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ates
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wh
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m
e
n
t
o
f
s
e
v
er
al
tech
n
iq
u
es
f
o
r
HI
F
d
etec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
d
etec
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
is
to
m
o
d
if
y
o
v
er
cu
r
r
en
t
p
r
o
tectiv
e
d
ev
ices
[
6
]
,
b
u
t
t
h
is
d
esig
n
h
as
r
esu
lted
in
s
ev
er
al
u
n
p
la
n
n
ed
s
er
v
ice
i
n
ter
r
u
p
tio
n
s
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
elec
tr
ic
cu
r
r
en
t
lev
el
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
HI
Fs
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
ed
f
r
o
m
o
th
er
n
o
n
-
f
au
lt
ev
e
n
ts
in
th
e
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
.
Fo
r
d
etec
ti
n
g
ir
r
e
g
u
lar
g
r
o
u
n
d
cu
r
r
en
ts
,
a
f
o
r
m
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
r
elay
was
b
u
ilt
[
7
]
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
it
h
as
th
e
d
r
awb
a
ck
o
f
b
e
in
g
u
n
r
eliab
le
f
o
r
h
ig
h
ly
u
n
b
alan
ce
d
lo
ad
s
an
d
m
u
lti
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
i
n
c
i
p
l
e
o
f
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
c
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
(
I
C
)
h
a
s
r
e
c
e
n
t
l
y
b
e
e
n
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
H
I
F
s
.
H
I
F
-
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d
s
i
g
n
a
l
s
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
d
i
s
c
o
v
e
r
e
d
t
o
h
a
v
e
t
i
m
e
-
v
a
r
y
i
n
g
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
[
8
]
.
O
n
t
h
i
s
b
a
s
i
s
,
H
I
F
s
c
a
n
b
e
d
e
t
e
c
t
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
a
s
i
g
n
a
l
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
n
g
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
w
a
v
e
l
e
t
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
m
e
t
h
o
d
[
9
]
.
S
i
n
c
e
i
t
i
s
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
i
n
t
r
a
c
k
i
n
g
t
i
m
e
-
v
a
r
y
i
n
g
f
a
u
l
t
s
i
g
n
a
l
s
,
t
h
i
s
i
s
t
h
e
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
u
s
e
d
i
n
t
h
i
s
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
.
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
w
h
e
n
a
n
y
H
I
F
o
c
c
u
r
s
i
n
a
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
l
i
n
e
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
,
t
h
e
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
b
u
i
l
t
i
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
i
s
c
a
p
a
b
l
e
o
f
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
i
t
u
d
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
a
u
l
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
d
i
s
t
u
r
b
a
n
c
e
[
1
0
]
.
W
h
i
l
e
,
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
b
l
i
n
d
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
e
p
a
r
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
,
t
h
e
i
n
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
(
I
C
A
)
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
f
o
c
u
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
I
C
f
i
e
l
d
t
o
r
e
s
t
o
r
e
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
u
p
t
e
d
s
i
g
n
a
l
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
i
n
g
u
n
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
n
o
i
s
e
.
A
s
a
r
e
s
u
l
t
,
t
h
e
H
I
F
n
o
i
s
e
s
i
g
n
a
l
s
c
a
n
b
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
s
e
p
a
r
a
t
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
h
a
s
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
H
I
F
n
o
i
s
e
p
a
t
t
e
r
n
i
s
e
a
s
i
l
y
d
i
s
t
i
n
g
u
i
s
h
a
b
l
e
f
r
o
m
n
o
n
-
H
I
F
n
o
i
s
e
.
E
k
i
c
i
e
t
a
l
.
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
d
a
n
i
t
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
r
e
a
l
-
t
i
m
e
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
[
1
1
]
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
y
f
i
r
s
t
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
I
C
A
i
n
t
h
e
1
9
8
0
s
.
T
h
e
I
C
A
m
e
t
h
o
d
,
o
n
t
h
e
o
t
h
e
r
h
a
n
d
,
w
as
l
a
r
g
e
l
y
u
n
k
n
o
w
n
u
n
t
i
l
1
9
9
4
,
w
h
e
n
i
t
w
a
s
g
i
v
e
n
a
n
a
m
e
a
n
d
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
a
s
a
n
e
w
i
d
e
a
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
is
th
e
la
y
o
u
t
o
f
th
e
r
em
ain
d
e
r
o
f
th
is
p
a
p
er
:
T
h
e
th
e
o
r
etica
l
h
is
to
r
y
o
f
wav
elet
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
as
a
s
ig
n
al
an
aly
s
is
m
eth
o
d
,
as
well
a
s
th
e
m
ath
em
atica
l
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
I
C
A
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
Af
ter
t
h
at,
s
ec
tio
n
3
is
d
ev
o
te
d
to
m
o
d
elin
g
a
n
d
s
im
u
latio
n
s
o
f
a
h
ig
h
im
p
e
d
an
ce
f
a
u
lt
o
n
an
1
1
k
V
p
o
wer
d
eliv
er
y
f
ee
d
er
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
.
On
t
h
e
s
ig
n
als
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
,
d
is
cr
ete
wav
elet
an
aly
s
is
an
d
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
an
aly
s
is
ar
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t.
