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21
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RE
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f
s
e
c
ur
i
t
y
w
i
t
h
93.
2
%
,
t
h
a
t
o
f
a
ns
we
r
’
s
c
a
pa
c
i
t
y
w
i
t
h
90.
73%
a
n
d
e
m
p
a
t
hy
w
i
t
h
82.
8
7%
.
S
a
t
i
s
f
a
c
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
im
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
vi
r
t
ua
l
t
e
a
c
hi
ng
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
t
oo
l
s
i
s
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
to
t
h
e
a
de
qua
t
e
a
n
d
a
c
c
e
s
s
i
b
l
e
us
e
o
f
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
t
wa
r
e
dur
i
n
g
o
nli
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng,
whi
c
h
a
l
l
o
we
d
c
o
m
p
li
a
n
c
e
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
s
y
ll
a
bl
e
.
A
t
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
t
i
m
e
,
t
h
e
s
t
ude
n
t
s
f
e
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l
a
gr
e
a
t
s
a
t
i
s
f
a
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
s
e
c
ur
i
t
y
a
n
d
t
r
us
t
wh
e
n
t
h
e
tea
c
h
e
r
i
s
w
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ll
i
ng
t
o
h
e
l
p
t
h
e
m
i
n
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
t
he
s
im
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
t
wa
r
e
,
r
e
s
po
n
d
i
n
g
t
o
i
t
a
ppr
o
pr
i
a
t
e
l
y
a
n
d
qu
i
c
k
l
y
.
L
i
k
e
w
i
s
e
,
s
a
t
i
s
f
a
c
t
i
o
n
i
s
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
to
t
h
e
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
'
s
s
a
m
p
l
e
o
f
c
o
n
c
e
r
n
t
o
wa
r
ds
s
t
ude
n
t
s
r
e
ga
r
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
r
a
c
a
de
mi
c
n
e
e
d
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
i
r
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
s
e
x
pr
e
s
s
e
d
dur
i
n
g
t
h
e
o
nl
i
n
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
o
f
t
h
e
a
pp
l
i
e
d
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
c
o
ur
s
e
.
I
n
a
c
c
o
r
da
n
c
e
w
i
t
h
t
he
a
f
o
r
e
m
e
n
t
i
o
n
e
d,
i
n
[
27]
,
[
28]
i
t
i
s
s
pe
c
if
i
e
d
t
h
a
t
i
t
i
s
pr
e
po
n
de
r
a
n
t
a
n
d
r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t
f
o
r
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
to
de
v
e
l
o
p
s
k
i
ll
s
w
i
t
h
r
e
s
pe
c
t
to
t
h
e
us
e
o
f
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
t
oo
l
s
,
t
h
e
y
po
i
n
t
o
u
t
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
s
e
s
k
il
l
s
m
us
t
b
e
li
nke
d
t
o
t
h
e
s
o
-
c
a
l
l
e
d
s
o
f
t
s
k
il
l
s
s
i
nc
e
t
he
s
e
d
i
r
e
c
t
l
y
i
n
f
l
ue
n
c
e
s
a
t
s
i
f
a
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
ude
n
t
i
n
vi
r
t
ua
l
t
e
a
c
hi
n
g
a
n
d
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
e
nvi
r
o
nm
e
n
t
s
.
T
h
us
,
my
f
in
d
i
ngs
a
l
s
o
c
o
i
nc
i
de
w
i
t
h
t
h
o
s
e
i
nd
i
c
a
t
e
d
i
n
[
29]
,
s
i
nc
e
i
t
e
s
t
a
bli
s
h
e
s
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
pe
r
c
e
pt
i
o
n
o
f
s
t
ude
n
t
s
,
a
l
t
ho
ugh
i
t
i
s
t
r
ue
,
h
a
s
n
o
t
b
e
e
n
d
im
i
n
i
s
h
e
d
by
t
he
us
e
o
f
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
t
oo
l
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
pr
o
c
e
s
s
,
ho
we
v
e
r
b
o
t
h
s
t
ude
n
t
s
a
n
d
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
,
t
h
e
y
ha
v
e
e
v
o
l
v
e
d
s
i
g
nif
i
c
a
n
t
l
y
i
n
de
v
e
l
o
p
i
ng
t
h
e
i
r
s
k
il
l
s
a
n
d
a
bil
i
t
i
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
t
oo
l
s
;
a
n
d
he
r
e
I
hi
g
hli
gh
t
t
h
a
t
i
n
t
h
e
n
e
a
r
f
ut
ur
e
i
t
wo
ul
d
i
m
p
ly
u
n
de
r
t
hi
s
do
m
a
i
n
o
f
vi
r
t
ua
l
t
e
a
c
hi
ng
t
oo
l
s
t
o
m
o
v
e
t
o
a
hyb
r
i
d
-
t
y
p
e
t
e
a
c
hi
n
g
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
m
o
de
l
.
