar
d
s
lear
n
in
g
,
a
s
w
el
l
as
th
e
ti
g
h
t
ti
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
q
u
o
ta
an
d
th
e
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
w
h
ic
h
d
o
es
n
o
t
allo
w
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
an
d
r
ea
ct
w
i
th
ea
ch
o
t
h
er
ad
eq
u
at
el
y
,
all
th
e
s
e
t
h
i
n
g
s
p
r
o
m
p
ted
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
to
s
ea
r
ch
f
o
r
n
e
w
w
a
y
s
a
n
d
m
e
th
o
d
s
o
f
teac
h
i
n
g
ar
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
i
ate
an
d
attr
ac
tiv
e
to
s
u
it
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
a
n
d
attr
ac
t
th
e
m
to
th
e
s
u
b
j
ec
t
m
atter
,
I
n
th
e
teac
h
i
n
g
o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
s
f
o
r
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
i
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
ta
g
e
in
th
e
Dep
ar
t
m
e
n
t o
f
B
io
lo
g
y
at
th
e
C
o
lle
g
e
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
2
.
2
.
Seco
nd
:
-
T
he
I
m
po
rt
a
nce
o
f
Resea
rc
h
:
a)
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
p
r
esen
ts
a
n
e
w
m
o
d
el
i
n
m
o
d
er
n
teac
h
i
n
g
m
e
th
o
d
s
,
as
it
u
s
es
a
co
n
te
m
p
o
r
ar
y
m
et
h
o
d
in
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
al
b
lo
g
s
i
n
th
e
teac
h
i
n
g
o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
s
.
b)
Ass
i
s
ti
n
g
teac
h
er
s
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
tak
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
te
ch
n
iq
u
es
b
a
s
ed
o
n
t
h
e
w
eb
a
n
d
w
o
r
k
to
b
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
in
teac
h
i
n
g
co
u
r
s
es.
c)
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
b
lo
g
elec
tr
o
n
ic
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
al
r
ic
h
less
o
n
s
a
n
d
P
o
w
er
P
o
in
t
p
r
e
s
en
tat
io
n
s
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
v
id
eo
s
th
at
h
elp
r
is
e
th
e
ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
in
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
ta
g
e
in
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
ter
d)
P
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
a
s
et
o
f
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
t
h
at
ca
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
t
h
e
ac
tiv
atio
n
o
f
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
ed
u
c
atio
n
al
b
lo
g
s
in
teac
h
in
g
co
u
r
s
e
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
E
ffective
n
ess
o
f th
e
u
s
e
o
f e
lectro
n
ic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l b
lo
g
s
in
tea
ch
in
g
…
(
A
b
d
u
l Mu
n
em
Ha
s
a
n
A
h
med
A
li
)
491
2
.
3
.
T
hird:
-
Resea
rc
h O
bje
ct
iv
es
a)
Desig
n
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
b
lo
g
s
t
ea
ch
in
g
f
o
r
co
m
p
u
ter
s
les
s
o
n
f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
i
n
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
y
ea
r
i
n
t
h
e
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
B
io
lo
g
y
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
s
o
f
d
esig
n
b
lo
g
s
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
b)
T
o
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
n
ess
o
f
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
b
lo
g
s
i
n
teac
h
in
g
co
m
p
u
ter
s
o
n
t
h
e
ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t o
f
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
i
n
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tag
e
i
n
t
h
e
C
o
lle
g
e
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
r
eten
t
io
n
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
.
2
.
4
.
F
o
urt
h:
-
Resea
rc
h
L
im
it
s
a)
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
li
m
it
s
:
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
w
ill
b
e
li
m
i
ted
to
th
e
f
o
u
r
th
ch
ap
ter
an
d
th
e
f
i
f
t
h
ch
ap
t
er
o
f
th
e
b
o
o
k
th
e
b
asics
o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
P
ar
t
I
I
,
w
h
ic
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
to
s
tu
d
e
n
t
s
o
f
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
ta
g
e
in
t
h
e
co
lleg
es
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
i
n
I
r
aq
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
f
o
u
r
th
ch
ap
ter
(
I
n
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
to
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t
P
o
w
er
P
o
in
t
2
0
1
0
)
an
d
in
cl
u
d
es
C
h
ap
ter
V
(
in
cl
u
s
io
n
o
f
o
b
j
ec
ts
an
d
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
ts
i
n
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t P
o
w
er
P
o
in
t 2
0
1
0
)
.
b)
L
o
ca
ti
v
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ie
s
: U
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
o
f
Sa
m
ar
r
a
/ Co
lle
g
e
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
c)
T
im
e
L
i
m
its
: T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
e
m
ester
o
f
th
e
ac
ad
e
m
ic
y
ea
r
(
2
0
1
7
-
2
0
1
8
)
.
2
.
5
.
F
if
t
h:
-
M
et
ho
d o
f
Rese
a
rc
h
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
u
s
ed
a
s
e
m
i
-
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
its
r
ele
v
an
ce
to
t
h
e
r
esear
c
h
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es.
2
.
6
.
Six
t
h:
Resea
rc
h
H
y
po
t
hes
es
a)
T
h
er
e
w
er
e
n
o
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
at
th
e
lev
el
o
f
s
i
g
n
i
f
ic
an
ce
(
0
.
0
5
)
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es
o
f
th
e
m
ai
n
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
g
r
o
u
p
an
d
,
th
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
in
t
h
e
f
i
n
al
ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t
test
f
o
r
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
.
b)
T
h
er
e
w
er
e
n
o
s
tatis
ticall
y
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
ce
s
at
t
h
e
le
v
el
o
f
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
ce
(
0
.
0
5
)
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es
o
f
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ta
l
g
r
o
u
p
an
d
,
th
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
i
n
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
in
th
e
r
eten
tio
n
te
s
t f
o
r
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
m
ater
ial.
2
.
7
.
Sev
ent
h:
-
Sea
rc
h
T
er
m
s
T
h
e
ac
tiv
it
y
:
a)
I
n
[
1
0
]
Def
i
n
es
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
as
"
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
a
n
d
ac
h
iev
e
g
o
al
s
o
r
in
p
u
ts
in
o
r
d
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
d
esire
d
r
esu
lt
s
an
d
r
ea
ch
t
h
e
m
to
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
e
x
te
n
t p
o
s
s
ib
le.
"
b)
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
d
ef
in
es
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
a
s
:
T
h
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
al
b
lo
g
s
to
ef
f
ec
t
th
e
ac
h
ie
v
e
m
e
n
t o
f
s
t
u
d
en
ts
i
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
ta
g
e
i
n
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
in
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t r
esear
ch
.
3.
