I
n
d
on
e
s
i
an
Jo
u
r
n
al
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
al
En
gi
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
an
d
C
o
m
p
u
te
r
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
V
o
l
.
21
,
N
o
.
1
,
J
a
n
u
a
r
y
2021
,
pp
.
4
65~
47
1
IS
S
N
:
25
02
-
4752
,
D
O
I
:
10.
1
1591
/
i
j
e
e
c
s
.
v
21
.i
1
.
pp
465
-
471
465
Jou
r
n
al
h
o
m
e
pa
ge
:
ht
t
p:
/
/
i
j
e
e
c
s
.
i
a
e
s
c
or
e
.
c
om
E
n
e
r
g
y
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
h
i
e
r
a
r
c
h
i
c
a
l
b
a
sed
f
i
sh
e
y
e
st
a
t
e
r
o
u
t
i
n
g
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
f
o
r
f
l
y
i
n
g
Ad
-
h
o
c
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
M
u
h
amm
ad
A
b
u
l
H
as
s
an
,
S
ye
d
I
r
fan
U
l
l
ah
,
A
b
d
u
s
S
al
am
,
A
r
b
ab
Waji
d
U
l
l
ah
,
M
u
h
am
m
ad
I
m
ad
,
F
ar
h
at
U
l
l
ah
D
e
pa
r
t
m
e
n
t
of
C
o
m
put
i
ng
a
nd
T
e
c
hno
l
o
gy
,
A
ba
s
y
n
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
P
e
s
ha
w
a
r
,
P
a
k
i
s
t
a
n
A
r
ti
c
l
e
I
n
fo
A
B
S
TR
A
C
T
Ar
t
i
c
l
e
h
i
s
t
or
y
:
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
A
pr
4
,
2020
R
e
v
i
s
e
d
J
ul
8
,
2020
A
c
c
e
pt
e
d
J
u
l
23
,
2020
F
l
y
i
ng
Ad
-
h
o
c
ne
t
w
o
r
ks
a
r
e
e
m
e
r
g
e
nt
a
r
e
a
in
Ad
-
hoc
ne
t
w
o
r
ks
e
v
o
l
v
e
d
f
r
o
m
M
A
N
E
T
s
a
nd
V
A
N
E
T
s
.
S
m
a
l
l
u
nm
a
nn
e
d
a
e
r
i
a
l
v
e
hi
c
l
e
s
(
U
A
V
s
)
a
r
e
u
s
e
d
in
F
A
N
E
T
s
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
o
ns
a
nd
t
he
s
e
s
m
a
l
l
U
A
V
s
ha
v
e
l
i
m
i
t
e
d
r
e
s
o
ur
c
e
s
w
hi
l
e
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nt
l
y
ut
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
of
t
he
s
e
r
e
s
o
ur
c
e
s
is
m
o
s
t
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
t
a
s
k
in
r
e
a
l
t
i
m
e
m
o
ni
t
o
r
i
ng
of
F
A
N
E
T
s
a
pp
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n.
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
c
o
ns
um
e
s
i
t
s
r
e
s
o
ur
c
e
s
in
p
a
t
h
s
e
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
pr
o
c
e
s
s
a
nd
d
a
t
a
r
o
ut
i
ng
f
r
o
m
s
o
ur
c
e
to
de
s
t
i
na
t
i
o
n.
S
e
l
e
c
t
i
ng
of
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nt
r
o
ut
i
ng
pr
o
t
o
c
o
l
to
ut
i
l
i
z
e
a
l
l
a
v
a
i
l
a
bl
e
r
e
s
o
ur
c
e
s
p
l
a
y
ed
v
i
t
a
l
r
o
l
e
in
e
xt
e
nd
i
ng
ne
t
w
o
r
k
l
i
f
e
t
i
m
e
.
In
t
hi
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
f
i
s
he
y
e
s
t
a
t
e
r
o
ut
i
ng
(
F
S
R
)
pr
o
t
o
c
o
l
is
i
m
pl
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
in
F
A
N
E
T
a
n
d
c
o
m
pa
r
e
ne
t
w
o
r
ks
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
in
t
e
r
m
of
c
ha
nne
l
ut
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n,
l
i
nk
ut
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
vs
t
hr
o
ug
hput
a
nd
pa
c
ke
t
de
l
i
v
e
r
y
r
a
t
i
o
(
P
D
R
)
w
i
t
h
d
i
s
t
a
nc
e
s
e
que
nc
e
d
i
s
t
a
nc
e
v
e
c
t
o
r
(
D
S
D
V
)
,
o
pt
i
m
i
z
e
d
l
i
n
k
s
t
a
t
e
r
o
ut
i
ng
(
O
L
S
R
)
,
a
dho
c
on
de
m
a
nd
d
i
s
t
a
nc
e
v
e
c
t
o
r
(
A
O
D
V
)
,
dy
na
m
i
c
s
o
ur
c
e
r
o
ut
i
ng
(
D
S
R
)
a
n
d
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
r
y
o
r
de
r
e
d
r
o
ut
i
ng
pr
o
t
o
c
o
l
(
T
O
R
A
)
.
E
xpe
r
i
m
e
nt
a
l
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
s
l
o
w
s
t
h
a
t
FSR
is
good
in
t
e
r
m
of
P
D
R
(
164
38
pa
c
ke
t
s
de
l
i
v
e
r
e
d)
,
c
ha
n
ne
l
u
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
(
89
%
)
a
nd
l
i
nk
vs
t
h
r
o
ug
hput
f
r
o
m
t
he
r
e
s
t
of
r
o
ut
i
ng
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
a
f
t
e
r
a
d
dr
e
s
s
i
ng
of
t
he
s
e
pr
o
b
l
e
m
s
U
A
V
s
r
e
s
o
ur
c
e
s
a
r
e
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nt
l
y
ut
i
l
i
z
e
d
(
e
ne
r
gy
)
.
Ke
y
w
or
d
s
:
E
n
e
rgy
e
ff
i
c
i
e
n
t
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
F
A
N
E
T
s
Ro
ut
i
n
g
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
T
hi
s
is
an
ope
n
ac
c
e
s
s
ar
t
i
c
l
e
u
nde
r
t
he
CC
BY
-
SA
l
i
c
e
ns
e
.
Cor
r
e
s
pon
di
n
g
Au
t
h
or
:
M
uha
m
m
a
d
A
b
ul
H
a
s
s
a
n
D
e
pa
rt
m
e
n
t
of
Co
m
put
e
r
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
A
b
a
s
y
n
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
P
e
s
h
a
w
a
r
R
i
n
g
R
o
a
d,
C
ha
r
s
a
dd
a
L
i
n
k
N
e
a
r
P
a
t
a
ng
C
h
o
w
k
A
s
hr
a
f
i
a
C
o
l
o
n
y
P
e
s
h
a
w
a
r,
K
h
y
be
r
P
a
k
h
t
u
nk
h
w
a
250
00
E
m
a
i
l
:
a
b
ul
h
a
s
s
a
n
900
@
g
m
a
i
l
.
c
o
m
1.
I
N
TR
O
D
U
C
TI
O
N
D
u
ri
ng
l
a
s
t
de
c
a
de
s
we
ha
v
e
n
o
t
i
c
e
d
l
a
rge
nu
m
b
e
r
of
e
xpo
n
e
n
t
i
a
l
g
r
o
w
t
h
in
m
a
nuf
a
c
t
u
ri
ng
i
ndu
s
t
r
y
of
s
m
a
l
l
u
nm
a
nne
d
a
e
ri
a
l
v
e
hi
c
l
e
s
(U
A
V
s
)
w
h
i
c
h
re
s
ul
t
i
ng
c
r
e
a
t
i
o
n
of
a
n
o
t
h
e
r
Ad
-
h
o
c
ne
t
w
o
r
k
k
no
w
n
as
f
l
y
i
n
g
a
d
-
h
o
c
n
e
t
w
o
rks
(F
A
N
E
T
s
)
.
D
ue
to
e
xc
e
p
t
i
o
na
l
f
e
a
t
u
re
s
of
F
A
N
E
T
s
(
i
)
l
o
w
c
a
s
t
(
i
i
)
e
a
s
y
de
p
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
(
i
i
i
)
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
(i
v
)
a
u
t
o
n
o
m
y
(v
)
v
e
r
s
a
t
i
l
i
t
y
[1]
it
ha
s
g
a
i
n
e
d
m
o
r
e
a
t
t
e
nt
i
o
n
a
nd
is
us
e
d
to
m
o
ni
t
o
ri
ng
of
b
o
a
rde
r
s
u
r
v
e
i
l
l
a
nc
e
[
2]
,
di
s
a
s
t
e
r
hi
t
a
r
e
a
m
o
ni
t
o
ri
ng
[3],
F
i
rs
t
ad
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
a
nd
a
l
s
o
be
us
e
d
as
r
e
l
a
y
n
o
de
s
[4
]
.