Sectio
n
4
a
n
aly
ze
s
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
ea
ch
alg
o
r
ith
m
u
s
in
g
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
an
a
ly
s
is
an
d
p
atter
n
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
,
an
d
s
ec
tio
n
5
d
r
aws th
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
co
n
clu
s
io
n
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Dis
cr
et
e
wa
v
elet
t
r
a
ns
f
o
rm
(
DWT
)
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
wav
elet
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
is
a
r
ec
en
tly
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
m
ath
em
atic
al
tech
n
iq
u
e
th
at
d
iv
id
es
d
ata
o
r
a
s
ig
n
al
in
to
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
a
n
o
n
-
u
n
if
o
r
m
m
an
n
er
,
th
e
n
s
tu
d
ies
ea
c
h
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
with
a
r
eso
lu
tio
n
th
at
is
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
its
s
ca
le
[
1
3
]
.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
ab
ilit
y
to
o
b
tain
b
o
th
tim
e
an
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
tr
an
s
ien
t
s
ig
n
als,
it
is
o
f
ten
u
s
ed
in
s
ig
n
al
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
wa
v
elet
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
(
WT
)
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
f
o
u
r
ier
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
(
FT)
an
d
wh
y
th
e
W
T
is
f
av
o
r
ed
o
v
e
r
th
e
FT
is
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ted
in
[
14
].
T
h
e
r
eso
l
u
tio
n
is
s
u
e
o
f
tim
e
an
d
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
r
em
ai
n
s
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
u
s
ed
.
M
u
lti
-
r
eso
lu
tio
n
an
al
y
s
is
(
MRA
)
is
an
o
th
er
m
eth
o
d
o
f
s
ig
n
al
an
aly
s
is
u
s
ed
to
a
d
d
r
ess
th
is
.
MRA
ex
am
in
es
th
e
s
ig
n
al
at
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
ies
an
d
r
eso
lu
tio
n
s
.
I
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
eso
lv
e
all
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
al'
s
s
p
ec
tr
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
eq
u
ally
[
1
5
]
.
At
h
ig
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies,
it
is
b
u
ilt
to
ac
h
iev
e
g
o
o
d
tim
e
r
eso
lu
tio
n
b
u
t
p
o
o
r
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
r
eso
l
u
tio
n
,
an
d
v
ice
v
er
s
a.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
s
ig
n
als
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
in
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licatio
n
s
h
av
e
h
ig
h
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
f
o
r
s
h
o
r
t
d
u
r
atio
n
s
an
d
lo
w
-
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
f
o
r
l
o
n
g
d
u
r
atio
n
s
.
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
f
i
l
t
e
r
i
n
g
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
e
d
b
y
M
a
l
l
a
t
i
n
1
9
8
8
[
1
6
]
a
r
e
u
s
e
d
t
o
o
b
t
a
i
n
a
t
i
m
e
s
c
a
le
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
s
i
g
n
a
l
i
n
D
W
T
.
T
o
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
a
l
a
t
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
s
c
a
l
e
s
,
D
W
T
e
m
p
l
o
y
s
f
i
l
t
e
r
s
w
i
t
h
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
c
u
t
-
o
f
f
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
i
e
s
.
In
(
1
)
,
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
a
l
i
s
p
a
s
s
e
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
e
r
i
e
s
o
f
h
i
g
h
p
a
s
s
f
i
l
t
e
r
s
t
o
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
i
e
s
,
a
s
w
e
l
l
a
s
a
s
e
r
i
e
s
o
f
l
o
w
p
a
s
s
f
i
l
t
e
r
s
t
o
c
o
n
v
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
a
l
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
f
i
l
t
e
r
'
s
i
m
p
u
l
s
e
[
17
].
[
]
∗
ℎ
[
]
=
∑
[
]
∗
ℎ
[
−
]
∞
=
−
∞
(
1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
Hig
h
imp
ed
a
n
ce
fa
u
lt d
etec
tio
n
in
1
1
k
V
o
ve
r
h
e
a
d
lin
e
w
i
th
d
is
crete…
(
Md
F
erd
o
u
s
e
Ho
s
s
a
in
B
h
u
iy
a
)
663
h
[
n
]
is
th
e
lo
w
p
ass
f
ilter
im
p
u
ls
e,
wh
er
e
x
[
n
]
is
a
d
is
cr
ete
-
tim
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
n
is
an
in
teg
er
,
a
n
d
k
is
a
n
i
n
d
ex
.
T
h
e
lo
w
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
m
a
n
y
s
ig
n
al
s
a
r
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
.
I
t
co
n
v
ey
s
a
s
ig
n
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
ality
.
On
th
e
o
t
h
er
h
an
d
,
h
ig
h
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
m
ater
ials
d
o
n
o
t
a
f
f
ec
t
tast
e.
T
h
i
s
is
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
in
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
an
d
d
escr
ip
tio
n
i
n
wav
elet
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
-
s
ca
le,
lo
w
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
al
ar
e
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atio
n
s
,
wh
er
ea
s
th
e
lo
w
-
s
ca
le,
h
ig
h
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
d
ata.