B
L
O
G
S
a)
Kn
o
w
n
b
y
[
1
1
]
as:
I
t
is
a
w
eb
s
i
te
o
n
th
e
I
n
ter
n
et
en
a
b
les
u
s
er
s
a
n
d
lear
n
er
s
to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
t
h
e
d
is
s
e
m
in
at
io
n
a
n
d
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
a
n
d
d
ata,
w
h
eth
er
(
tex
t,
au
d
io
o
r
v
id
eo
o
r
v
id
eo
clip
s
o
r
b
lo
g
s
li
n
k
s
)
an
d
ar
e
s
u
s
p
e
n
d
ed
s
o
th
at
Date
d
i
n
ch
r
o
n
o
lo
g
i
ca
l
o
r
d
er
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
r
ec
en
t
to
th
e
o
ld
est
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
,
an
d
v
ar
io
u
s
s
ea
r
ch
en
g
i
n
e
s
o
n
th
e
I
n
ter
n
et
ca
n
ea
s
il
y
ac
ce
s
s
t
h
e
m
.
b)
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
d
ef
in
itio
n
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
b
lo
g
s
:
I
t
is
a
n
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
a
g
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
b
y
t
h
e
r
esear
c
h
er
o
n
th
e
I
n
ter
n
et
co
n
tai
n
s
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
d
ata
o
n
C
h
ap
ter
I
V
(
I
n
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
to
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t
P
o
w
er
P
o
in
t
2
0
1
0
)
an
d
C
h
ap
ter
V
(
Dr
a
w
er
s
o
b
j
ec
ts
an
d
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
ts
i
n
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t
P
o
w
er
P
o
in
t
2
0
1
0
)
T
h
is
co
u
r
s
e
in
c
lu
d
es
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
an
d
d
ata
(
lectu
r
e
s
an
d
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
v
id
eo
s
)
th
at
al
lo
w
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
in
ter
ac
t
w
it
h
t
h
eir
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
w
r
iti
n
g
,
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
an
d
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
.
4.
T
E
A
CH
I
N
G
a)
Def
i
n
es
teac
h
i
n
g
as:
all
t
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ies
a
n
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
th
e
teac
h
er
i
n
a
g
iv
en
teac
h
in
g
p
o
s
itio
n
,
as
w
e
ll
as
all
t
h
e
ac
t
io
n
s
ta
k
e
n
b
y
th
e
teac
h
er
,
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
h
elp
th
e
s
t
u
d
en
ts
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
e
g
o
als
s
et
f
o
r
th
at
p
o
s
itio
n
.
b)
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
d
ef
in
itio
n
o
f
teac
h
i
n
g
:
I
t
i
s
a
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
a
ctiv
it
y
h
as
b
ee
n
p
lan
n
ed
,
an
d
th
i
s
ac
t
iv
i
t
y
ai
m
s
to
teac
h
co
m
p
u
ter
s
f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
i
n
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
h
ase
o
f
th
e
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
o
f
Sa
m
ar
r
a
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
b
lo
g
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
ac
ad
e
m
ic
ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
.
5.
A
CADEM
I
C
ACH
I
E
VE
M
E
NT
a)
Def
i
n
es
i
t:
is
th
e
q
u
a
n
tit
y
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
s
k
il
ls
t
h
at
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
r
ec
eiv
e,
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
i
n
d
eg
r
ee
s
in
th
e
test
s
p
r
ep
ar
ed
f
o
r
th
i
s
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
as
a
r
es
u
lt
o
f
t
h
eir
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
a
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
o
b
j
ec
t
,
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
o
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
lear
n
in
g
u
n
i
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2502
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
20
20
:
4
8
9
-
499
492
b)
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
d
ef
in
es p
r
ac
tic
all
y
as: t
h
e
q
u
a
n
ti
t
y
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
ac
q
u
ir
ed
b
y
s
t
u
d
en
ts
o
f
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tag
e
i
n
th
e
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
E
d
u
ca
t
io
n
/
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
o
f
Sa
m
ar
r
a
af
ter
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
C
h
ap
ter
I
V
(
I
n
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
to
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t
P
o
w
er
P
o
in
t
2
0
1
0
)
an
d
C
h
ap
ter
V
(
i
n
clu
s
io
n
o
f
o
b
j
ec
ts
an
d
t
h
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
ts
in
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t
P
o
w
er
P
o
in
t
2
0
1
0
)
.
Dete
r
m
i
n
ed
b
y
t
h
e
g
r
ad
es
g
o
t
b
y
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
in
t
h
e
f
i
n
al
ac
h
iev
e
m
en
t
te
s
t
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
b
y
th
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
.
6.
I
NF
O
RM
AT
I
O
N
RE
T
E
N
T
I
O
N
a)
I
n
[
1
2
]
Def
in
ed
i
t
as:
I
t
is
th
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
s
t
u
d
en
ts
to
r
e
m
e
m
b
er
d
atu
m
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
d
e
tails
an
d
t
h
eir
ca
p
ac
it
y
to
k
ee
p
th
e
m
.
b)
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
d
ef
i
n
e
s
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e:
I
t
i
s
t
h
e
q
u
an
tit
y
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
t
h
at
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
ca
n
k
e
ep
th
e
m
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
b
j
ec
t
o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
m
ater
ial,
w
h
ich
w
er
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
d
e
g
r
ee
s
o
b
tai
n
ed
i
n
th
e
r
eten
t
io
n
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
te
s
t,
w
h
ic
h
w
a
s
c
o
n
d
u
cted
f
o
r
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
s
a
m
p
le
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
a
f
ter
(
t
h
r
ee
w
ee
k
s
)
to
ap
p
l
y
th
e
f
i
n
al
e
x
a
m
W
ith
o
u
t
eq
u
ip
p
in
g
t
h
e
m
w
it
h
a
n
y
o
th
er
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
er
tain
i
n
g
to
t
h
e
to
p
ics
s
tu
d
i
ed
i
n
t
h
e
p
er
io
d
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
t
w
o
test
s
.
6
.
1
.
T
he
Seco
nd
T
o
pic:
T
he
T
heo
re
t
ica
l F
ra
m
ew
o
rk
a
n
d t
he
P
re
v
io
us
Studies
T
h
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
b
lo
g
s
.
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
b
lo
g
s
ar
e
a
u
n
iq
u
e
n
e
w
m
eth
o
d
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
in
teg
r
ate
m
o
d
e
r
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
i
n
to
th
e
clas
s
r
o
o
m
.
T
h
is
is
a
n
ea
s
y
an
d
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
ab
le
w
a
y
f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
d
ea
l
w
i
th
it
s
i
m
p
l
y
an
d
ea
s
il
y
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
ite
s
th
at
allo
w
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
r
le
ar
n
er
s
to
cr
ea
te
a
b
lo
g
.
So
th
at
h
e
ca
n
co
n
tin
u
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
teac
h
i
n
g
o
u
ts
id
e
t
h
e
w
all
s
o
f
c
lass
r
o
o
m
s
at
an
y
ti
m
e
,
h
elp
in
g
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
th
e
ir
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
I
n
2
0
0
4
,
th
e
ter
m
"
w
eb
2
.
0
"
w
a
s
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
T
i
m
Or
eille
an
d
Da
le
Do
u
g
h
er
t
y
.
T
h
i
s
ter
m
w
as
u
s
ed
to
d
escr
ib
e
m
o
d
er
n
tec
h
n
ical
tr
e
n
d
s
,
a
n
d
it
h
a
s
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
s
et
o
f
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
o
f
e
f
f
i
cien
c
y
,
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
,
an
d
u
s
er
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
[
1
4
]
d
ef
in
e
s
(
w
eb
2
.
0
)
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
as
a
n
e
w
p
h
ilo
s
o
p
h
y
o
r
m
et
h
o
d
u
s
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
ec
o
n
d
-
g
e
n
er
atio
n
I
n
ter
n
et
s
e
r
v
ices.
I
t
r
el
ies
o
n
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
f
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
I
n
ter
n
et
u
s
er
s
to
b
u
i
ld
elec
tr
o
n
ic
-
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
T
h
is
p
h
ilo
s
o
p
h
y
i
s
r
ef
lecte
d
i
n
m
an
y
o
f
ap
p
licati
o
n
s
w
h
ic
h
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
a
n
d
f
ea
t
u
r
es
o
f
w
eb
2
.
