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o
ex
p
l
o
r
e an
d
an
al
y
ze s
t
u
d
en
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce,
p
r
ed
i
ct
t
h
ei
r
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
t
o pr
e
v
e
n
t
dr
op ou
t
a
n
d f
oc
us
on
bot
h
g
ood a
n
d a
c
a
de
m
i
c
a
l
l
y
poor
pe
r
f
or
m
e
r
s
,
f
e
e
dba
c
k
f
or
t
he
f
acu
l
t
i
es
a
n
d
i
n
s
t
r
u
ct
o
r
s
,
v
i
s
u
a
l
i
zat
i
o
n
o
f
d
at
a an
d
t
o
h
a
v
e a
b
et
t
er
as
s
es
s
m
e
n
t
o
f
l
ear
ni
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
.
T
he
q
ua
l
i
t
y
of
e
du
c
a
t
i
on
n
e
e
ds
t
o be
i
m
pr
ov
e
d a
n
d e
du
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
da
t
a
m
i
n
i
ng i
s
a
t
ool
f
or
t
h
i
s
i
m
p
r
ov
e
m
e
n
t
.
M
ode
r
n
ed
u
cat
i
o
n
al
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
es
n
eed
d
at
a
m
i
n
i
n
g
f
o
r
t
h
ei
r
s
t
r
at
eg
y
a
n
d
f
u
t
u
r
e p
l
a
n
s
.
S
t
u
d
en
t
’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
v
a
r
io
u
s
f
a
c
to
r
s
lik
e p
er
s
o
n
al
,
s
o
ci
al
,
eco
n
o
m
i
c an
d
o
t
h
er
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
t
al
o
n
es
[
8
,
9
]
.
T
h
e t
o
p
-
l
ev
el
ed
u
cat
i
o
n
al
in
s
t
itu
te
s
’
a
u
th
o
r
itie
s
m
a
y
u
t
iliz
e
th
e
o
u
tc
o
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
p
e
r
im
e
n
ta
l r
e
s
u
l
ts
to
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
th
e
tr
e
n
d
s
a
n
d
b
eh
av
i
o
r
s
i
n
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
’
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
w
h
i
c
h
m
a
y
l
ead
t
o
d
es
i
g
n
n
e
w
p
ed
ag
o
g
i
cal
s
t
r
at
e
g
i
es
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
er
e ar
e a n
u
m
b
er
o
f
cl
as
s
i
f
i
cat
i
o
n
al
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
s
:
D
eci
s
i
o
n
T
r
ee
,
N
eu
r
al
N
et
w
o
r
k
,
N
aï
v
e
B
ay
e
s
,
K
-
N
ear
es
t
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
r
,
R
an
d
o
m
F
o
r
es
t
,
A
d
aB
o
o
s
t
,
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
V
ect
o
r
M
ach
i
n
es
et
c.
[
1
1
]
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
r
e
s
ear
ch
,
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
ar
e
g
oi
ng
t
o u
s
e
n
ot
a
bl
y
s
o
m
e o
f
t
h
e
m
f
o
r
m
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
e acad
e
m
i
c s
t
u
d
en
t
s
’
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
:
J
4
8
,
B
ay
es
N
et
,
P
A
R
T
a
n
d
R
a
n
d
o
m
F
o
r
e
s
t c
la
s
s
if
ic
a
tio
n
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
s
.
A
p
r
io
r
i a
lg
o
r
ith
m
,
a
s
a
p
a
r
t o
f
th
e
u
n
s
u
p
e
r
v
is
e
d
le
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
on
e
of
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
popu
l
a
r
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
hm
s
f
or
a
s
s
oc
i
a
t
i
on r
u
l
e
m
i
n
i
ng
w
a
s
u
s
e
d
a
d
d
itio
n
a
ll
y
to
r
e
v
e
a
l
th
e
h
id
d
e
n
r
u
l
es
f
r
o
m
o
u
r
d
at
as
et
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
y
co
m
p
ar
ed
each
o
f
t
h
e al
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
s
b
as
ed
o
n
i
t
s
accu
r
ac
y
t
o
s
el
ect
t
h
e b
es
t
pe
r
f
or
m
e
d a
l
g
or
i
t
hm
f
or
t
h
e
j
o
b.
