TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol. 12, No. 8, August 201
4, pp. 5766 ~ 5773
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
12i8.624
7
5766
Re
cei
v
ed Ma
rch 4, 2
014;
Re
vised
Ma
y 21, 2014; Accepted June 5,
2014
PLC Scada Based Fault Identification and Protection for
Three Phase In
duction Motor
L
.
Ve
n
k
a
t
es
an
*
1
,
S. Kanagav
a
lli
2
,
P.R. Aarthi
3
,
K.S. Yamuna
4
1
Departme
n
t of PED, Sona Co
lleg
e
of T
e
chnolo
g
y
, Sa
lem, T
a
mil Nadu, India
2,4
Department of EEE, Sona Coll
eg
e of T
e
c
hno
log
y
, Sa
le
m,
T
a
mil Nadu,
India
3
Departme
n
t of EIE, Ne
w
Prin
ce Shri Bhav
an
i Coll
eg
e of En
gin
eeri
ng a
nd
T
e
chnolog
y, C
hen
nai, T
a
mil
N
a
du
, In
d
i
a
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: venkatesa
n
.c
ontrol@
gma
il.c
o
m
1
, kanaga
nc
hal
a@gm
ail.co
m
2
,
jeh
o
vah
aar@
g
mail.com
3
, y
a
m
una.so
na@
gm
ail.com
4
A
b
st
r
a
ct
T
o
d
a
y
overvolta
ge, over current, overl
oad, ov
er
temper
ature, and u
nder
vo
ltage ar
e the mos
t
commonly
occ
u
rred
pro
b
l
e
ms in
prot
ection
circuits
of i
n
ductio
n
mot
o
r. W
e
us
ual
ly
desi
gn Pr
otect
i
o
n
circuits w
i
th co
mp
on
ents suc
h
as ti
mers, co
ntactors an
d c
u
rrent rel
a
ys. In ord
e
r to red
u
ce the
mec
han
ica
l
compo
nents
u
s
age w
e
pr
efer
to use Pers
on
al Co
mput
er (
P
C) an
d Progr
ammabl
e L
ogi
c Contro
ller (P
LC)
.
In this
met
hod
Inductio
n
moto
rs current, vo
ltage, S
p
e
ed, te
mp
eratur
e va
lu
es a
nd fa
ult oc
curred
history
a
r
e
mo
nitor
ed in P
C
w
i
th an Alar
m Messa
ge d
u
r
ing fau
l
t
occur
r
ence. PLC-
ba
sed protecti
on
meth
ods ar
e costs
less, provi
des
hig
her accur
a
c
y
w
i
th safe mode of
o
perati
on w
hen co
mpare
d
w
i
th the other protecti
o
n
system
s.
Ke
y
w
ords
:
fau
l
t Identificatio
n,
inducti
on
moto
r (IM) prot
ection, progra
mmab
l
e contro
l contr
o
ller (P
LC)
Copy
right
©
2014 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
In
many
Indu
strial appli
c
ati
ons we use AC
i
ndu
ction
Motors a
s
Actuators. F
ault
occu
rs
in t
h
is
ca
se
whe
n
w
e
a
p
p
ly
more
st
re
ss
on it
.
We
can e
a
sily
av
oid Initial Fau
l
ts on Indu
ction
motor by
Various M
onitoring method
s. T
w
o type
s
of
Monitori
ng te
chni
que
s are
the
con
v
entional
and the
digital
techniq
u
e
s
.
Monitori
ng
Device
s
can
b
e
a
rra
nge
d fo
r mo
nitori
ng t
he th
ree
ph
a
s
e In
du
ction
motor
by
usin
g Ele
c
tri
c
al
and
Me
chani
cal
Units. On Mot
o
r
we
will u
s
e
sen
s
o
r
s for
sen
s
in
g
stator
insul
a
tion f
a
il
ure
s
. Man
y
rese
arche
r
s
h
a
ve expe
ri
me
ntally tested
t
he Pe
rform
a
nce
of In
du
ction
Motor
by mo
nitoring
p
r
o
c
e
ss.
In
this pa
per,
S
C
ADA i
n
terfaced
wit
h
PL
C i
s
u
s
e
d
to m
onitor the
values of the
v
o
ltage
s,
cu
rrents, tempe
r
a
t
ures,
and
sp
eed
of
t
he th
ree p
hase in
d
u
ction
moto
r. In
this
pape
r
,
fo
r
con
s
ide
r
ing
all the v
a
riabl
es
of the mot
o
r
w
e
u
s
e
a
n
anal
og-to
-d
igital
con
v
ersi
on
(AD
C
)
ca
rd.