0
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
)
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
m
i
n
en
t a
p
p
licatio
n
s
ar
e:
B
lo
g
s
,
Fre
e
W
ik
i,
R
SS
,
an
d
O
n
li
n
e
So
cial
Net
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
.
6
.
2
.
T
he
C
o
ncept
o
f
B
lo
g
g
ing
T
h
e
b
lo
g
is
ca
lled
"
w
eb
lo
g
"
,
m
ea
n
i
n
g
th
e
w
eb
lo
g
.
T
h
e
p
e
r
s
o
n
w
h
o
p
u
b
lis
h
es
an
d
w
r
ite
s
is
ca
lled
th
e
b
lo
g
g
er
.
I
t is ca
lled
b
lo
g
g
i
n
g
.
I
n
[
1
5
]
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
a
w
eb
p
ag
e
th
at
i
s
ea
s
y
to
cr
ea
te.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
ed
ited
b
y
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
b
lo
g
g
er
s
.
T
h
e
b
lo
g
h
as
a
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
to
p
ic.
T
h
e
b
lo
g
p
o
s
ts
ar
e
ar
r
an
g
ed
i
n
r
e
v
er
s
e
o
r
d
er
.
T
h
e
b
lo
g
allo
w
s
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
its
r
ea
d
er
s
An
d
its
ed
ito
r
s
,
s
o
t
h
at
an
y
w
eb
b
r
o
w
s
er
ca
n
co
m
m
en
t
o
n
th
e
I
n
ter
n
et
i
n
ea
s
y
a
n
d
s
i
m
p
le
w
a
y
s
.
6
.
3
.
B
lo
g
Co
m
po
nent
s
I
n
[
1
6
,
1
7
,
3
]
p
o
in
t
o
u
t
t
h
at
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
o
f
b
lo
g
s
d
i
f
f
er
f
r
o
m
ea
c
h
o
th
er
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
d
if
f
er
e
n
t o
b
j
ec
tiv
es,
b
u
t s
h
ar
e
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
w
i
th
ea
ch
o
th
er
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
a)
T
h
e
titl
e
o
f
t
h
e
b
lo
g
(
B
lo
g
T
itle)
:
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
t
h
i
n
g
t
h
at
a
v
i
s
ito
r
s
ee
s
to
th
e
b
lo
g
a
n
d
i
s
co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t e
le
m
en
t o
f
t
h
e
b
lo
g
.
b)
T
itles
o
r
p
o
s
ts
:
m
ea
n
s
th
e
en
tr
ies t
h
at
t
h
e
b
lo
g
g
er
i
n
s
er
ts
i
n
t
o
h
is
b
lo
g
,
an
d
m
a
y
b
e
te
x
t i
n
p
u
t,
v
id
eo
clip
s
,
i
m
a
g
es
o
r
an
y
o
t
h
er
f
o
r
m
o
f
d
ata
o
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
t
h
ese
en
t
r
ies
w
ill
b
e
d
ated
a
n
d
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
ate
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
ec
t.
c)
C
o
m
m
e
n
ts
: T
h
is
allo
w
s
B
lo
g
v
is
i
to
r
s
to
r
ep
ly
to
p
o
s
ts
o
n
b
l
o
g
p
ag
es.
d)
P
er
m
ali
n
k
: f
o
r
u
s
e
in
o
t
h
er
s
it
es o
r
b
lo
g
s
.
e)
T
r
ac
k
b
ac
k
: I
n
o
r
d
er
to
tr
ac
k
w
h
o
w
r
o
te
ab
o
u
t a
s
u
b
j
ec
t p
u
b
lis
h
ed
i
n
th
e
b
lo
g
.
f)
T
h
e
ar
ch
iv
e
o
f
to
p
ics:
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
w
h
ich
th
e
o
ld
to
p
ics
ar
e
co
llected
an
d
th
e
n
ar
r
an
g
ed
i
n
d
escen
d
i
n
g
o
r
d
er
b
y
t
h
e
d
ate
o
f
w
r
iti
n
g
a
n
d
p
r
esen
ted
to
v
is
i
to
r
s
f
o
r
ea
s
e
o
f
r
ef
er
en
ce
.
g)
R
SS
f
ee
d
s
:
a
s
er
v
ice
ad
d
ed
to
th
e
b
lo
g
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
b
lo
g
g
er
p
u
ts
lin
k
s
to
h
i
s
f
a
v
o
r
ite
s
ite
s
,
in
o
r
d
er
to
tr
ac
k
th
e
n
e
w
o
n
e
s
,
as
o
n
ce
y
o
u
a
d
d
an
y
n
e
w
to
p
ic
to
t
h
o
s
e
s
it
es,
a
s
u
m
m
ar
y
i
s
s
e
n
t,
s
o
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
w
h
o
i
s
b
lo
g
g
ed
T
o
c
o
n
s
tan
tl
y
co
n
tac
t
h
is
f
av
o
r
ite
s
ite
s
,
all
o
f
w
h
ic
h
s
a
v
es
h
i
m
ti
m
e
a
n
d
ef
f
o
r
t
in
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
f
o
r
n
e
w
s
a
n
d
to
p
ics in
t
h
o
s
e
s
ite
s
.
h)
B
lo
g
R
o
lls
:
Frie
n
d
l
y
b
lo
g
s
ar
e
a
lis
t
o
f
b
lo
g
s
th
at
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
to
th
e
g
o
al
s
an
d
to
p
ics
o
f
t
h
e
b
lo
g
an
d
ar
e
p
lace
d
in
th
e
b
lo
g
in
o
r
d
er
to
b
en
ef
it
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
.
i)
P
ag
es:
T
h
e
y
ar
e
s
tatic,
an
d
h
av
e
a
c
h
r
o
n
o
lo
g
ical
o
r
d
er
in
th
e
s
ite
ar
ch
i
v
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
th
e
b
lo
g
's
p
r
o
f
ile
p
ag
e
o
r
th
e
b
lo
g
g
er
'
s
c
o
n
tact
p
ag
e.
j)
C
ateg
o
r
ies
:
T
h
ese
ar
e
s
ec
tio
n
s
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
y
t
h
e
b
lo
g
g
e
r
to
p
u
t
h
is
o
w
n
b
lo
g
g
i
n
g
a
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
class
if
icat
io
n
s
u
c
h
as "
d
iar
y
"
,
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
a
n
d
o
th
er
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
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N:
2502
-
4752
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ffective
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f th
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s
e
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k)
Sear
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l)
L
i
n
k
s
:
T
h
ese
lin
k
s
ar
e
tr
ac
k
e
d
b
y
th
e
b
lo
g
g
er
an
d
w
a
n
t
to
b
e
s
h
ar
ed
b
y
v
i
s
ito
r
s
to
h
is
b
l
o
g
.
T
h
ese
lin
k
s
m
a
y
b
e
te
x
tu
a
l,
i
m
a
g
e
li
n
k
s
,
o
r
lin
k
s
to
v
id
eo
s
.
6
.
4
.
T
y
pes
o
f
E
lect
ro
nic B
lo
g
s
I
n
[
3
]
p
o
in
ts
o
u
t
t
h
at
b
lo
g
s
ca
n
b
e
ca
teg
o
r
ized
i
n
to
s
e
v
e
r
al
t
y
p
es
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
s
e
v
er
al
ax
es
a
n
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
b
l
o
g
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sh
o
w
s
t
h
e
t
y
p
es o
f
b
lo
g
s
6
.
5
.