C
l
as
s
i
f
i
cat
i
o
n
i
s
o
n
e o
f
t
h
e
p
r
ed
i
ct
i
v
e t
as
k
s
[
1
]
an
d
i
s
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
e
d da
t
a
m
i
n
i
ng
t
ech
n
i
q
u
e i
n
p
r
ed
i
ct
i
n
g
t
h
e s
t
u
d
en
t
s
’
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce i
n
ed
u
c
at
i
o
n
al
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
es
[
1
1
,
1
3
,
1
4
]
.
S
ev
er
al
a
t
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
s
w
er
e co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
i
n
o
u
r
s
t
u
d
y
.
T
o
f
i
n
d
t
h
e h
i
g
h
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
ce at
t
r
i
b
u
t
es
,
f
eat
u
r
e s
el
ect
i
o
n
w
as
co
n
d
u
ct
ed
f
i
r
s
t
.
F
eat
u
r
e
s
el
ect
i
o
n
r
e
m
o
v
es
t
h
e u
n
n
ece
s
s
ar
y
at
t
r
i
b
u
t
es
f
r
o
m
t
h
e d
at
as
e
t
t
o
e
x
t
r
act
u
s
e
f
u
l
a
n
d
m
ea
n
i
n
g
f
u
l
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n.
I
t
m
a
ke
s
t
he
m
i
ni
ng
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
f
a
s
t
e
r
,
va
l
ua
b
l
e
a
nd
m
e
a
ni
n
g
f
u
l
.
I
n
t
he
s
t
ud
y
,
s
t
ud
e
nt
s
’
e
nd
s
e
m
e
s
t
er
p
er
cen
t
ag
e i
s
s
el
ec
t
e
d
as
t
h
e d
ep
en
d
en
t
p
ar
a
m
et
er
.
T
h
e p
er
cen
t
ag
e
s
ar
e cat
eg
o
r
i
z
ed
as
‘
B
es
t
’
,
‘
V
er
y
G
ood’
,
‘
G
ood’
,
‘
P
a
s
s
’
,
‘
F
a
i
l
’
.
T
h
e
da
t
a
m
i
ni
ng
t
ool
u
s
e
d f
or
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
w
a
s
W
E
K
A
(
W
a
i
k
a
t
o E
n
v
i
r
onm
e
nt
f
or
K
n
o
w
l
ed
g
e
A
n
al
y
s
i
s
)
.
W
E
K
A
i
s
an
o
p
en
s
o
u
r
ce t
o
o
l
w
r
i
t
t
en
i
n
J
av
a t
h
at
i
s
w
i
d
el
y
u
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e d
at
a
m
i
n
er
s
[1
5
].
W
E
K
A
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ts
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
le
a
r
n
in
g
a
l
g
o
r
ith
m
s
a
n
d
v
is
u
a
liz
e
s
its
r
e
s
u
lt
s
a
s
w
e
l
l.
T
h
e p
ap
er
i
s
o
r
g
an
i
zed
as
f
o
l
l
o
w
s
:
i
n
S
ect
i
o
n
I
I
a r
ev
i
e
w
o
f
r
el
at
ed
l
i
t
er
at
u
r
e i
s
p
r
es
en
t
ed
,
S
ect
i
o
n
I
I
I
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
ces
C
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
er
e
v
al
u
at
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
E
r
r
o
r
M
eas
u
r
e
m
en
t
T
ech
n
i
q
u
es
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
i
s
r
es
ear
ch
.
S
ect
i
o
n
I
V
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
A
p
p
l
i
ed
D
at
a
m
i
n
i
n
g
al
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
s
o
n
t
h
e s
el
ect
ed
d
at
as
et
.
S
ect
i
o
n
V
s
h
o
w
ed
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
al
r
es
u
l
t
s
,
S
e
c
t
i
o
n V
I
p
r
e
s
e
nt
s
t
he
A
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
i
o
n r
ul
e
m
i
ni
n
g
w
o
r
k,
a
nd
s
e
c
t
i
o
n V
I
I
c
o
nc
l
ud
e
s
t
he
w
o
r
k.