A
p
a
rt
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
o
ni
t
o
ri
ng
F
A
N
E
T
s
a
l
s
o
ha
v
e
t
h
e
c
a
p
a
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
to
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
d
a
t
a
a
m
o
n
g
U
A
V
s
ne
t
w
o
r
k
a
nd
s
e
nd
it
to
B
a
s
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
[
5]
.
Ad
-
h
o
c
na
t
u
r
e
m
a
ke
s
F
A
N
E
T
s
m
o
r
e
po
w
e
r
f
ul
l
e
v
e
n
du
ri
ng
t
he
s
u
r
v
e
i
l
l
a
n
c
e
a
n
y
U
A
V
s
t
o
p
w
o
r
k
i
ng
a
pa
rt
f
r
o
m
a
n
y
r
e
a
s
o
na
b
l
e
r
e
a
s
o
n
s
t
i
l
l
it
ha
s
b
e
e
n
c
o
nne
c
t
e
d
to
t
he
n
e
t
w
o
rk
b
e
c
a
us
e
of
Ad
-
h
o
c
na
t
u
r
e
[6
]
.
F
A
N
E
T
s
a
l
s
o
ha
s
t
h
e
c
a
p
a
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
of
s
e
l
f
o
rga
ni
z
i
ng
a
nd
s
e
l
f
-
go
v
e
rni
ng
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
a
n
y
hu
m
a
n
i
nt
e
r
v
e
nt
i
o
n
w
hi
c
h
m
a
ke
it
b
e
t
t
e
r
c
h
o
i
c
e
o
v
e
r
o
t
h
e
r
A
d
-
ho
c
n
e
t
w
o
rks
[7
]
.
S
h
o
r
t
ra
nge
c
o
m
m
i
na
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
is
e
nc
o
u
nt
e
re
d
by
m
ul
t
i
p
o
i
nt
r
e
l
a
y
(M
P
R
)
n
o
de
c
a
p
a
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
of
f
l
y
i
n
g
A
d
-
h
o
c
N
e
t
w
o
r
ks
[
8]
.
F
A
N
E
T
S
c
a
n
f
l
y
30
-
460
(k
m
/
h)
[
9]
w
i
t
h
t
hre
e
d
i
m
e
ns
i
o
na
l
(3
D
)
a
r
e
a
s
e
t
t
i
ng
c
a
u
s
i
ng
ra
p
i
d
t
o
po
l
o
gy
c
ha
nge
s
w
h
i
c
h
m
a
ke
s
d
a
t
a
r
o
u
t
i
ng
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
In
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
Co
m
p
S
c
i
,
V
o
l
.
21
,
N
o
.
1
,
J
a
n
u
a
r
y
2021
:
46
5
-
471
466
U
A
V
a
nd
b
a
s
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
m
o
r
e
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
t
a
s
k
w
h
i
l
e
F
A
N
E
T
s
ha
ve
l
i
m
i
t
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
e
.
g
.
B
a
t
t
e
r
y
,
B
a
ndw
i
d
t
h
[1
0
]
.
F
A
N
E
T
s
is
e
m
e
rge
d
f
r
o
m
M
o
b
i
l
e
ad
-
h
o
c
ne
t
w
o
rk
a
nd
v
e
hi
c
u
l
a
r
ad
-
ho
c
n
e
t
w
o
rks
[1
1
]
so
M
A
N
E
T
s
a
nd
V
A
N
E
T
s
d
a
t
a
r
o
u
t
i
ng
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
w
e
r
e
f
i
rs
t
l
y
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
nt
e
d
but
m
o
v
e
m
e
nt
s
of
U
A
V
do
e
s
n
o
t
a
do
p
t
ed
M
A
N
E
T
s
a
nd
V
A
N
E
T
s
r
o
ut
i
ng
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
[1
2
].
T
hre
e
t
y
pe
s
of
s
ub
-
n
e
t
w
o
rk
s
a
re
us
e
d
to
m
o
ni
t
o
r
ge
o
g
ra
p
hi
c
a
l
a
r
e
a
s,
S
i
ng
l
e
U
A
V
ne
t
w
o
r
k
in
w
hi
c
h
th
e
re
is
o
n
e
b
a
c
kb
o
n
e
U
A
V
a
nd
re
s
t
of
t
h
e
U
A
V
is
c
o
nne
c
t
e
d
to
b
a
s
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
t
hro
u
g
h
t
hi
s
b
a
c
kb
o
n
e
U
A
V
all
da
t
a
w
e
r
e
a
g
g
r
e
g
a
t
e
d
a
nd
p
a
s
s
ed
t
hr
o
u
g
h
t
hi
s
U
A
V
b
a
c
kb
o
n
e
.
M
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
U
A
V
is
a
n
o
t
h
e
r
t
y
pe
w
h
i
c
h
c
o
nt
a
i
ns
t
w
o
b
a
c
kb
o
n
e
U
A
V
e
a
c
h
b
a
c
k
b
o
n
e
is
r
e
s
po
n
s
i
b
l
e
to
t
h
e
i
r
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
c
l
us
t
e
r
to
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
d
a
t
a
a
nd
s
e
nd
to
t
he
b
a
s
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
t
he
s
e
c
l
us
t
e
r
s
c
a
n
c
o
m
m
u
ni
c
a
t
e
w
i
t
h
e
a
c
h
o
t
he
r
v
i
a
b
a
s
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
b
e
c
a
us
e
t
h
e
y
a
re
n
o
t
d
i
re
c
t
l
y
c
o
nne
c
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
e
a
c
h
o
t
h
e
r
a
nd
t
hi
rd
t
y
pe
ha
v
i
ng
m
o
r
e
t
ha
n
t
w
o
c
l
us
t
e
r
s
a
nd
t
he
y
can
c
o
m
m
u
ni
c
a
t
e
w
i
t
h
e
a
c
h
b
e
c
a
us
e
of
t
h
e
i
nt
e
rc
o
nn
e
c
t
e
d
l
i
n
k
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
b
a
c
kb
o
n
e
U
A
V
s
[1
3
].
D
ue
to
t
h
r
e
e
di
m
e
ns
i
o
na
l
m
o
b
i
l
i
t
y
F
A
N
E
T
s
d
a
t
a
r
o
u
t
i
ng
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
is
s
e
ns
i
t
i
v
e
to
p
a
c
ke
t
d
r
o
p
ra
t
e
,
C
ha
n
ne
l
u
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
nd
d
a
t
a
r
o
u
t
i
ng
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
h
o
ul
d
be
c
a
p
a
b
l
e
to
c
o
n
s
e
rv
e
U
A
V
s
b
a
t
t
e
r
y
to
e
n
ha
nc
e
ne
t
w
o
rk
l
i
f
e
t
i
m
e
[1
4
].
In
t
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
s
t
u
dy
f
i
s
h
e
y
e
s
t
a
t
e
r
o
u
t
i
ng
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
(F
S
R
)
is
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
nt
e
d
in
F
A
N
E
T
s
to
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
r
o
u
t
i
ng
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
s
.
F
i
s
h
e
y
e
r
o
u
t
i
ng
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
is
an
i
m
p
l
i
c
i
t
hi
e
ra
r
c
hi
c
a
l
r
o
u
t
i
ng
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l
[1
5
]
.
It
u
s
e
s
“
f
i
s
he
y
e
”
t
e
c
hni
q
ue
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
by
K
l
e
i
n
R
o
c
k
a
nd
S
t
e
v
e
n
s
in
w
hi
c
h
s
c
a
l
e
of
da
t
a
is
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
to
s
y
m
b
o
l
i
z
e
g
ra
p
hi
c
a
l
i
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
o
n
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
i
gu
re
1
.
T
he
e
y
e
of
a
f
i
s
h
c
a
p
t
u
r
e
s
g
r
e
a
t
e
r
p
i
xe
l
s
de
t
a
i
l
c
l
o
s
e
to
t
he
f
o
c
a
l
po
i
nt
.