I
n
(
2
)
,
i
n
n
er
p
r
o
d
u
cts
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
f
(
t)
,
th
e
s
ig
n
al
an
d
,
s
ca
le
f
u
n
ctio
n
φ
j,
k
(
t)
with
th
e
s
ca
li
n
g
b
asis
j,k
is
u
s
ed
to
co
m
p
u
te
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
s
(
also
k
n
o
wn
as
s
ca
lin
g
co
ef
f
icien
ts
,
A
j,
k
).
.
=
〈
(
)
.
∅
,
(
)
〉
=
∫
(
)
∅
,
∞
−
∞
(
)
(
2
)
W
av
elet
co
ef
f
icien
ts
(
d
etails)
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
f
r
o
m
wav
elet
-
b
ased
o
n
wav
elet,
u
s
in
g
th
e
in
n
er
p
r
o
d
u
ct
o
f
t
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
f
(
t)
an
d
wav
elet
f
u
n
ctio
n
ψ
j
,
k
(
t)
:
.
=
〈
(
)
.
,
(
)
〉
=
∫
(
)
,
∞
−
∞
(
)
(
3
)
Deta
ils
(
also
k
n
o
wn
as
wav
elet
co
ef
f
icien
ts
)
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
p
ass
in
g
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
s
ig
n
al
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
lo
w
p
ass
f
ilter
,
wh
ile
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
s
ig
n
al
is
p
as
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
h
ig
h
p
ass
f
ilter
.
T
h
e
in
n
er
p
r
o
d
u
cts
o
f
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
f
(
t)
with
th
e
wav
elet
b
asis
,
as
in
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
,
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
ca
lcu
late
th
is
o
p
er
atio
n
m
at
h
em
atic
ally
(
3
)
.
W
h
er
e
th
e
m
o
th
er
wav
elet
(
)
d
eter
m
i
n
es
th
e
s
ca
le
f
u
n
ctio
n
∅
,
(
)
an
d
th
e
wav
e
let
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
(
)
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
eq
u
atio
n
s
[1
8
]
.
∅
,
(
)
=
2
/
2
∅
(
2
−
)
(
4
)
,
(
)
=
2
/
2
(
2
−
)
(
5
)
U
n
f
o
r
t
u
n
a
t
e
l
y
,
i
f
y
o
u
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
a
b
o
v
e
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
n
a
r
e
a
l
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
s
i
g
n
a
l
,
y
o
u
'
l
l
e
n
d
u
p
w
i
t
h
t
w
i
c
e
a
s
m
u
c
h
i
n
f
o
.
T
h
e
o
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
s
i
g
n
a
l
m
u
s
t
b
e
d
o
w
n
s
a
m
p
l
e
d
t
o
c
o
r
r
e
c
t
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
c
a
u
s
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
f
i
l
t
e
r
i
n
g
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
D
o
w
n
s
a
m
p
l
i
n
g
a
s
i
g
n
a
l
e
n
t
a
i
l
s
l
o
w
e
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
l
i
n
g
r
a
t
e
o
r
e
l
i
m
i
n
a
t
i
n
g
a
n
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
a
l
'
s
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
.
As
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
s
tated
,
th
e
DW
T
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
es
s
ig
n
als
in
t
o
co
a
r
s
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
an
d
d
etail
an
d
an
aly
ze
s
th
em
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
b
an
d
s
with
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
r
eso
lu
tio
n
s
.
T
o
ac
c
o
m
p
lis
h
t
h
is
,
DW
T
em
p
lo
y
s
s
ca
lin
g
an
d
wav
elet
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
.
L
o
w
p
ass
an
d
h
ig
h
p
ass
f
ilter
s
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
ar
e
c
o
r
r
elate
d
with
th
ese
two
s
ets
o
f
f
u
n
ct
io
n
s
.
First,
a
h
alf
-
b
an
d
h
ig
h
p
ass
f
ilter
g
[
n
]
an
d
a
l
o
w
p
ass
f
ilter
h
[
n
]
ar
e
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
in
itial
s
ig
n
al
x
[
n
]
.
As
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
ly
s
aid
,
h
alf
o
f
th
e
s
am
p
les
will
b
e
d
is
ca
r
d
ed
af
ter
t
h
e
f
ilter
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
s
ig
n
al
ca
n
b
e
s
u
b
s
am
p
led
b
y
t
wo
.
T
h
is
is
o
n
e
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
lev
el,
an
d
it
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
m
ath
em
atica
lly
as
f
o
llo
ws:
[
]
=
∑
[
]
.
[
2
−
]
(
6
)
[
]
=
∑
[
]
.
ℎ
[
2
−
]
(
7
)
w
h
er
e
Dj
is
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
d
etailed
h
ig
h
p
ass
f
ilter
,
Aj
is
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
lo
w
p
ass
f
ilter
,
an
d
th
e
r
eso
lu
tio
n
j,
j
=
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
,
J
.
k
=
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
,
K,
wh
er
e
K
is
th
e
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
f
ilter
v
ec
to
r
af
ter
d
o
wn
s
am
p
lin
g
to
2
[1
9
]
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
al
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
m
eth
o
d
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
ea
ted
b
y
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
in
g
a
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
o
n
e
af
ter
an
o
t
h
er
b
y
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
in
g
o
n
e
s
ig
n
al
in
to
s
ev
er
al
lo
w
-
r
eso
lu
tio
n
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
la
y
o
u
t
o
f
th
e
DW
T
.