2.
LI
TER
A
TU
R
E R
EV
I
EW
A
h
ma
d
et
al
[
16
]
d
es
i
g
n
ed
a f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
t
o
p
r
ed
i
ct
t
h
e
acad
em
i
c p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce o
f
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
y
ear
b
ach
el
o
r
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
o
f
co
m
p
u
t
er
s
ci
e
n
ce co
u
r
s
e.
T
h
e d
at
a
s
et
c
o
n
t
ai
n
ed
8
y
ear
s
d
at
a
s
t
ar
t
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
J
u
l
y
2
0
0
6
-
07
t
o J
u
l
y
2013
-
1
4
.
T
h
e d
at
a co
l
l
ec
t
ed
co
n
t
ai
n
ed
v
ar
i
o
u
s
as
p
ect
s
o
f
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
'
r
eco
r
d
s
i
n
cl
u
d
i
n
g
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
acad
em
i
c r
eco
r
d
s
,
f
a
m
i
l
y
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
a
n
d
d
e
m
o
g
r
ap
h
i
cs
.
T
h
r
ee cl
as
s
i
f
i
er
s
v
i
z.
D
eci
s
i
o
n
T
r
ee
,
N
aï
v
e B
a
y
e
s
a
nd
R
ul
e
-
B
as
ed
cl
as
s
i
f
i
er
s
a
r
e ap
p
l
i
ed
t
o
f
i
n
d
t
h
e acad
e
m
i
c p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce o
f
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
.
T
he
e
xp
e
r
i
m
e
nt
s
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
at
R
u
l
e
B
as
ed
cl
a
s
s
i
f
i
er
w
as
t
h
e
b
es
t
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
cl
a
s
s
i
f
i
er
s
an
d
i
t
s
acc
u
r
acy
w
as
f
o
u
n
d
as
7
1
.
3
%
.
T
h
e f
i
r
s
t
y
ear
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
’
l
ev
el
o
f
s
u
cces
s
w
as
p
r
ed
i
ct
ed
b
y
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
.
S
u
m
i
t
h
a et
.
al
.
[
17
]
de
v
e
l
ope
d a
d
at
a m
o
d
el
t
o
p
r
ed
i
ct
s
t
u
d
en
t
’
s
f
u
t
u
r
e l
ear
n
i
n
g
o
u
t
co
m
e
s
u
s
i
n
g
s
e
n
i
o
r
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
d
at
as
et
.
T
h
ey
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
h
e
d
a
ta
m
i
n
i
n
g
c
la
s
s
i
f
ic
a
tio
n
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
s
a
n
d
f
o
u
n
d
th
a
t J
4
8
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
w
a
s
b
e
s
t s
u
ite
d
f
o
r
s
u
c
h
j
o
b
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
th
e
ir
d
at
a.
K
ha
s
a
na
h e
t
.
a
l
.
[
18
]
co
n
d
u
ct
ed
a s
t
u
d
y
t
o
f
i
n
d
t
h
at
h
i
g
h
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
ce at
t
r
i
b
u
t
es
m
a
y
b
e s
el
ect
ed
car
ef
u
l
l
y
t
o
p
r
ed
i
ct
s
t
u
d
en
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce.
F
eat
u
r
e s
el
ect
i
o
n
m
a
y
b
e
u
s
ed
b
ef
o
r
e
cl
as
s
i
f
i
c
at
i
o
n
f
o
r
s
u
c
h
j
o
b
.
T
h
e s
t
u
d
en
t
d
at
a
w
a
s
f
r
o
m
D
ep
ar
t
m
en
t
o
f
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
ia
l E
n
g
in
e
e
r
in
g
U
n
iv
e
r
s
ita
s
I
s
la
m
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia
.
T
h
e
y
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s
e
d
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ay
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i
an
N
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w
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k
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d
D
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s
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o
n
T
r
ee
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g
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as
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ad
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w
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n
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h
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cas
e.