In
r
o
u
t
i
ng
s
c
he
m
e
,
t
hi
s
m
e
t
h
o
d
i
nt
e
rp
re
t
s
to
p
r
e
s
e
r
v
e
a
c
c
u
ra
t
e
d
i
s
t
a
nc
e
a
nd
c
o
u
r
s
e
f
i
n
e
in
s
e
q
ue
n
c
e
a
p
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
t
e
l
y
t
h
e
c
o
m
m
u
ni
t
y
of
a
n
o
de
.
It
ke
e
ps
t
he
t
o
po
l
o
gy
of
a
s
e
t
of
c
o
nn
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
at
e
a
c
h
n
o
de
ho
w
e
v
e
r
do
e
s
no
t
f
l
o
o
d
t
he
e
nt
i
re
c
o
m
m
u
ni
t
y
w
i
t
h
i
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
o
n
a
nd
e
xc
ha
nge
s
t
o
po
l
o
gy
i
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
o
n
ha
nd
i
e
s
t
w
i
t
h
i
t
s
p
a
l
s
[1
6
,
1
7]
.
F
i
gu
r
e
1.
F
i
s
h
e
y
e
s
t
a
t
e
r
o
ut
i
n
g
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
h
i
ra
r
i
c
h
y
2.
LI
TER
A
TU
R
E
R
EV
I
EW
We
h
a
v
e
s
t
udi
e
d
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
,
pr
o
a
c
t
i
v
e
a
n
d
h
y
b
r
i
d
r
o
ut
i
n
g
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
.
R
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
r
o
ut
i
n
g
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
w
h
i
c
h
a
r
e
b
a
s
e
d
on
D
e
m
a
nd
s
t
ra
t
e
gi
e
s
in
w
hi
c
h
U
A
V
w
a
n
t
to
c
o
n
v
e
y
da
t
a
to
a
n
o
t
h
e
r
U
A
V
in
a
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
it
e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
r
o
ut
i
ng
pa
t
h
for
da
t
a
de
l
i
v
e
r
y
.
P
r
o
a
c
t
i
v
e
Ro
ut
i
ng
pr
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
a
r
e
a
n
o
t
h
e
r
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
f
a
m
i
l
y
In
w
h
i
c
h
all
U
A
V
s
h
o
l
ds
r
e
c
e
n
t
po
s
i
t
i
o
n
of
U
A
V
s
in
a
n
e
t
w
o
r
k.
H
yb
r
i
d
r
o
ut
i
n
g
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
is
a
c
o
m
b
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
of
bo
t
h
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
a
nd
p
r
o
a
c
t
i
v
e
s
t
ra
t
e
gi
e
s
.
2.
1
.
O
p
ti
m
i
z
e
d
l
i
n
k
s
tat
e
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
(O
LS
R
)
P
r
o
a
c
t
i
v
e
n
a
t
u
r
e
r
o
ut
i
ng
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
pe
c
i
a
l
l
y
de
s
i
gn
e
d
for
A
d
-
h
o
c
n
e
t
w
o
r
ks
in
w
h
i
c
h
e
a
c
h
U
A
V
h
o
l
ds
r
o
ut
i
ng
t
a
b
l
e
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
nt
i
n
g
w
h
o
l
e
t
o
po
l
o
g
y
of
U
A
V
n
e
t
w
o
r
k.
E
v
e
r
y
U
A
V
s
h
a
r
e
s
t
h
e
i
r
r
e
c
e
n
t
(up
-
to
-
da
t
e
)
ge
o
gr
a
p
h
i
c
a
l
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
to
w
h
o
l
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
t
hr
o
ug
h
f
l
o
o
di
n
g
.
P
o
i
n
t
-
to
-
P
o
i
n
t
c
o
m
m
u
ni
c
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
s
is
h
a
ndl
e
d
by
i
n
t
r
o
duc
t
i
o
n
of
M
ul
t
i
po
i
n
t
r
e
l
a
y
U
A
V
s
di
s
t
a
n
t
U
A
V
c
a
n
c
o
m
m
u
ni
c
a
t
e
w
i
t
h
e
a
c
h
v
i
a
M
ul
t
i
po
i
nt
r
e
l
a
y
.
P
r
o
b
l
e
m
f
a
c
e
d
by
t
h
e
O
L
S
R
is
n
o
.
of
M
ul
t
i
po
i
n
t
r
e
l
a
y
i
t
s
e
l
f
a
n
d
do
e
s
n
o
t
w
o
r
k
p
r
o
pe
r
l
y
in
m
o
r
e
de
n
s
e
U
A
V
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
c
a
us
i
ng
de
l
a
y
pr
o
b
l
e
m
a
n
d
f
o
l
l
ow
e
d
by
ove
rh
e
a
d
p
r
ob
l
e
m
s
[
18,
19
].
2.
2
.
D
i
s
tan
c
e
s
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
d
i
s
tan
c
e
v
e
c
to
r
(D
S
D
V
)
T
a
b
l
e
D
ri
v
e
n
P
r
o
a
c
t
i
v
e
n
a
t
u
r
e
r
o
ut
i
ng
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
f
a
m
i
l
y
c
r
e
a
t
e
d
fo
r
A
d
-
h
o
c
n
e
t
w
o
r
ks
de
v
e
l
o
pe
d
[20]
w
h
e
r
e
E
a
c
h
U
A
V
h
o
l
ds
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
y
t
a
b
l
e
of
w
h
o
l
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
w
hi
l
e
L
oo
i
n
g
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
is
r
e
m
o
ve
d
by
t
h
e
upda
t
e
d
s
e
que
n
c
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
s
t
ra
t
e
gy
of
U
A
V
s
.
E
v
e
n
a
n
d
o
dd
m
e
t
h
o
d
is
us
e
d
to
r
e
c
o
gn
i
z
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
of
t
h
e
U
A
V
s
.
D
ra
w
b
a
c
k
of
D
S
D
V
is
m
o
r
e
de
l
a
y
a
n
d
c
o
n
ge
s
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
in
a
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
w
h
i
c
h
is
n
o
t
a
f
f
o
r
da
b
l
e
in
r
e
a
l
t
i
m
e
s
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
l
i
ke
F
A
N
E
T
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
Co
m
p
S
c
i
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
E
ne
r
g
y
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nt
hi
e
r
ar
c
h
i
c
a
l
bas
e
d
f
i
s
h
e
y
e
s
t
at
e
r
ou
t
i
ng
pr
o
t
oc
o
l
f
or
f
l
y
i
ng
…
(
Muham
m
ad
A
bu
l
H
as
s
an
)
467
2.
3
.
A
d
h
o
c
on
d
e
m
an
d
d
i
s
tan
c
e
v
e
c
to
r
(A
O
D
V
)
R
e
a
c
t
i
ve
r
o
ut
i
n
g
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
pe
c
i
a
l
l
y
de
s
i
n
ge
d
for
M
A
N
E
T
s
a
n
d
a
pp
l
i
e
d
i
n
t
o
F
A
N
E
T
s
[2
1].
W
h
e
n
U
A
V
w
a
n
t
to
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
e
w
i
t
h
o
t
h
e
r
U
A
V
s
in
a
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
it
s
e
n
ds
RR
E
Q
to
t
h
e
a
dj
a
c
e
n
t
U
A
V
a
n
d
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
it
s
pr
e
a
ds
in
to
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
for
de
t
e
c
t
i
n
g
of
de
s
t
i
na
t
i
o
n
U
A
V
.
O
n
c
e
de
s
t
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
U
A
V
is
f
i
n
d
o
ut
it
t
h
e
n
r
e
pl
y
b
a
c
k
w
i
t
h
a
R
R
E
P
.
R
E
RR
is
a
l
s
o
us
e
d
fo
r
t
h
e
b
r
o
ke
n
or
m
i
s
s
i
ng
l
i
n
ks
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
s
e
n
de
r
a
n
d
de
s
t
i
na
t
i
o
n
.
O
n
c
e
U
A
V
m
o
ve
s
to
a
n
o
t
h
e
r
ge
o
gra
p
h
i
c
a
l
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
is
b
r
o
a
dc
a
s
t
i
t
s
upda
t
e
d
s
e
que
n
c
e
no
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
of
U
A
V
is
s
t
o
r
e
d
at
a
dj
a
c
e
n
t
U
A
V
t
o
po
l
o
g
y
t
a
b
l
e
[
22
].
2.
4
.