I
n
[
1
8
]
po
ints t
o
t
hree
t
y
pes
o
f
blo
g
s
t
ha
t
a
re
f
re
qu
ent
ly
us
ed
in cla
s
s
ro
o
m
s
:
a)
T
ea
ch
er
'
s
B
lo
g
s
:
T
h
is
is
w
h
at
th
e
teac
h
er
d
eter
m
i
n
es
a
n
d
w
o
r
k
s
o
n
,
s
u
c
h
as
e
x
p
lo
r
in
g
s
ites
a
n
d
ex
ch
a
n
g
in
g
v
ie
w
s
v
ia
t
h
e
I
n
te
r
n
et
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
b
u
t
to
n
s
to
s
u
s
p
en
d
ac
ce
s
s
to
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
cu
r
r
icu
l
u
m
.
b)
L
ea
r
n
er
's
B
lo
g
s
:
T
h
is
allo
w
s
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
en
t
to
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
p
ar
tici
p
a
te,
w
h
er
e
h
e
ca
n
ad
d
h
is
id
ea
s
,
an
d
t
h
u
s
en
co
u
r
ag
e
s
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
to
ex
p
r
es
s
th
e
m
s
el
v
e
s
.
c)
T
ea
ch
er
'
s
C
o
d
e
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
:
Her
e
is
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
s
h
ar
i
n
g
t
h
e
co
d
e
b
y
th
e
teac
h
er
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
an
d
th
is
b
lo
g
en
co
u
r
ag
e
s
s
t
u
d
en
ts
to
c
ar
r
y
o
u
t
th
e
d
is
s
e
m
in
a
tio
n
o
f
i
m
ag
e
s
a
n
d
m
es
s
ag
e
s
,
an
d
t
h
is
t
y
p
e
o
f
co
d
es
ca
n
f
ac
i
litate
t
h
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
b
a
s
ed
o
n
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
.
7.
ADVA
N
T
A
G
E
S O
F
E
L
E
CT
RO
NIC B
L
O
G
S
a)
E
as
y
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
as
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
n
ee
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
o
r
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
lan
g
u
ag
e
w
h
er
e
th
er
e
ar
e
a
lo
t o
f
m
o
ld
r
ea
d
y
t
o
h
elp
in
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
cr
ea
tio
n
.
b)
Help
b
r
ea
k
t
h
e
ti
m
e
an
d
s
p
ac
e
b
ar
r
ier
,
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
b
lo
g
g
er
c
an
p
er
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
co
d
if
icatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
at
a
n
y
ti
m
e
h
e
ch
o
o
s
es,
w
h
et
h
er
at
n
i
g
h
t o
r
d
a
y
.
c)
Av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
w
it
h
th
e
p
u
b
lic,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
ca
lle
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
p
u
b
lic
ca
n
co
m
m
e
n
t
o
n
th
e
is
s
u
e
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
.
d)
C
o
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
s
av
e
ti
m
e
a
n
d
e
f
f
o
r
t
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
co
d
i
f
ic
atio
n
a
n
d
p
r
in
ti
n
g
,
a
n
d
h
elp
t
o
p
r
eser
v
e
t
h
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t b
y
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
th
e
w
a
s
te
p
ap
er
f
o
r
p
r
in
tin
g
.
e)
P
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
e
o
f
a
u
t
o
m
a
tic
e
x
ten
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
w
r
iti
n
g
s
a
n
d
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
,
w
h
ic
h
h
e
lp
s
th
e
w
r
iter
o
r
co
n
tin
en
ta
l r
ef
er
en
ce
to
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
ec
t h
e
w
an
t
s
at
an
y
ti
m
e
o
f
h
i
s
ch
o
ice.
f)
T
h
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
u
s
in
g
m
u
l
ti
m
ed
ia
(
tex
t,
i
m
ag
e
s
,
au
d
io
,
v
i
d
eo
)
is
av
ailab
le
in
th
e
b
lo
g
g
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
g)
C
o
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
p
r
eser
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
co
p
y
r
ig
h
t a
n
d
p
r
in
ti
n
g
o
f
w
r
itin
g
s
an
d
p
u
b
licati
o
n
s
.
h)
B
lo
g
s
h
elp
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
'
s
el
f
-
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
b
y
cr
ea
t
in
g
a
s
p
ir
it o
f
ch
alle
n
g
e
f
o
r
s
t
u
d
en
ts
.
i)
B
lo
g
g
i
n
g
is
a
co
n
t
in
u
o
u
s
a
s
s
ess
m
e
n
t
to
o
l
f
o
r
s
t
u
d
en
t
lea
r
n
in
g
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
b
lo
g
g
in
g
,
t
h
e
teac
h
er
ca
n
ev
alu
a
te
all
th
a
t th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t h
a
s
ad
d
ed
to
th
e
co
d
e
s
in
ce
th
e
b
eg
in
n
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
co
u
r
s
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2502
-
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I
n
d
o
n
esia
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J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
20
20
:
4
8
9
-
499
494
8.
T
H
E
US
E
O
F
E
L
E
C
T
RO
N
I
C
B
L
O
G
S I
N
T
H
E
E
DUC
A
T
I
O
NA
L
P
RO
CE
SS
I
n
[
1
9
]
r
ef
er
to
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ar
ea
s
i
n
w
h
ic
h
b
lo
g
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
:
a)
E
x
p
lan
atio
n
o
f
co
u
r
s
es
:
w
h
er
e
th
e
teac
h
er
ca
n
p
u
t
t
h
e
co
n
ten
t
o
f
t
h
e
co
u
r
s
e
th
at
i
s
tau
g
h
t
w
it
h
in
t
h
e
co
d
e
o
f
h
i
s
o
w
n
,
a
n
d
d
ir
ec
t
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
to
ac
ce
s
s
h
is
b
lo
g
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
b
en
ef
it
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
n
te
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
co
u
r
s
e
an
d
th
e
d
is
s
o
l
u
tio
n
o
f
d
u
tie
s
,
an
d
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ca
n
w
r
ite
th
e
ir
co
m
m
e
n
t
s
,
an
d
th
e
teac
h
er
ca
n
b
en
ef
it
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t o
f
th
e
co
d
e
f
o
r
m
u
lti
m
ed
ia
u
s
e
t
h
at
I
n
clu
d
i
n
g
tex
t,
i
m
a
g
es,
a
u
d
io
an
d
v
id
eo
,
an
d
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t f
ee
d
b
ac
k
.
b)
I
n
class
r
o
o
m
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t:
I
t
i
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
u
s
e
b
lo
g
s
as
an
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
o
r
tal
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
o
f
an
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
,
w
h
ich
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
d
eliv
er
co
u
r
s
es
an
d
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
to
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
,
o
r
t
o
in
f
o
r
m
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
o
f
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
.
c)
R
esear
ch
in
co
lle
g
es
a
n
d
u
n
i
v
er
s
itie
s
:
T
h
e
b
lo
g
o
cc
u
p
ies
a
n
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
r
o
le
in
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
w
i
th
th
e
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
a
n
d
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
t
h
e
y
n
ee
d
to
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
t
h
e
ir
r
esear
ch
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
I
n
ter
n
e
t,
s
o
th
e
b
lo
g
s
b
ec
a
m
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
o
ls
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
er
s
to
co
m
p
l
ete
th
eir
r
esear
ch
.
