Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of
El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
13
,
No.
3
,
Ma
rch
201
9
, p
p.
1
007
~
1
013
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijeecs
.
v
13
.i
3
.pp
1
007
-
1
013
1007
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
R
ectifi
er for RF
e
nergy
h
arvestin
g usin
g
s
tu
b
m
atc
hi
ng
I.
A
dam
1
,
M.
N.
M. Y
as
in
2
,
M.
E. A.
Az
i
z
3
an
d
Sulaim
an
M. I.
4
1
Bi
oelect
ro
m
a
gn
et
ic
s Resea
r
ch Gr
oup (Bi
oE
M)
,
Ma
lay
sia
2
School
of
Com
pute
r and
Com
m
unic
a
ti
on
Engi
ne
eri
ng,
Univer
si
ti
Malay
s
ia
,
Ma
lays
ia
3
School
of
Mi
cr
oel
e
ct
roni
c Engi
nee
ring
,
Univ
ersit
i
M
al
a
y
si
a
,
Ma
lay
s
ia
4
Univer
siti
Kual
a
Lumpur
&
Bri
t
ish Ma
lay
si
a
Ins
ti
tute
,
Mal
a
y
s
ia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Oct
1,
2018
Re
vised
Dec
10, 2
018
Accepte
d Dec
25, 201
8
One
of
ch
al
l
en
ge
in
r
ecte
nn
a
design
is
th
e
i
m
peda
nce
m
atc
hing
of
th
e
ant
enn
a
to
the
rec
t
ifi
er
loa
d
.
R
ec
t
ifi
er
exhi
b
it
s
complex
impe
danc
e
while
ant
enn
as
are
nor
m
al
l
y
designe
d
t
o
m
at
ch
e
it
he
r
5
0
Ω
or
75
Ω
lo
a
ds.
For
the
opti
m
um
power
tra
nsfer
be
twe
en
an
te
nn
a
and
the
re
ct
if
ie
r
circui
t
,
bot
h
impedanc
es
should
be
m
at
che
d.
Thi
s
pape
r
pre
sents
the
design
and
deve
lopment
of
the
7
-
stage
s
Di
ckson
m
ult
ipl
ie
r
in
ene
rg
y
har
v
esti
ng.
T
h
e
obje
c
ti
ve
of
th
i
s
pape
r
is
to
ana
l
y
z
e
th
e
per
form
anc
e
of
th
e
designe
d
m
ult
ipl
ie
r
toge
t
her
with
m
at
ching
ci
rcu
i
t.
An
i
m
prove
m
ent
of
60%
output
volt
ag
e
is
achie
ved
b
y
fe
edi
ng
-
30dBm
of
low
in
put
powe
r
at
the m
ult
ipl
i
er ci
rcu
it
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Dicks
on Mult
ipli
er
Energy
Harves
ti
ng
Stub Ma
tc
hing
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
I.
Adam
,
School
of Com
pu
te
r
a
nd Com
m
un
ic
at
ion
En
gin
ee
rin
g
,
Un
i
ver
sit
i M
al
ay
sia
Per
li
s
, M
al
ay
sia
.
02600 A
ra
u,
P
erli
s
.
Em
a
il
:
is
m
ahayat
i@un
im
ap.
edu.m
y
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Energy
ha
r
vest
ing
has
been
to
pic
of
interest
by
m
any
research
e
rs’
ye
a
rs
be
fore
as
world
are
lo
ok
i
ng
for
ren
e
wa
ble en
er
gy to
rep
la
ce cur
re
nt en
er
gy so
urce [
1]
-
[
10
]
. Radi
o
fr
e
quency (RF
)
be
ca
m
e a
m
or
e p
opula
r
so
urce
in
ha
rv
e
sti
ng
e
nergy
f
or
it
s
avail
abili
ty
and
easy
sca
veng
in
g
syst
e
m
com
par
ed
to
oth
e
rs
s
ource su
c
h
as
wind,
s
olar,
vi
br
at
io
n,
piezoe
le
ct
ric
and
t
he
rm
al
.
All
this
so
urce
a
re
fa
r
beyo
nd
our
c
on
t
ro
l,
for
e
xa
m
ple
therm
al
n
eeds
heat, s
olar re
quires li
gh
t
prese
nt and
vibrat
io
n need
s m
otion [
7].
RF
energy
ca
n
be
harves
te
d
ei
ther
f
ro
m
am
bient
or
f
rom
ded
ic
at
ed
s
ource.