By Using Microcontroller t
here a
r
e vari
ous
so
lution i
dentified to trouble
s
h
oot erro
rs o
n
the cu
rre
nts, voltages, sp
eed, and the
windi
ng temp
eratu
r
e
s
of an Inductio
n
M
o
tor in op
erat
ing
mode
[3]. Re
cently
o
n
con
t
rol circuits
p
r
og
ramm
able
logi
c controll
er (PLC) are
widely used
i
n
indu
strial
aut
omation
sy
stems. T
h
e
in
put te
mp
erat
ure
sen
s
ors mod
u
le
s
can b
e
di
re
ct
ly
con
n
e
c
ted to
the input an
d the output comp
one
nts
su
ch a
s
co
ntactors, rel
a
ys and sol
enoi
d
valves are
co
nne
cted to ou
tput ports o
n
PLC [7].
In PLC al
so
we
can
achi
eve fault ide
n
tifica
tion a
s
we d
o
with
Micro controller. PIC
appli
c
ation
can b
e
repla
c
ed e
a
sily by
PLC
Cont
rol.
In
this
p
ape
r is cha
p
ter
II we discu
s
s
a
bout
the PLCs
.
c
h
apter III presents
P
r
otec
tion Sys
t
em
implemented
details of Sy
s
t
em, Elec
tronic
Circuits and
PLC
softwa
r
e. Cha
p
ter I
V
Experimen
tal Analysi
s
setup of IM fa
ult detectio
n
and
prote
c
tion. Th
e resea
r
ch is
finally con
c
lu
ded in Chapt
er V.
2. Programmable Logic Con
t
roller
A PLC
C
ontr
o
lle
r
is
u
s
e
d
for
a
u
tomati
on
processe
s to
sen
s
e, acti
v
a
te, a
n
d
control
indu
strial
eq
uipment.
A
PLC
h
a
s
a
n
u
mbe
r
of
I/O
port
s
w
h
i
c
h
allo
ws
ele
c
tri
c
al
sign
als
to
be
interf
ace
d
. Th
e
basi
c
st
ru
cture of
the
PLC
is
sho
w
n
in
Figure 1.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
PLC Sca
da Base
d Fault Identification a
nd Prot
e
c
tion
for Thre
e Phase
…
(L.Ven
kate
san
)
5767
Figure 1. Basic Structu
r
e o
f
PLC
In this resea
r
ch
we
use PL
C to me
asure
IM
the curre
n
t, voltage, temperature,
speed via
Analog Input.
Also we
can
contin
uou
sly monito
r the in
puts an
d co
ntrol the sig
nal
[6].
For Expe
rime
ntal analy
s
is
Siemen
s S7-200 PL
C m
o
dule
with 14/
10 digital i
n
p
u
t/ output
addresse
s wi
th CPU 224
sample
(14
∗
DI 24 V dc/10
∗
DO 24
V dc) is p
r
ef
erred. STEP 7—
Micro/Win 3
2
prog
ram
m
er
wa
s use
d
to Rea
d
/Wri
te p
r
og
ram in PL
C. We ca
n use ladde
r diag
ram
(LAD) p
r
og
ra
mming lan
g
u
age
s. PLC la
dder
pro
g
ram
is develo
ped
and loa
ded i
n
to PLC me
mory
throug
h RS2
32-RS48
5 Cable. While
the
p
r
og
ram
prep
ared fo
r tran
sferring
to PLC f
r
om
the
comp
uter, the
most impo
rta
n
t point is we
need to u
s
e
same
bau
d rate betwe
en t
he PLC a
nd t
h
e
comp
uter.
For
readi
ng
analo
g
sig
nal
as PL
C'S in
put we
nee
d
to use
an a
nalog m
odul
e. Analog
module
s
u
s
u
a
lly available
with 8 or 12
bit syst
ems.
Inputs a
r
e ex
pre
s
sed a
s
A, B, C, and D in
the Analog
module. O
n
ly word
can
be proc
e
s
se
d by each
chann
el, so
Analog data
are
pro
c
e
s
sed first, and then,
they are tra
n
sformed
int
o
digital data
.
Analog me
asu
r
em
ent si
gnal
s
can
not be di
rectly read b
y
an PLC si
nce it se
n
s
e
s
only logi
c
sign
als. So
analo
g
mod
u
l
e is
need
ed for
sensi
ng the fo
ur an
alog
sig
nal input
s. T
he pha
se
cu
rre
nts a
nd th
e voltage
s, the
temperature,
and the spee
d of motor va
lues a
r
e the
analo
g
sig
nal
s mea
s
u
r
ed
with this an
al
og
module. Fig
u
re 2, sho
w
s th
e Analog an
d
digital PLC module.