D
yn
am
i
c
s
o
u
r
c
e
r
o
u
ti
n
g
(D
S
R
)
R
e
a
c
t
i
ve
r
o
ut
i
n
g
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
c
r
e
a
t
e
d
for
ad
-
h
o
c
n
e
t
w
o
r
ks
.
T
hi
s
a
l
l
o
w
s
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
to
be
s
e
l
f
-
o
r
ga
n
i
z
e
d
a
n
d
s
e
l
f
-
c
o
n
f
i
gur
e
d
w
i
t
h
o
ut
a
n
y
c
e
n
t
r
a
l
i
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
uc
t
u
r
e
.
D
ue
to
t
h
e
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
n
a
t
u
r
e
it
e
xt
ra
c
t
s
t
o
po
l
o
g
y
c
h
a
n
ge
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
ur
c
e
r
o
ut
e
(da
t
a
g
ra
m
h
e
a
de
r
).
W
h
e
n
a
n
o
de
w
a
n
t
to
c
o
m
m
uni
c
a
t
e
(
r
o
ut
e
di
s
c
o
ve
r
y
)
it
f
l
oo
de
d
t
h
e
r
e
que
s
t
in
a
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
a
nd
e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
a
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
s
o
u
r
c
e
to
de
s
t
i
na
t
i
o
n.
R
o
ut
e
m
a
i
nt
e
na
n
c
e
is
do
n
e
by
s
o
ur
c
e
n
o
de
by
c
o
n
t
i
n
uo
us
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
w
h
e
n
a
n
o
de
s
e
n
s
e
t
o
po
l
o
g
y
c
h
a
n
ge
s
it
b
r
o
a
dc
a
s
t
r
o
ut
e
e
rr
o
r
pa
c
ke
t
,
n
o
de
w
h
i
c
h
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
e
r
r
o
r
pa
c
ke
t
c
a
c
h
e
it
a
nd
de
t
e
c
t
r
o
ut
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
[
23
].
2.
5
.
Te
m
p
o
r
al
l
y
O
r
d
e
r
e
d
R
o
u
ti
n
g
A
l
go
r
i
th
m
(
T
O
R
A
)
T
h
i
s
t
y
p
e
of
pr
o
t
o
c
o
l
is
de
s
i
gn
e
d
for
w
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
A
d
-
h
o
c
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
a
nd
b
a
s
e
d
on
h
y
b
r
i
d
a
pp
r
o
a
c
h
b
o
t
h
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
a
n
d
p
r
o
a
c
t
i
v
e
f
e
a
t
ur
e
s
w
e
r
e
a
do
pt
e
d.
It
f
oc
us
e
d
on
L
oc
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
of
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
pa
c
ke
t
s
to
a
v
o
i
d
f
l
oo
di
n
g
w
h
i
c
h
c
a
us
e
ov
e
r
h
e
a
d
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
s
in
a
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
a
nd
c
o
n
s
um
e
fo
r
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
r
e
s
o
ur
c
e
s
.
T
O
R
A
a
l
s
o
ha
v
e
t
hr
e
e
t
y
p
e
of
w
o
r
ki
n
g
a
pp
r
o
a
c
h
(i
)
f
i
r
s
t
w
h
e
n
n
o
de
s
w
a
n
t
s
to
c
o
m
m
uni
c
a
t
e
it
e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
s
ui
t
a
b
l
e
r
o
ut
i
n
g
pa
t
h
a
v
o
i
di
n
g
l
o
o
ps
(i
i
)
s
e
c
o
n
d
it
a
l
s
o
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
i
t
s
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
r
t
o
pol
o
g
y
t
a
b
l
e
by
e
xc
h
a
ngi
n
g
of
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
da
t
a
pa
c
ke
t
w
i
t
h
its
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
r
(i
i
i
)
T
h
i
rd,
w
h
e
n
n
o
de
s
c
h
a
n
ge
s
its
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
it
s
h
a
r
e
s
it
c
u
rr
e
nt
po
s
i
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
Ip
a
dd
r
e
s
s
[
24
,
25]
.
T
a
b
l
e
1
.
S
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
a
n
d
w
e
a
kn
e
s
s
o
f
di
f
fe
r
e
n
t
r
o
ut
i
ng
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
3.
M
ET
H
O
D
O
L
O
G
Y
Co
n
s
t
a
nt
b
i
t
ra
t
e
(CB
R
)
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
is
us
e
d
to
ge
n
e
r
a
t
e
c
o
n
s
t
a
nt
b
i
t
r
a
t
e
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
in
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
i
m
ul
a
t
o
r
2
v
e
r
s
i
o
n
2.
3
5.
S
i
z
e
of
t
h
e
da
t
a
p
a
c
ke
t
is
s
e
t
to
512
by
t
e
s
.
F
l
a
t
g
ri
d
t
o
po
l
o
g
y
m
o
d
e
l
is
us
e
d
h
a
v
i
n
g
100
0
x
1000
x
1000
m
s
i
z
e
a
r
e
a
.
T
w
o
r
a
y
gr
o
un
d
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
m
o
de
l
is
us
e
d
for
R
a
di
o
W
a
v
e
pr
o
pa
ga
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
our
t
o
po
l
o
g
y
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
s
of
30
n
o
de
s
a
nd
o
n
e
b
a
s
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
a
f
i
xe
d
po
s
i
t
i
o
n
ha
v
i
ng
c
o
o
r
di
n
a
t
e
s
(500
,
500)
w
i
t
h
30
n
o
de
s
.
R
a
ndo
m
w
a
y
p
o
i
n
t
is
us
e
d
for
t
h
e
U
A
V
m
ov
e
m
e
n
t
s
h
a
v
i
n
g
(M
i
n
i
m
u
m
S
pe
e
d:
1m
/
s
,
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
S
pe
e
d:
10
m
/
s
,
P
a
us
e
T
i
m
e
:
1s
).
T
o
po
l
o
g
y
of
o
ur
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
2.
F
i
gu
r
e
2
.
T
o
po
l
o
g
y
of
o
ur
s
i
m
ul
a
t
i
o
n
Ro
u
t
i
n
g
P
ro
t
o
c
o
l
s
S
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
W
e
a
k
n
e
s
s
D
S
D
V
L
o
o
p
s
in
a
n
e
t
w
o
rk
w
e
re
r
e
m
o
v
e
d
N
e
t
w
o
rk
F
a
c
i
n
g
d
e
l
a
y
s
a
n
d
c
o
n
g
e
s
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
s
O
L
S
R
MPR
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
e
d
o
v
e
rh
e
a
d
p
ro
b
l
e
m
s
in
a
N
e
t
w
o
rk
.
O
v
e
rh
e
a
d
a
n
d
D
e
l
a
y
s
in
D
e
n
s
e
N
e
t
w
o
rk
A
O
D
V
P
a
c
k
e
t
D
e
l
i
v
e
r
y
Ra
t
i
o
(P
D
R)
is
h
i
g
h
Be
c
a
u
s
e
of
D
i
s
c
o
v
e
r
y
p
ro
c
e
s
s
of
UAVs
in
a
n
e
t
w
o
rk
,
g
e
n
e
ra
t
e
m
o
r
e
d
a
t
a
d
e
l
a
y
s
in
a
n
e
t
w
o
rk
D
S
R
M
o
r
e
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
p
a
t
h
s
e
l
e
c
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
m
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
rc
e
to
d
e
s
t
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
.
N
e
tw
o
r
k
fa
ci
n
g
O
ve
r
h
e
a
d
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
T
O
RA
L
i
n
k
f
a
l
i
o
u
r
re
c
o
n
g
n
i
t
i
o
n
is
a
d
d
e
d
to
n
e
t
w
o
rk
Be
c
a
u
s
e
of
h
y
b
ri
d
n
a
t
u
r
e
d
i
s
c
o
v
e
r
y
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
of
i
n
t
ra
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
r
ro
u
t
i
n
g
m
a
k
e
s
m
o
r
e
c
o
n
g
e
s
t
i
o
n
p
ro
b
l
e
m
in
a
n
e
t
w
o
rk
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
In
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
Co
m
p
S
c
i
,
V
o
l
.
21
,
N
o
.
1
,
J
a
n
u
a
r
y
2021
:
46
5
-
471
468
4.
