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ad
d
ata
tr
af
f
ic,
v
ar
io
u
s
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
s
ch
em
es
lik
e
B
PS
K,
QPSK
an
d
QAM
64.
T
h
e
aim
o
f
th
is
p
a
p
er
is
p
r
p
o
s
ed
ev
alu
atio
n
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
p
a
r
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
m
u
ltip
ath
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
el
an
d
b
an
d
wid
th
o
v
er
th
e
Star
tr
ajec
to
r
y
W
iMAX
n
etwo
r
k
wer
e
ev
alu
ated
u
n
d
er
a
s
ce
n
ar
io
c
o
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
f
o
u
r
ce
l
ls
.
E
ac
h
ce
ll
co
n
tain
s
o
n
e
m
o
b
ile
an
d
o
n
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
.
Netwo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
m
etr
ics
s
u
ch
as
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t a
n
d
MO
S we
r
e
u
s
e
d
to
ev
alu
ate
t
h
e
b
est p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
Vo
I
P c
o
d
ec
s
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
S
2
.
1
.
VO
I
P
Vo
I
P
is
s
p
ec
if
ied
as
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
in
ter
n
et
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
u
s
ed
to
tr
an
s
m
it
m
u
ltime
d
ia
an
d
v
o
ic
e
-
o
v
er
I
P
-
b
ased
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
th
e
I
n
ter
n
et
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
Vo
I
P
is
m
ajo
r
ly
u
tili
ze
d
as
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
to
co
ls
f
o
r
r
e
p
lacin
g
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
telep
h
o
n
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
,
PS
T
N.
R
ec
en
tly
,
th
e
p
o
p
u
lar
ity
o
f
Vo
I
P
was
in
cr
ea
s
ed
b
ec
a
u
s
e
it
is
in
ex
p
en
s
iv
e
co
m
p
a
r
ed
t
o
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
lo
n
g
-
d
is
tan
ce
telep
h
o
n
e
ca
lls
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
telep
h
o
n
e
ca
lls
m
i
g
h
t
b
e
m
ad
e
o
v
er
co
m
p
u
ter
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
lik
e
th
e
I
n
ter
n
et,
with
Vo
I
P
-
to
-
V
o
I
P
at
n
o
ad
d
itio
n
al
co
s
t o
th
er
th
an
t
h
e
m
o
n
th
ly
f
e
e
th
e
u
s
er
is
p
ay
in
g
f
o
r
I
n
ter
n
e
t a
cc
ess
.
Vo
I
P
is
co
n
v
er
tin
g
th
e
an
alo
g
v
o
ice
s
ig
n
als
in
to
d
ig
ital
d
ata
p
ac
k
ets
f
r
o
m
an
e
n
d
-
u
s
er
.
T
h
e
r
esto
r
ed
d
ata
p
ac
k
ets
will
b
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
to
an
o
th
e
r
en
d
-
u
s
er
v
ia
a
co
m
p
u
ter
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
d
ig
ita
l
d
ata
p
ac
k
et
s
will
u
n
d
er
g
o
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
ag
ain
an
d
will
en
d
u
p
b
ei
n
g
th
e
o
r
i
g
in
a
l
an
alo
g
v
o
ice
s
ig
n
al.
T
h
is
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
s
er
v
ice
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
o
f
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
atio
n
s
with
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
an
d
f
lex
i
b
ilit
y
.
Vo
I
P
-
to
-
PS
T
N
s
er
v
ices
ar
e
also
av
ailab
le
at
a
f
ix
e
d
m
o
n
t
h
ly
p
ay
m
e
n
t;
h
o
w
ev
er
,
th
is
ty
p
e
o
f
s
er
v
ice'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
b
ey
o
n
d
th
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
t
h
is
p
r
o
ject
an
d
will
n
o
t
b
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
o
r
a
n
a
ly
ze
d
.
T
h
e
r
e
ar
e
also
s
o
m
e
d
o
wn
s
id
es
to
Vo
I
P
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
I
t
h
as a
n
av
er
a
g
e
d
r
o
p
o
f
ca
lls
at
3
%,
an
d
it c
o
u
l
d
g
o
u
p
to
5
%,
wh
i
le
r
eg
u
la
r
p
h
o
n
e
s
er
v
ices h
a
v
e
a
m
o
d
e
r
ate
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
ca
lls
a
t
less
th
an
0
.