T
h
e
r
eso
lu
tio
n
l
ev
el
h
as
two
g
en
er
al
m
ea
n
in
g
s
.
J
in
d
escen
d
in
g
o
r
d
er
f
r
o
m
h
ig
h
est
r
eso
lu
tio
n
lev
el
(
1
)
to
h
ar
s
h
est
r
eso
lu
tio
n
lev
el
(
J
)
an
d
h
ig
h
est
r
eso
lu
tio
n
lev
el
(
J
1
)
t
o
m
o
s
t
s
ev
er
e
r
eso
lu
tio
n
lev
el
(
0
)
.
J
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
to
tal
r
eso
lu
tio
n
lev
el.
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
b
etwe
e
n
lev
el
an
d
j is as f
o
llo
w
s:
L
ev
el
=
J
–
j
At
th
e
b
o
tto
m
o
f
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
th
e
r
eso
lu
tio
n
lev
els
in
ter
m
s
o
f
L
ev
el
an
d
j
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
.
E
ac
h
r
eso
lu
tio
n
lev
el'
s
r
eso
lu
tio
n
s
ca
le,
o
r
s
ca
le
L
ev
el,
is
s
p
ec
if
ie
d
as f
o
llo
ws:
S
ca
le
Level
=
2
J
−
Level
=
2
j
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
s
ig
n
al
d
j
+
1
o
f
th
e
u
p
p
er
-
r
eso
lu
tio
n
le
v
el
is
d
iv
i
d
ed
in
t
o
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ate
cj
b
y
th
e
lo
w
-
p
ass
f
ilter
h
0
o
f
th
e
u
p
p
er
-
r
eso
lu
ti
o
n
lev
el
an
d
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
d
j
b
y
t
h
e
h
ig
h
-
p
ass
f
ilter
h
1
at
th
e
s
u
b
-
r
eso
lu
tio
n
lev
el
o
f
ea
c
h
r
eso
lu
tio
n
le
v
el.
Af
ter
th
at,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
a
n
d
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
ig
n
al
ar
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
ab
o
u
t
2
f
o
r
b
o
t
h
.
T
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
th
e
o
r
ig
in
ally
s
am
p
led
s
ig
n
al
f
(
t)
at
f
r
eq
f
(
t)
Hz
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
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I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
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n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
2
,
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em
b
er
2
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1
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6
6
1
-
672
664
is
f
r
eq
f
(
t)
/
2
Hz
b
ased
o
n
th
e
Ny
q
u
is
t
ar
r
an
g
em
en
t
(
th
e
h
i
g
h
est
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
c
o
r
r
ec
tly
r
e
p
r
esen
ted
is
less
th
an
1
/2
.
Sam
p
lin
g
r
ate
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Mu
ltire
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
ch
e
m
e
f
o
r
DW
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an
aly
s
is
2
.
2
.
I
nd
ependent
co
m
po
nent
a
na
ly
s
is
(
I
CA)
I
t
is
a
b
lin
d
s
o
u
r
ce
-
b
ased
s
ep
ar
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
clu
d
in
g
an
u
n
k
n
o
wn
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ig
n
al
“S
”
an
d
a
m
ix
tu
r
e
o
f
s
ig
n
a
l
“A”
.
T
h
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
I
C
A
co
n
tain
s
o
m
e
d
u
b
iety
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
i.e
.
th
e
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
t'
s
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
v
ac
a
n
cies
an
d
o
r
d
er
is
n
o
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le
an
d
h
en
ce
ca
lled
a
b
lin
d
s
o
u
r
ce
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
I
C
A
h
as
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
t
y
p
ed
i.e
.
Fas
t
I
C
A,
I
n
f
o
m
ax
I
C
A,
a
n
d
Pro
jectio
n
p
u
r
s
u
it
I
C
A
[
2
0
]
to
e
x
tr
ac
t th
e
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
;
a)
Ma
x
im
izatio
n
o
f
N
o
n
-
Gu
ass
ian
ity
m
eth
o
d
b)
Min
im
izatio
n
o
f
m
u
tu
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
c)
Ma
x
im
u
m
lik
elih
o
o
d
(
ML
)
esti
m
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
T
h
e
I
C
A
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
ix
s
ig
n
al;
lets
th
e
s
y
s
tem
m
atr
ix
co
m
p
r
is
ed
o
f
two
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
s
ig
n
al
s
“S1
”
an
d
“S2
”
an
d
illu
s
tr
ated
m
ath
em
at
ically
as f
o
llo
w;
=
(
1
2
)
1
=
(
11
,
12
,
13
,
…
…
…
…
…
…
.
1
)
2
=
(
21
,
22
,
23
,
…
…
…
…
…
…
.
2
)
w
h
er
e
“S”
is
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ig
n
al
an
d
“N”
r
e
p
r
es
en
ts
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tim
e
-
s
p
ac
e.