A
dev
ic
e
desig
ne
d
t
o
colle
ct
the
el
ect
ro
m
agn
et
ic
en
erg
y
in
the
fr
e
e
sp
ace
an
d
tra
ns
f
or
m
into
dir
ect
cur
re
nt
(
D
C)
is
cal
le
d
rectenn
a.
Fig
ure
1
sho
ws
gen
e
ral
bl
ock
of
recte
nna
w
he
re
it
is
basical
ly
a
com
bin
at
ion
of
recti
fier
an
d
anten
na.
Ma
tc
hin
g ci
rc
ui
t i
s ap
plied
bet
ween t
he
a
nte
nna a
nd the
recti
fier circ
uit.
Figure
1.
Ge
ne
ral b
l
ock d
ia
gra
m
o
f
Re
ct
e
nna
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vol
.
13
, N
o.
3
,
Ma
rc
h
201
9
:
1
0
0
7
–
1
0
1
3
1008
In
high
fr
e
que
ncy
analy
sis,
i
m
ped
ance
m
atch
in
g
is
on
e
of
im
po
rtant
as
pect.
T
he
im
ped
ance
s
of
anten
na
a
nd
re
ct
ifie
r
ci
rcu
it
s
are
ne
ed
t
o
be
m
at
ched
,
in
w
hich
it
ca
n
a
void
of
the
tra
nsm
itted
wa
ve
re
flect
ed
back
a
nd
for
a
m
axi
m
u
m
po
wer
tra
ns
fe
r.
A
good
m
at
ching
net
w
ork
w
il
l
allow
a
m
axim
u
m
po
wer
trans
fer
betwee
n
the
a
nt
enn
a a
nd th
e r
ect
ifie
r
ci
rcu
it
.
The
num
b
er
of
R
F
tra
ns
m
it
te
rs
will
co
ntinu
e
to
gro
wth
al
ong
wi
th
the
num
ber
of
m
ob
il
e
su
bsc
ri
ption
s
.
Hen
ce
,
there
are
gr
eat
pote
ntial
in
har
ves
ti
ng
the
energ
y
fr
om
Glob
al
Syst
e
m
fo
r
Mob
il
e
Com
m
un
ic
at
io
n
(
GS
M
)
f
re
quency
ba
nd.
Ma
ny
ap
proac
hes
hav
e
bee
n
pro
posed
pre
v
io
us
ly
su
c
h
a
s
ad
ding
par
asi
ti
c
el
em
e
nts
[
8],
L
or
T
-
m
at
ching
[9
]
and
[10]
an
d
stub
m
at
ching
te
chn
iq
ues
[11
]
–
[15].
RF
-
to
-
DC
eff
ic
ie
ncy o
f
45%
at
868
MH
z
with
a
n
opti
m
u
m
load
of
2.
5
kΩ
is pr
ese
nt
ed
in
[
9]
after
L
m
at
ching
is app
li
ed
to
the
recti
fier
ci
r
cuit.
A
uthor
s
in
[11]
su
cce
ssfu
ll
y
inv
e
nte
d
an
e
ff
ic
ie
nt
of
si
ng
le
sta
ge
RF
energy
harveste
r
m
od
ule
at
900
MHz
wit
h
ex
hib
it
s
a
direct
curre
nt
(
DC)
recti
fied
vo
lt
a
ge
of
1.2
5
V
at
0.5
m
wh
er
e
they
i
m
ple
m
ented
a
capaci
tor
with
stub
m
at
ching
in
the
m
a
tc
hin
g
ci
rc
uit.
Diff
e
ren
t
m
a
tc
hin
g
ci
rc
uits
wer
e
analy
zed
i
n
[
12]
with
a
4
-
sta
ge
Vill
ard
recti
fier.
I
n
their
w
ork,
t
he
s
horte
d
stu
b
m
at
chin
g
perform
ed
be
tt
er
for
low p
ow
e
r
i
nput in
t
he ran
ge fr
om
-
30 d
Bm
to
-
5 dBm
.
A
m
ulti
sta
ge
recti
fier,
ot
herwise
kn
own
a
s
volt
age
m
ultip
li
er
has
been
fo
c
us
i
n
this
w
ork
to
get
her
with
a
stu
b
m
a
tc
hin
g
net
wor
k.