As
i
nd
i
c
a
t
e
d
i
n
[
30]
,
t
h
e
a
bil
i
t
y
t
o
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
t
s
e
c
ur
i
t
y
i
n
t
h
e
f
a
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
k
n
o
w
l
e
dge
a
c
qu
i
r
e
d
t
h
r
o
ugh
s
t
r
a
t
e
gi
e
s
a
n
d
d
i
da
c
t
i
c
too
l
s
i
nc
o
r
por
a
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
t
e
a
c
hi
ng
pr
o
c
e
s
s
i
s
o
f
gr
e
a
t
r
e
l
e
v
a
n
c
e
t
o
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
t
he
l
e
ve
l
o
f
s
t
ude
n
t
s
a
t
i
s
f
a
c
t
i
o
n
by
50.
6%
,
b
e
c
a
us
e
t
h
e
s
e
i
nd
ica
to
r
s
di
r
e
c
t
l
y
a
f
f
e
c
t
t
h
e
de
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
c
o
m
pr
e
h
e
ns
i
ve
t
r
a
i
ni
ng
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
ude
n
t
i
n
25.
8%
.
T
h
e
a
n
a
ly
s
i
s
s
ho
ws
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
a
s
pe
c
t
s
o
f
t
r
a
i
ni
ng
o
r
i
n
t
e
gr
a
l
de
ve
l
o
pm
e
n
t
,
v
a
l
ue
s
a
n
d
s
k
il
l
s
e
n
r
i
c
h
t
h
e
a
c
a
de
mi
c
o
r
pr
o
f
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
l
t
r
a
j
e
c
t
o
r
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
ude
n
t
s
,
b
e
i
ng
t
h
e
us
e
a
n
d
m
a
n
a
ge
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
im
po
r
t
a
n
t
f
a
c
t
or
i
n
t
h
e
pe
r
c
e
pt
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
ude
n
t
,
s
i
n
c
e
t
hi
s
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
s
t
h
e
a
c
a
de
mi
c
qua
l
i
t
y
o
f
U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
.
I
t
i
s
po
i
n
t
e
d
o
u
t
t
h
a
t
e
-
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
o
f
f
e
r
s
t
ude
n
t
s
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
v
e
r
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
,
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
pa
c
e
,
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
e
que
n
c
e
,
m
e
d
i
a
a
n
d
t
i
m
e
s
o
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
y
c
a
n
pe
r
s
o
na
l
i
z
e
t
h
e
i
r
e
x
pe
r
ien
c
e
s
t
o
a
c
hi
e
ve
t
h
e
i
r
pe
r
s
o
na
l
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
o
bj
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
,
b
e
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
t
a
l
i
n
t
e
r
f
a
c
e
de
s
i
g
n
t
o
e
nh
a
n
c
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
e
x
pe
r
i
e
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
i
nf
l
ue
n
c
e
us
e
r
pe
r
c
e
pt
i
o
n
o
f
a
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
pr
o
c
e
s
s
,
c
o
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
vi
r
t
ua
l
t
oo
l
s
c
r
e
a
t
e
c
o
m
m
u
ni
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
uc
h
a
s
o
nli
ne
d
i
s
c
us
s
i
o
n
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
b
e
t
we
e
n
t
e
a
c
he
r
s
a
n
d
s
t
ude
n
t
s
dur
i
n
g
t
e
a
c
hi
ng
a
c
t
i
vi
t
i
e
s
a
n
d
l
e
a
r
ni
ng,
a
s
we
ll
a
s
a
m
o
n
g
s
t
ude
n
t
s
,
t
h
e
s
e
a
c
t
i
vi
t
i
e
s
be
i
n
g
m
e
a
ni
ng
f
u
l
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
i
n
g
[
31]
.