1
%.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
a
p
o
wer
o
u
tag
e
o
r
lo
s
t
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
I
n
ter
n
et,
Vo
I
P
ca
lls
wo
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
ab
le
to
m
ak
e.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
r
e
ar
e
n
o
av
ailab
le
Vo
I
P
-
to
-
Vo
I
P
ca
lls
f
o
r
em
er
g
en
cy
s
er
v
ices.
2
.
2
.
VO
I
P
o
v
er
WI
-
M
AX
On
e
alter
n
ativ
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
wir
ed
n
etwo
r
k
s
is
W
i
-
MA
X
as
a
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
wir
eless
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
;
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
d
ata
r
ate
o
f
7
5
Mb
p
s
with
5
0
k
m
as
co
v
er
ag
e
ar
ea
[
4
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
it
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
o
f
Qo
S
v
ia
m
a
n
y
ap
p
lica
tio
n
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
lik
e
Vo
I
P.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
f
o
u
r
d
if
f
er
en
t tr
a
f
f
ic
class
es u
s
ed
b
y
W
i
-
MA
X
f
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
its
ap
p
licatio
n
s
:
a)
B
est e
f
f
o
r
t (
B
E
)
was d
ev
elo
p
e
d
f
o
r
we
b
b
r
o
wsi
n
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
9
]
th
at
d
o
n
'
t n
ee
d
Qo
S.
b)
No
n
-
r
ea
l
tim
e
p
o
llin
g
s
er
v
ice
(
n
r
tPS
)
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
n
o
n
-
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
lik
e
FTP
[
1
0
]
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
v
a
r
iab
le
d
ata
s
izes.
c)
Un
s
o
licited
g
r
an
t
s
er
v
ices
(
UGSs
)
ar
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
a
p
p
li
ca
tio
n
s
o
f
c
o
n
s
tan
t
b
it
r
ate
(
C
B
R
)
lik
e
Vo
I
P
with
n
o
s
ilen
ce
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
,
in
w
h
ich
u
s
er
s
ar
e
ass
ig
n
ed
a
f
ix
ed
b
an
d
wid
th
v
ia
b
ase
s
tatio
n
(
B
S).
d)
R
ea
l
-
tim
e
p
o
llin
g
s
er
v
ice
(
r
tPS
)
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
with
d
ata
o
f
v
ar
iab
le
s
izes
lik
e
MPE
G
[
1
1
]
,
in
wh
ic
h
B
an
d
w
id
th
is
allo
ca
ted
v
ia
B
S
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
eq
u
est
r
e
g
ar
d
i
n
g
s
u
b
s
cr
ib
er
s
t
atio
n
(
SS
)
.
E
v
en
t
h
o
u
g
h
th
at
W
i
-
MA
X
w
as
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
f
o
r
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
I
n
ter
n
et
s
er
v
ice,
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
Vo
I
P
h
av
e
an
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
elate
d
t
o
W
i
-
MA
X
n
etwo
r
k
s
[
1
2
]
.
2
.
3
.
VO
I
P
a
pp
lica
t
io
n
QoS
C
u
r
r
en
tly
,
u
s
er
s
b
en
e
f
it
f
r
o
m
p
r
esen
t
n
etwo
r
k
s
o
f
d
ata
v
ia
v
id
eo
ca
lls
,
v
o
ice
ca
lls
,
an
d
tex
t
m
ess
ag
es.
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
p
h
o
n
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
ca
n
n
o
t
co
m
p
ete
with
s
u
ch
s
er
v
ice
ty
p
es
b
ec
a
u
s
e
o
f
th
eir
r
e
d
u
ce
d
o
p
er
atin
g
an
d
eq
u
i
p
m
en
t
c
o
s
ts
an
d
th
e
c
ap
ab
ilit
y
o
f
i
n
teg
r
a
tin
g
d
ata
a
n
d
v
o
ice
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
[
1
3
]
.
Als
o
,
Qo
S
f
o
r
Vo
I
P wa
s
ev
alu
ated
v
ia
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
etr
ics lik
e
jitt
er
,
e
n
d
to
e
n
d
d
ela
y
,
an
d
Me
an
Op
in
io
n
Sco
r
e
MO
S.
a)
T
h
e
s
ca
le
o
f
MO
S
is
v
ar
y
in
g
b
etwe
en
1
an
d
5
,
also
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
v
o
ice
q
u
ality
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
th
e
v
alu
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
m
o
s
t
in
f
er
i
o
r
q
u
ality
was
1
,
wh
ile
th
e
o
p
tim
al
q
u
ality
was
5
[
1
4
]
,
as
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
T
ab
le1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
1
5
1
0
-
1
5
1
9
1512
T
ab
le
1
.