R
ES
U
LT
AND
A
N
A
L
Y
S
I
S
We
h
a
v
e
s
t
ud
i
e
d
f
o
l
l
ow
i
n
g
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
pa
ra
m
e
t
e
r
s
o
f
a
f
l
y
i
n
g
a
d
-
h
o
c
n
e
t
w
o
r
k.
a)
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
/
C
ha
nn
e
l
U
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
(B
a
n
dw
i
dt
h
b)
P
a
c
ke
t
D
e
l
i
v
e
r
y
R
a
t
i
o
c)
L
i
n
k
U
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
vs
T
hr
o
ug
hput
4.
1
.
N
e
tw
o
r
k
/
c
h
an
n
e
l
u
ti
l
i
z
at
i
o
n
(Ban
d
w
i
d
th
)
Cha
nn
e
l
or
l
i
n
k
u
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
m
e
a
n
s
h
o
w
m
uc
h
b
a
n
dw
i
dt
h
of
t
h
e
c
ha
nn
e
l
/
or
l
i
nk
is
b
e
i
n
g
us
e
d.
T
h
e
ov
e
r
a
l
l
b
a
n
dw
i
dt
h
(
da
t
e
ra
t
e
)
or
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
u
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
o
ve
r
a
time
is
c
a
l
l
e
d
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
ut
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
or
b
a
n
dw
i
dt
h.
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
ut
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
in
t
e
r
m
s
of
b
a
n
dw
i
dt
h
is
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
d
as
t
h
e
c
o
n
s
um
pt
i
o
n
of
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
c
ha
nn
e
l
by
all
t
h
e
n
o
de
s
w
h
i
c
h
can
be
c
a
l
c
ul
a
t
e
d
by
gi
v
e
n
(1)
.
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
U
t
i
l
i
za
t
i
o
n
=
Σ
S
i
ze
of
s
en
t
p
ac
ket
s
t
i
m
e
(
K
bp
s
)
(1)
F
r
o
m
t
h
e
a
b
ov
e
F
i
gur
e
3
w
e
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
d
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
,
m
a
xi
m
um
a
n
d
a
v
e
ra
ge
c
h
a
nn
e
l
u
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
r
o
ut
i
ng
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
.
T
O
R
A
s
h
o
w
s
g
oo
d
r
e
s
ul
t
i
n
c
h
a
nn
e
l
ut
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
b
e
c
a
us
e
of
i
t
s
h
y
b
r
i
d
n
a
t
u
r
e
w
h
i
l
e
F
S
R
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
h
a
v
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
l
y
s
a
m
e
r
e
s
ul
t
s
.
F
i
gu
r
e
3
.
C
ha
nn
e
l
or
l
i
n
k
ut
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
of
r
o
ut
i
ng
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
4.
2
.
Li
n
k
u
ti
l
i
z
ati
o
n
vs
th
r
o
u
gh
p
u
t
L
i
n
k
or
c
h
a
nn
e
l
u
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
o
n
e
do
e
s
n
o
t
pr
o
v
i
de
us
a
c
c
ur
a
t
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
w
hi
c
h
can
be
us
e
d
l
a
t
e
r
fo
r
de
s
i
g
n
a
nd
de
v
e
l
o
pm
e
n
t
of
F
A
N
E
T
n
e
t
w
o
r
k.
T
h
e
r
e
f
or
e
,
F
i
gu
r
e
4
c
o
m
e
s
i
nt
o
pi
c
t
u
r
e
,
in
w
h
i
c
h
we
c
o
m
pa
r
e
d
l
i
nk
/
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
ut
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
ga
i
n
s
t
a
c
t
ua
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
t
hr
o
ug
h
pu
t
.
F
i
gu
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
a
t
T
O
R
A
ha
s
h
i
g
h
ov
e
r
h
e
a
d
as
c
o
m
pa
r
e
d
to
all
o
t
h
e
r
r
o
ut
i
ng
pr
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
.
F
r
o
m
F
i
gu
r
e
4
w
e
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
d
t
h
a
t
l
i
n
k
ut
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
F
S
R
i
s
89%
a
n
d
t
hr
o
ug
h
pu
t
i
s
(37
3.
5
9)
w
hi
c
h
i
s
b
e
t
t
e
r
t
h
e
n
o
t
h
e
r
r
o
ut
i
ng
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
.
4.
3
.
P
ac
k
e
t
d
e
l
i
v
e
r
y
r
at
i
o
P
a
c
ke
t
de
l
i
v
e
r
e
d
r
a
t
i
o
is
a
c
t
ua
l
l
y
pe
r
c
e
n
t
a
ge
of
de
l
i
ve
r
e
d
pa
c
ke
t
s
.
P
a
c
ke
t
de
l
i
v
e
r
y
r
a
t
i
o
c
a
n
be
c
a
l
c
ul
a
t
e
d
a
c
c
o
r
di
n
g
to
(2).
T
a
b
l
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
a
t
F
i
s
h
e
y
e
S
t
a
t
e
R
o
ut
i
n
g
P
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
(F
S
R
)
h
a
s
m
o
r
e
P
a
c
ke
t
D
e
l
i
v
e
r
y
R
a
t
i
o
(P
D
R
)
t
h
e
n
T
O
R
A
,
O
L
S
R
,
D
S
R
,
AODV.
P
a
c
ke
t
D
e
l
i
v
e
r
y
Ra
t
i
o
=
No
.
of
p
ac
ket
s
r
ec
ei
v
ed
T
o
t
al
s
en
t
p
ac
ket
s
(2)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
Co
m
p
S
c
i
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
E
ne
r
g
y
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nt
hi
e
r
ar
c
h
i
c
a
l
bas
e
d
f
i
s
h
e
y
e
s
t
at
e
r
ou
t
i
ng
pr
o
t
oc
o
l
f
or
f
l
y
i
ng
…
(
Muham
m
ad
A
bu
l
H
as
s
an
)
469
F
i
gu
r
e
4
.
L
i
n
k
u
ni
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
v
s
t
hr
o
ug
h
p
ut
o
f
r
o
ut
i
n
g
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
T
a
b
l
e
2
.
PDR
of
all
s
i
x
r
o
ut
i
n
g
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
us
e
d
in
o
ur
s
t
udy
P
ro
t
o
c
o
l
s
P
a
c
k
e
t
s
S
e
n
t
P
a
c
k
e
t
s
D
e
l
i
v
e
r
e
d
P
D
R
(
%
)
FSR
5
1
,
0
6
9
1
6
,
4
3
8
3
2
.
1
9
A
O
D
V
5
1
,
0
6
9
1
2
,
0
1
4
2
3
.
5
3
D
S
D
V
5
1
,
0
6
9
1
7
,
1
2
1
3
3
.
5
3
D
S
R
5
1
,
0
6
9
4
,
7
5
7
9
.
3
1
O
L
S
R
5
1
,
0
6
9
1
6
,
3
7
1
3
2
.
0
6
T
O
RA
5
1
,
0
6
9
3
,
0
9
6
6
.
0
6
5.
C
O
N
C
LU
S
I
O
N
F
l
y
i
n
g
Ad
-
h
o
c
n
e
t
w
o
r
ks
ha
v
e
l
i
m
i
t
e
d
b
a
t
t
e
r
y
a
n
d
l
i
m
i
t
e
d
re
s
o
ur
c
e
s
t
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
we
h
a
v
e
to
ke
e
p
in
m
i
n
d
w
h
i
l
e
s
e
l
e
c
t
i
ng
r
o
ut
i
ng
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
.
S
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
s
ul
t
s
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
a
t
f
i
s
h
E
y
e
S
t
a
t
e
R
o
ut
i
ng
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
h
a
s
e
dge
ov
e
r
o
t
h
e
r
r
o
ut
i
n
g
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
in
c
ha
nn
e
l
u
n
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
(89
%),
p
a
c
ke
t
de
l
i
v
e
r
y
R
a
t
i
o
(32%)
a
n
d
li
nk
vs
t
hr
o
ughput
a
n
d
a
f
t
e
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
of
t
h
e
s
e
pa
ra
m
e
t
t
e
r
s
U
A
V
r
e
s
o
ur
c
e
is
e
ff
i
c
i
e
n
t
l
y
ut
i
l
i
z
e
d
a
n
d
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
l
i
f
e
time
is
e
nh
a
n
c
e
d.
I
n
f
ut
u
r
e
we
w
i
l
l
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
nt
F
i
s
h
E
y
e
S
t
a
t
e
Ro
ut
i
n
g
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
in
S
A
N
E
T
s
a
n
d
R
A
N
E
T
s
w
i
t
h
di
f
fe
r
e
nt
m
o
b
i
l
i
t
y
m
o
de
l
s
w
i
t
h
E
nha
n
c
e
d
M
ob
i
l
e
B
r
o
a
db
a
n
d
(e
M
BB
)
a
n
d
ul
t
r
a
-
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
a
n
d
l
o
w
l
a
t
e
n
c
y
c
o
m
m
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
(U
R
L
L
C).