I
n
t
hi
s
r
e
ga
r
d,
i
n
[
32]
,
i
t
i
s
s
pe
c
if
i
e
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
r
e
i
s
a
s
e
l
f
-
s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
o
f
s
t
ude
n
t
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
m
a
n
a
ge
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
t
oo
l
s
,
w
h
o
s
e
s
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
m
a
ke
s
t
h
e
m
f
e
e
l
c
a
pa
bl
e
o
f
s
o
l
vi
ng
a
ny
pr
o
bl
e
m
d
ur
i
n
g
t
h
e
t
e
a
c
hi
n
g
-
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
pr
o
c
e
s
s
;
h
o
we
v
e
r
,
t
h
e
o
p
i
ni
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
ude
n
t
s
i
s
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
m
a
s
t
e
r
y
o
f
t
h
e
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
w
i
t
h
r
e
s
pe
c
t
to
t
h
e
s
e
vi
r
t
ua
l
t
oo
l
s
,
a
s
we
ll
a
s
t
h
e
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
f
e
r
e
d
by
t
h
e
u
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
i
ns
i
g
h
t
s
,
a
r
e
pr
e
po
n
d
e
r
a
n
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
i
m
pr
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
vi
r
t
ua
l
l
e
a
r
ni
ng.
T
h
e
po
s
i
t
i
ve
i
nf
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
s
t
r
a
t
e
gi
e
s
i
n
vi
r
t
ua
l
t
e
a
c
hi
n
g
i
s
e
x
pr
e
s
s
e
d
i
n
[
33]
,
[
34]
w
h
e
r
e
i
t
is
c
o
n
c
l
ude
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
nc
e
o
f
s
t
ude
n
t
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
a
c
hi
e
ve
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
i
r
c
o
gni
t
i
ve
s
k
il
l
s
a
t
t
h
e
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
a
pp
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
t
hi
nk
i
ng
h
a
s
i
m
pr
o
v
e
d
by
a
t
l
e
a
s
t
30
%
-
40%
.
Due
to
t
h
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
f
t
e
a
c
hi
ng
t
h
r
o
ugh
t
e
c
hno
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
too
l
s
,
w
hi
c
h
n
o
t
o
nl
y
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
s
t
h
e
un
de
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
bj
e
c
t
,
b
ut
a
l
s
o
e
n
c
o
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RE
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NC
E
S
[
1]
B
.
S
e
mpr
ún,
a
nd
K
.
F
e
r
r
e
r
,
“
S
tu
d
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nt
s
a
ti
s
f
a
c
ti
o
n
in
a
B
i
oc
he
mi
s
tr
y
c
o
ur
s
e
:
a
n
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
a
f
t
e
r
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ppl
y
in
g
n
e
ur
o
di
da
c
ti
c
s
tr
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
,
”
San Gr
e
-
gor
io
J
our
nal
, v
o
l.
1, n
o
. 38, pp. 1
-
14, 2020, d
o
i:
10.3
6097/r
s
a
n.v
1i
38.1241.
[
2]
A
.
K
a
ma
l,
N
.
M
o
hd,
L
.
T
r
una
,
M
.
S
a
br
i
,
a
nd
S
.
J
una
in
i,
“
T
r
a
ns
it
io
ni
ng
t
o
o
nl
in
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
dur
in
g
C
O
V
I
D
-
19
P
a
nd
e
mi
c
:
C
a
s
e
S
tu
d
y
of
a
P
r
e
-
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
y
C
e
nt
r
e
in
M
a
la
y
s
ia
,
”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
A
dv
anc
e
d C
om
put
e
r
Sc
ie
n
c
e
and
A
ppl
ic
at
io
ns
(
I
J
A
C
SA
)
,
vo
l.
11
, n
o
. 6, pp. 217
-
223, 2020, d
oi
:
10.14569/I
J
A
C
S
A
.2020.0110628.
[
3]
S
.
R
o
m
e
r
o
-
O
c
s
a
s
,
“
S
tu
de
nt
s
a
ti
s
f
a
c
ti
o
n
in
th
e
ma
s
t
e
r
'
s
d
e
gr
e
e
s
in
e
du
c
a
ti
o
n
a
t
th
e
U
ni
ve
r
s
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d
N
a
ti
o
na
l
M
a
y
or
de
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a
n
M
a
r
c
o
s
,
”
V
al
di
z
ia
n R
e
s
e
ar
c
h J
ou
r
nal
, vo
l.
15, n
o
. 1, pp. 7
-
16, 2021, d
o
i
:
10.35554/r
i
v
.15.1.804.
[
4]
A
.