Figure 2. Analog and
Digita
l PLC Modul
e
3. Protectio
n Sy
stem of Induction M
o
tor
The Th
ree
p
hase indu
ctio
n motor
prot
ection
ci
rcuit
layout is
sh
own i
n
Figu
re 3. The
measurement
ca
rd
con
s
i
s
ts of the
cu
rre
n
t tran
sf
orm
e
r, the voltage
tran
sform
e
r,
the roto
r
spe
ed
is me
asure
d
by an en
co
d
e
r, an
d wi
ndi
ng temp
er
atu
r
e i
s
me
asured by the te
mperature
Se
nso
r
[4].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 8, August 2014: 576
6 –
5773
5768
Figure 3. Protection Syste
m
Layout
3.1. Sy
stem
The protectio
n
system u
s
e
d
here
con
s
i
s
ts
of an 1.5kW/280
0r/min
three
-
ph
ase Indu
ction
motor. A Li
n
ear te
mpe
r
at
ure
se
nsor
with ratio
of 1
0
mV for
ea
ch 1°
C in
crea
sing
tempe
r
a
t
ure,
and
we
u
s
e
i
n
creme
n
tal e
n
co
der
with 3
60 p
u
lse p
e
r
revolution
for sp
eed
me
asurem
ent, a
true
RMS to DC
Conversion
ca
rd and S7 200
serie
s
PL
C. System Proto
t
ype is sho
w
n
in Figure 4.
Figure 4. Hardwa
re Ci
rcuit (mea
su
rem
e
nt card
and RMS to DC Co
nversi
on card
)
3.2. Electronic Circuits
Thre
e Pha
s
e
current & Voltage tran
sf
orme
r are used in Prote
c
tion mea
s
u
r
e
m
ent ca
rd
circuits to m
easure th
e Indu
ction Mot
o
r curr
ent & voltages a
s
sho
w
n in F
i
gure 5 [9]. In
Measuri
ng card we use
Op Amp, Gain Potentio
me
ter and filter circuit to cha
nge the pre
s
ent
value. RMS to DC
Co
nversion
card
receives
sig
nal f
r
om thi
s
Mea
s
ureme
n
t card a
s
sho
w
n
i
n
Figure 4.
An Increme
n
tal en
cod
e
r
conne
cted
on
motor
shaft t
o
mea
s
u
r
e th
e sp
eed
of th
e motor,
as
sh
own in
Figure 5.
Co
n
v
ersio
n
circuit
sh
own in
Fig
u
re
6
will
con
v
ert the
s
e P
W
N si
gnal
to
DC
voltage. LM-35 Tem
p
e
r
at
ure
se
nso
r
i
s
pla
c
e
d
on
motor
coil
s is u
s
ed
to
mea
s
ure th
e
temperature
of the motor.
The
LM
-35 sensor can pro
duce
10
mV voltages per 1°C
[2
1].
On PLC
Analog m
o
d
u
le inp
u
t re
ceive
s
the
coil tempe
r
at
ure.
Whe
n
motor
coil
reache
s ove
r
the
pre
s
crib
ed
coil tempe
r
atu
r
e th
en PL
C co
ntrol
will
automatically stop
the
Runnin
g
moto
r to
prevent da
ma
ge to Coil Burn/Overloa
din
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
PLC Sca
da Base
d Fault Identification a
nd Prot
e
c
tion
for Thre
e Phase
…
(L.Ven
kate
san
)
5769
Figure 5. Three Phase IM with Increme
n
tal Encod
e
r
Figure 6. PWM to DC Vo
ltage Conversi
on Circuit
The AD5
36A
directly gen
erate
s
the tru
e
RM
S value
of any input waveform
containin
g
AC and
DC
comp
one
nts
[19]. For ch
a
nging the
cu
rre
nt & voltages valu
es o
n
RMS to DC
conve
r
si
on
we used Pote
ntiometers a
nd filter
circu
i
ts. PLC Inp
u
t module
re
ceives
conve
r
t
ed
curre
n
t & voltage value
s
from RMS to DC Co
nversion
card.
3.3. PLC Soft
w
a
r
e
On
PL
C software we go with
L
adde
r p
r
og
rammi
ng method
fo
r
p
e
rformi
ng co
ntrol
ta
sks.