R
EF
ER
EN
C
ES
[
1]
I.
K
ha
n,
I.
Q
ur
e
s
h
i
,
M.
A
z
i
z
,
T.
C
he
e
m
a
a
nd
S.
S
h
a
h,
"
S
m
a
r
t
I
oT
c
o
nt
r
o
l
-
ba
s
e
d
na
t
ur
e
i
ns
pi
r
e
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nt
r
o
ut
i
ng
pr
o
t
o
c
o
l
f
o
r
f
l
y
i
ng
ad
ho
c
ne
t
w
o
r
k
(
F
A
N
E
T
)
,
"
I
E
E
E
A
c
c
e
s
s
,
v
o
l
.
8,
p
p.
56
371
-
563
78
,
2
020
.
[
2]
M.
A.
K
h
a
n
,
e
t
a
l
,
"
O
n
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
nc
e
of
f
l
y
i
ng
ad
-
hoc
ne
t
w
o
r
ks
(
F
A
N
E
T
s
)
w
i
t
h
di
r
e
c
t
i
o
na
l
a
nt
e
nn
a
s
,
"
201
8
5
t
h
I
nt
e
r
n
at
i
on
al
M
ul
t
i
-
T
o
pi
c
I
C
T
C
on
f
e
r
e
nc
e
(
I
M
T
I
C
)
,
J
a
m
s
ho
r
o
,
2
01
8,
pp
.
1
-
8
.
[
3]
A.
B
uj
a
r
i
,
e
t
al
,
"
F
l
y
i
ng
ad
-
ho
c
ne
t
w
o
r
k
a
pp
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
s
a
nd
m
o
bi
l
i
t
y
m
o
de
l
s
,
"
I
nt
e
r
n
at
i
on
al
J
ou
r
na
l
of
D
i
s
t
r
i
bu
t
e
d
Se
ns
o
r
N
e
t
w
or
k
s
,
v
o
l
.
13,
no
.
10
,
p
p.
1
-
16,
20
17
.
[
4]
O.
S
a
h
i
ng
o
z
,
"
N
e
t
w
o
r
ki
ng
m
o
de
l
s
in
f
l
y
i
ng
ad
-
ho
c
n
e
t
w
o
r
ks
(
F
A
N
E
T
s
)
:
C
o
n
c
e
pt
s
a
nd
C
h
a
l
l
e
ng
e
s
,
"
J
o
ur
n
al
of
I
nt
e
l
l
i
ge
nt
&
R
obot
i
c
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
v
o
l
.
74
,
no
.
1
-
2,
pp
.
513
-
527
,
201
3.
[
5]
M.
K
ha
n
,
et
al
.,
"
A
n
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nt
a
nd
p
r
o
v
a
bl
y
s
e
c
ur
e
c
e
r
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
e
l
e
s
s
k
e
y
-
e
nc
a
ps
ul
a
t
e
d
s
i
g
nc
r
y
pt
i
o
n
s
c
he
m
e
f
o
r
f
l
y
i
ng
ad
-
ho
c
ne
t
w
o
r
k
,
"
I
E
E
E
A
c
c
e
s
s
,
v
o
l
.
8,
p
p.
36
807
-
36
828
,
2020
.
[
6]
M.
K
ha
n,
e
t
al
,
"
A
n
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nt
a
nd
p
r
o
v
a
bl
y
s
e
c
ur
e
c
e
r
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
e
l
e
s
s
bl
i
nd
s
i
g
na
t
u
r
e
s
c
he
m
e
f
o
r
f
l
y
i
ng
ad
-
h
o
c
ne
t
w
o
r
k
ba
s
e
d
on
m
u
l
t
i
-
a
c
c
e
s
s
e
dg
e
c
o
m
put
i
ng
,
"
E
l
e
c
t
r
on
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
9,
no
.
1,
p.
30,
2
019
.
[
7]
M.
A.
K
ha
n
,
A.
S
a
f
i
,
I.
Q
ur
e
s
hi
a
n
d
I.
K
ha
n,
"
F
l
y
i
ng
ad
-
hoc
ne
t
w
o
r
ks
(
F
A
N
E
T
s
)
:
A
r
e
v
i
e
w
of
c
o
m
m
uni
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
r
c
hi
t
e
c
t
u
r
e
s
a
nd
r
o
ut
i
ng
pr
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
,
"
2017
F
i
r
s
t
I
n
t
e
r
nat
i
o
nal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
L
at
e
s
t
t
r
e
nd
s
i
n
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
n
g
and
C
om
pu
t
i
ng
T
e
c
hno
l
og
i
e
s
(
I
N
T
E
L
L
E
C
T
)
,
K
a
r
a
c
hi
,
2017
,
pp.
1
-
9
.
[
8]
W.
Z
a
f
a
r
a
n
d
B.
K
h
a
n,
"A
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
,
de
l
a
y
bo
unde
d
a
nd
l
e
s
s
c
om
pl
e
x
c
o
m
m
uni
c
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
f
o
r
m
ul
t
i
c
l
us
t
e
r
F
A
N
E
T
s
,
"
D
i
g
i
t
al
C
om
m
u
ni
c
at
i
on
s
and
N
e
t
w
or
k
s
,
v
o
l
.
3,
no
.
1,
pp
.
30
-
38
,
2017
.
[
9]
M.
K
ha
n,
I.
K
ha
n,
A.
S
a
f
i
a
nd
I.
Q
ue
r
s
h
i
,
"
D
y
na
m
i
c
r
o
ut
i
ng
in
f
l
y
i
ng
ad
-
hoc
ne
t
w
o
r
ks
us
i
ng
t
o
po
l
ogy
-
ba
s
e
d
r
o
ut
i
ng
pr
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
,
"
D
r
o
ne
s
,
v
o
l
.
2,
no
.
3,
p.
2
7,
20
18
.
[
10]
A.
G
ui
l
l
e
n
-
P
e
r
e
z
a
nd
M.
C
a
no
,
"
F
l
y
i
ng
a
d
ho
c
ne
t
w
o
r
k
s
:
a
ne
w
do
m
a
i
n
f
o
r
ne
t
w
o
r
k
c
o
m
m
uni
c
a
t
i
o
ns
,
"
Se
ns
o
r
s
,
v
o
l
.
18,
no
.
10
,
p.
3
571
,
2018
.
[
11]
K.
K
hu
l
l
a
r
,
Y
.
M
al
ho
t
r
a
a
nd
A
.
K
um
ar
,
"D
e
c
e
nt
r
a
l
i
z
e
d
and
Se
c
u
r
e
C
om
m
uni
c
at
i
on
A
r
c
h
i
t
e
c
t
u
r
e
f
or
F
A
N
E
T
s
us
i
ng
B
l
oc
k
c
h
ai
n
",
P
r
o
c
e
di
a
C
o
m
put
e
r
S
c
i
e
nc
e
,
v
o
l
.
1
73,
p
p.
15
8
-
1
70
,
2
0
20.
A
v
a
i
l
ab
l
e
:
1
0.
1016
/
j
.
p
r
oc
s
.
2020
.
0
6.
0
20
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
In
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
Co
m
p
S
c
i
,
V
o
l
.
21
,
N
o
.
1
,
J
a
n
u
a
r
y
2021
:
46
5
-
471
470
[
12]
O.
O
ubb
a
t
i
,
M.
A
t
i
quz
z
a
m
a
n,
P.
L
o
r
e
nz
,
M.
T
a
r
e
qu
e
a
nd
M.
H
o
s
s
a
i
n
,
"
R
o
ut
i
ng
in
F
l
y
i
ng
Ad
H
oc
N
e
t
w
o
r
ks
:
S
ur
v
e
y
,
C
o
ns
t
r
a
i
n
t
s
,
a
nd
F
u
t
u
r
e
C
ha
l
l
e
ng
e
P
e
r
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
s
,
"
I
E
E
E
A
c
c
e
s
s
,
v
o
l
.
7,
pp.
8
1057
-
81
105
,
2019
.
[
13]
Y.
K
w
o
n
a
n
d
J.