A
n
k
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a
A
N
i
c
h
at
et
.
al
.
[
19
]
b
u
ilt
c
la
s
s
i
f
ic
a
tio
n
m
ode
l
s
us
i
ng
de
c
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s
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y
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t
r
i
b
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t
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o
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s
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s
t
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.
H
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A
l
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eh
[
20
]
u
s
e
d
W
E
K
A
to
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l to
e
v
a
lu
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te
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as
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t
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s
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acc
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r
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A
m
j
ad
A
b
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S
aa [
21
]
w
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r
k
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d
o
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t a
q
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a
lita
ti
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m
o
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el
t
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ze t
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ce
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an
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s
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ci
al
f
act
o
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s
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T
h
e a
u
t
h
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x
p
l
o
r
ed
th
e
o
r
e
tic
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ll
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v
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act
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t
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p
er
f
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m
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ce i
n
t
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ca
t
i
o
n
.
P
e
d
r
o
S
tr
e
c
h
t e
t.
a
l.
[
10
]
p
r
e
di
c
t
e
d
s
t
ud
e
nt
s
'
r
e
s
ul
t
s
(
p
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f
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a
nd
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r
gr
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he
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k.
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he
y
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d
c
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tio
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tu
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d
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m
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h
e
p
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ed
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ct
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n
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
ad
es
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nd
o
ne
s
i
a
n J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
C
o
m
p
Sc
i
I
SSN
:
2502
-
4752
E
duc
at
i
on
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D
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a M
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2
w
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b
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f
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act
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m
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el
s
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r
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s
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t
ab
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a s
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b
as
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l
i
n
e.
F
a
h
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m
S
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k
d
er
et
.
al
.
[
13
]
us
e
d
C
u
m
ul
a
t
i
ve
G
r
ad
e P
o
i
n
t
A
v
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a
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e (
C
G
P
A
)
f
o
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p
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ed
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o
f
s
t
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s
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y
ear
l
y
p
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f
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ce.
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e d
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w
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w
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k t
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C
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.
2.
1
C
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
er E
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
erro
r
m
ea
s
u
re
m
e
n
t
t
ech
n
i
q
u
es
:
T
h
e p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
eas
u
r
es
ar
e d
er
i
v
ed
f
r
o
m
co
n
f
u
s
i
o
n
m
at
r
i
x
[
22
]
.
A
c
o
n
f
u
s
io
n
m
a
tr
ix
is
f
o
r
m
e
d
b
a
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d
o
n t
he
f
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a
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n
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a
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t
w
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ab
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s
p
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itiv
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(
P
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n
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a
tiv
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(
N
)
.
T
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o
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tc
o
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s
a
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P
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e
.
c
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t p
o
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itiv
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p
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d
ic
tio
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,
tr
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eg
at
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v
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T
N
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i
.
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co
r
r
ect
n
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at
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v
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ed
i
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i
o
n
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f
a
l
s
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o
s
i
t
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v
e (
F
P
)
i
.
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i
n
co
r
r
ect
p
o
s
i
t
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v
e p
r
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ct
i
o
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d
f
al
s
e
n
eg
at
i
v
e (
F
N
)
i
.
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i
n
co
r
r
ect
n
e
g
at
i
v
e p
r
ed
i
ct
i
o
n
.
a.
S
e
n
s
iti
v
it
y
(
R
e
c
a
l
l o
r
T
r
u
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
a
te
)
R
e
c
a
l
l
i
s
t
h
e
num
be
r
of
c
or
r
e
c
t
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
di
vi
de
d by
t
h
e
t
ot
a
l
n
um
be
r
of
pos
i
t
i
v
e
s
.
S
o,
R=
T
P
/
(
T
P
+
FN
)
=
T
P /
P
(1
)
b
.
P
r
e
c
is
io
n
P
r
e
c
is
io
n
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
c
o
r
r
e
c
t p
o
s
itiv
e
c
la
s
s
if
ic
a
tio
n
s
d
iv
id
e
d
b
y
to
ta
l
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
p
o
s
it
iv
e
c
la
s
s
i
f
ic
a
tio
n
s
.
