Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
C
omputer
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
9
, No
.
3
,
Ma
rch
201
8
,
pp.
555
~
557
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
, DO
I: 10
.11
591/
ijeecs
.
v9.i
3
.
pp
555
-
557
555
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Internet
o
f Thin
gs Based
Weathe
r Fo
recas
t Moni
toring S
ystem
At
ul
Kulk
arni
1
,
Deb
ajy
oti
Mukho
padh
yay
2
1
Inform
at
ion
T
e
chnol
og
y
,
AM
ET
Univer
si
t
y
,
Ch
enna
i
,
Ind
ia
2
Depa
rtment
of
computer
sci
ence,
Mah
ara
shtr
a
I
nstit
ute of Te
chn
olog
y
,
Ch
enna
i
,
India
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
N
ov
1
, 2
01
7
Re
vised
Jan
7
, 201
8
Accepte
d
Ja
n 2
5
, 2
01
8
W
ea
the
r
fore
ca
s
ti
ng
is
a
signifi
ca
nt
func
ti
on
in
m
et
eor
olog
y
an
d
has
bee
n
one
of
the
m
ost
sy
st
ematica
l
l
y
cha
l
le
nging
trou
ble
s
aro
und
the
world.
Thi
s
sche
m
e
deals
with
the
st
ruc
tur
e
o
f
a
wea
the
r
d
ispl
a
y
m
et
hod
using
sm
al
l
cost
components
so
that
a
n
y
e
lec
tron
ic
s
hobb
y
is
t
c
an
construc
t
it.
As
a
re
place
m
ent
for
using
sensors
to
col
l
ec
t
the
we
a
the
r
da
ta,
the
de
vel
opm
ent
get
s
the
informat
ion
from
wea
ther
stat
ions
pla
c
ed
aro
und
the
worl
d
through
a
globa
l
we
at
h
er
dat
a
suppl
ie
r
.
S
eve
re
wea
th
er
p
henomena
ch
al
l
enge
diff
ic
ul
t
wea
the
r
fore
ca
st
appr
oa
ch
with
t
he
par
ti
a
l
exp
la
n
at
ion
.
W
eathe
r
e
vent
s
hav
e
num
ero
us pa
ra
m
et
ers
th
at
ar
e
not
poss
ibl
e
to
detai
l
and
compute
.
Grow
ing
on
comm
unic
at
ion
m
et
hods
ena
ble
s
wea
th
er
pr
edi
c
tsspeci
a
li
st
s
y
stems
to
combine
and
share
poss
essions
and
thus
h
y
br
id
s
y
stems
have
e
m
erg
ed.
Sti
ll,
though
th
ese
im
prove
m
ent
s
on
c
li
m
at
e
pre
di
ct,
t
hese
exp
ert
s
y
st
ems
ca
n’t
be
ent
ir
ely
r
eliable w
hil
e
we
at
h
er
fo
re
ca
st
is
ce
ntr
al
proble
m
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Hybr
i
d
syst
em
R
esource
Weathe
r
f
oreca
st
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Atul
Ku
l
karni
,
Inform
at
ion
Te
chnolo
gy, AM
ET Unive
rsity
,
Chen
nai,
India.
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Weathe
r
is
m
os
t
us
ef
ul
en
vi
ronm
ental
co
ns
trai
nts
in
ea
ch
sta
ge
of
ou
r
li
fe.
W
eat
he
r
fo
recasts
a
n
i
m
po
rtant
f
unct
ion
in
our
daily
li
ves.
An
excell
ent
w
eat
her
m
on
it
or
in
g
syst
e
m
help
in
the
rec
ov
e
re
d
dev
el
op
m
ent a
nd an
y
plan
ning that m
ay
b
e
necessa
ry in ca
se o
f diffic
ult
weathe
r
[1
]
-
[
3]
.
IO
T
has bee
n u
sed
s
om
e ind
ust
ries li
ke
healt
hcar
e
, f
a
rm
ing
, H
om
e auto
m
a
ti
on
a
nd
ha
ve
c
hange
d
th
e
range
i
nto
a
c
ontract
a
sm
art
ci
ty
and
al
s
o
use
d
to
f
or
eca
sti
ng
of w
eat
he
r.
W
eat
he
r
pr
e
dic
ti
on
is ver
y use
fu
l
t
o
var
i
ou
s
m
ark
et
s
l
ike
po
we
r
in
du
st
ries
and
f
a
rm
ing
transport
dep
artm
ent,
a
nd
th
us
weat
he
r
furcati
ng
is
par
t
of
the
ec
onom
ic
gro
wth
[
4
]
-
[
6].
Pe
rfo
rm
ance
I
nv
e
sti
gation
of
a
Cl
ose
d
Cy
cl
e
Ma
gn
et
o
-
Hyd
rody
nam
ics
Power
plant
wi
th
Liq
uid
Me
ta
l
as
Heat
S
ource
[
7].