H
w
a
ng
,
"
M
a
t
he
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
m
o
de
l
i
ng
f
o
r
f
l
o
c
ki
ng
f
l
i
g
ht
of
a
u
t
o
no
m
o
us
m
ul
t
i
-
U
A
V
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
i
nc
l
ud
i
ng
e
nv
i
r
o
nm
e
nt
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
,
"
K
S
I
I
T
r
ans
ac
t
i
o
ns
on
I
nt
e
r
ne
t
an
d
I
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
,
v
o
l
.
14
,
no
.
2,
pp
.
595
-
609
,
202
0
.
[
14]
M.
K
ha
n,
e
t
al
,
"
R
o
ut
i
ng
s
c
he
m
e
s
in
F
A
N
E
T
s
:
A
s
ur
v
e
y
,
"
Se
ns
or
s
,
v
o
l
.
20,
no
.
1,
p.
38
,
201
9.
[
15]
S.
K
a
u
r
a
nd
S.
K
hu
r
a
n
a
,
"
P
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
nc
e
e
v
a
l
ua
t
i
o
n
of
F
S
R
,
D
Y
M
O
a
nd
L
A
N
M
A
R
r
o
ut
i
ng
pr
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
,
"
I
n
t
e
r
nat
i
o
nal
J
our
nal
of
C
om
pu
t
e
r
A
p
pl
i
c
a
t
i
on
s
,
v
o
l
.
8
2,
no
.
15
,
pp
.
16
-
19,
20
13
.
[
16]
P
e
i
,
G
.
,
e
t
a
l
.,
"
F
i
s
he
y
e
s
t
a
t
e
r
o
ut
i
ng
:
a
r
o
u
t
i
ng
s
c
he
m
e
f
o
r
ad
ho
c
w
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
ne
t
w
o
r
ks
,
"
2000
I
E
E
E
I
n
t
e
r
na
t
i
o
na
l
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
C
om
m
u
ni
c
at
i
on
s
.
I
C
C
2
000
.
G
l
ob
al
C
on
v
e
r
ge
nc
e
T
hr
oug
h
C
om
m
uni
c
a
t
i
ons
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
pp.
70
-
74
,
2
00
0
.
[
17]
C.
Y
a
ng
a
nd
L.
T
s
e
ng
,
"
F
i
s
he
y
e
z
o
ne
r
o
ut
i
ng
pr
o
t
o
c
o
l
:
A
m
ul
t
i
-
l
e
v
e
l
z
o
ne
r
o
ut
i
ng
pr
o
t
o
c
o
l
f
o
r
m
o
bi
l
e
ad
ho
c
ne
t
w
o
r
k
s
"
,
C
om
pu
t
e
r
C
om
m
u
ni
c
a
t
i
o
ns
,
v
o
l
.
30
,
no
.
2,
pp
.
261
-
268
,
2007
.
[
18]
Y.
J
i
a
o
,
W.
Li
a
nd
I.
J
o
e
,
"
O
L
S
R
i
m
pr
o
v
e
m
e
nt
w
i
t
h
l
i
nk
l
i
v
e
time
f
o
r
F
A
N
E
T
s
,
"
I
nt
e
r
n
at
i
on
al
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
M
u
l
t
i
m
e
di
a
an
d
U
b
i
qu
i
t
ous
E
n
gi
ne
e
r
i
ng
,
S
i
ng
a
po
r
e
,
pp.
5
21
-
527
,
2
019
.
[
19]
T.
C
l
a
us
e
n,
P.
J
a
c
que
t
,
"
O
p
t
i
m
i
z
e
d
l
i
nk
s
t
a
t
e
r
o
ut
i
ng
pr
o
t
o
c
o
l
(
O
L
S
R
)
,
"
in
r
i
a
-
004
7171
2
,
2
003
.
[
O
nl
i
ne
]
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
bl
e
:
ht
t
ps
:
/
/
ha
l
.
i
n
r
i
a
.
f
r
/
i
n
r
i
a
-
00
471
712
/
[
20]
A.
G.
S
a
nt
i
a
g
o
,
e
t
al
,
"
E
v
a
l
ua
t
i
o
n
of
A
O
D
V
a
nd
D
S
D
V
r
o
ut
i
ng
pr
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
f
o
r
a
F
A
N
E
T
:
F
ur
t
he
r
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
t
o
w
a
r
ds
r
o
bo
t
i
c
v
e
hi
c
l
e
ne
t
w
o
r
ks
,
"
9t
h
L
a
t
i
n
A
m
e
r
i
c
a
n
Sy
m
po
s
i
um
on
C
i
r
c
u
i
t
s
&
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
(
L
A
SC
A
S)
,
pp
.
1
-
4
,
201
9
.
[
21]
K.
D
a
r
a
bk
h,
M.
A
l
f
a
w
a
r
e
s
a
nd
S.
A
l
t
hun
i
b
a
t
,
"
M
D
R
M
A
:
M
ul
t
i
-
da
t
a
r
a
t
e
m
o
bi
l
i
t
y
-
a
w
a
r
e
A
O
D
V
-
ba
s
e
d
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
f
o
r
f
l
y
i
ng
ad
-
ho
c
ne
t
w
o
r
ks
,
"
Sc
i
e
nc
e
D
I
r
e
c
t
,
20
19.
[
O
nl
i
ne
]
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
bl
e
:
ht
t
ps
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
s
c
i
e
nc
e
d
i
r
e
c
t
.
c
o
m
/
s
c
i
e
nc
e
/
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
/
a
bs
/
p
i
i
/
S
2
2142
0961
8
30302
4.
[
22]
D.
C
e
r
r
i
,
A.
G
hi
o
ni
,
"
S
e
c
ur
i
ng
A
O
D
V
:
T
he
A
-
S
A
O
D
V
s
e
c
u
r
e
r
o
ut
i
ng
pr
o
t
o
t
y
pe
,
"
I
E
E
E
C
om
m
uni
c
at
i
on
s
M
ag
az
i
ne
,
v
o
l
.
46
,
no
.
2,
pp
.
120
-
12
5,
20
08
.
[
23]
H.
Y
a
ng
a
nd
Z.
L
i
u,
"
A
n
o
pt
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
r
o
ut
i
ng
pr
o
t
o
c
o
l
f
o
r
F
A
N
E
T
s
,
"
E
U
R
A
SI
P
J
our
nal
on
W
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
C
om
m
uni
c
at
i
on
s
and
N
e
t
w
or
k
i
ng
,
v
o
l
.
201
9,
no
.
1,
p
p.
1
-
8,
2
019
.
[
24]
V.
P
a
r
k
a
nd
M.
S.
C
o
r
s
o
n,
“
T
e
m
po
r
a
l
l
y
-
o
r
de
r
e
d
r
o
u
t
i
ng
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
hm
(
T
O
R
A
)
v
e
r
s
i
o
n
1
f
unc
t
i
o
na
l
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n,
”
I
nt
e
r
ne
t
-
D
r
a
f
t
,
19
97.
[
25]
D.
K
a
u
r
a
nd
N.
K
um
a
r
,
"
C
o
m
pa
r
a
t
i
v
e
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
of
A
O
D
V
,
O
L
S
R
,
T
O
R
A
,
D
S
R
a
nd
D
S
D
V
r
o
ut
i
ng
pr
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
in
m
o
bi
l
e
ad
-
ho
c
ne
t
w
o
r
ks
,
"
I
n
t
e
r
na
t
i
ona
l
J
ou
r
na
l
of
C
om
pu
t
e
r
N
e
t
w
or
k
and
I
n
f
or
m
a
t
i
on
Se
c
u
r
i
t
y
,
v
o
l
.
5,
no
.
3,
pp.
39
-
46
,
201
2.
B
I
O
G
R
A
P
H
I
ES
OF
A
U
T
H
O
R
S
M
u
h
am
m
ad
A
b
u
l
H
a
s
s
an
h
a
s
R
e
c
i
e
v
e
d
B
C
S
de
g
r
e
e
f
r
o
m
A
bdul
W
a
l
i
K
ha
n
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
M
a
r
d
a
n
no
w
pur
s
u
i
ng
M
a
s
t
e
r
i
n
C
o
m
put
e
r
S
c
i
e
nc
e
(
M
S
C
S
)
f
r
o
m
A
ba
s
y
n
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
P
e
s
ha
w
a
r
P
a
k
i
s
t
a
n
.
H
e
ha
s
P
ub
l
i
s
he
d
S
e
v
e
r
a
l
I
nt
e
r
na
t
i
o
na
l
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
.