A
li
a
nd
F
.
M
o
ha
mm
e
d,
“
M
e
a
s
ur
in
g
qua
li
t
y
of
E
-
L
e
a
r
ni
ng
a
nd
D
e
s
a
ir
e
2
L
e
a
r
n
in
th
e
C
o
ll
e
ge
of
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e
n
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e
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nd
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uma
ni
ti
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s
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ni
v
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s
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I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
A
dv
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nc
e
d
C
om
put
e
r
Sc
ie
nc
e
and
A
ppl
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at
io
ns
(
I
J
A
C
SA
)
,
vo
l.
9,
n
o
.
1,
pp. 61
-
72, 2020, do
i
:
10.14569/I
J
A
C
S
A
.2018.090170.
[
5]
I
.
A
mo
a
k
o
a
nd
K
.
A
s
a
mo
a
h
-
G
y
im
a
h,
“
I
ndi
c
a
t
o
r
s
of
s
tu
de
nt
s
'
s
a
ti
s
f
a
c
ti
o
n
of
qua
li
t
y
e
du
c
a
ti
o
n
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
in
s
o
me
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
uni
ve
r
s
it
i
e
s
i
n G
ha
-
na
,
”
Sout
h
A
f
r
ic
an J
ou
r
nal
of
H
ig
h
e
r
E
duc
a
ti
on
,
vo
l.
35, n
o
. 4, pp. 61
-
72, 2020, d
o
i:
10.20853/34
-
5
-
4252.
[
6]
H
.
H
a
f
i
z
a
a
nd
R
.
I
br
a
hi
m,
“
D
is
ta
nc
e
E
du
c
a
ti
o
n
du
r
in
g
C
O
V
I
D
-
19
P
a
nd
e
mi
c
:
T
he
P
e
r
c
e
pt
i
o
ns
a
nd
P
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
of
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
y
S
tu
de
nt
s
in
M
a
-
la
y
s
ia
T
o
w
a
r
ds
O
nl
in
e
L
e
a
r
ni
ng
,
”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
A
dv
a
nc
e
d
C
om
put
e
r
Sc
ie
n
c
e
and
A
ppl
ic
at
io
ns
(
I
J
A
C
SA
)
,
vo
l.
12, n
o
. 4, pp. 118
-
126, 2021, d
o
i:
10.14569/I
J
A
C
S
A
. 2021.0120416.
[
7]
Y
. J
im
é
ne
z
, F
.
M
a
pé
n
,
a
nd G
. M
a
r
tí
ne
z
, “
M
e
a
s
ur
e
me
n
t
of
s
a
ti
s
f
a
c
ti
o
n w
it
h un
i
v
e
r
s
it
y
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
i
n P
o
s
tg
r
a
dua
te
s
tu
d
e
nt
s
:
s
tu
d
y
a
t
a
P
ub
li
c
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
y
,
”
J
our
nal
o
f
A
c
ade
m
ic
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
W
it
hout
B
o
r
de
r
s
:
D
iv
is
io
n
o
f
E
c
onomic
and
So
c
ia
l
Sc
ie
nc
e
s
,
v
o
l.
32,
no
.
13,
pp. 1
-
20, 2020, do
i
:
10.46589/r
di
a
s
f
.
v
i3
2.305.
[
8]
O
.
P
e
r
e
ir
a
,
“
I
ns
ti
tu
ti
o
na
l
im
a
ge
a
nd
mi
s
s
i
o
na
r
y
f
ul
f
il
lm
e
nt
a
s
p
r
e
di
c
t
o
r
s
of
s
a
ti
s
f
a
c
ti
o
n
,
”
U
ni
v
e
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s
it
y
N
ot
e
s
J
our
nal
,
v
o
l.
11,
n
o.
3,
pp. 226
-
240, 2021, do
i
:
10.17162/au.v
11
i3
.703.
[
9]
L
.
M
.
H
a
s
a
ni
,
H
.
R
.
A
dna
n,
D
.
I
.
S
e
ns
us
e
,
K
a
ut
s
a
r
in
a
,
a
nd
R
.
R
.