T
h
e
m
ix
tu
r
e
o
f
th
ese
s
ig
n
als
ca
n
b
e
wr
itten
as;
=
(
8
)
w
h
er
e
“A”
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
c
o
ef
f
icien
t m
atr
ix
an
d
th
e
d
e
r
iv
ed
eq
u
atio
n
is
tak
en
as r
e
f
er
en
ce
b
y
[
2
1
]
.
I
n
r
eso
lu
tio
n
lev
el
1
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
cJ1
an
d
f
ir
s
t
d
etail
d
J
1
ar
e
s
am
p
led
at
h
alf
o
f
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
f
(
t)
.
As a
r
esu
lt,
I
n
(
6
)
g
iv
es t
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
f
r
e
q
u
en
cies
o
f
s
ig
n
als cj
an
d
d
j in
ea
ch
r
eso
lu
t
io
n
lev
el
.
=
2
(
9
)
3.
M
O
DE
L
I
NG
AN
D
SI
M
U
L
AT
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
co
m
p
r
is
es
th
e
HI
F
m
o
d
el
an
d
th
e
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
el
an
d
th
e
DW
T
-
b
ased
HI
F
d
etec
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
HI
F m
o
d
el
s
im
u
lates th
e
h
ig
h
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
f
au
lt in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
p
o
we
r
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
el
an
d
th
e
g
en
er
ated
cu
r
r
e
n
t
an
d
v
o
lt
ag
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
ar
e
s
am
p
led
f
o
r
th
e
p
o
s
t
f
au
lt
an
aly
s
is
b
y
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
DW
T
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
Hig
h
imp
ed
a
n
ce
fa
u
lt d
etec
tio
n
in
1
1
k
V
o
ve
r
h
e
a
d
lin
e
w
i
th
d
is
crete…
(
Md
F
erd
o
u
s
e
Ho
s
s
a
in
B
h
u
iy
a
)
665
3
.
1
.
Hi
g
h im
peda
nce
f
a
ult
(
H
I
F
)
m
o
del
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
u
s
e
s
a
s
i
m
p
l
i
f
i
e
d
2
-
d
i
o
d
e
H
I
F
m
o
d
e
l
[
22
]
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
(
a
)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
o
f
t
h
e
H
I
F
m
o
d
e
l
.
C
o
n
v
e
r
s
e
l
y
,
t
h
e
S
i
m
u
l
i
n
k
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
i
s
m
o
d
e
l
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
a
r
c
o
f
s
a
n
d
y
s
o
i
l
i
s
t
h
e
b
a
s
is
o
f
t
h
i
s
H
I
F
m
o
d
e
l
.
A
t
a
d
j
a
c
e
n
t
p
o
i
n
t
s
,
t
h
e
m
o
d
e
l
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
s
t
w
o
d
i
o
d
e
s
o
f
o
p
p
o
s
i
t
e
p
o
l
a
r
i
t
y
a
n
d
t
w
o
d
i
r
e
c
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
(
DC
)
p
o
w
e
r
s
u
p
p
l
i
e
s
V
p
a
n
d
V
n
t
h
a
t
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
t
h
e
s
t
a
r
t
i
n
g
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
i
l
a
n
d
/
o
r
t
h
e
a
i
r
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
t
r
e
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
l
i
n
e
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
i
l
i
e
n
c
e
i
s
d
e
n
o
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
t
w
o
r
e
s
i
s
t
o
r
s
R
p
a
n
d
R
n
.
I
f
t
h
e
v
a
l
u
e
s
a
r
e
n
o
t
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
,
a
s
y
m
m
e
t
r
i
c
f
a
u
l
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
.
W
h
e
n
t
h
e
p
h
a
s
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
i
s
g
r
e
a
t
e
r
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
D
C
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
V
p
,
t
h
e
f
a
u
l
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
f
l
o
w
s
t
o
w
a
r
d
s
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
I
f
t
h
e
l
i
n
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
i
s
l
e
s
s
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
n
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
D
C
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
V
n
,
t
h
e
f
a
u
l
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
i
s
r
e
v
e
r
s
e
d
.
A
s
l
o
n
g
a
s
t
h
e
p
h
a
s
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
i
s
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
V
n
a
n
d
V
p
,
n
o
-
f
a
u
l
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
f
l
o
w
s
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Simp
lifie
d
two
d
io
d
e
HI
F f
au
lt m
o
d
el
; (
a
)
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
o
f
t
h
e
H
I
F
m
o
d
e
l
a
n
d
(
b
)
S
i
m
u
l
i
n
k
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
3
.
2
.
P
o
wer
dis
t
ributio
n net
wo
rk
m
o
del
T
h
e
p
o
wer
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
etwo
r
k
m
o
d
el
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
an
1
1
k
V
lin
ea
r
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
etwo
r
k
with
two
3
p
h
ase
Pi
s
ec
tio
n
lin
es,
ea
ch
lin
e
is
h
av
in
g
a
len
g
th
o
f
2
5
Km
.
I
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
th
e
HI
F
m
o
d
el,
v
ar
iab
le
f
au
lt
r
esis
tan
ce
is
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
in
t
r
o
d
u
cin
g
a
s
in
e
wav
e
b
lo
ck
with
f
ix
2
5
0
Oh
m
r
esis
tan
ce
o
n
b
o
th
b
r
an
c
h
es.