MO
S
[
1
5
]
S
c
a
l
e
o
f
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
S
c
o
r
e
Th
e
sc
a
l
e
o
f
Li
s
t
e
n
i
n
g
Ef
f
o
r
t
Ex
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
5
N
o
e
f
f
o
r
t
s
n
e
e
d
e
d
G
o
o
d
4
N
o
c
o
n
si
d
e
r
a
b
l
e
e
f
f
o
r
t
s
n
e
e
d
e
d
F
a
i
r
3
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
e
f
f
o
r
t
s
n
e
e
d
e
d
P
o
o
r
2
S
u
b
s
t
a
n
t
i
a
l
e
f
f
o
r
t
s
n
e
e
d
e
d
B
a
d
1
N
o
me
a
n
i
n
g
u
n
d
e
r
st
o
o
d
w
i
t
h
e
f
f
o
r
t
s
b)
J
itter
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
in
ed
as
th
e
ar
r
iv
al
tim
e
v
ar
iatio
n
r
elate
d
to
co
n
s
ec
u
tiv
e
p
ac
k
ets
[
1
6
]
.
B
ef
o
r
e
th
e
d
ec
o
d
in
g
,
th
e
p
ac
k
ag
es
ar
r
iv
e
d
at
lim
ited
s
ize
b
u
f
f
er
s
an
d
a
f
ew
p
ac
k
ag
es
m
i
g
h
t
co
m
e
o
u
t o
f
o
r
d
er
o
r
b
e
lo
s
t.
J
itter
was c
alcu
lated
b
y
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
in
p
a
ck
ets d
elay
o
v
e
r
tim
e
p
er
io
d
[
1
4
]
.
c)
Pack
et's
en
d
-
to
-
en
d
d
elay
s
wer
e
ev
alu
ated
v
ia
th
e
s
p
ea
k
er
s
'
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
d
elay
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
p
ea
k
er
s
to
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
s
.
Als
o
,
it
in
v
o
lv
es
d
ec
o
d
in
g
an
d
en
co
d
i
n
g
d
elay
,
n
etwo
r
k
d
ela
y
,
d
ec
o
m
p
r
ess
io
n
,
an
d
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
d
elay
s
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
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s
ec
to
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ter
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g
u
i
d
elin
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f
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r
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f
o
r
jitt
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a
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d
en
d
-
to
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d
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as
ca
n
b
e
s
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n
in
T
a
b
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2
.
T
e
le
-
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
u
n
io
n
(
I
T
U
-
T)
[
1
6
]
.
A
v
o
ice
c
all
o
f
b
etter
q
u
ality
m
ig
h
t b
e
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av
in
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0
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s
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th
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jitt
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(
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T
ab
le2
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Gu
id
elin
es f
o
r
th
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q
u
a
lity
o
f
v
o
ice
[
1
6
]
.
N
e
t
w
o
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k
p
a
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20
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2
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.
C
o
decs o
f
VO
I
P
Vo
I
P
d
ep
en
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m
a
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tili
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p
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p
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v
id
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s
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if
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t
c
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[
1
5
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T
h
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tu
d
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alu
atin
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P c
o
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: G
7
1
1
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2
3
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an
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G7
2
9
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T
ab
le3
.
Ma
jo
r
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f
Vo
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P
[
1
2
]
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D
a
t
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r
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b
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O
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3
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7
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7
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8
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3
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7
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4
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0
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1
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7
1
1
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P.
I
n
1
9
7
2
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T
U.
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les
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7
1
1
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3
[
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7
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2
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4
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2
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T
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ates.
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ates:
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4
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[
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4
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ased
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L
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6
0
[
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2
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4
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9
T
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[
1
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ased
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L
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o
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ith
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ate
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ile
th
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v
a
lu
es o
f
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e
wer
e
4
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0
[
1
7
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,
[
1
8
]
.
R
e
c
e
n
tl
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t
h
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[
1
9
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.