d)
I
n
tr
ai
n
in
g
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
a
n
d
teac
h
er
s
in
h
u
m
il
iati
n
g
s
k
ill
s
:
I
t
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
u
s
e
b
lo
g
s
to
tr
ai
n
teac
h
er
s
a
n
d
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
o
n
s
o
m
e
tec
h
n
ical
s
k
i
lls
s
u
ch
a
s
th
e
s
k
il
ls
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
s
o
m
e
m
o
d
er
n
ele
ctr
o
n
ic
d
ev
ice
s
.
e)
C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
tin
g
w
it
h
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
an
d
ass
ig
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
d
u
ties
:
I
t
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
u
s
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
b
lo
g
s
to
i
n
f
o
r
m
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
o
f
t
h
eir
m
ea
l
s
,
ev
e
n
i
n
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
f
o
r
p
er
m
a
n
en
t
r
ea
s
o
n
s
to
b
r
ea
k
th
e
ex
c
u
s
e
s
f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
as
well
as
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
co
d
e
to
d
i
s
p
la
y
ad
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
teac
h
in
g
al
o
n
e,
P
ar
en
ts
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
d
to
th
eir
in
q
u
ir
ies.
f)
Stu
d
e
n
t
ac
h
ie
v
e
m
e
n
t
f
i
les
(
el
ec
tr
o
n
ic
b
ag
s
)
:
I
t
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
u
s
e
b
lo
g
s
to
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
ac
h
iev
e
m
en
t
s
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
a
n
d
to
e
v
alu
a
te
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
t
h
eir
s
k
il
ls
;
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
t
h
at
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
w
ill
b
e
m
o
r
e
in
ter
es
ted
in
th
eir
r
esu
lts
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
y
k
n
o
w
it
w
i
ll b
e
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
o
n
th
e
I
n
ter
n
et
b
y
th
eir
n
a
m
e
s
.
g)
I
n
p
u
b
lic
lib
r
ar
ies
a
n
d
u
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
lib
r
ar
ies:
B
lo
g
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
to
d
is
s
e
m
i
n
ate
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
b
o
u
t
b
o
o
k
s
in
lib
r
ar
ies an
d
w
h
at
s
er
v
ices t
h
e
y
p
r
o
v
id
e.
h)
Me
an
s
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
:
B
l
o
g
s
ar
e
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
an
d
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
m
ea
n
s
o
f
d
is
s
e
m
i
n
ati
n
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
etter
th
an
p
ap
er
co
p
ies (
tex
tb
o
o
k
s
)
.
i)
a
m
ea
n
s
o
f
as
s
is
ta
n
ce
f
o
r
d
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
a
n
d
d
ialo
g
u
e:
I
t
i
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
u
s
e
b
lo
g
s
as
a
m
ea
n
s
o
f
ass
is
ta
n
ce
f
o
r
d
ialo
g
u
e
w
h
e
n
a
c
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
o
r
s
u
b
j
ec
t
n
ee
d
s
a
lo
t
o
f
ti
m
e
to
d
i
s
cu
s
s
t
h
e
i
n
ter
lo
cu
to
r
,
s
o
p
u
t
tin
g
th
is
s
u
b
j
ec
t
in
th
e
b
lo
g
an
d
o
p
en
t
h
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
to
s
t
u
d
en
ts
w
il
l
h
elp
s
av
e
ti
m
e
f
o
r
th
e
lectu
r
e
an
d
w
ill
h
elp
d
is
cu
s
s
th
e
s
u
b
j
ec
t I
n
all
its
a
s
p
ec
ts
.
j)
B
lo
g
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
cr
ea
te
an
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
e
o
f
m
u
t
u
al
co
o
p
er
atio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
b
a
s
ed
o
n
m
u
t
u
al
r
esp
ec
t b
y
f
o
llo
w
in
g
u
p
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
w
i
th
t
h
eir
co
lleag
u
es
'
b
lo
g
s
an
d
co
m
m
en
tin
g
o
n
t
h
e
m
.
9.
E
DUCA
T
I
O
N
AL
O
B
J
E
CT
I
VE
S O
F
B
L
O
G
S
I
n
[
1
4
,
1
1
]
s
e
e
th
at
e
-
b
lo
g
g
i
n
g
ai
m
s
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
g
o
als
th
a
t
co
n
ce
r
n
t
h
e
t
ea
ch
er
an
d
s
tu
d
e
n
t a
n
d
t
h
e
co
n
te
n
t o
f
t
h
e
cu
r
r
icu
l
u
m
a
n
d
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
:
a)
C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
te
th
e
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
an
d
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
en
ts
'
ac
ad
e
m
ic
co
u
r
s
es
a
n
d
h
e
lp
th
e
s
t
u
d
en
ts
co
m
m
u
n
icate
w
it
h
t
h
e
teac
h
er
s
o
u
ts
id
e
t
h
e
class
r
o
o
m
w
a
lls
.
b)
P
r
o
v
id
e
teac
h
er
s
w
ith
t
h
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
it
y
to
b
r
o
w
s
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t
b
lo
g
s
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
en
co
u
r
ag
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
ti
m
u
lat
in
g
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
.
c)
Help
s
b
lo
g
g
i
n
g
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
o
r
e
cr
ea
tiv
it
y
i
n
t
h
e
cu
r
r
ic
u
l
u
m
th
a
n
t
h
o
s
e
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
o
ld
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
d)
B
lo
g
s
h
e
lp
in
th
e
ex
c
h
a
n
g
e
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
u
c
h
as
:
t
h
e
d
is
s
e
m
i
n
atio
n
o
f
l
in
k
s
to
s
ite
s
u
s
e
f
u
l
to
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
an
d
en
co
u
r
a
g
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etw
ee
n
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
an
d
t
h
eir
teac
h
e
r
s
an
d
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
w
i
th
ea
c
h
o
th
e
r
.
9
.
1
.
Seco
nd
:
P
re
v
io
us
Studi
es
9
.
1
.
1
I
n
[
2
0
]
Study
:
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ai
m
ed
to
k
n
o
w
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
b
lo
g
s
i
n
u
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
w
h
at
ca
n
b
e
ad
d
ed
to
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
cla
s
s
r
o
o
m
.
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
s
a
m
p
le
in
cl
u
d
ed
(
2
4
)
g
r
ad
u
ate
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
at
t
h
e
C
o
lle
g
e
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
at
Ho
n
g
Ko
n
g
U
n
i
v
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r
s
it
y
,
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
u
s
ed
th
e
co
d
e
to
d
is
cu
s
s
to
p
ics
r
elate
d
to
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
to
u
s
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
i
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
co
d
e
h
elp
ed
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
t
u
d
en
ts
'
ac
ad
em
ic
ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
al
s
o
s
tr
es
s
ed
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
t
h
e
co
d
e
an
d
h
elp
ed
th
e
m
f
ac
i
litat
e
th
eir
w
o
r
k
.
Mo
s
t
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
ex
p
r
ess
ed
th
eir
d
esire
to
w
o
r
k
.
B
lo
g
s
o
f
th
eir
o
w
n
in
th
e
f
u
t
u
r
e.
9.
1
.