So
,
P =
T
P /
(
T
P +
F
P)
(2
)
c.
F
-
sc
o
r
e
F
-
s
co
r
e i
s
h
ar
m
o
n
i
c
m
ean
o
f
p
r
eci
s
i
o
n
an
d
r
ecal
l
.
So
,
F=
2
P
R /
(
P
+
R)
(3
)
d
.
A
ccu
r
ac
y
[
23
]
A
cc
u
r
ac
y
i
s
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
al
l
co
r
r
ect
cl
as
s
i
f
i
cat
i
o
n
s
d
i
v
i
d
ed
b
y
t
h
e t
o
t
al
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
cas
e
s
.
So
,
A
c
c
u
ra
c
y
=
(T
P
+
T
N
) /
(
T
P
+
T
N
+
F
N
+
F
P
) =
(T
P
+
T
N
) /
(P
+
N
)
(4
)
T
h
e f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
s
ect
i
o
n
e
x
p
l
ai
n
s
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
er
r
o
r
m
eas
u
r
es
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
cl
as
s
i
f
i
cat
i
o
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
e.
M
e
a
n
A
b
s
o
l
u
t
e
E
rro
r (M
A
E
) [
24
]
M
A
E
es
t
i
m
at
es
h
o
w
f
ar
t
h
e p
r
ed
i
ct
i
o
n
s
o
r
f
o
r
ecas
t
s
d
i
f
f
er
f
r
o
m
t
h
e act
u
al
v
a
l
u
e
s
.
(5
)
w
h
er
e n
=
t
h
e
num
be
r
of
e
r
r
or
s
,
|
xi
i
–
x
|
= t
h
e ab
s
o
l
u
t
e er
r
o
r
s
.
f.
R
o
o
t
M
e
a
n
S
q
u
a
re
E
rro
r (R
M
S
E
) [
24
]
R
M
S
E
i
s
a
n
ev
a
l
u
at
o
r
o
f
t
h
e d
i
f
f
er
en
ces
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e p
r
ed
i
ct
o
r
v
al
u
es
a
n
d
t
h
e act
u
al
o
b
s
er
v
ed
v
al
u
es
.
(6
)
w
he
r
e
X
obs
i
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
v
al
u
e
s
an
d
X
m
o
d
el
i
s
m
o
d
el
ed
v
al
u
es
at
t
i
m
e
/
p
l
ace i
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
25
02
-
4752
I
nd
o
ne
s
i
a
n J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
C
o
m
p
S
c
i
,
V
o
l.
9
, N
o
.
2
,
F
e
b
r
u
a
r
y
2018 :
44
7
–
459
450
g.
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
A
b
s
o
l
u
t
e
E
rro
r (R
A
E
) [
20
] [
15
]
R
A
E
i
s
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
t
h
e r
at
i
o
o
f
ab
s
o
l
u
t
e er
r
o
r
b
y
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
i
t
u
d
e o
f
t
h
e act
u
al
v
a
l
ue
.
I
t
i
s
r
ep
r
es
en
t
ed
as
b
el
o
w
,
(7
)
w
h
er
e p
i
i
s
t
h
e
f
o
r
ecas
t
v
a
l
u
e,
ai
i
s
t
h
e act
u
al
v
al
u
e a
n
d
i
s
t
h
e av
er
a
g
e o
f
act
u
a
l
v
al
u
es
.
h.
R
o
o
t
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
S
q
u
a
re
d
E
rro
r (R
R
S
E
) [
20
] [
15
]
I
t is
d
e
n
o
te
d
a
s
m
ean
ab
s
o
l
u
t
e er
r
o
r
(
MA
E
)
d
i
v
i
d
ed
b
y
t
h
e cl
as
s
i
f
i
ca
t
i
o
n
m
o
d
el
er
r
o
r
.