After creating
the L
add
er
p
r
og
ram
we
ca
n ru
n a
nd
pe
rform
simulati
on te
st on
software
an
d the
n
prog
ram
can
be downloa
d
ed in to PLC's memo
ry. Flow ch
art of the prog
ram is
sho
w
n in Fig
u
re
7.
The softwa
r
e
data are three ph
ase volt
age
s (
V
1,
V
2,
V
3), three p
hase current
s (
I
1,
I
2,
I
3), spe
ed (
nr
), and tempe
r
ature (
TC
) of the IM, as sh
own in Fig
u
re
7.
The m
o
tor tra
n
sie
n
t time i
s
100m
s
whi
c
h
is
cont
rolled
continuo
usly
b
y
the PL
C p
r
o
g
ram.
whe
n
the transie
nt time is gre
a
ter tha
n
the def
ined
time, then p
r
og
ram shifts to execute the
control pro
c
e
dure to se
nd
Stop Control
sign
al, and
the motor is sto
pped when it receives
sign
al
from the PL
C [7]. Results
are
displayed
at the en
d. T
r
an
sient
and
rene
w time
s
on softwa
r
e
can
be ch
ang
ed
whe
n
motor l
oad chan
ge
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 8, August 2014: 576
6 –
5773
5770
Figure 7. Flowchart of the
Software
Dev
e
lope
d
Table 1
No
w the software directly
display
s
the
pha
se volta
ges, the p
h
a
s
e
curre
n
ts, the roto
r
spe
ed, and t
he motor te
mperature o
n
the PLC in
terfaced. Fro
m
these dat
a's only tole
rance
values will
b
e
de
cid
ed. T
he p
r
og
ram
continue
s to
run until data's are withi
n
specified limits. If
there i
s
n
o
v
a
lue to
rea
d
, then p
r
og
ra
m will
re
st
art
ed to read
a
nd calculate t
he ne
w volta
ges,
curre
n
ts,
spe
ed, an
d temp
eratu
r
e
(
V
1
, V
2
, V
3
, I
1
, I
2
, I
3
, nr ,
and
Tc
). Wh
en fault
occu
rs,
t
he
prog
ram
com
pare
s
th
e th
ree p
h
a
s
e vol
t
ages, th
re
e
pha
se
cu
rren
ts, sp
eed,
an
d tempe
r
atu
r
e
with their set values, an
d the motor i
s
stopped by
re
ceiving a
sto
p
control sig
n
a
l from the PLC
with an error
messag
es o
n
pc. When a
n
undefined fa
ult occu
rs, the motor stop
s without givi
ng
any descri
p
tion. From the
databa
se
file
we can see the histo
r
y
of probl
em
s occurred. Prote
c
tion
circuit de
sig
n
ed for th
e mo
tor allo
ws the
motor to b
e
started
agai
n
only if error i
s
re
ctified on t
h
e
motor. Re
set
button ca
n be
activated onl
y after trouble
s
ho
oting the
probl
em
s on the motor.
4. Experimental An
aly
s
is Setup of I
M
Fault De
te
ction and Pr
otec
tion
SCADA
Win
log Softwa
r
e
is
used fo
r i
n
terfaci
ng P
C
with the
PLC.
We
use
Modb
u
s
proto
c
ol for
communi
catio
n
betwe
en PC and PL
C a
s
sh
own belo
w
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
PLC Sca
da Base
d Fault Identification a
nd Prot
e
c
tion
for Thre
e Phase
…
(L.Ven
kate
san
)
5771
Cha
nnel: 1
Config
uratio
n
:
Modbus
RT
U Port: COM
1
Baud rate: 19
200
Stop bit: 1
Data bit: 8
Time out (m
s): 1000
Query pa
use (ms): 20
Figure 9. View of SCADA
Scre
en on P
C
The SCA
D
A
softwa
r
e di
sp
lay is sh
own i
n
Figu
re 9. T
o
identify and
to prevent th
e motor
from faults, the softwa
r
e was devel
ope
d
base
d
on the
following
con
d
itions.
a)
To start the
motor START
Icon is u
s
ed.
b)
To stop the m
o
tor STOP Icon is u
s
ed.
c)
Duri
ng Moto
r Failure Mo
d
e
we can u
s
e Alarm and
reset o
p
tion
to stop the
Motor. In thi
s
when failure condition i
s
rectified, the
motor
will not start again
automatically, we need to
start the mot
o
r
by re
set the icon follo
wed by clicking
the start icon.
d)
Time axis
is
us
ed to set the time s
c
a
le as s
h
own in Figure 10.
e)
As
pec
t
is
us
ed to s
e
t line thick
n
ess
.