2
F
a
w
zia
Al
-
M
a
dh
o
un
i's
s
t
ud
y
[
3
]
:
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ai
m
ed
to
id
en
tify
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
o
f
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
d
es
in
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
ac
ad
em
ic
ac
h
ie
v
e
m
en
t
an
d
to
w
ar
d
s
it
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
en
ts
o
f
Qass
i
m
Un
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
u
s
ed
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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T
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7
2
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f
e
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t
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w
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f
o
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w
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g
:
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ex
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ta
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(
w
h
o
s
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d
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u
s
i
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g
t
h
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
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an
d
t
h
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s
t
u
d
en
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o
f
t
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co
n
tr
o
l
g
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o
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p
(
w
h
o
s
tu
d
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e
u
s
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al
w
a
y
)
i
n
th
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ac
h
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e
m
en
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test
to
s
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ar
ate
th
e
i
n
n
o
v
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o
f
lear
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in
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tec
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iq
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i
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f
a
v
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r
o
f
th
e
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x
p
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m
e
n
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g
r
o
u
p
.
9
.
1
.
3
Sa
lwa
Al
M
a
s
ri's
Stud
y
(
2
0
1
1
)
:
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
w
as
d
esi
g
n
ed
to
id
en
ti
f
y
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t
iv
e
n
es
s
o
f
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
n
ed
u
ca
tio
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al
co
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in
r
is
e
th
e
ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
tu
d
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ts
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
ep
ar
at
o
r
y
s
ta
g
e
o
f
ab
s
tr
ac
t
co
n
ce
p
ts
in
co
m
p
u
ter
m
a
ter
i
al
an
d
to
w
ar
d
s
t
h
e
m
ater
ial.
T
h
e
r
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ch
s
a
m
p
l
e
co
n
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is
ted
o
f
3
5
s
tu
d
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.
T
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d
ata
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c
h
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in
to
t
w
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tr
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(
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r
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n
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Go
v
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ate
/
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k
k
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t.
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ch
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t
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ex
p
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m
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m
et
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to
ap
p
ly
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e
r
esear
ch
ex
p
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ce
.
T
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e
r
esu
l
ts
o
f
t
h
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s
t
u
d
y
s
h
o
w
ed
:
a.
T
h
er
e
w
er
e
s
tati
s
ticall
y
s
i
g
n
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f
ican
t
d
if
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er
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h
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ev
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f
(
0
.
0
5
)
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et
w
ee
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t
h
e
m
ea
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ex
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p
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r
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p
in
t
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p
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-
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s
t g
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p
(
ex
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.
b.
T
h
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n
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f
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if
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s
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0
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e
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x
p
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m
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tal
g
r
o
u
p
.
9
.
1
.
4
K
et
chik
a
rno
[
1
8
]
:
T
h
e
p
er
p
o
s
e
o
f
s
t
u
d
y
w
a
s
id
e
n
ti
f
y
th
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i
m
p
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t
o
f
t
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u
s
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elec
tr
o
n
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b
lo
g
s
in
th
e
d
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v
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o
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t
o
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s
k
ill
s
i
n
E
n
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li
s
h
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
s
a
m
p
le
co
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s
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ted
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f
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3
3
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tu
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(
6
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g
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5
-
6
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,
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d
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to
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9
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2
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7
Sea
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:
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T
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s
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1.
T
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r
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am
p
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w
as
s
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f
r
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m
t
h
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d
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tag
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th
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Dep
ar
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t
o
f
B
io
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g
y
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o
lleg
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f
E
d
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T
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r
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h
s
a
m
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f
(
3
6
)
s
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in
to
t
w
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ex
p
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m
en
ta
l
g
r
o
u
p
:
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
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f
(
1
8
)
s
tu
d
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ts
s
tu
d
y
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n
g
u
s
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n
g
th
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
co
d
e.
3.
C
o
n
tr
o
l g
r
o
u
p
: r
ej
ec
ted
b
y
(
1
8
)
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
t
u
d
y
i
n
g
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
(
tr
ad
itio
n
al)
.
4.
T
h
e
co
m
p
u
ter
lab
h
a
s
b
ee
n
s
et
u
p
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
(
2
0
)
co
m
p
u
t
er
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
in
ter
n
et
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
g
r
o
u
p
i
s
ta
u
g
h
t
in
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
ter
lab
.
T
h
e
co
n
t
r
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
w
ill
r
e
m
ai
n
i
n
t
h
e
class
r
o
o
m
an
d
b
e
tau
g
h
t i
n
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
a
l
w
a
y
.
5.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
h
eld
a
m
ee
t
in
g
w
it
h
th
e
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
g
r
o
u
p
in
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
lab
i
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
ex
p
lain
an
d
clar
if
y
s
o
m
e
p
o
in
ts
:
a.
Def
i
n
e
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
o
f
th
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
en
tal
g
r
o
u
p
i
n
th
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
co
d
e
an
d
its
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
b.
A
d
d
in
g
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
g
r
o
u
p
to
th
e
b
lo
g
s
o
th
at
t
h
e
y
ca
n
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
it.
c.
Def
i
n
e
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
en
ts
o
f
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
g
r
o
u
p
h
o
w
to
e
n
ter
t
h
e
b
lo
g
,
h
o
w
to
w
r
ite
co
m
m
e
n
ts
,
an
d
h
o
w
to
s
en
d
d.
Dis
tr
ib
u
te
a
ca
r
d
to
th
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
g
r
o
u
p
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
t
h
e
e
-
m
ail
(
Go
o
g
l
e)
an
d
p
ass
w
o
r
d
f
o
r
ea
c
h
s
t
u
d
en
t,
an
d
t
h
e
titl
e
o
f
t
h
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
d
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
ter
.
(
h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
a
b
d
a
lm
o
n
e
m
2
0
1
8
.
b
l
o
g
s
p
o
t
.
c
o
m
)
.
6.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
tau
g
h
t
t
h
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
f
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
g
r
o
u
p
u
s
in
g
th
e
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
al
b
lo
g
b
y
t
w
o
h
o
u
r
s
ea
c
h
w
ee
k
.
7.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
tau
g
h
t
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
en
ts
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
tr
ad
itio
n
al
teac
h
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
t
w
o
h
o
u
r
s
ea
ch
w
ee
k
.
8.
T
h
e
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
g
r
o
u
p
s
tar
ted
o
n
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
d
a
y
t
h
at
t
h
e
teac
h
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
w
a
s
s
tar
ted
.
T
h
e
teac
h
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
t
w
o
g
r
o
u
p
s
w
as
co
m
p
leted
at
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
d
ates o
f
tea
ch
in
g
t
h
e
t
w
o
g
r
o
u
p
s
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
E
ffective
n
ess
o
f th
e
u
s
e
o
f e
lectro
n
ic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l b
lo
g
s
in
tea
ch
in
g
…
(
A
b
d
u
l Mu
n
em
Ha
s
a
n
A
h
med
A
li
)
497
T
a
b
l
e
2
.
S
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
d
a
t
e
s
o
f
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
t
h
e
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
a
n
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
s
L
e
s
s
o
n
t
i
m
e
g
r
o
u
p
D
a
y
8
-
1
0
A
.
M
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
M
o
n
d
a
y
11
-
1
P
.
M
E
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
9.
Af
ter
th
e
en
d
o
f
t
h
e
teac
h
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
w
h
ic
h
last
ed
f
i
v
e
w
ee
k
s
,
t
h
e
f
i
n
al
test
w
as
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
o
f
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
g
r
o
u
p
s
(
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l)
.
.
10.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
r
e
-
ap
p
lied
th
e
f
i
n
al
te
s
t
to
t
h
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
o
f
th
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
g
r
o
u
p
a
n
d
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
af
ter
(
th
r
ee
w
ee
k
s
)
t
h
e
ap
p
lica
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
T
est,
s
o
as
to
b
e
test
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
r
eten
tio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
i
n
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
w
i
th
o
u
t
g
iv
i
n
g
an
y
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
d
ate
o
f
t
h
e
test
an
d
w
it
h
o
u
t
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
t
h
e
m
w
it
h
an
y
I
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
o
n
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
m
a
ter
ial
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
er
io
d
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
t
w
o
T
ests
.