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Scen
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with
u
s
ed
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
an
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
m
u
ltip
ath
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
el
(
I
T
U
p
ed
estrian
a
)
f
o
r
m
o
b
ile
(
1
-
1
)
,
an
d
th
e
m
u
ltip
ath
ch
a
n
n
el
m
o
d
el
(
d
is
ab
le)
f
o
r
m
o
b
ile
(
4
-
1
)
,
th
e
MO
S
is
b
ett
er
an
d
h
ig
h
e
r
if
u
s
e
th
e
m
u
ltip
ath
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
el
(
d
is
ab
le
)
f
o
r
m
o
b
ile
(
4
-
1
)
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
t
h
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t o
f
m
o
b
ile
h
as a
m
ax
im
u
m
r
ate
o
f
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
o
f
1
3
0
0
p
ac
k
ets /s
ec
wh
en
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
h
as
s
tar
tr
ajec
to
r
y
an
d
th
e
B
a
n
d
wid
th
(
-
1
d
B
)
.
Ho
wev
er
,
wh
en
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
am
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
b
u
t
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
b
an
d
wid
th
s
(
1
5
d
B
,
-
1
d
B
)
,
we
g
et
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
r
esu
lts
,
n
o
tin
g
t
h
at
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
in
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
h
ig
h
er
B
an
d
wid
th
is
b
etter
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
r
esu
lt,
it
ca
n
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
MO
S
f
o
r
Mo
b
ile
(4
-
1
)
h
ig
h
e
r
th
an
2
.
5
.
Ho
wev
er
,
f
o
r
m
o
b
ile
(
1
-
1
)
eq
u
al
to
1
.
5
.
He
r
e
s
h
o
ws
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
in
th
e
m
u
ltip
ath
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
el.
Fig
u
r
e
9
s
h
o
ws th
at
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Scen
ar
i
o
(
1
)
W
iMa
x
n
etwo
r
k
(
s
tar
tr
ajec
to
r
y
)
•
Fo
r
Mo
b
ile
(
4
-
1)
B
.
W
=1
5
,
p
ath
lo
s
s
p
ar
am
eter
=
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e
Mu
ltip
ath
ch
an
n
el
M
o
d
el
=
Di
s
ab
le
•
Fo
r
Mo
b
ile
(
1
-
1)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
1
5
1
0
-
1
5
1
9
1516
B
.
W
=1
5
,
p
ath
lo
s
s
p
ar
am
eter
=
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e
Mu
ltip
ath
ch
an
n
el
M
o
d
el
=
I
T
U
Ped
estrian
A
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Av
e
r
ag
eM
OS f
o
r
all
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
MO
S
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
I
n
th
e
s
am
e
s
ce
n
ar
i,
o
n
ly
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
in
B
an
d
wid
th
=
−
1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
E
n
h
a
n
ce
me
n
t o
f WiMAX
n
etw
o
r
ks u
s
in
g
OP
N
E
T mo
d
eler p
la
tfo
r
m
(
N
o
o
r
N
a
teq
A
lfa
is
a
ly
)
1517
I
n
th
is
r
esu
lt,
we
ca
n
s
ee
th
e
MO
S
f
o
r
m
o
b
ile
(4
-
1
)
h
ig
h
er
th
an
2
.
9
.
Ho
wev
er
,
f
o
r
m
o
b
ile
(
1
-
1
)
,
less
th
an
2
.
Her
e
s
h
o
ws
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
th
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
in
th
e
m
u
ltip
ath
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
el
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
at,
•
Fo
r
m
o
b
ile
(4
-
1)
B
.
W
=
-
1
d
B
,
p
ath
lo
s
s
p
ar
am
et
er
=
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e
Mu
ltip
ath
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
el
=
Di
s
ab
le
•
Fo
r
m
o
b
ile
(1
-
1)
B
.
W
=
-
1
d
B
,
p
ath
lo
s
s
p
ar
am
et
er
=
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e
Mu
ltip
ath
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
el
=
I
T
U
Ped
estrian
A.
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
Av
er
ag
e
MO
S f
o
r
a
ll
n
etwo
r
k
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
MO
S
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
1
5
1
0
-
1
5
1
9
1518
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
ex
ten
s
iv
e
s
im
u
l
atio
n
s
tu
d
y
h
a
d
co
n
d
u
cte
d
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
W
iMAX
f
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
Vo
I
P
tr
af
f
ic.