T
he
f
re
qu
e
nc
y
of
interest
i
n
the
desig
ne
d
c
ircuit
is
G
SM
band
a
s
the
rec
ei
ved
sign
al
stren
gth
is
hig
her
com
par
e
d
to
oth
e
r
a
m
bient
RF
s
ign
al
.
D
ue
to
nonlinea
r
beha
vior
of
the
di
o
de
in
recti
fier
ci
rc
uit,
a
pro
per
m
at
chin
g
bet
wee
n
recti
fier
an
d
anten
na
is
nee
ded.
A
n
inc
re
m
ent
in
the
re
ct
ifie
d
ou
t
pu
t
volt
age
is dem
on
strat
e
d
a
fter th
e
m
atch
in
g
ci
rc
uit i
s
appli
ed bef
ore
the
desig
ne
d m
ul
ti
plier circuit
.
2.
DESIG
N
I
n
this
sect
ion,
recti
fier a
nd m
at
ching circ
uit wil
l be
discuss
ed
in
div
i
dual
ly
.
2
.
1.
Rect
ifie
r
D
esi
gn
The
recti
fier
de
scribes
is
this
pap
e
r
is
base
d
on
7
-
sta
ge
D
ic
ks
on
m
ulti
pli
er
with
Sc
ho
tt
ky
diode
as
sta
te
d
in
Fi
g
ure
2.
Ea
ch
sta
ge
is
consi
sti
ng
of
t
wo
di
od
es
and
tw
o
capa
ci
tors.
T
he
RF
input
po
wer
i
n
R
F
energy
harvest
ing
syst
e
m
is
ty
pical
ly
s
m
all,
thus
the
DC
ha
rv
est
e
d
from
a
sin
gle
sta
ge
r
ect
ifie
r
is
not
e
nough.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
t
o
obta
in
a
hi
gh
e
r
DC
volt
age
th
e
ci
rcu
it
is
casca
ded
i
nto
m
ulti
ple
sta
ge.
Th
e
casca
de
d
ci
r
cuit
is
cal
le
d
Dicks
on
m
ulti
plier.
In
2003,
Kar
t
haus
and
Fische
r
[
6]
had
m
od
ifie
d
the
or
i
gin
al
Dicks
on
to
po
l
og
y
by
el
i
m
inati
ng
t
he
n
ee
d of cl
oc
k pu
lse
s
and
re
duci
ng the
num
ber o
f
c
ouplin
g an
d
stray
ca
pa
ci
tors.
The
recti
fier
de
scribes
is
this
pap
e
r
is
base
d
on
7
-
sta
ge
D
ic
ks
on
m
ulti
pli
er
with
Sc
ho
tt
ky
diode
as
sta
te
d
in
Fi
gur
e
2.
Ea
ch
sta
ge
is
consi
sti
ng
of
t
wo
di
od
es
and
tw
o
capa
ci
tors.
T
he
RF
input
po
wer
i
n
R
F
energy
harvest
ing
syst
e
m
is
ty
pical
ly
s
m
all,
thus
t
he
DC
ha
rv
est
e
d
from
a
sin
gle
sta
ge
r
ect
ifie
r
is
not
e
nough.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
t
o
obta
in
a
hi
gh
e
r
DC
volt
age
th
e
ci
rcu
it
is
casca
ded
i
nto
m
ulti
ple
sta
ge.
Th
e
casca
de
d
ci
r
cuit
is
cal
le
d
Dicks
on
m
ulti
plier.
In
2003,
Kar
t
haus
and
Fische
r
[
6]
had
m
od
ifie
d
the
or
i
gin
a
l
Dicks
on
to
po
l
og
y
by
el
i
m
inati
ng
t
he
n
ee
d of cl
oc
k pu
lse
s
and
re
duci
ng the
num
ber o
f
c
ouplin
g an
d
stray
ca
pa
ci
tors.
Figure
2. Dic
kson n
-
sta
ge
Re
ct
ifie
r
Co
nf
i
gurati
on [6]
The
re
ct
ify
el
e
m
ents
in
the
ci
rcu
it
m
ai
nl
y
determ
ines
t
he
RF
to
DC
conve
rsio
n
ef
fici
ency
an
d
Schott
ky
diod
es
app
ea
red
to
be
a
good
ca
nd
i
date
as
they
been
widely
us
ed
[
3]
-
[
7].