Voltages a
nd
the curre
n
ts a
r
e sh
own in Grap
h win
d
o
w
.
Figure 10. Di
splay of Time
Rang
e
Before
sta
r
t runnin
g
the
In
ductio
n
Moto
r
we
nee
d to
man
ually en
ter the
minim
u
m a
n
d
maximum val
ues
of the vo
ltage, the current, the
tem
peratu
r
e, a
n
d
the speed. A
fter enteri
ng
all
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ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 8, August 2014: 576
6 –
5773
5772
values, th
e
motor i
s
th
en
rea
d
y for sta
r
ting [14].
When th
e moto
r icon i
s
cli
c
ked o
n
, the m
enu
sho
w
n
in Fi
g
u
re
11 i
s
disp
layed o
n
the
scree
n
. Th
e
waveforms of
cu
rrents an
d
voltage
s
can
be
see
n
on the o
scill
osco
pe. Rule
-ba
s
e
d
control me
th
od
ology is u
s
ed
to detect the fault on the IM.
Figure 11. Screen
sh
ot of Prog
ram Pag
e
The SCA
D
A Software m
o
nitors
wh
en
motors is in
runnin
g
co
ndit
i
on. The tem
peratu
r
e
sen
s
o
r
wa
s
use
d
only fo
r finding
stato
r
current fa
ults. Possible
detecta
ble fa
ults a
r
e give
n in
Table 2 [2].
Table 2. Type
s of Fault on
Thre
e Phase Inductio
n
Motor
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TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
PLC Sca
da Base
d Fault Identification a
nd Prot
e
c
tion
for Thre
e Phase
…
(L.Ven
kate
san
)
5773
5. Conclusio
n
In this exp
e
r
imental
re
se
arch impl
em
ent
ed o
n
p
r
otection
syst
em for th
ree
pha
se
Inductio
n
Mo
tor. The
p
r
op
ose
d
PL
C-co
ntrolled
p
r
ote
c
tive relay d
eals with
the
mo
st impo
rt
ant
types of these failure
s, which a
r
e
sum
m
ari
z
ed
a
s
the pha
se lo
st, t
he over/undercu
rrent, the
over/und
er voltage, the
u
nbala
n
ce of
sup
p
ly vo
ltag
es, the
ove
r
l
oad, the
un
b
a
lan
c
e
of ph
ase
curre
n
ts, the grou
nd fault, and the exce
ssive
repe
at
e
d
startin
g
. When a fault is
occurre
d
duri
ng
IM is runnin
g
,
alarm message di
splaye
d on PC
SCADA Scre
en
and PLC
will
stop the mo
tor
.
Whe
n
an un
d
e
fined fault o
c
curs, the mo
tor stop
s with
out giving an
y description.
The re
sult
s showed that a
reliable PL
C-ba
sed
p
r
ote
c
tion sy
stem inclu
d
ing all
variable
s
of the three
-
p
hase IMs a
n
d
operators ha
ve been d
e
ve
loped. In ad
di
tion, it does n
o
t requi
re a
n
y
conve
r
si
on
card, an
d the
r
efore, cost
s l
e
ss than
a co
mputer-ba
s
e
d
prote
c
tion method.
Mo
reover,
it provide
s
a
visual e
n
viro
nment, which
make
s th
e system mo
re
use
r-fri
endly t
han a PI
C-b
a
s
ed
rotectio
n m
e
thod. Fin
a
lly, being
flexible
in the
range
setting
s,
co
nsid
erin
g all
motor va
riabl
es
together,
eli
m
inating th
e
co
nversion
card, an
d p
r
oviding
a vi
sual
environ
ment ma
ke
th
e
prop
osed p
r
o
t
ection sy
ste
m
better than
ot
her PLC-b
a
se
d prote
c
ti
on syste
m
s
studied.
Referen
ces
[1]
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an L,
Arulmozh
i
y
al
R, Janartha
n
an AD.
Si
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a
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oac
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eed co
ntrol o
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n
Moto
r using
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b Vi
ew
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AD, PR Aarthi, Arulmo
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ault Detecti
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h
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i
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n
PLC.
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E
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e
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ian J
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a
l
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f
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n
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o
rqu
e
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ntrol
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n
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r Drives.
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l Jo
urna
l
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e
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d Dri
v
e System (IJP
EDS)
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9
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i
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h
oup
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i
n, Yo
ulu
n
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ng, Xin
z
hi Li
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d an
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e Identificati
o
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ensor
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n
d
u
ction
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E
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an J
our
na
l of E
l
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a
l
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i
dh
ara
S
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ames
w
a
ra
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a
ju.
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GA
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