Sin
e
wav
e
am
p
l
itu
d
e
is
k
ep
t a
t
1
0
% o
f
th
e
f
ix
ed
r
esis
to
r
v
alu
e
as g
iv
en
in
[
2
3
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Dis
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
etwo
r
k
m
o
d
el
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
n
ee
d
to
b
e
s
am
p
led
with
2
5
6
s
am
p
les/
cy
cle
s
o
th
at
t
h
ey
ca
n
b
e
ea
s
ily
an
aly
ze
d
with
DW
T
an
d
I
C
A
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
as
well.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
th
e
DW
T
alg
o
r
ith
m
ac
ce
p
t
s
2
n
s
am
p
les
f
o
r
t
h
e
m
u
ltire
s
o
lu
tio
n
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
s
am
p
lin
g
tim
e
is
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
(
1
0
)
.
Fo
r
th
e
2
s
ec
s
im
u
latio
n
tim
e
an
d
5
0
Hz
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
,
a
to
tal
o
f
2
5
6
0
0
s
am
p
le
s
is
g
en
er
ated
to
b
e
a
n
aly
ze
d
b
y
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
Sam
p
le
tim
e
=
(
1
cy
cle
p
er
io
d
f
o
r
5
0
Hz)
/ (
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
s
am
p
les)
(
1
0
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
6
6
1
-
672
666
3
.
3
.
P
ro
po
s
ed
DWT
ba
s
ed
H
I
F
det
ec
t
io
n a
lg
o
rit
hm
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
f
lo
w
ch
ar
t
o
f
Fig
u
r
e
5
,
t
h
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
t
ar
ts
with
th
e
s
ep
ar
atio
n
o
f
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
3
cu
r
r
en
t
p
h
ases
I
ab
c
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
m
b
in
ed
I
ab
c
to
2
D
s
am
p
le
ar
r
ay
.
Af
ter
war
d
,
th
e
DW
T
m
eth
o
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
b
y
MA
T
L
AB
is
ap
p
lied
to
ea
ch
cu
r
r
en
t
p
h
ase
s
am
p
le
a
n
d
g
ets
d
3
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
ar
r
ay
“d
3
[
n
]
”.
T
h
en
th
e
n
ex
t
s
tag
e
is
to
g
et
th
e
s
u
m
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
d
3
[
n
]
.
Sin
ce
t
o
tal
s
am
p
les
p
er
cy
cle
ar
e
s
et
to
2
5
6
.
So
th
at
a
f
ter
th
e
3
r
d
le
v
el
o
f
DW
T
,
d
3
co
ef
f
icien
ts
p
e
r
cy
cl
e
ar
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
to
2
5
6
/2
3
=
3
2
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
ea
ch
tim
e
3
2
c
o
ef
f
i
cien
ts
o
f
d
3
[
n
]
a
r
e
s
u
m
m
ed
to
g
et
s
u
m
_
d
3
,
wh
ic
h
is
co
ef
f
icien
t
s
u
m
m
atio
n
p
e
r
elec
tr
ical
cy
cle.
T
h
e
n
Su
m
_
d
3
is
co
m
p
ar
e
d
with
th
e
th
r
esh
o
l
d
v
alu
e
“
T
h
”
t
h
at
h
as
b
ee
n
s
et
to
4
0
0
a
f
ter
s
ev
er
al
iter
atio
n
s
.
I
f
s
u
m
_
d
3
is
eq
u
al
o
r
ab
o
v
e
th
e
n
T
h
f
o
r
7
c
y
cles o
r
m
o
r
e,
r
ep
r
esen
t
ed
as a
s
“F”
v
ar
iab
le,
th
is
will b
e
th
e
in
d
icatio
n
o
f
a
f
au
lt in
t
h
at
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
h
ase.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Flo
w
ch
a
r
t
o
f
DW
T
b
ased
HI
F d
etec
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
3
.
4
.
P
ro
po
s
ed
I
CA
ba
s
ed
H
I
F
det
ec
t
io
n a
lg
o
rit
hm
Fo
r
th
e
I
C
A
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
s
ep
ar
ate
th
e
HI
F
n
o
is
e
s
ig
n
a
l
f
r
o
m
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
t
wav
e
f
o
r
m
s
,
it
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
g
et
ea
ch
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
t
s
am
p
le
f
r
o
m
at
least
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
lo
ca
tio
n
s
b
ec
a
u
s
e
o
f
h
av
in
g
th
r
e
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
h
ases
o
r
i
n
d
ep
e
n
d
e
n
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
(
8
)
,
th
e
r
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
lin
ea
r
m
ix
tu
r
es
x
1
,
.
.
,
x
n
o
f
n
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
s
1
,…s
n
.
an
d
a
1
,
a
2
,
.
.
.
a
n
re
p
r
esen
t
s
th
e
co
ef
f
icien
t m
atr
ix
[
2
4
]
.
x
j
= a
1
s
1
+a
2
s
2
+..
.
+a
n
s
n
wh
er
e
j
=
1
…n
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
b
l
o
ck
is
u
s
ed
at
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
lo
ca
tio
n
s
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
ts
.