Du
e
to
high
operati
ng
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
a
nd
low
in
put
po
wer,
diodes
ha
ve
a
ve
ry
fa
s
t
switc
hing
ti
m
e
and
the
l
owest
po
s
sible
tur
n
on
vo
lt
age
[
4].
Sc
ho
tt
ky
diodes
offe
r
gr
eat
a
dvantages
i
n
te
r
m
s
of
sp
ee
d
be
cause
it
does
no
t
r
el
y
on
hole
s
or
el
ect
ro
ns
rec
om
bin
ing
w
hen
they
enter
the
opposit
e
ty
pe
of
reg
i
on
as
in
the
case
of
a
c
onve
ntion
al
dio
de
.
A
s
a
resu
lt
,
HS
M
S2850
Sc
ho
tt
ky
dio
des
are
se
le
ct
ed
based
on
the
low
tu
r
n
on
vo
lt
age
.
Th
e
dio
de
it
sel
f
ha
s
be
e
n
desig
ne
d
and
op
ti
m
iz
ed
fo
r
us
e
in
s
m
al
l
sign
al
(for
input
powe
r
le
ss
than
-
20
dB
m
)
a
pp
li
cat
ion
s
at
fr
e
qu
e
ncies
be
low
1.5
GH
z
[16].
47
pF
ca
pacit
or
is
us
e
d
in
each
sta
ge
capaci
tor
an
d
the
load
is
100
nF
par
al
le
l wit
h 1
00 k
Ω.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Rect
if
ie
r for
R
F
e
ner
gy
h
ar
ve
sti
ng
us
in
g
s
tu
b
m
atc
hing
(
I.
Ad
am
)
1009
The
ci
rc
uit
has
bee
n
sim
ulated
based
on
a
l
ow
cost
FR
-
4
bo
a
r
d
(
with
di
el
ect
ric
con
sta
nt,
є
r
=
4.6
,
and
s
ubstrat
e
thick
ness,
t
=
1.
6
m
m
).
The
ci
rcu
it
dim
ension
is
73
m
m
x
60
m
m
.
All
the
de
sign
a
nd
res
ult
are
si
m
ulate
d
by
usi
ng Advance
d Desi
gn Syste
m
(
AD
S
)
soft
war
e
.
2
.
2.
Matchin
g Circ
uit
Im
ped
ance
m
at
ching
is
one
of
the
im
po
rtant
aspects
of
hi
gh
f
reque
ncy
ci
rcu
it
analy
sis.
The
desi
gn
ci
rcu
it
has
to
be
im
ped
ance
m
at
ched
f
or
a
m
axi
m
u
m
po
w
er
tra
ns
fe
r
bet
ween
the
recei
ving
a
nten
na
a
nd
th
e
recti
fier circ
uit.
Sin
gle st
ub m
at
ching w
il
l
be
d
isc
us
se
d
f
urt
her in t
his p
a
pe
r.
A
sin
gle
stub
m
at
ching
te
chn
i
qu
e
is
s
uitable
for
m
at
c
hing
any
com
plex
loa
d
to
char
act
e
risti
c
i
m
ped
ance
.
U
nlike
a
qu
a
rter
wav
el
e
ng
t
h
transfor
m
er,
the
stub
m
a
tc
hin
g
is
desi
gn
e
d
by
us
i
ng
50Ω
trans
m
issi
on
li
ne
f
or
bo
t
h
m
a
in
li
ne
a
nd
stu
b.
Stu
bs
a
re
s
horte
d
or
open
ci
rcu
it
le
ngths
of
t
ran
sm
issi
on
li
ne
intende
d
to
produce
a
pure
r
eact
ance
at
the
at
ta
ch
m
ent
point,
for
the
li
ne
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
of
interest
.
Fig
ure
3
(
a
)
and
(
b)
desc
rib
e
par
al
le
l
an
d
s
eries
sin
gle
stu
b
m
at
ching
network.
Pa
rall
el
stub
m
at
ching
is
pr
e
fer
a
ble
si
nce
it
easi
er
an
d
feas
ible
for
m
ic
ro
strip
boar
d
ap
pl
ic
at
ion
.
T
he
stub
m
at
ching
c
an
be
ei
the
r
s
horted
or
op
e
n
stub
dep
e
nds
on
t
he
const
raint
of
the
desi
gn.
G
ener
al
ly
,
one
will
choose
ba
sed
on
w
hich
topolo
gy
gi
ve
s
the
sh
ort
est
leng
t
h, in the r
an
ge
of
less than
half a
la
m
bd
a (λ)
. F
or
a w
i
der
bandw
i
dth
, s
t
ub
s a
re s
uppose
d
to
be
as
sh
ort
as
possi
bl
e.