In
te
gr
at
e
d
e
nv
i
ron
m
ental
m
anage
m
ent
for
su
s
ta
ined
dev
el
op
m
ent
[8
]
,
[9
]
Pr
ese
nts
IP
v6
neig
hbou
r
disco
ver
y
m
e
thod
inclu
ding
Io
T d
evices'
autom
a
ti
c
li
gh
tw
ei
gh
t
address
set
ti
ng
an
d
en
ha
nce
d
RPL
-
base
d
li
ghtwei
ght
r
outi
ng
prot
oco
l
i
n
the
I
oT
-
base
d
wireless
inte
r
-
dev
ic
e
com
m
un
ic
at
i
on
s
e
nv
i
ronm
ent.
Re
su
lt
s
of
a
n
inv
e
rter
with
SP
W
M
i
n
[10]
co
ntr
ol
strat
eg
y
hav
e
bette
r
volt
ag
e
con
t
ro
l,
a
nd
si
m
ula
ti
on
resu
lt
s
of
syst
em
dem
on
strat
e
that
the
PV
syst
em
has
the
fast
and
ef
fici
ent
res
pons
e
unde
r
c
hangin
g
ir
ra
diance
le
vels.
A
n
a
uton
om
ic
char
a
ct
er
ist
ic
giv
es
i
n
[
11
]
t
o
IoT
ai
m
ing
at
syst
em
featur
e
and
secu
rity
inform
ation
of
I
OT
a
nd
uncert
ai
nty,
pr
e
dicti
on
a
nd
f
uzzine
ss
of
it
s
cha
nge.
Fo
c
us
i
ng
on
sel
f
-
assessm
ent
of
the
safety
ha
zard,
the
sel
f
-
assessm
ent
alg
ori
thm
of
I
oT
secu
rity
risk
based
on
a
three
-
dim
ension
al
aver
a
ge
cl
oud
was
stu
died
ba
sed
on
the
dy
nam
ic
fu
sion
re
su
lt
of
di
ff
e
rent
secur
it
y
factor
s.
A
n
at
tem
pt
has
been
m
ade
to
m
a
ke
a
pr
act
ic
al
m
od
el
of
‘I
oT
Ba
sed
Sm
art
E
nergy
Me
te
r.
’
The
pro
pa
gated
m
od
el
is used
in
[12] to calc
ulate
the en
erg
y co
nsu
m
pt
ion
o
f
the
hous
e
hold and ev
en
m
ake th
e
powe
r
un
it
r
ea
ding to
be han
dy.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vol
.
9
,
No.
3
,
Ma
rc
h
201
8
:
555
–
557
556
2.
PROP
OSE
D MET
HO
DOL
OGY
Rem
ote
sensing
te
ch
no
l
og
y
op
e
ne
d
f
or
e
xam
ining
the
w
eat
her
f
or
eca
sti
ng
.
It
helps
t
o
cha
nge
to
gathe
r
a
nd an
al
yse
w
eat
he
r da
ta
an
d u
se to
buil
d
the
d
at
a
ba
se for
w
eat
her
forecast
in
g
(
Figure
1)
.
Figure
1.
W
eat
her F
or
ecast
in
g
Sm
artph
ones
ha
ve
colle
ct
ed
t
o
huge
of
a
ppli
cat
ion
s
to
assi
st
us
out,
the
guide
to
a
ny
ex
act
locat
ion
,
al
l
com
es
us
efu
l.
G
rowin
g
on
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
m
et
ho
ds
ena
bles
we
at
her
predict
s
s
pecial
ist
syst
em
s
to
com
bin
e
an
d
s
har
e
possessi
ons
a
nd
t
hus
hy
br
i
d
syst
em
s.
This
sc
hem
e
deals
with
the
s
tructu
re
of
a
w
eat
her
disp
la
y
m
et
ho
d
usi
n
g
sm
al
l
cost
com
ponent
s
so
that
a
ny
el
ect
ro
nics
ho
bb
yi
st
can
c
on
struct
it
,
yo
u
how
y
ou
ben
e
fit f
ro
m
o
ther
’s pr
act
ic
e:
a.
Io
T
ena
bled
w
eat
her
syst
em
s
to
colle
ct
data
from
veh
ic
le
s
on
the
ro
a
d,
ve
hicle
s
m
ov
ing
on
the
ro
a
d
will
wirelessl
y
com
m
un
ic
at
e
the
weather
data
that
is
inclusive
of
ai
r
tem
per
at
ure,
visibil
it
y
or
li
gh
t
and
o
the
r
data n
ee
de
d. T
his
data h
el
ps
t
o bu
il
d m
or
e a
ccur
at
e
forecas
t and m
on
it
or
i
ng at di
ff
e
ren
t
tim
e h
or
iz
on.
b.
Sensors
d
e
pl
oyed on r
oa
ds
, ca
r.
T
he se
nso
rs wit
h Io
T
tech
nolo
gy contri
bu
t
es to
c
ollec
t w
eat
her
data.
IO
T
te
ch
no
l
og
y
is
be
nef
ic
ia
l
to
tra
ns
po
rt,
fa
rm
ers
and
thei
r
fa
rm
ers
m
a
y
us
e
t
o
progres
s
their
cr
op
pro
du
ct
ive
ness
an
d
cost b
e
ne
f
it
s w
it
h
culti
vating
essenti
al
steps to
expan
d weat
he
r
hazar
ds. So
easy
to
escape
of w
eat
her
f
or
e
cast
w
il
l hig
he
r
ef
fici
ent a
nd low ris
k
to
n
at
ural
w
eat
her
wit
h dange
rs.