I
m
p
o
r
tan
t
cr
itical
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
Mu
ltip
ath
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
el
a
n
d
b
an
d
wid
t
h
o
v
er
th
e
Star
tr
ajec
to
r
y
W
iMAX
n
etwo
r
k
wer
e
a
n
aly
ze
d
.
Simu
latio
n
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
wh
en
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
b
an
d
wid
th
,
t
h
e
av
er
a
g
e
MO
S
an
d
th
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
was
in
cr
ea
s
ed
.
No
tin
g
th
at
th
e
in
c
r
ea
s
e
in
b
an
d
wid
t
h
h
as
a
clea
r
er
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
a
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
MO
S.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
at
1
5
d
B
was
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
1
6
0
0
p
ac
k
et/s
ec
,
an
d
at
-
1
d
B
was
its
v
alu
e
1
3
0
0
p
ac
k
et/s
ec
.
On
th
e
o
th
e
r
h
an
d
,
th
e
b
a
n
d
wid
th
was
f
ix
ed
at
(
1
5
d
B
,
-
1
d
B
)
with
a
ch
an
g
e
i
n
th
e
m
u
ltip
ath
ch
a
n
n
el
m
o
d
e
l
in
two
m
o
b
iles
(
1
-
1
)
,
(
4
-
1
)
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
d
ata,
th
e
m
u
ltip
ath
c
h
an
n
el
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
d
is
ab
le
ty
p
es
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
MO
S
was
b
etter
t
h
an
th
e
I
T
U
p
ed
estrian
A
ty
p
e.
Fu
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
in
clu
d
es
ad
d
in
g
o
th
er
r
esu
lts
,
s
u
ch
as
T
r
a
f
f
ic
s
en
t
an
d
r
ec
eiv
e
d
f
o
r
m
o
b
iles
,
J
itter
an
d
E
n
d
to
en
d
d
elay
with
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
il
ity
o
f
u
s
in
g
o
th
er
ty
p
es
o
f
Mu
l
tip
ath
ch
an
n
el
Mo
d
el
an
d
clar
if
y
in
g
th
e
ex
ten
t
o
f
th
eir
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
.
Per
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
was
an
aly
ze
d
v
ia
O
PNET
p
r
o
g
r
am
1
4
.
5
.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
th
e
r
esu
lts
,
th
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
B
W
,
th
e
b
etter
th
e
r
esu
lts
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
m
u
lti
p
ath
c
h
an
n
el
m
o
d
el
(
d
is
ab
le)
was
b
etter
th
an
u
s
in
g
th
e
m
o
d
el
(
I
T
U
p
ed
estrian
A)
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
b
an
d
wid
th
h
as
a
clea
r
e
r
ef
f
e
ct
o
n
a
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
MO
S.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t a
t 1
5
d
B
was a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ately
1
6
0
0
p
ac
k
et/s
ec
,
an
d
at
-
1
d
B
was
its
v
alu
e
1
3
0
0
p
ac
k
et/s
e.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
d
ata,
t
h
e
m
u
ltip
ath
c
h
an
n
e
l
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
d
is
ab
le
ty
p
es
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
t
h
e
MO
S wa
s
b
etter
th
an
th
e
I
T
U
p
ed
estrian
A
ty
p
e.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
A
Co
lb
a
c
h
,
G
.
"
Th
e
Wi
F
i
Ne
t
wo
rk
i
n
g
Bo
o
k
:
WL
AN
S
tan
d
a
r
d
s:
IEE
E
8
0
2
.
1
1
B
g
n
,
8
0
2
.
1
1
n
,
8
0
2
.
1
1
a
c
a
n
d
8
0
2
.
1
1
a
x
"
In
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
tl
y
P
u
b
li
s
h
e
d
2
0
1
9
h
t
tp
s://
b
o
o
k
s.
g
o
o
g
le.
iq
/
b
o
o
k
s?
i
d
=
QO
6
x
x
g
EACAA
J
[2
]
D.
R.
M
u
k
a
d
d
im
P
a
t
h
a
n
,
Ra
m
e
sh
K.
S
it
a
ra
m
a
n
,
"
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
Co
n
ten
t
De
li
v
e
ry
,
S
trea
m
in
g
,
a
n
d
Cl
o
u
d
S
e
rv
ice
s
,
"
Jo
h
n
Wi
le
y
&
S
o
n
s,
I
n
c
.