In
Fig
ur
e
3,
Z
L
is
the
l
oad
im
ped
a
nce,
Z
o
is
the
ch
aracte
ris
ti
c
i
m
ped
ance
wh
ic
h
in
this
c
ase
it
is
50
oh
m
anten
na
i
m
ped
ance,
l
is
the
stu
b
le
ngt
h
an
d
d
is
the
le
ng
t
h
f
r
om
stub
to
the
loa
d.
W
it
h
stub
ad
de
d
in
the
transm
issi
on
li
ne
bet
ween
Z
o
and
Z
L
at
a
certai
n
le
ngth,
t
he
i
m
ped
ance
s
een
bey
ond
th
e
stub
is
e
qu
al
to
the
char
act
e
risti
c
im
ped
ance.
For
a
par
al
le
l
stu
b
m
at
ching
,
it
is
co
nv
e
nient
to
e
xpress
the
im
ped
ance
-
m
atch
in
g
process
us
i
ng
adm
i
tt
ances
ra
ther
tha
n
im
ped
ance
s.
In
it
ia
ll
y,
the
loa
d
im
ped
a
nce
is
c
on
ve
rte
d
to
norm
al
iz
e
adm
i
tt
ance.
(a)
(b)
Figure
3. Sin
gl
e Stu
b
Ma
tc
hi
ng C
onfig
ur
at
io
n (a) pa
rall
el
an
d (
b) siries
′
=
⁄
(1)
′
=
1
′
⁄
(2)
=
+
(
)
(3)
=
(4)
(
)
=
+
(
)
(5)
A
stu
b
shou
l
d
be
place
d
at
a
locat
ion
w
he
re
the
li
ne
adm
ittance
has
a
rea
l
par
t
that
equal
to
Y
o
.
As
sh
ow
in
e
quat
ion
(4),
st
ub
a
dm
ittance
is
an
i
m
aginar
y,
ei
th
er
capaci
ta
nce
or
in
duct
ance
.
To
obta
in
m
atch
e
d
conditi
on,
s
us
c
eptsance
(
B
)
of
stu
b
an
d
ds
t
ub
sho
uld
be
eq
ual
in
val
ue
w
it
h
opposit
e
po
la
rity
.
As
sho
wn
i
n
Fig
ure
4,
the
input
im
ped
anc
e
at
91
5
MH
z
is
equ
al
to
12
-
j
39.
8
Ω,
whic
h
is
com
plex
neg
at
ive
reacta
nce
i
m
ped
ance
.
S
m
it
h
Chart
is
us
e
d
to
fi
nd
t
he
stu
b
le
ngth
(
d
)
an
d
th
e
li
ne
le
ngth
fro
m
load
im
ped
ance
(
l
).
Applyi
ng
bo
t
h
fo
rm
ula
(1)
and
(2),
the
nor
m
al
iz
ed
ad
m
itt
ance
is
cal
culat
ed
as
0.347
+
j
1.1
5
Ω.
The
n,
th
e
value
Y
’L
is
pl
otted
on
the
s
m
it
h
char
t.
Us
ing
sm
it
h
char
t
too
ls
pro
vid
e
d
in
A
DS
s
of
t
war
e
,
value
of
stub
le
ng
th
and
stu
b l
ocati
on ca
n
be
calc
ulate
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vol
.
13
, N
o.
3
,
Ma
rc
h
201
9
:
1
0
0
7
–
1
0
1
3
1010
Figure
4. Im
ped
ance
of t
he
m
ulti
plier sim
ula
te
d
at
91
5
M
H
z
As
can
be
see
n
in
Fig
ure
5,
the
le
ng
th
of
op
e
n
is
gr
eat
er
than
half
a
λ
com
par
ed
to
s
horted
stu
b.
Fig
ure
6
sho
w
s
the
pro
pose
d
stub
m
at
ching
ci
rcu
it
in
A
D
S
en
vir
on
m
ent.
From
the
calcu
la
ti
on
,
stu
b
locat
ion
occurs at
9.1
3 m
m
an
d
the
stu
b
le
ngth
of
ope
n
a
nd s
horted
a
re fo
und
a
s
55.
97 m
m
an
d
11.