3.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
High
-
te
m
per
at
ur
e
f
or
ecast
s
a
re
use
d
by
Value
Com
pan
y
t
o
a
pproxim
at
i
on
e
xact
ov
e
r
pe
nd
i
ng
days
.
Ther
e
is
a
di
ve
rsity
of
e
nd
use
rs
t
o
weathe
r
f
oreca
sts.
W
eat
her
wa
rn
i
ngs
are
im
po
rtan
t
forecast
s
si
nc
e
they
are
us
e
d
to
ke
ep
li
fe
an
d
po
s
sessions.
We
know
the
how
i
ns
ta
ll
rem
ote
c
onditi
ons
we
re
sensing
te
ch
nolo
gy
on
ve
hicle
s.
A
ll
this
has
bee
n
th
r
ough
po
s
sible
by
a
dvan
ces
in
sat
el
li
te
te
chnol
og
y,
a
f
ull
acce
le
rati
on
i
n
world
wide
co
m
m
un
ic
at
ion
, a
nd cr
ushin
g
i
ncr
ease
s in
com
pu
ti
ng
po
wer.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Bregman
J I, Ma
cke
nthun
K M.
Env
ironmenta
l
I
mpact
Sta
te
ment
s,
Chel
sea:
MI
Lewis P
ub
li
ca
ti
on
.
2006
.
[2]
The
R
aspbe
rr
y
P
i
Foundation'
s
website c
ont
ai
ns
a
bout
th
e
Raspb
er
r
y
Pi:
h
tt
p:
//
ww
w.ra
spberr
y
pi
.
or
g.
[3]
Casas
D M,
e
t al
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Data
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ini
ng
fo
r Short
Term
Rainfall
Forec
ast
in
g,
Not
es
in
Com
pute
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it
te
n
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,
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k
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Mac
h
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arning
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W
ea
the
r
fore
ca
st
ing:
W
iki
p
edi
a
,
t
he
ht
tp:
/
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n.
w
ikipedia.org/
wiki
/
W
ea
the
r_for
ec
as
ti
ng.
[6]
Maxim Int
egr
at
e
d
Products.
MA
X220
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MA
X249
+5V
-
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ere
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an
d
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cha
nne
l RS
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m
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han
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aj
av
el
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V
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form
anc
e
Inve
st
i
gat
ion
of
a
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losed
C
y
cle
Magn
e
to
-
H
y
drod
y
namics
Pow
erp
la
nt
wi
th
Li
qu
id
Met
a
l
as
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at
Sour
ce
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Jour
nal
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S
cienc
e
and
Technol
og
y
.
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Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
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4752
In
te
r
net O
f
Th
i
ng
s
B
as
e
d
We
at
her
F
or
ec
as
t
Mo
nitorin
g Sys
te
m
(
Atul K
ulk
ar
ni
)
557
[8]
Raj
ar
aman
J,
Thi
ruve
nka
ta
sam
y
K.
Inte
gra
t
ed
en
vironmenta
l
m
an
age
m
ent
for
sus
ta
ine
d
dev
el
opm
e
nt
.
In
te
rnationa
l
Journal
of
GEOMATE
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20
13
;
5(
2
-
10);
735
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743
.
[9]
Ha
y
oung
Oh
an
d
Sangsoon
Lim
.
Li
ght
-
we
ight
Routi
ng
Protoc
ol
in
Io
T
-
base
d
Inte
r
-
Dev
ic
e
T
el
e
comm
unic
at
i
on
W
ire
le
ss
Envi
ro
nm
ent
.
Int
ernational
Journal
o
f
El
e
ct
ri
cal
and
Computer
Eng
ine
ering
(
IJ
EC
E
)
,
Vol
6,
No
5,
Octobe
r
2016
,
p
p.
2352
-
2361
.
[10]
Gane
sh
Dharm
ire
dd
y
,
Moorth
i
S
and
Sudhe
er
Ha
num
ant
haka
ri
,
A
.
Volt
age
Con
tro
ll
er
in
Photo
-
Vo
lt
aic
S
y
s
te
m
with
Batter
y
St
ora
ge
for
Stand
-
Alone
Appli
ca
t
ions
,
Int
ernati
o
nal
Journal
o
f
Powe
r
Elec
troni
cs
and
Dr
iv
e
Syste
ms
(
IJ
PE
D
S)
,
Vol.
2
,
No.
1,
Marc
h
2012,
pp
.
9
-
18
.
[11]
Ruij
uan
Zh
eng,
Mingchua
n
Zh
a
ng,
Qingta
o
W
u
,
Chunlei
Yang,
W
ang
y
ang
W
ei,
Dan
Zha
ng
an
d
Zhe
ngch
ao
Ma,
An
IoT
Sec
urity
Risk
Auton
om
ic
As
sessment
Algorit
hm
,
Ind
onesian
Journal
of
Elec
tric
al
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