S
ur
y
on
o
,
“
F
a
c
t
or
s
a
f
f
e
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ti
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tu
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s
pe
r
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d
r
e
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di
n
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o
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upt
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s
ta
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le
a
r
ni
ng
a
do
pt
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o
n:
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nd
o
n
e
s
ia
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ghe
r
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duc
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ti
o
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pe
r
s
pe
c
ti
ve
s
,
”
In
2020
3r
d
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
C
on
f
e
r
e
nc
e
on
C
om
p
ut
e
r
and I
nf
or
m
at
ic
s
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g (
I
C
2I
E
)
,
2020,
pp. 286
-
292, d
o
i:
1
0.1109/i
c
2i
e
50715.2020.9274640.
[
10]
T
.
M
ut
hupr
a
s
a
d,
S
.
A
is
w
a
r
y
a
,
K
.
S
.
A
di
t
y
a
,
a
nd
G
.
K
.
J
ha
,
“
S
tu
de
nt
s
’
p
e
r
c
e
pt
i
o
n
a
nd
p
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
f
or
o
nl
in
e
e
du
c
a
ti
o
n
in
I
ndi
a
dur
in
g C
O
V
I
D
-
19 pa
nde
mi
c
,
”
Soc
ia
l
Sc
ie
nc
e
s
&
H
um
ani
ti
e
s
O
pe
n
, vo
l.
3, n
o
. 1, 202
1
, d
o
i:
10.2139/s
s
r
n. 3596056
.
[
11]
T
.
C
he
n,
L
.
P
e
ng,
X
.
Y
in
,
J
.
R
o
ng,
J
.
Y
a
ng,
a
nd
G
.
C
o
ng,
“
A
n
a
l
y
s
is
of
us
e
r
s
a
ti
s
f
a
c
t
i
o
n
w
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h
o
nl
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e
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duc
a
ti
o
n
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la
t
f
o
r
ms
in
C
hi
na
dur
in
g t
he
C
O
V
I
D
-
19 pa
nd
e
mi
c
,
”
H
e
al
th
c
ar
e
, v
ol
. 8, n
o
. 3, 20
20, do
i:
10.3390/h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
r
e
8030200.
[
12]
C
.
C
o
ma
n,
L
.
G
.
Ț
îr
u,
L
.
M
e
s
e
ș
a
n
-
S
c
hmi
tz
,
C
.
S
ta
nc
iu
,
a
nd
M
.
C
.
B
ul
a
r
c
a
,
“
O
nl
in
e
te
a
c
hi
ng
a
nd
le
a
r
ni
ng
in
hi
gh
e
r
e
du
c
a
ti
o
n
dur
in
g
th
e
c
o
r
o
-
na
v
i
r
us
pa
nde
mi
c
:
S
tu
d
e
nt
s
’
p
e
r
s
pe
c
ti
ve
,
”
Sus
ta
in
abi
li
ty
,
vo
l.
12,
n
o
.
24,
pp.
1
-
22,
2020,
do
i:
10.3390/s
u1224103
67.
[
13]
K
.
M
ukht
a
r
,
K
.
J
a
ve
d,
M
.
A
r
oo
j,
a
nd
A
S
e
th
i,
“
A
d
v
a
nt
a
ge
s
,
li
mi
ta
ti
o
ns
a
nd
r
e
c
o
mm
e
nda
ti
o
ns
f
o
r
o
nl
in
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
dur
in
g
C
O
V
I
D
-
19 pa
nde
mi
c
e
r
a
”
,
P
ak
is
ta
n j
our
nal
of
m
e
di
c
al
s
c
ie
nc
e
s
, v
o
l.
36
, pp. S
27
-
S
31, 2020, d
o
i:
10.12669/pj
ms
.36.C
O
V
I
D
19
-
S
4.2785
.
[
14]
H
.
R
iz
o
,
“
U
ti
li
z
in
g
th
e
A
T
M
te
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
in
E
-
di
s
ta
nc
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng,”
I
ndone
s
ia
n
J
our
nal
o
f
E
le
c
t
r
ic
al
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
and
C
om
p
ut
e
r
Sc
ie
nc
e
(
I
J
E
E
C
S)
, vol
. 20, pp. 1016
-
1029, 2020, d
o
i:
10.11591/
ij
e
e
c
s
.
v
20.i
2.pp1016
-
1029
.
[
15]
S
. A
bdul
m
o
hs
in
, “
C
o
mput
e
r
s
tu
de
nt
s
a
tt
i
tu
de
s
o
n
t
h
e
i
nt
e
gr
a
ti
on of
m
-
L
e
a
r
ni
ng A
ppl
i
c
a
ti
o
ns
,
”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
A
dv
an
c
e
d
C
om
put
e
r
Sc
ie
n
c
e
and A
ppl
ic
at
io
ns
(
I
J
A
C
SA
)
,
vo
l.