79 m
m
r
especti
vely
(a)
(b)
Figure
5. Sm
ith
C
har
t
(ad
m
it
t
ance
plo
t)
p
l
otted to
f
i
nd stu
b l
eng
th
(
a
) op
e
n pa
rall
el
stub a
nd (b) sh
ort
ed
par
al
le
l st
ub
(a)
(b)
Figure
6. Pro
pose
d
m
at
ching
netw
ork (a)
op
en parall
el
stu
b, an
d (
b)
shorte
d parall
el
stu
b
The
width
is
cal
culat
ed
at
transm
issi
on
li
ne
cha
racteri
st
ic
i
m
ped
ance,
wh
ic
h
is
50
Ω
.
Re
flect
ion
coeffic
ie
nt
of
bo
t
h
stu
b
m
atch
in
g
is
show
ed
in
Fig
ure
7.
Shor
te
d
stu
b
m
at
ching
give
a
deep
e
r
an
d
wide
r
band
with,
w
hi
ch
is
-
22.
78
dB
with
a
band
witdh
of
246
MHz.
Wh
il
e,
le
ss
band
witdh
is
ob
ta
ine
d
in
op
e
n
s
tu
b
si
m
ulati
on
, 83
MHz wit
h
-
20.
45 d
B
d
ee
p.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
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m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Rect
if
ie
r for
R
F
e
ner
gy
h
ar
ve
sti
ng
us
in
g
s
tu
b
m
atc
hing
(
I.
Ad
am
)
1011
Figure
7. Re
fle
ct
ion
C
oeffici
ent of t
he pr
opose
d
st
ub m
at
ch
ing
3.
SIMULATE
D
RES
ULTS
A
ND AN
ALYSIS
Re
su
lt
s
are
sim
ula
te
d
by
us
ing
Adva
nced
Desig
n
Syst
em
2013
(
A
DS).
The
ci
rcu
it
di
m
ension
with
stub
m
at
ching
are
106 x 103
m
m
an
d
10
6 x 60 m
m
f
or
the
op
e
n
a
nd s
hort
ed
st
ub. T
he re
ct
ifie
d
outp
ut
volt
age
is
si
m
ulate
d
acro
ss
10
0
nF
pa
rall
el
with
100
kΩ
loa
ds
.
Re
su
lt
s
are
at
ta
in
ed
f
or
both
op
en
an
d
s
horte
d
stub
at
ta
ched
t
o
th
e
m
ult
ipli
er
ci
rcu
it
,
w
her
e
both
ci
rcu
it
re
s
on
at
e
at
915
MHz
with
-
26
dB
retu
rn
l
oss.
A
band
width o
f 7
MHz a
nd
8
M
Hz were
obtai
ne
d for
op
e
n
a
nd s
horted
stu
b resp
ect
ively
,
a
s sho
wn in Fi
g
ure
8
.
Figure
8. Re
fle
ct
ion
C
oeffici
ent of t
he
m
ultip
li
er
with the
m
at
ching
netw
ork
The
recti
fied
outp
ut
vo
lt
a
ge
of
the
ci
rcu
it
is
then
m
easur
e
d
to
ve
rify
the
ci
rcu
it
per
f
orm
ance
without
and
with
m
at
c
hing
ci
rcu
it
.
A
t
the
resonan
t
fr
e
qu
e
ncy,
the
resu
lt
showe
d
that
there
are
i
m
pr
ovem
ents
in
the
recti
fied
ou
t
put
fo
r
lo
w
in
pu
t powe
r
ra
ng
i
ng f
r
om
-
30
d
Bm
to
0
dBm
after
the
m
at
ching
ne
twork
is
a
ppli
ed
in
fron
t
of
the
ci
rcu
it
.
A
m
axi
m
um
increase
of
60%
was
ach
ie
ved
in
recti
fied
ou
t
put
volt
age
durin
g
-
30
dBm
input
po
wer
f
or
m
ulti
plier
with
m
at
ching
ci
r
cuit.
1.4
9
V
a
nd
1.50
V
are
a
chieve
d
at
-
10
dBm
inp
ut
power
f
or
ci
rc
uit
with
op
en
an
d
shorte
d
stub
m
a
tc
hin
g,
wh
il
e
1.0
5
V
fo
r
ci
rc
uit
without
m
a
tc
hin
g.
The
detai
ls
resu
lt
is
il
lustrate
d
in
T
able 1.
Table
1.