11.
Statis
t
ical
Me
t
h
o
d
s
:
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
g
et
t
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
o
f
r
ese
ar
ch
an
d
a
n
al
y
s
is
o
f
e
v
id
en
c
e
u
s
ed
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
tati
s
tical
m
et
h
o
d
s
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
s
tatis
tical
p
ac
k
a
g
es
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
(
SP
SS
)
.
12.
P
r
esen
tatio
n
an
d
d
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
r
esu
l
ts
:
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
h
y
p
o
th
e
s
is
:
T
h
er
e
wer
e
s
tatis
ticall
y
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
s
at
th
e
lev
e
l
(
0
.
0
5
)
b
e
t
w
ee
n
th
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
g
r
o
u
p
an
d
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
s
tu
d
en
t
s
i
n
t
h
e
f
in
al
ac
h
ie
v
e
m
en
t
test
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
.
T
o
test
th
e
v
alid
it
y
o
f
t
h
is
h
y
p
o
th
esis
,
t
h
e
T
-
T
est
w
a
s
u
s
ed
to
d
en
o
te
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
ce
s
b
etw
ee
n
t
h
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
a
n
d
h
eter
o
g
e
n
eo
u
s
s
a
m
p
le
s
i
n
T
ab
le
3
.
T
ab
le
3
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
t
h
er
e
ar
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
at
t
h
e
lev
el
o
f
(
0
.
0
5
)
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
ta
l
g
r
o
u
p
s
tu
d
ied
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
b
lo
g
s
a
n
d
th
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
s
tu
d
en
t
s
w
h
o
s
t
u
d
ied
u
s
in
g
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
a
l
m
eth
o
d
o
f
th
e
p
o
s
t
-
ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t te
s
t in
f
a
v
o
r
o
f
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
g
r
o
u
p
.
1.
T
h
is
ca
n
b
e
attr
ib
u
ted
to
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
d
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
ese
n
tatio
n
o
f
attr
ac
ti
v
e
a
n
d
in
ter
esti
n
g
co
n
ten
t
co
m
p
u
ter
m
ater
ial
to
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
lectu
r
es,
p
h
o
to
s
,
m
u
lti
m
ed
ia
a
n
d
v
id
eo
clip
s
,
in
a
d
d
itio
n
to
ea
s
y
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
b
lo
g
,
all
o
f
t
h
i
s
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
to
th
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
al
ac
h
iev
e
m
en
t
o
f
s
t
u
d
en
ts
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
g
r
o
u
p
.
2.
T
h
is
f
i
n
d
in
g
is
i
n
li
n
e
w
it
h
th
e
[
2
0
,
3
,
2
1
-
2
3
]
.
a.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
h
y
p
o
t
h
esi
s
:
T
h
er
e
ar
e
n
o
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
at
t
h
e
le
v
el
o
f
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
ce
(
0
.
0
5
)
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es
o
f
t
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ta
l
g
r
o
u
p
a
n
d
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
in
t
h
e
r
eten
tio
n
test
o
f
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
u
ter
.
T
ab
le
4
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
th
er
e
ar
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
at
th
e
l
ev
el
o
f
s
i
g
n
if
ican
ce
(
0
.
0
5
)
b
e
t
w
ee
n
th
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es
o
f
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
g
r
o
u
p
s
t
u
d
ied
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
b
lo
g
s
an
d
th
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
s
tu
d
en
ts
w
h
o
s
t
u
d
ied
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
class
ic
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
r
etain
in
g
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
g
r
o
u
p
[
2
4
,
2
5
]
.
T
ab
le
3
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es o
f
t
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ta
l
g
r
o
u
p
an
d
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l g
r
o
u
p
in
th
e
p
o
s
t
-
tes
t o
f
s
ch
o
last
ic
ac
h
ie
v
e
m
en
t
S
t
a
t
i
st
i
c
a
l
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
P
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
V
a
l
u
e
(
S
i
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[
2
6
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2502
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
20
20
:
4
8
9
-
499
498
10.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
NS
First,
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
b
lo
g
s
in
teac
h
i
n
g
co
m
p
u
ter
s
'
less
o
n
h
ad
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
p
o
s
itiv
e
ef
f
ec
t
i
n
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
th
e
ac
h
ie
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
i
n
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
y
ea
r
in
co
m
p
u
ter
'
s
le
s
s
o
n
.
S
ec
o
n
d
,
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
b
lo
g
s
i
n
teac
h
i
n
g
co
m
p
u
ter
s
'
le
s
s
o
n
h
ad
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
p
o
s
itiv
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
r
eten
t
io
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
m
o
n
g
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
in
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
y
ea
r
f
o
r
a
lo
n
g
er
p
er
io
d
.
L
ast,
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
b
lo
g
s
i
n
teac
h
i
n
g
co
m
p
u
ter
's
les
s
o
n
,
a
n
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
a
n
d
u
s
e
f
u
l
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
b
ec
au
s
e
it
en
s
u
r
es
t
h
at
t
h
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t
ac
ce
s
s
to
ad
d
itio
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
en
h
a
n
ce
t
h
e
ex
p
la
n
ato
r
y
m
ater
ial
tau
g
h
t
in
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
lectu
r
e.
11.
RE
CO
M
M
E
NDATI
O
N
S
1.
W
o
r
k
o
n
h
o
ld
in
g
tr
ai
n
i
n
g
co
u
r
s
es
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
r
aise
a
w
ar
en
e
s
s
an
d
en
co
u
r
ag
e
teac
h
i
n
g
s
ta
f
f
in
u
n
i
v
er
s
itie
s
to
u
s
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
b
lo
g
s
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
teac
h
in
g
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
f
ac
ilit
a
te
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
2.
T
h
e
n
ee
d
to
tr
ain
s
t
u
d
en
ts
i
n
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
ties
o
n
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
b
lo
g
s
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
b
en
ef
it
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
i
n
t
h
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
3.
Su
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
n
e
w
tr
en
d
f
o
r
th
e
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
m
o
d
er
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ica
l
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
w
i
th
i
n
t
h
e
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
p
r
o
m
o
t
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
tr
e
n
d
s
to
w
ar
d
s
u
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
4.
I
t
is
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
h
a
v
e
ea
ch
te
ac
h
in
g
elec
tr
o
n
ic
co
d
e
o
f
its
o
w
n
,
w
h
ic
h
i
n
cl
u
d
es
th
e
co
n
te
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
m
ater
ial
t
h
at
is
t
au
g
h
t i
n
a
d
d
itio
n
to
lectu
r
es a
n
d
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
f
o
r
th
e
b
en
e
f
it o
f
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
.
5.
Nee
d
in
g
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
i
n
teg
r
ated
co
m
p
u
ter
lab
o
r
ato
r
ies
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
w
it
h
t
h
e
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
I
n
ter
n
et
s
er
v
ice
in
th
o
s
e
lab
o
r
ato
r
ies.
I
t
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
s
o
ciet
y
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
t
h
at
m
o
d
er
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
s
h
av
e
b
ec
o
m
e
a
r
ea
lit
y
t
h
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
d
ea
lt
w
i
th
.