I
n
itially
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
I
C
A
-
b
ased
d
etec
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
g
en
e
r
ates
a
lin
ea
r
m
ix
t
u
r
e
o
f
ea
ch
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
an
aly
ze
s
ea
ch
m
i
x
tu
r
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
ally
with
I
C
A,
an
d
y
ield
s
two
s
ep
a
r
ate
in
d
e
p
en
d
en
t
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
n
o
is
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
an
d
th
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
cu
r
r
en
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
f
o
r
ea
ch
cu
r
r
en
t
p
h
ase.
I
C
A
m
eth
o
d
o
r
f
u
n
ctio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ed
af
te
r
s
ev
er
al
tr
ials
an
d
er
r
o
r
s
with
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
p
ar
am
eter
s
[
2
5
]
.
Ap
p
r
o
ac
h
=
d
ef
latio
n
No
n
lin
ea
r
ity
‘
g
’
=
g
a
u
s
s
Fin
etu
n
e
=
s
k
ew
Stab
ilizatio
n
=
o
n
Af
ter
war
d
,
ex
tr
ac
te
d
n
o
is
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
ea
ch
c
u
r
r
e
n
t p
h
as
e
ar
e
p
lo
tted
in
th
e
tim
e
d
o
m
ai
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
Hig
h
imp
ed
a
n
ce
fa
u
lt d
etec
tio
n
in
1
1
k
V
o
ve
r
h
e
a
d
lin
e
w
i
th
d
is
crete…
(
Md
F
erd
o
u
s
e
Ho
s
s
a
in
B
h
u
iy
a
)
667
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
NS
Af
ter
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
HI
F
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
el
an
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
cr
ip
ts
f
o
r
a
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
s
y
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
DW
T
an
d
I
C
A,
f
au
lt
co
n
d
itio
n
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
test
ed
f
o
r
2
s
ec
o
n
d
s
s
im
u
latio
n
tim
e.
W
h
er
e
h
ig
h
im
p
ed
an
ce
f
a
u
lt wa
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
at
p
h
ase
A,
f
r
o
m
0
.
7
s
to
1
.
3
s
in
ca
s
e
o
f
DW
T
-
b
ased
f
au
lt d
etec
tio
n
.
W
h
ile
in
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
th
e
I
C
A
-
b
ased
f
a
u
lt
n
o
is
e
s
ep
ar
atio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
au
lt
was
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
p
h
as
e
B
f
r
o
m
0
.
4
s
ec
t
o
0
.
4
0
5
s
ec
.
Fau
lt
tim
e
h
as
b
ee
n
r
ed
u
ce
d
in
te
n
tio
n
ally
i
n
th
e
c
ase
o
f
I
C
A
alg
o
r
ith
m
e
v
alu
ati
o
n
s
o
t
h
at
s
ep
ar
ated
HI
F n
o
is
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t p
atter
n
s
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
ea
s
ily
.
I
n
itially
,
f
o
r
e
v
alu
atin
g
ea
ch
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
th
e
f
au
lt
was
s
et
i
n
th
e
HI
F
m
o
d
el.
Af
ter
th
en
ex
tr
ac
t
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
ata
in
to
th
e
MA
T
L
AB
wo
r
k
s
p
ac
e
with
a
s
am
p
le
tim
e
o
f
3
.
3
3
x
1
0
-
6
s
ec
.
Sin
ce
it
i
s
in
ten
d
ed
to
g
et
6
0
0
0
s
am
p
les
p
er
cy
cle
t
o
ac
h
iev
e
a
h
ig
h
-
r
eso
lu
tio
n
n
o
is
e
s
ig
n
al
p
atter
n
,
th
er
ef
o
r
e
s
am
p
le
tim
e
is
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
u
s
in
g
(
11
)
.
Sam
p
le
tim
e
=
(
1
cy
cle
p
er
io
d
f
o
r
5
0
Hz)
/ (
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
s
am
p
les)
(
1
1
)
=
2
0
x
1
0
-
3
/6
0
0
0
=3
.
3
3
x
1
0
-
6
s
ec
Fo
r
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
tim
e
o
f
2
s
e
c,
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
elec
tr
ica
l c
y
cles is
5
0
Hz
x
2
=
1
0
0
c
y
c
le
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
s
am
p
les
th
at
ar
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
in
th
e
MA
T
L
AB
wo
r
k
s
p
ac
e
will
b
e
,
T
o
tal
No
.
o
f
c
y
cles x
No
.
o
f
s
am
p
le
s
p
er
cy
cle
=1
0
0
cy
cles x
6
0
0
0
=
6
0
0
,
0
0
0
s
am
p
les
.
Af
ter
war
d
ex
tr
ac
ted
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t
d
ata
is
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
DW
T
an
d
I
C
A
-
b
ased
HI
F
d
etec
tio
n
s
cr
ip
t
f
o
r
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
HI
F
f
au
lts
in
th
e
p
h
ases
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
m
en
tio
n
ed
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
ep
ar
ately
.
T
h
ese
two
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t b
u
t u
s
ed
t
h
e
f
au
lt
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
am
e
m
o
d
el.
4
.
1
.
DWT
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
:
ph
a
s
e
a
f
a
ult
f
r
o
m
0
.
5
s
–
0
.