,
Ho
b
o
k
e
n
,
Ne
w Je
rse
y
,
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
2
/9
7
8
1
1
1
8
9
0
9
6
9
0
.
[3
]
S
.
Ab
d
u
lmo
n
e
m
S
a
e
e
d
,
“
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
An
a
ly
sis
o
f
Vo
IP
o
v
e
r
M
o
b
il
e
Wi
M
AX
Ne
two
rk
s,”
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
2
5
1
4
-
2
5
1
8
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/ICS
G
RC.2
0
1
4
.
6
9
0
8
7
0
9
.
[4
]
S
.
Isla
m
,
M
.
Ra
sh
id
,
a
n
d
M
.
Tari
q
u
e
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
An
a
ly
sis o
f
W
iM
a
x
Wi
F
i
S
y
ste
m
u
n
d
e
r
Diffe
re
n
t
Co
d
e
c
s,”
In
t.
J
.
Co
mp
u
t.
A
p
p
l
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
3
–
1
9
,
2
0
1
1
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
5
1
2
0
/
2
2
9
0
-
2
9
7
3
.
[5
]
G
.
Ra
jara
m
a
n
,
K.
P
a
rth
ib
a
n
,
M
.
Ra
m
a
sw
a
m
y
,
"
Du
a
l
Ba
n
d
M
i
n
iatu
rize
d
P
a
tch
A
n
ten
n
a
fo
r
W
LAN,
WI
M
AX
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s Us
in
g
S
p
iral
M
e
ta co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
,
"
IJ
S
R
S
ET
,
v
ol
.
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
0
8
6
-
1
0
8
9
,
P
r
in
t
I
S
S
N:
2
3
9
5
-
1
9
9
0
,
O
n
li
n
e
IS
S
N
:
2
3
9
4
-
4
0
9
9
.
[6
]
R
.
S
i
n
g
h
a
n
d
S
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
“
Ev
a
l
u
a
ti
o
n
o
f
WI
M
AX
8
0
2
.
1
6
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
b
y
Ev
a
l
u
a
ti
n
g
th
e
Bit
-
Err
o
r
Ra
te
(BER)
o
f
OFDM
P
h
y
sic
a
l
Lay
e
r
u
n
d
e
r
Diffe
re
n
t
M
o
d
u
latio
n
S
c
h
e
m
e
s
a
n
d
Ch
a
n
n
e
l
C
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
s
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
I
n
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
Res
e
a
rc
h
i
n
El
e
c
trica
l
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
I
n
stru
m
e
n
ta
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
F
e
b
ru
a
ry
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
7
1
4
8
/IJI
REE
ICE.
2
0
1
6
.
4
2
1
2
.
[7
]
M
.
H.
M
iraz
,
S
.
A.
M
o
lv
i
,
M
.
A.
G
a
n
ie,
M
.
Ali,
a
n
d
A.
R
.
H.
Hu
ss
e
in
,
“
S
imu
lati
o
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
q
u
a
li
ty
o
f
se
rv
ice
(Qo
S
)
p
a
ra
m
e
ters
o
f
v
o
ic
e
o
v
e
r
IP
(V
o
IP
)
traffic th
r
o
u
g
h
h
e
tero
g
e
n
e
o
u
s n
e
two
r
k
s,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s(IJ
ACS
A)
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
7
.
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
4
5
6
9
/i
jac
sa
.
2
0
1
7
.
0
8
0
7
3
2
.
[8
]
A.
I.
Alg
h
a
n
n
a
m
a
n
d
A.
K
.
Al
h
a
fid
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
Un
so
li
c
it
e
d
G
ra
n
t
S
e
rv
ice
(UG
S
)
se
rv
ice
c
las
s
in
Wi
M
AX
v
o
ip
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
J
.
E
n
g
.
S
c
i.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
4
8
1
-
1
4
9
1
,
2
0
2
0
,
Ac
c
e
ss
e
d
:
No
v
.
2
1
,
2
0
2
0
.
[On
li
n
e
].
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
:/
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e
ste
c
.
t
a
y
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u
.
m
y
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l
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e
3
Ju
n
e
2
0
2
0
/
1
5
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3
_
2
.
p
d
f
[9
]
A.
A.
Ali,
S
.