I
t
can
b
e
r
ep
r
es
en
t
ed
as
b
el
o
w
,
(8
)
A
v
o
id
in
g
b
ia
s
i
n
th
e
a
l
g
o
r
ith
m
s
s
e
le
c
tio
n
:
T
h
er
e w
er
e
m
a
n
y
s
t
u
d
i
es
f
o
r
a
cces
s
i
n
g
t
h
e s
t
u
d
e
n
t
acad
e
m
i
c
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce a
n
d
p
r
ed
i
ct
i
o
n
o
f
d
r
o
p
o
u
t
of
s
t
u
de
n
t
s
a
n
d t
h
e
i
r
j
ob
pr
o
s
pe
c
t
s
[
25
]
.
T
he
go
a
l
o
f
s
uc
h t
y
p
e
o
f
s
t
ud
y
w
a
s
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
ve
t
he
q
ua
l
i
t
y
o
f
ed
u
cat
i
o
n
i
n
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
cat
i
o
n
al
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
es
.
M
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e s
t
u
d
i
es
co
n
s
i
d
er
t
h
e
g
r
ad
e p
o
i
n
t
a
v
er
ag
es
(
G
P
A
)
[
26
,
27
]
,
as
t
h
ei
r
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
v
ar
i
ab
l
e an
d
t
h
e e
x
p
l
an
a
t
o
r
y
v
ar
i
ab
l
es
ar
e v
ar
i
ed
.
I
n
o
u
r
s
t
u
d
y
,
w
e
h
ad
u
s
ed
f
i
n
al
s
e
m
e
s
t
er
p
er
cen
t
a
g
e as
o
u
r
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
v
ar
i
ab
l
e as
t
h
e
g
r
ad
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
ar
e n
o
t
y
et
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
ed
at
u
n
d
er
g
r
ad
u
at
e
l
e
ve
l
i
n
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
he
c
o
ur
s
e
s
i
n
A
s
s
a
m
.
T
h
er
e
w
er
e al
s
o
v
ar
i
o
u
s
c
l
as
s
i
f
i
ca
t
i
o
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
ap
p
l
i
ed
f
o
r
s
t
u
d
en
t
acad
e
m
i
c
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
t
u
d
i
es
[
16
,
20
]
.
T
h
e d
i
f
f
er
en
t
s
t
u
d
i
es
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
at
o
n
t
h
ei
r
d
at
as
et
t
h
e r
es
u
l
t
s
f
o
u
n
d
o
n
accu
r
ac
y
v
ar
i
es
.
S
o
m
e o
f
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
i
e
s
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
t
h
e d
eci
s
i
o
n
t
r
ees
ar
e t
h
e b
es
t
a
m
o
n
g
o
t
h
er
cl
as
s
i
f
i
cat
i
o
n
al
g
o
r
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t
h
m
s
w
h
er
eas
s
o
m
e f
o
u
n
d
th
a
t B
a
y
e
s
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
e
d
b
e
tte
r
th
a
n
o
th
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
a
u
t
h
or
s
h
a
d a
ppl
i
e
d f
ou
r
of
t
h
e
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
on
m
e
t
h
ods
on
e
b
y
on
e
un
t
i
l
t
h
e
a
c
c
u
r
a
c
y
f
oun
d t
o be
99%
i
n c
a
s
e
o
f
r
a
n
do
m
f
or
e
s
t
.
T
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
m
e
t
h
od us
e
d b
y
t
h
e
a
u
t
h
or
s
w
a
s
B
a
y
e
s
i
a
n N
e
t
w
or
k
(
B
N
)
.
A
c
c
or
di
n
g
t
o
A
l
m
ar
ab
eh
[
20
]
ha
d
a
na
l
yz
e
d
t
he
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
nc
e
o
f
s
t
ud
e
nt
s
’
o
f
K
i
n
g
S
a
ud
B
i
n
A
b
d
ul
a
z
i
z
U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
f
o
r
H
eal
t
h
S
ci
e
n
ces
.
H
e
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
B
N
w
a
s
t
h
e b
es
t
-
s
u
i
t
ed
cl
a
s
s
i
f
i
cat
i
o
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
D
i
r
ect
ed
ac
y
cl
i
c
g
r
ap
h
s
ar
e
u
s
e
d i
n B
a
y
e
s
i
a
n n
e
t
w
or
k
s
t
o de
pi
c
t
t
h
e
de
pe
n
de
n
c
i
e
s
a
m
o
ng
r
a
n
do
m
v
ar
i
ab
l
es
.