7
s
Fo
r
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
DW
T
-
b
as
ed
HI
F
d
etec
tio
n
alg
o
r
it
h
m
,
th
e
f
au
lt
was
cr
ea
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
cir
c
u
it
b
r
ea
k
er
in
p
h
ase
A
f
r
o
m
0
.
5
s
ec
to
0
.
7
s
ec
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
a
)
an
d
6
(
b
)
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
d
u
r
in
g
p
h
ase
a
f
au
lt
co
n
d
itio
n
.
Fro
m
th
e
f
ig
u
r
es,
d
is
tu
r
b
a
n
ce
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
in
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
as
well
a
f
ter
0
.
5
s
ec
.
Ho
wev
er
,
cu
r
r
en
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
ar
e
m
o
r
e
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
HI
F,
th
er
ef
o
r
e
th
ese
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
ar
e
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
f
o
r
th
e
HI
F a
n
aly
s
is
.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e,
c
u
r
r
en
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
ar
e
s
am
p
led
w
ith
6
0
0
0
s
am
p
les
p
er
c
y
cle
an
d
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
a
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
d
etec
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
a)
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
o
f
p
h
ase
A,
wh
ile
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
b
)
is
th
e
g
r
ap
h
o
b
t
ain
ed
f
r
o
m
its
d
3
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
s
.
I
n
th
is
f
ig
u
r
e,
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
f
o
r
th
e
f
a
u
lt
d
u
r
atio
n
.
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
,
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
c
)
i
llu
s
tr
ates
th
e
g
r
ap
h
o
b
tain
e
d
b
y
s
u
m
m
in
g
t
h
e
co
ef
f
icien
ts
o
f
DW
T
lev
el
3
f
o
r
ea
c
h
elec
tr
ical
cy
cle.
Sin
ce
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
th
e
d
etec
ti
o
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
alu
e
o
f
d
3
co
e
f
f
ic
ien
ts
s
u
m
m
atio
n
is
s
et
to
8
0
0
,
an
d
i
f
d
3
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
s
u
m
m
atio
n
m
ain
tain
s
o
r
ex
ce
ed
s
th
is
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
alu
e
f
o
r
at
least
7
elec
tr
ical
c
y
cles,
th
is
will
in
d
icate
t
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
HI
F
in
t
h
at
p
ar
ticu
lar
p
h
ase.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
th
is
f
ig
u
r
e
th
at
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
wh
o
le
f
au
lt
tim
e,
th
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
v
a
lu
e
o
f
d
3
co
ef
f
icien
ts
s
u
m
m
atio
n
r
ea
ch
e
d
ab
o
u
t
8
7
0
.
W
h
er
ea
s
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
v
alu
e
is
m
ain
tain
ed
n
ea
r
ab
o
u
t
8
6
0
,
wh
ich
is
h
ig
h
er
th
an
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
alu
e
o
f
8
0
0
.
Hen
ce
,
t
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
d
ete
cted
HI
F
in
p
h
ase
A
an
d
th
e
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
HI
F is
c
alcu
l
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
itial a
n
d
f
i
n
al
d
etec
tio
n
tim
e
u
s
in
g
r
elatio
n
s
.
Dete
ctio
n
tim
e
=
(
tim
e
p
er
io
d
o
f
elec
tr
ical
cy
cle)
x
(
n
th
d
3
co
ef
f
icien
t su
m
m
atio
n
a
f
ter
d
ete
ctio
n
)
I
n
itial d
etec
tio
n
tim
e
=
(
1
/5
0
)
x
3
5
=
0
.
7
s
ec
Fin
al
d
etec
tio
n
tim
e
=
(
1
/
5
0
)
x
6
5
=
1
.
3
s
ec
An
n
th
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
3
co
e
f
f
ici
en
t
s
u
m
m
atio
n
f
o
r
in
itial
an
d
f
in
al
d
etec
tio
n
tim
e
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
c)
at
th
e
b
e
g
in
n
in
g
a
n
d
en
d
o
f
th
e
f
au
lt
wav
ef
o
r
m
.
I
t
is
n
o
ted
th
at
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
3
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
s
u
m
m
atio
n
s
is
th
e
s
am
e
as
t
h
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ical
cy
cle
th
at
is
1
0
0
f
o
r
t
h
e
2
-
s
ec
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
s
im
u
latio
n
,
s
in
ce
ea
ch
s
u
m
m
at
io
n
is
ca
lcu
lated
f
o
r
o
n
e
elec
tr
ical
cy
cle
as d
is
cu
s
s
ed
b
ef
o
r
e.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Vo
ltag
e
an
d
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
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-
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ased
p
er
cy
cle
m
o
v
in
g
win
d
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w
d
etec
tio
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al
g
o
r
ith
m
ca
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p
r
ec
is
ely
p
r
e
d
ict
9
0
%
HI
F
in
th
e
p
h
ases
at
d
if
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en
t
f
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lt
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em
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tr
ated
.
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wev
er
,
d
u
e
to
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e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
th
e
f
a
u
lty
p
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ase,
m
in
o
r
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
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r
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was a
ls
o
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s
er
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ed
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th
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n
o
n
-
f
a
u
lt p
h
ases
.
T
h
is
d
if
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icu
lty
is
s
o
lv
ed
b
y
th
e
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