Va
ss
il
a
ra
s,
a
n
d
K.
Nta
g
k
o
u
n
a
k
is,
“
A
c
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
st
u
d
y
o
f
b
a
n
d
wid
t
h
re
q
u
i
re
m
e
n
ts
o
f
Vo
IP
c
o
d
e
c
s
o
v
e
r
Wi
M
AX
a
c
c
e
ss
n
e
two
rk
s,”
in
NG
M
AS
T
2
0
0
9
-
3
r
d
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Ne
x
t
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
M
o
b
i
le
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
S
e
rv
ice
s a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
2
0
0
9
,
p
p
.
1
9
7
-
2
0
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/NG
M
AST
.
2
0
0
9
.
4
7
.
[1
0
]
L.
Nu
a
y
m
i,
"
Wi
M
AX
:
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
fo
r
Bro
a
d
b
a
n
d
Wi
re
les
s Ac
c
e
ss
,
"
J
o
h
n
W
il
e
y
&
S
o
n
s
,
p
.
3
1
0
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
1
]
I.
Ko
ffm
a
n
a
n
d
Vin
c
e
n
tzio
Ro
m
a
n
.
-
I,
“
Bro
a
d
b
a
n
d
W
irele
ss
Ac
c
e
ss
S
o
lu
ti
o
n
s
Ba
se
d
o
n
OFDM
A
c
c
e
ss
in
IEE
E
8
0
2
.
1
6
,
”
IEE
E
c
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s m
a
g
a
zi
n
e
,
v
o
l
.
4
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
9
6
-
1
0
3
.
2
0
0
2
.
[1
2
]
L.
Na
rv
a
e
z
,
J.
P
e
re
z
,
C.
Ga
rc
ia
,
a
n
d
V.
Ch
i
,
“
De
sig
n
in
g
8
0
2
.
1
1
W
LANs
fo
r
Vo
IP
a
n
d
Da
ta”
,
I
J
CS
NS
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Ne
two
rk
S
e
c
u
rity
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
2
4
8
-
2
5
6
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
3
]
Rias
M
,
Je
ffre
y
G
,
An
d
re
ws
,
a
n
d
Aru
n
a
b
h
a
G
h
o
sh
,
"
Fu
n
d
a
me
n
ta
ls
o
f
W
iM
AX
:
U
n
d
e
rs
ta
n
d
i
n
g
Br
o
a
d
b
a
n
d
W
ire
les
s
Ne
two
rk
in
g
,
"
P
e
a
rso
n
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
4
]
T.
C.
Kw
o
k
,
“
Re
sid
e
n
ti
a
l
b
r
o
a
d
b
a
n
d
i
n
tern
e
t
se
rv
ice
s
a
n
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts,”
IE
EE
C
o
mm
u
n
.
M
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
3
5
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
7
6
-
8
3
,
1
9
9
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/3
5
.
5
8
7
7
1
0
.
[1
5
]
G
.
F
.
Ah
m
a
d
J
u
b
a
ir,
M
.
I.
Ha
sa
n
,
a
n
d
O.
Ul
lah
,
“
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
Ev
a
l
u
a
ti
o
n
o
f
IE
EE
8
0
2
.
1
6
e
(
M
o
b
i
l
e
Wi
M
AX
)
in
OFDM
P
h
y
sic
a
l
Lay
e
r,
”
2
0
0
9
.
[1
6
]
M
.
Ed
wa
r
d
s,
“
IP
tele
p
h
o
n
y
re
a
d
y
to
e
x
p
lo
d
e
in
to
t
h
e
c
o
r
p
o
ra
te wo
rl
d
,
”
,
p
p
.
9
6
-
9
7
,
2
0
0
1
.
[1
7
]
P
.
P
.
F
ra
n
c
is
-
C
o
b
ley
a
n
d
A.
D.
Co
wa
rd
,
“
Vo
ice
o
v
e
r
IP
v
e
rsu
s
v
o
ice
o
v
e
r
fra
m
e
re
lay
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Ne
two
rk
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
n
o
.
4
.
p
p
.
2
23
-
2
3
0
,
J
u
l.
2
0
0
4
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
2
/n
e
m
.
5
1
8
.
[1
8
]
P
.
Ch
a
n
d
ra
se
k
h
a
r,
M
.
Ku
m
a
r,
a
n
d
M
.