R
a
n
d
o
m
v
ar
i
ab
l
es
ar
e
r
ep
r
es
en
t
ed
as
n
o
d
es
.
I
f
t
h
e n
o
d
es
ar
e co
n
n
ect
ed
b
y
a
n
ar
c,
t
h
en
t
h
e
s
e v
ar
i
ab
l
es
ar
e d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
n
each
o
t
h
er
.
B
N
h
a
s
be
e
n
us
e
d f
or
pe
r
f
or
m
i
n
g
bi
-
di
r
e
c
t
i
on
a
l
i
nf
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
i
n
c
e
1980.
I
t
i
s
a
l
s
o us
e
d f
or
r
e
a
s
on
i
ng
un
de
r
u
n
cer
t
ai
nt
y.
T
he
a
ut
ho
r
s
t
he
n t
r
i
e
d
t
he
r
ul
e
-
b
as
ed
cl
as
s
i
f
i
cat
i
o
n
t
ech
n
i
q
u
es
av
ai
l
ab
l
e as
P
A
R
T
i
n
W
E
K
A
.
A
h
m
ad
e
t a
l [
16
]
a
ls
o
u
s
e
d
th
is
te
c
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
c
la
s
s
i
f
ic
a
tio
n
a
n
d
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
a
t
it
w
a
s
th
e
b
e
s
t
te
c
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
t
acad
em
i
c p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce as
s
e
s
s
m
en
t
a
m
o
n
g
N
aï
v
e B
a
y
es
,
d
e
ci
s
i
o
n
t
r
ees
,
a
n
d
r
u
l
e
-
b
a
se
d
c
l
a
ss
i
f
i
e
r
s.
P
A
RT
i
s
r
ul
e
s
-
b
as
ed
cl
as
s
i
f
i
er
w
h
i
c
h
c
o
m
b
i
n
es
s
ep
ar
at
e a
n
d
co
n
q
u
er
m
et
h
o
d
w
i
t
h
d
i
v
i
d
e an
d
co
n
q
u
er
s
t
r
at
e
g
y
.
T
h
i
s
c
la
s
s
i
f
ic
a
tio
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
b
u
ild
s
a
p
a
r
tia
l tr
e
e
w
ith
t
h
e
a
v
a
ila
b
le
s
e
t
o
f
r
eco
r
d
s
.
I
t
t
h
en
cr
eat
es
a r
u
l
e f
r
o
m
t
h
e t
r
ee.
A
f
t
er
d
i
s
car
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
eci
s
i
o
n
t
r
ee an
d
d
el
et
i
n
g
r
eco
r
d
s
co
v
er
ed
b
y
t
h
e
r
u
l
e,
i
t
ag
a
i
n
b
u
i
l
d
s
t
h
e p
ar
t
i
al
d
eci
s
i
o
n
t
r
ee i
n
an
i
t
er
at
i
v
e
m
an
n
er
.
T
h
e au
t
h
o
r
s
t
h
en
u
s
ed
t
h
e d
eci
s
i
o
n
t
r
ee cl
as
s
i
f
i
cat
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
.
P
a
til e
t a
l [
28
]
es
t
ab
l
i
s
h
ed
t
h
at
d
eci
s
i
o
n
t
r
ee al
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
b
et
t
er
t
h
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n
N
aï
v
e B
a
y
e
s
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
T
h
e ad
v
an
t
ag
e o
f
u
s
i
n
g
d
eci
s
i
o
n
t
r
ee
cl
as
s
i
f
i
er
i
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
t
r
ee ca
n
b
e v
i
s
u
al
i
zed
,
u
n
d
er
s
t
o
o
d
an
d
i
n
t
er
p
r
et
ed
eas
i
l
y
b
y
t
h
e
us
e
r
s
[
29
]
.