H
i
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
s
i
n
c
l
ude
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
S
y
s
t
e
m
S
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
,
I
nt
r
us
i
o
n
D
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n,
I
nt
r
u
s
i
o
n
P
r
e
v
e
nt
i
o
n,
C
r
y
pt
og
r
a
phy
,
O
pt
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
T
e
c
hni
qu
e
s
,
W
S
N
,
t
he
I
o
T
,
a
nd
M
o
bi
l
e
A
d
-
hoc
N
e
t
w
o
r
ks
(
M
A
N
E
T
S
)
,
F
l
y
i
ng
A
d
-
hoc
N
e
t
w
o
r
ks
(
F
A
N
E
T
S
)
a
n
d
A
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
I
nt
e
l
l
i
g
e
nc
e
.
D
r
.
S
y
e
d
I
r
f
an
U
l
l
a
h
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
hi
s
m
a
s
t
e
r
de
g
r
e
e
f
r
o
m
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
o
f
P
e
s
ha
w
a
r
a
nd
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
hi
s
M
ph
i
l
a
nd
P
hD
f
r
o
m
I
s
l
a
m
i
c
I
nt
e
r
na
t
i
o
na
l
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
I
s
l
a
m
a
ba
d
.
H
i
s
f
i
e
l
d
o
f
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
i
s
D
a
t
a
a
n
d
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
S
e
c
ur
i
t
y
,
S
e
c
ur
e
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
hm
D
e
s
i
g
n,
S
e
c
ur
i
ng
da
t
a
o
n
P
r
i
v
a
t
e
a
n
d
pu
bl
i
c
c
ha
nne
l
s
,
S
e
c
ur
e
C
o
m
m
uni
c
a
t
i
o
n,
C
r
y
pt
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
a
n
d
B
r
e
a
ki
ng
c
o
de
.
C
ur
r
e
n
t
l
y
,
he
i
s
do
i
ng
h
i
s
j
o
b
a
s
A
s
s
i
s
t
a
n
t
P
r
o
f
e
s
s
o
r
i
n
A
ba
s
y
n
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
P
e
s
ha
w
a
r
a
n
d
i
s
s
upe
r
v
i
s
i
ng
M
S
a
n
d
P
hD
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
.
D
r
.
A
b
d
u
s
S
al
am
h
a
s
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
hi
s
M
a
s
t
e
r
D
e
g
r
e
e
f
r
o
m
Q
ua
i
d
-
e
-
A
z
a
m
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
I
s
l
a
m
a
ba
d
,
P
a
ki
s
t
a
n
a
nd
C
o
m
pl
e
t
e
d
h
i
s
P
hd
f
r
o
m
I
nt
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
na
l
I
s
l
a
m
i
c
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
I
s
l
a
m
a
b
a
d
,
P
a
ki
s
t
a
n.
H
e
ha
s
p
ubl
i
s
he
d
S
e
v
e
r
a
l
I
nt
e
r
na
t
i
o
na
l
J
o
ur
n
a
l
s
a
nd
C
o
nf
e
r
e
nc
e
s
.
A
bd
us
S
a
l
a
m
i
s
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
p
r
o
f
e
s
s
o
r
i
n
t
h
e
de
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
c
o
m
put
i
ng
,
A
ba
s
y
n
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
P
e
s
ha
w
a
r
.
H
i
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
f
o
c
us
e
s
o
n
a
w
i
de
r
a
ng
e
o
f
c
om
put
i
ng
pr
o
bl
e
m
s
,
f
r
o
m
da
t
a
a
c
qui
s
i
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
pr
o
c
e
s
s
i
ng
t
o
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
m
i
n
i
ng
t
o
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
e
ng
i
ne
e
r
i
ng
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
s
a
n
d
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
s
e
c
ur
i
t
y
.
H
e
i
s
p
a
r
t
i
c
ul
a
r
l
y
i
nt
e
r
e
s
t
e
d
i
n
m
a
ki
ng
c
om
put
e
r
s
do
m
o
r
e
w
i
t
h
l
e
s
s
he
l
p
f
r
o
m
us
,
l
e
a
r
n
f
r
o
m
e
xpe
r
i
e
nc
e
,
a
da
p
t
e
f
f
o
r
t
l
e
s
s
l
y
,
a
nd
d
i
s
c
o
v
e
r
ne
w
k
no
w
l
e
dg
e
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
Co
m
p
S
c
i
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
E
ne
r
g
y
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nt
hi
e
r
ar
c
h
i
c
a
l
bas
e
d
f
i
s
h
e
y
e
s
t
at
e
r
ou
t
i
ng
pr
o
t
oc
o
l
f
or
f
l
y
i
ng
…
(
Muham
m
ad
A
bu
l
H
as
s
an
)
471
A
r
b
ab
W
aj
i
d
U
l
l
a
h
K
h
an
c
ur
r
e
n
t
l
y
w
o
r
ki
ng
a
s
L
e
c
t
ur
e
r
i
n
D
e
pa
r
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
C
o
m
put
i
ng
a
nd
T
e
c
hno
l
o
gy
,
A
ba
s
y
n
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
P
e
s
ha
w
a
r
c
a
m
pus
,
P
a
k
i
s
t
a
n.
H
e
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
h
i
s
B
S
de
g
r
e
e
i
n
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
T
e
c
hno
l
o
gy
f
r
o
m
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
of
P
e
s
ha
w
a
r
a
nd
M
a
s
t
e
r
de
g
r
e
e
i
n
T
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
uni
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
nd
N
e
t
w
o
r
ki
ng
f
r
o
m
A
ba
s
y
n
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
P
e
s
ha
w
a
r
.
N
o
w
pur
s
u
i
n
g
hi
s
P
h
d
I
n
C
o
m
put
e
r
S
c
i
e
nc
e
f
r
o
m
C
o
m
s
a
t
s
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
I
s
l
a
m
a
ba
d,
W
a
h
C
o
m
pus
P
a
k
i
s
t
a
n.
H
e
ha
s
p
ubl
i
s
he
d
S
e
v
e
r
a
l
J
o
ur
na
l
s
a
nd
C
o
nf
e
r
e
nc
e
s
.
H
i
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
I
nt
e
r
e
s
t
s
I
nc
l
ude
M
o
bi
l
e
A
d
-
ho
c
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
(
M
A
N
E
T
)
,
W
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
B
o
d
y
A
r
e
a
N
e
t
w
o
r
ks
(
W
B
A
N
)
a
nd
S
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
D
e
f
i
ne
d
N
e
t
w
o
r
ks
.
M
u
h
am
m
ad
I
m
ad
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
hi
s
B
S
de
g
r
e
e
f
r
o
m
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
O
f
E
ng
i
ne
e
r
i
ng
A
nd
T
e
c
hno
l
ogy
,
P
e
s
h
a
w
a
r
a
n
d
no
w
pu
r
s
ui
ng
M
a
s
t
e
r
de
g
r
e
e
(
M
S
-
C
S
)
f
r
o
m
A
ba
s
y
n
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
P
e
s
h
a
w
a
r
,
P
a
k
i
s
t
a
n
.
H
e
ha
s
pub
l
i
s
h
e
d
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
i
n
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
n
t
e
r
na
t
i
o
na
l
j
o
ur
nl
a
s
.
H
i
s
a
r
e
a
o
f
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
i
n
I
m
a
g
e
P
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
ng
,
M
a
c
hi
n
e
L
e
a
r
ni
ng
,
A
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
I
nt
e
l
l
i
g
e
nc
e
a
nd
S
D
N
.
F
a
r
h
a
t
ha
s
r
e
c
i
v
e
d
B
S
de
g
r
e
e
f
o
r
m
uni
v
e
r
i
s
t
y
o
f
m
a
l
a
ka
nd
i
n
B
s
.
I
T
no
w
pur
s
ui
ng
M
a
s
t
e
r
de
g
r
e
e
(
M
S
-
C
S
)
f
o
r
m
A
ba
s
y
n
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
P
e
s
hw
a
r
P
a
k
i
s
t
a
n.
H
e
ha
s
publ
i
s
he
d
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
A
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
i
n
I
nt
e
r
na
t
i
o
na
l
J
o
ur
na
l
s
.
H
i
s
A
r
e
a
o
f
I
nt
e
r
e
s
t
i
n
P
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
ng
,
m
a
c
hi
ne
l
e
a
r
n
i
ng
,
de
e
p
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
a
nd
S
D
N
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.