Na
th
a
n
,
“
Ba
n
d
wi
d
t
h
-
e
fficie
n
t
v
o
ice
a
c
ti
v
it
y
d
e
tec
to
r,
”
IET
-
U
K
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
i
n
El
e
c
trica
l
S
c
ien
c
e
s
(ICT
ES
2
0
0
7
)
,
p
p
.
5
3
3
-
5
3
8
,
2
0
0
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
4
9
/
ic:2
0
0
7
0
6
6
9
.
[1
9
]
S
.
S
e
n
g
u
p
ta,
M
.
C
h
a
tt
e
rjee
,
a
n
d
S
.
G
a
n
g
u
l
y
,
“
Im
p
ro
v
in
g
q
u
a
li
t
y
o
f
Vo
IP
stre
a
m
s
o
v
e
r
W
iM
a
x
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Co
mp
u
t
.
,
v
o
l
.
5
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
4
5
-
1
5
6
,
2
0
0
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/T
C.
2
0
0
7
.
7
0
8
0
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
E
n
h
a
n
ce
me
n
t o
f WiMAX
n
etw
o
r
ks u
s
in
g
OP
N
E
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la
tfo
r
m
(
N
o
o
r
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a
teq
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lfa
is
a
ly
)
1519
[2
0
]
E.
Ha
lep
o
v
ic,
M
.
G
h
a
d
e
ri,
a
n
d
C.
Wi
ll
iam
so
n
,
“
M
u
lt
ime
d
ia
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
n
a
Wi
M
AX
n
e
two
rk
,
”
i
n
M
u
lt
ime
d
ia
C
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
Ne
tw
o
rk
in
g
2
0
0
9
,
2
0
0
9
,
v
o
l.
7
2
5
3
,
p
.
7
2
5
3
0
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
1
7
/1
2
.
8
1
5
5
5
7
.
[2
1
]
I.
Ad
h
ica
n
d
ra
,
“
M
e
a
su
rin
g
Da
ta
a
n
d
Vo
IP
Traffic
in
Wi
M
AX
Ne
two
rk
s,”
J
.
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
.
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
Ap
r.
2
0
1
0
,
Ac
c
e
ss
e
d
:
No
v
.
2
1
,
2
0
2
0
.
[On
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
h
t
tp
:/
/arx
iv
.
o
r
g
/ab
s/
1
0
0
4
.
4
5
8
3
[2
2
]
K.
P
e
n
ti
k
o
u
sis,
E
.
P
iri
,
J.
P
in
o
la,
F
.
F
it
z
e
k
,
T.
Niss
il
ä
,
a
n
d
I.
Ha
rj
u
la,
“
Emp
iri
c
a
l
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
V
o
IP
a
g
g
re
g
a
ti
o
n
o
v
e
r
a
fix
e
d
Wi
M
AX
tes
t
b
e
d
,
”
4
t
h
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
ICS
T
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
T
e
st
b
e
d
s a
n
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
In
fra
st
ru
c
tu
re
s fo
r th
e
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
o
f
Ne
tw
o
rk
s &
C
o
m
mu
n
it
ies
,
2
0
0
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
4
1
0
8
/t
ri
d
e
n
tco
m
.
2
0
0
8
.
3
1
4
0
.
[2
3
]
R.
P
ra
sa
d
a
n
d
F
.
J.
Ve
lez
,
W
iM
AX
Ne
two
rk
s:
T
e
c
h
n
o
-
Eco
n
o
mic
Vi
si
o
n
a
n
d
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
,
Ne
t
h
e
rl
a
n
d
s:
S
p
ri
n
g
e
r,
2
0
1
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
9
7
8
-
90
-
4
8
1
-
8
7
5
2
-
2
.
[2
4
]
S
.
A.
S
.
Lafta
,
A.
H.
Ali,
M
.
M
.
Ka
re
e
m
,
Y.
A.
Hu
ss
e
in
,
a
n
d
A.
H.
Ali,
“
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
sim
u
latio
n
o
f
b
ro
a
d
b
a
n
d
m
u
lt
ime
d
ia
wire
les
s
n
e
two
rk
s
sim
u
latio
n
b
a
se
d
o
n
O
P
NET
,
”
In
d
o
n
e
si
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
1
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1
8
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a
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d
c
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m
p
u
ter n
e
tw
o
rk
s.
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