10, n
o
. 6, p
p. 103
-
108, 2019, do
i
:
10.14569/I
J
A
C
S
A
.2019.0100615.
[
16]
N
.
S.
S
a
br
a
z
, “
U
ni
v
e
r
s
it
y
s
tu
de
nt
s
’
i
nt
e
nt
i
o
n
t
o us
e
e
-
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
y
s
te
ms
,
”
I
nt
e
r
ac
ti
v
e
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
and Smar
t
E
duc
at
io
n
,
vo
l.
16,
no
.
3, pp. 219
-
238, 2019, do
i
:
10.1108/I
T
S
E
-
11
-
2018
-
0092.
[
17]
R
.
M
a
ji
d
a
nd
J
.
H
a
s
im
,
“
T
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
s
s
of
f
r
o
g
V
L
E
im
pl
e
me
nt
a
ti
o
n:
S
tu
de
n
ts
’
pe
r
s
pe
c
ti
ve
,”
I
ndone
s
ia
n
J
our
n
al
of
E
le
c
tr
ic
al
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g and C
om
put
e
r
S
c
ie
nc
e
(
I
J
E
E
C
S)
, vo
l.
14, pp. 381
-
387, 2019, do
i:
10.11591/i
je
e
c
s
.v
14.
i1
.pp381
-
387
.
[
18]
H
.
H
.
R
.
A
z
a
mi
a
nd
R
.
I
br
a
hi
m,
“
D
e
ve
l
o
pm
e
nt
a
nd
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
of
ma
s
s
iv
e
o
pe
n
o
nl
in
e
c
o
ur
s
e
(
M
O
O
C
)
a
s
a
s
uppl
e
me
nt
a
r
y
le
a
r
ni
ng
t
oo
l:
A
n
in
it
ia
l
s
tu
d
y
,
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I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
A
dv
a
nc
e
d
C
om
put
e
r
Sc
ie
nc
e
and
A
ppl
ic
at
io
ns
(
I
J
A
C
SA
)
,
vo
l.
10,
n
o
.
7,
pp. 532
-
537, 2019, do
i
:
10.14569/i
ja
c
s
a
.2019.0100773.
[
19]
H
.
H
.
R
a
z
a
mi
a
nd
R
.
I
br
a
hi
m,
“
I
n
ve
s
ti
ga
ti
ng
th
e
f
a
c
t
or
s
th
a
t
in
f
lu
e
n
c
e
th
e
a
c
c
e
pt
a
nc
e
of
M
O
O
C
a
s
a
s
uppl
e
me
nt
a
r
y
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
t
oo
l
in
hi
ghe
r
e
du
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
J
our
nal
of
A
dv
anc
e
d
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
in
D
y
na
m
ic
al
and
C
ont
r
ol
Sy
s
te
m
s
,
v
o
l.
12,
n
o
.
3,
pp.
522
-
530,
2020,
do
i:
10.5373/J
A
R
D
C
S
/V12I
3/
20201219.
[
20]
J
.
G
a
r
c
e
s
a
nd
C
.
M
o
ta
,
“
L
e
a
r
n
in
g
s
tr
a
te
gi
e
s
to
mi
ti
ga
t
e
s
tu
de
n
t
dr
o
p
o
ut
in
th
e
f
r
a
me
w
o
r
k
of
C
ov
id
-
19
,
”
D
is
c
ip
li
nar
y
J
ou
r
na
l
in
E
c
onomic
and Soc
ia
l
Sc
ie
nc
e
s
, v
o
l.
2, np. 1, pp. 49
-
55, 2020, d
o
i:
10.47666/s
umm
a
.2.
e
s
p.06.
[
21]
S
.
S
mi
r
n
ov
a
nd
A
.
I
ba
t
ov
a
,
“
T
r
a
in
in
g
o
n
p
r
of
e
s
s
io
na
l
f
or
e
ig
n
l
a
ngua
ge
f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
nt
s
of
e
ngi
n
e
e
r
in
g
s
pe
c
ia
lt
i
e
s
:
I
mpl
e
m
e
nt
a
ti
on
of
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
ni
c
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
,”
I
ndone
s
ia
n
J
our
nal
of
E
le
c
tr
ic
al
E
ng
in
e
e
r
in
g
and
C
om
put
e
r
Sc
ie
nc
e
(
I
J
E
E
C
S)
,
vol
.