T
h
e t
r
ee
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
w
el
l
i
n
ca
s
e o
f
b
o
t
h
n
u
m
er
i
cal
a
n
d
cat
e
g
o
r
i
cal
v
ar
i
ab
l
es
.
T
h
e d
eci
s
i
o
n
t
r
ee
h
as
a
t
r
ee
-
l
i
ke
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
s
ta
r
t
w
it
h
r
o
o
t n
o
d
e
a
n
d
e
n
d
s
w
it
h
le
a
f
a
t
tr
ib
u
te
s
.
S
o
,
it is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
p
o
w
e
r
f
u
l a
s
w
e
ll a
s
p
o
p
u
l
ar
cl
as
s
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f
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er
s
.
W
E
K
A
i
m
p
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e
m
e
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s
C
4.
5 de
c
i
s
i
on
t
r
e
e
us
i
ng
J
48 c
l
a
s
s
i
f
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c
a
t
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m
e
t
h
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T
h
e au
t
h
o
r
s
u
s
ed
r
an
d
o
m
f
o
r
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t
cl
as
s
i
f
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as
t
h
ei
r
n
ex
t
at
t
e
m
p
t
.
R
an
d
o
m
f
o
r
es
t
s
(
R
F
)
[
11
]
r
ed
u
ce
o
ve
r
f
i
t
t
i
n
g,
b
i
a
s
,
a
nd
va
r
i
a
nc
e
.
S
o
,
R
F
i
s
m
or
e
a
c
c
u
r
a
t
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a
n
d r
obu
s
t
.
R
F
w
or
ks
on
ba
gg
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ng
a
l
g
or
i
t
hm
.
R
F
r
ep
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aces
d
at
a t
o
co
n
s
t
r
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t
t
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e t
r
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d
t
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d
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a
m
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m
p
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t
an
t
v
ar
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ab
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t
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ex
p
l
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at
o
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y
v
ar
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ab
l
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ar
e b
o
o
t
s
t
r
ap
p
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.
R
F
cr
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d
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t p
r
e
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g
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e
ta
r
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a
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
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SSN
:
2502
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4752
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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4752
I
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S
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i
s
t
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p
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ab
l
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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t
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a
m
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s
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at
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er
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al
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f
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4.
2
F
e
a
t
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re S
el
ect
i
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s
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g
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ek
a,
t
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[
18
].
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D
at
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ar
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f
f
o
r
m
at
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
25
02
-
4752
I
nd
o
ne
s
i
a
n J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
C
o
m
p
S
c
i
,
V
o
l.
9
, N
o
.
2
,
F
e
b
r
u
a
r
y
2018 :
44
7
–
459
454
4.
3
Spe
ci
f
y
i
n
g
t
h
e s
el
ect
ed
a
l
g
o
ri
t
h
m
s
A
f
t
er
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r
e
s
el
ect
i
o
n
,
t
h
e cl
as
s
i
f
i
cat
i
o
n
al
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
s
w
er
e
ap
p
l
i
ed
.
T
h
er
e ar
e v
ar
i
o
u
s
cl
as
s
i
f
i
cat
i
o
n
m
et
h
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d
s
:
D
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s
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o
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r
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eu
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al
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k
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[
13
]
.
T
h
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t
h
o
r
s
u
s
ed
s
p
eci
f
i
c
al
g
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t
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s
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f
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r
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f
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W
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pr
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r
a
m
:
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48,
P
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B
a
y
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s
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d
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a
n
do
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W
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K
A
a
lg
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r
ith
m
s
s
p
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c
if
ic
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tio
n
[
30
]
: J
4
8
is
a
n
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
t
h
at
g
e
n
er
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a p
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C
4
.
5
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s
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n
t
r
ee.
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R
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s
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al
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m
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h
a
n
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m
to
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a
p
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r
tia
l C
4
.
5
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e
c
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n
tr
e
e
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c
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a
tio
n
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i.
e
.
it g
e
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a
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a s
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d
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[
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31
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.
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EN
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1
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la
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if
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a
t
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R
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s
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lt
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h
e s
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ag
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s
et
f
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x
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m
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s
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h
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