Sim
ul
at
ed
res
ults
with
op
e
n
a
nd s
ho
rted
st
ub m
at
c
hing
netw
ork f
or the
pro
pose
d
m
ulti
plier
Pin
(
d
B
m
)
W
ith
o
u
t Stub
Op
en
Stub
Sh
o
rted Stu
b
Io
(
m
A)
Vo
(
V
)
Io
(
m
A)
Vo
(
V
)
Io
(
m
A)
Vo
(
V
)
-
30
0
.04
0
.02
0
.06
0
.05
0
.06
0
.05
-
25
0
.07
0
.06
0
.13
0
.13
0
.14
0
.31
-
20
0
.15
0
.15
0
.26
0
.33
0
.27
0
.33
-
15
0
.31
0
.41
0
.49
0
.73
0
.50
0
.74
-
10
0
.66
1
.05
0
.88
1
.49
0
.86
1
.50
-
5
1
.40
2
.53
1
.54
2
.80
1
.55
2
.81
0
3
.17
5
.97
2
.66
4
.97
2
.67
4
.97
5
5
.32
1
0
.46
4
.42
8
.23
4
.43
8
.24
10
6
.72
1
5
.63
6
.09
1
4
.28
6
.12
1
4
.30
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vol
.
13
, N
o.
3
,
Ma
rc
h
201
9
:
1
0
0
7
–
1
0
1
3
1012
Fig
ure
9
s
how
s
the
outp
ut
powe
r
ve
rs
us
in
pu
t
power
of
t
he
recti
fier
c
ricuit
.
The
m
ult
ipli
er
wit
h
m
at
hcing
ci
rc
ui
t
are
able
to
increase
t
he
ou
tpu
t
volt
age
at
low
in
put
po
wer.
Mult
ipli
er
with
s
horted
stub
m
at
ching
ci
rc
ui
t
exh
ibit
s
gr
ea
te
r
outp
ut
po
w
er
f
or
-
30
dBm
to
-
20
dBm
inp
ut
powe
r.
Wh
ereas,
for
the
r
est
of
the
te
ste
d
inpu
t
power
,
a
good
a
gr
eem
ent
has
bee
n
ac
hieved
i
n
the
out
pu
t
power
for
bo
t
h
ope
n
stu
b
an
d
sh
ort
ed
stu
b
ci
rcu
it
.
Data
in
Table
1
s
howe
d
the
m
a
xi
m
u
m
ou
tpu
t
c
urre
nt
an
d
recti
fied
outp
ut
volt
age
at
9
15
MHz
f
or
m
ulti
plier
with
ou
t
stub
,
with
open
a
nd
sho
rted
stu
b
m
at
ching
ci
rc
uit.
From
the
resu
lt
s,
both
m
at
ching
netw
ork
a
re success
fu
ll
y i
ncr
e
ased
the
ou
t
pu
t
volt
age
of the
recti
fier at lo
w
i
nput
p
owe
r.
As
a
s
umm
ary,
both
of
t
he
m
at
ching
ci
rc
ui
ts
hav
e
s
u
cce
ssfu
ll
y
increa
s
e
the
outp
ut
volt
age
of
the
m
ul
ti
plier
when
low
in
put
power
is
ap
plied
to
the
ci
rcu
it
.
Shor
te
d
stub
m
at
chi
ng
is
le
ss
pron
e
t
o
el
ect
ro
m
agn
et
ic
ra
diati
on
le
akag
e
as
i
n
t
his w
ork
it
pr
ov
i
de
s
3
% h
ig
he
r
ou
t
pu
t
with
le
s
s
boar
d
siz
e
c
om
par
ed
to
op
e
n
stu
b.
How
e
ve
r,
open
s
tub
m
ay
becom
e
m
or
e p
racti
cal
o
n
m
ic
ro
str
ip w
he
re it do
e
s n
ot u
se sho
rt v
ia
as
a gro
und t
erm
i
nal.
Figure
9. Re
ct
ifie
d O
utput P
ower
of the
m
ult
ipli
er circ
uit sim
ula
te
d
at
91
5 M
Hz
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
A
m
at
ching
usi
ng
stu
b
el
e
m
ent
has
bee
n
discuss
e
d
i
n
orde
r
to
e
nh
ance
the
ef
fici
ency
of
the
m
ul
ti
plier
ci
rcu
it
at
low
po
w
er
le
vel.