I
t
is
n
o
lo
n
g
er
a
n
o
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
o
ciet
y
m
u
s
t
tr
y
to
c
h
an
g
e
t
h
e
o
ld
v
ie
w
o
f
t
h
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
to
a
n
e
w
an
d
o
p
en
th
in
k
in
g
t
h
at
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
s
to
b
u
ild
in
g
a
m
o
d
er
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
g
e
n
er
atio
n
w
i
th
d
is
tin
ct
tec
h
n
ical
s
k
ill
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
A
b
d
e
l
Ba
ss
e
t,
Hu
ss
e
in
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
A
h
m
e
d
.
Is
th
e
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
d
e
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
v
a
lu
e
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le
o
n
th
e
site
o
n
,
2
0
1
1
,
1
6
/
1
2
/
2
0
1
7
:
h
t
tp
:
//
h
u
ss
a
in
b
a
se
t.
b
l
o
g
sp
o
t.
c
o
m
[2
]
F
a
ra
j,
A
b
d
u
l
Ra
h
m
a
n
.
Blo
g
g
in
g
w
it
h
sp
e
c
ial
r
e
f
e
re
n
c
e
to
th
e
c
o
d
e
s
o
f
li
b
ra
ries
a
n
d
li
b
ra
ries
,
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s,
2
0
0
6
,
No
.
1
4
a
v
a
il
a
b
le o
n
h
tt
p
:
//
ww
w
.
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
c
s.g
o
v
.
sa
/
de
tails.p
h
p
?
id
=
1
4
1
[3
]
M
a
d
h
o
u
n
i,
F
a
w
z
ia.
Eff
e
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
o
f
th
e
u
se
o
f
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
d
e
s
i
n
th
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
c
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
d
irec
ti
o
n
to
w
a
rd
s
th
e
stu
d
e
n
ts
o
f
th
e
U
n
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Qa
ss
i
m
,
u
n
p
u
b
l
ish
e
d
P
h
D
t
h
e
sis,
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
Cu
rricu
l
u
m
a
n
d
In
stru
c
ti
o
n
,
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
Qa
ss
i
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Qa
s
si
m
,
S
a
u
d
i
A
ra
b
ia,
2
0
1
0
.
[4
]
T
e
k
in
a
rsla
n
,
e
.”
Re
f
lec
ti
o
n
o
n
e
ffe
c
ts
o
f
b
lo
g
g
in
g
o
n
stu
d
e
n
ts
a
c
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
a
c
q
u
isit
io
n
in
issu
e
s
o
f
in
stru
c
ti
o
n
a
l
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
”,
2
0
1
0
,
v
o
l.
7
.
n
o
(
1
1
)
,
p
p
.
3
3
-
4
5
.
[5
]
Al
-
G
h
a
m
d
i,
F
a
rid
a
n
d
S
a
le
m
,
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
.
“
A
stra
t
e
g
ic
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
u
sin
g
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
d
e
s
in
d
e
v
e
lo
p
in
g
c
rit
ica
l
th
in
k
in
g
sk
il
ls
a
n
d
m
a
in
tain
in
g
th
e
im
p
a
c
t
o
f
lea
rn
in
g
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
stu
d
e
n
ts
o
f
Isla
m
ic
d
isc
ip
li
n
e
s
a
t
th
e
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
Um
m
A
l
-
Qu
ra
Un
iv
e
r
sity
,
A
l
Ri
y
a
d
h
,
S
a
u
d
i
A
ra
b
ia
”
,
2
0
1
0
.
[6
]
L
i,
e
t
a
l.
“
Blo
g
g
in
g
F
o
r
T
e
a
c
h
in
g
A
n
d
L
e
a
rn
in
g
:A
n
Ex
a
m
in
a
ti
o
n
Of
Ex
p
e
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c
e
A
tt
it
u
d
e
s
A
n
d
L
e
v
e
ls
Of
T
h
in
k
in
g
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Co
n
tem
p
o
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ry
Ed
u
c
a
ti
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l
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
”
,
2
0
1
3
,
4
(3
)
,
1
7
2
-
1
8
6
[7
]
Br
y
a
n
t,
T
o
d
d
.
S
o
c
ial
so
f
t
w
a
re
in
a
c
a
d
e
m
ia.
e
d
u
c
a
u
se
re
v
iew
,
2
0
0
6
,
2
9
(2
),
6
1
-
6
4
h
tt
p
:
//
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ir
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ry
/
pdf
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m
0
6
2
7
.
p
d
f
[8
]
O
m
ra
n
,
Kh
a
li
d
A
b
d
u
l
L
a
ti
f
M
o
h
a
m
m
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d
.
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Eff
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c
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ss
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f
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se
o
f
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c
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th
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c
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it
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lo
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n
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ra
p
h
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l
a
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d
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o
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v
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ti
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se
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rc
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sk
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ts
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t
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f
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ra
d
e
se
c
o
n
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ry
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e
d
u
c
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ti
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m
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z
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e
,
2
0
1
2
,
No
.
3
1
,
A
ra
b
i
A
[9
]
S
a
id
i,
Om
a
r
b
in
S
a
le
m
.
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e
c
ti
v
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ss
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f
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se
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f
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c
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ti
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d
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s
in
th
e
d
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lo
p
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n
t
o
f
c
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it
iv
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a
c
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ie
v
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m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
s
k
il
ls
o
f
c
las
sro
o
m
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
u
n
p
u
b
l
ish
e
d
m
a
ste
r
th
e
sis,
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
Cu
rricu
lu
m
a
n
d
T
e
a
c
h
in
g
M
e
th
o
d
s,
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
A
l
-
A
z
h
a
r
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Ca
iro
,
Eg
y
p
t,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
0
]
Zeito
u
n
,
Ka
m
a
l
A
b
d
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l
-
Ha
m
id
.
T
e
a
c
h
in
g
h
is
sk
il
ls,
Ca
iro
,
t
h
e
w
o
rld
o
f
b
o
o
k
s,
2
0
0
2
.
[1
1
]
A
b
d
u
l
Ba
ss
e
t,
Hu
ss
a
in
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
.
“
Re
a
li
t
y
a
n
d
P
re
se
n
tatio
n
s
f
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r
th
e
Us
e
o
f
Blo
g
g
in
g
in
Tea
c
h
i
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g
b
y
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c
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rs
a
n
d
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a
c
h
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rs
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f
S
o
c
ial
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c
ien
c
e
s
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n
S
a
u
d
i
A
ra
b
ia
”
.
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
Psy
c
h
o
lo
g
ica
l
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
2
0
1
3
,
V
o
l
.
(1
4
)
,
No
.
2
,
Ca
iro
,
Eg
y
p
t.
[1
2
]
Ox
f
o
rd
,
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
Lea
r
n
e
rs
Dic
ti
o
n
a
ry
O
f
Cu
rre
n
t
En
g
li
sh
,
F
if
th
E
d
it
io
n
By
Ja
n
a
T
h
a
n
Cro
th
e
rs
Ox
f
o
rd
,
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
P
re
ss
,
1
9
9
8
.
[1
3
]
Ha
las
a
h
,
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
.
T
h
e
Us
e
o
f
N
GO
s
in
th
e
G
a
z
a
S
tri
p
f
o
r
S
o
c
ial
Ne
t
w
o
rk
in
g
in
En
h
a
n
c
in
g
th
e
ir
Re
latio
n
sh
ip
w
it
h
th
e
P
u
b
li
c
,
M
a
ste
r
T
h
e
sis,
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
Co
m
m
e
rc
e
,
Isla
m
i
c
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
G
a
z
a
,
P
a
les
ti
n
e
,
2
0
1
3
.
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