18,
pp.
301
-
309,
2019, do
i:
0.11591/i
je
e
c
s
.v
18.
i1
.pp301
-
309.
[
22]
B
.
P
a
s
to
r
a
a
nd
A
.
F
ue
nt
e
s
,
“
P
la
nni
ng
te
a
c
hi
ng
s
tr
a
te
g
ie
s
in
a
v
i
r
tu
a
l
le
a
r
ni
ng
e
n
v
ir
o
n
me
nt
,
”
U
is
r
ae
l
R
e
v
is
ta
C
ie
nt
íf
ic
a
,
v
o
l.
8,
no
.
1, pp. 59
-
76, 2021, do
i
:
10.35290/r
c
ui
.
v
8n1.2021.341.
[
23]
D
.
P
á
s
to
r
,
G
.
A
r
c
o
s
,
a
nd
A
.
L
a
gun
e
s
,
“
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
nt
of
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e
s
e
a
r
c
h
c
a
pa
c
it
i
e
s
f
or
uni
ve
r
s
it
y
s
tu
de
nt
s
th
r
o
ugh
th
e
us
e
of
in
s
tr
u
c
ti
o
na
l
s
tr
a
te
gi
e
s
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n
v
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r
tu
a
l
le
a
r
ni
ng e
n
vi
r
o
nm
e
nt
s
,
”
O
pe
ni
ng J
our
nal
,
vo
l.
12, n
o
. 1, pp. 6
-
21, 2020, d
oi
:
10.32870/Ap.
v
12n1. 1842.
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[
24]
K
.
A
r
a
i,
“
C
ompr
e
he
ns
i
ve
e
-
L
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
s
im
ul
a
ti
o
n
c
a
pa
bi
li
ti
e
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f
o
r
und
e
r
s
ta
ndi
ng
of
c
o
mpl
e
x
e
qua
ti
o
ns
,
”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
A
dv
anc
e
d
C
o
m
put
e
r
Sc
ie
n
c
e
and
A
ppl
ic
at
io
ns
(
I
J
A
C
SA
)
,
vo
l.
10,
n
o
.
11,
pp.
330
-
335,
2019,
do
i:
10.14569/I
J
A
C
S
A
.2019.0101146.
[
25]
A
.
R
a
mo
s
,
M
.
A
ld
ude
,
J
.
E
s
tr
a
da
,
V
.
S
e
ña
s
,
a
nd
L
.
A
ndr
a
de
-
A
r
e
na
s
,
“
A
na
l
y
s
is
of
th
e
us
e
of
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
gi
c
a
l
to
o
ls
in
uni
ve
r
s
it
y
hi
ghe
r
e
du
c
a
ti
o
n
us
in
g
th
e
s
of
t
s
y
s
t
e
ms
me
th
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
,
”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
o
f
A
dv
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e
d
C
om
put
e
r
Sc
ie
n
c
e
and
A
ppl
ic
at
io
ns
(
I
J
A
C
SA
)
,
vo
l.
11, n
o
. 7, pp. 412
-
420, 2020, d
o
i:
10.14569/I
J
A
C
S
A
. 2020.0110754.
[
26]
T
.
F
o
nt
a
l
vo
,
E
.
D
e
la
H
oz
,
a
nd
N
.
M
a
r
r
ugo
,
“
P
e
r
f
or
ma
nc
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
a
nd
e
f
f
ic
ie
n
c
y
a
na
l
y
s
is
of
th
e
s
ig
ma
le
ve
l
in
th
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
of
th
e
qua
li
t
y
of
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
in
a
hi
gh
e
r
e
duc
a
ti
o
n
in
s
ti
tu
ti
o
n
,
”
U
ni
v
e
r
s
it
y
tr
ai
ni
ng
J
our
nal
l
,
vo
l.
13,
n
o
.
6,
pp.
247
-
254,
2020,
do
i:
10.4067/S
0718
-
50062020000600247.
[
27]
A
.
A
nt
ón
-
S
a
nc
h
o
,
D
.
V
e
r
ga
r
a
,
a
nd
P
.
F
e
r
ná
nd
e
z
-
A
r
ia
s
,
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S
e
l
f
-
A
s
s
e
s
s
me
nt
of
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of
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ki
ll
s
of
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ni
v
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28]
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31]
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32]
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-
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33]
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