Sim
ul
at
ion
resu
lt
s
from
bo
th
ci
rcu
i
ts
have
be
en
presente
d
to
ve
r
ify
the
m
at
ching
ci
rc
ui
ts
are
able
to
increase
m
ulti
plier
eff
ic
ie
ncy.
A
m
ulti
plier
with
sh
ort
ed
ci
r
c
uit
stub
giv
es
bette
r
resu
lt
s c
om
par
ed
to
ope
n
ci
rc
uit stu
b wit
h
s
m
al
le
r
ph
ysi
c
al
d
im
ension
.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
Au
t
hors w
ou
l
d l
ike to t
ha
nk you to
U
niv
e
rsiti
Mal
ay
sia
Per
li
s f
or
fina
ncial
su
pp
or
ts.
REFERE
NCE
S
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Int
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eff
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rec
tifier
d
esign
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RF
ene
rg
y
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0,
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ult
ipli
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ully
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gra
te
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passive
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F
R
FID
tra
n
sponder
IC
with
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7
-
/spl
m
u/W
m
ini
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um
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"
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az
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"A
RF
to
DC
vo
lt
ag
e
conve
rsion
m
odel
for
m
ult
i
-
stage
re
ct
if
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rs
i
n
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F RFID
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IE
EE
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
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N:
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Rect
if
ie
r for
R
F
e
ner
gy
h
ar
ve
sti
ng
us
in
g
s
tu
b
m
atc
hing
(
I.
Ad
am
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1013
[9]
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gui
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rt
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l.
"A
high
-
eff
ici
ency
m
at
chi
ng
t
ec
hniqu
e
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low
power
le
vel
s
in
RF
har
vesti
ng.
"
PIE
RS
2013
Sto
ck
holm
-
Progres
s
in
E
le
c
tromagnetics
Re
sear
ch
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ed
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ct
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agnet
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c
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ademy
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Adam
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Male
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d
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m
,
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A.
"RF
Ene
rg
y
H
a
rve
sting
W
it
h
E
ffic
i
ent
Mat
chi
n
g
Te
chn
ique
For
Low
Pow
er
L
ev
el
Appl
ic
a
ti
on
.
"
ARPN
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ine
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Ta
ris,
Thierr
y
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ri
e
Vigner
a
s,
and
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ivi
ne
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.
"A
900M
Hz
RF
ene
rg
y
h
arv
esti
ng
m
odul
e.
"
New
C
ircui
t
s
and
Syste
ms
Co
nfe
renc
e
(
NEWC
AS)
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EE
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Int
ernati
on
al.
I
EEE
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[12]
Adam
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Ism
ahay
at
i
,
Mohd
Najib
Mohd
Yasin,
and
Moham
ma
d
Shahra
ze
l
R
az
a
ll
i
.
"Com
par
ison
of
recti
fi
e
r
per
form
anc
e
usi
ng
diffe
ren
t
m
atching
te
chn
ique
.
"
Elec
troni
c
De
sign
(
ICED
)
,
20
16
3rd
Inte
rnational
Confe
renc
e
on.
IE
EE
,
2016
.
[13]
Ta
khedmit
,
H,
e
t
al
,
"D
esign
an
d
expe
riments
o
f
a
2.
4
-
GH
z
vol
ta
ge
m
ult
ip
lier
f
or
RF
ene
rg
y
h
a
rve
sting.
"
Proc
.
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r ME
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48
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i
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ue
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"
Expe
riment
al
ch
ara
c
te
ri
zation
of
wea
rab
le
ant
en
nas
and
c
irc
u
it
s
for
RF
ene
r
g
y
har
vesti
ng
in
W
BAN
s."
Ve
hic
u
l
ar Tec
hnology C
onfe
renc
e
(
VTC
Spring)
,
2014
IE
EE
79
th. IE
E
E
,
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[15]
Jabba
r,
Ham
id,
Young
S.
Song,
and
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y
eong
Te
d
Jeong.
"R
F
ene
rg
y
har
v
esti
n
g
s
y
stem
and
c
ir
cui
ts
for
ch
arg
in
g
of
m
obil
e
d
evice
s."
IEEE
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ansacti
ons on
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e
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roni
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[16]
Avago
Technol
o
gie
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HS
MS
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2850,
“
Surfac
e
Mou
nt
Z
ero
Bi
as
Sch
ott
k
y
De
te
c
-
tor
Diodes.
”
[17]
Advanc
ed
D
esig
n
S
y
stem 2013
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.