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id
co
n
tain
ed
in
s
id
e
th
e
lu
n
g
s
will
lo
o
k
lik
e
wh
ite
s
p
o
ts
.
Flu
id
s
u
f
f
er
er
s
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
ar
e
s
im
ilar
to
ca
s
es
o
f
p
n
eu
m
o
n
ia
an
d
d
if
f
icu
lt
y
s
y
n
d
r
o
m
e
ac
u
te
r
esp
ir
ato
r
y
d
is
tr
ess
s
y
n
d
r
o
m
e.
T
h
is
f
lu
id
b
u
ild
u
p
is
o
n
in
t
h
e
th
o
r
ax
,
ca
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
u
f
f
er
er
to
h
av
e
d
i
f
f
icu
lty
b
r
ea
th
i
n
g
,
ev
en
t
h
e
wo
r
s
t
co
n
d
itio
n
th
at
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
d
ea
t
h
[
4
]
.
Alo
n
g
with
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ca
s
es
in
f
ec
te
d
with
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
,
h
an
d
lin
g
m
u
s
t
b
e
d
o
n
e
i
m
m
e
d
iately
to
in
c
r
ea
s
e
ca
s
u
alties
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
is
p
an
d
e
m
ic.
Sp
ee
d
,
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
a
n
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
in
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
f
o
r
C
O
VI
D
-
1
9
ar
e
c
r
itical.
Ma
n
y
s
tu
d
ies
d
is
cu
s
s
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
.
R
ag
n
eso
la
et
a
l.
[
5
]
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
d
ata
f
o
r
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
o
v
er
co
m
in
g
t
h
is
p
an
d
em
ic.
He
u
s
ed
th
e
later
al
f
lo
w
ass
ay
(
L
FA)
test
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
,
u
s
in
g
s
er
o
p
o
s
itiv
ity
o
n
6
3
p
lasma
co
n
v
aselen
d
o
n
o
r
(
C
P)
s
am
p
les
to
d
eter
m
in
e
I
g
G
an
d
I
g
M.
C
P
d
o
n
o
r
s
s
h
o
w
m
ix
ed
r
esu
lts
.
G
ill
et
a
l.
[
6
]
aim
s
to
cr
ea
te
a
co
m
p
lete
p
r
o
f
ile
o
f
th
e
leu
k
o
cy
tes
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
atien
ts
an
d
co
m
p
ar
e
th
ese
p
r
o
f
iles
with
h
ea
lth
y
n
o
n
-
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
atien
ts
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
u
s
ed
is
to
m
ak
e
r
ib
o
n
u
cleic
ac
id
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
(
R
NAseq
)
ex
p
r
ess
ed
d
if
f
er
en
tly
f
o
r
later
id
en
tific
atio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
wer
e
t
h
at
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
a
tien
ts
wh
o
wer
e
cr
itical
o
n
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
d
ay
p
r
o
v
id
ed
a
u
n
iq
u
e
le
u
k
o
c
y
te
p
r
o
f
ile.
Go
s
h
en
-
L
a
g
o
et
a
l.
[
7
]
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
ed
ca
n
ce
r
p
atien
ts
r
e
ce
iv
in
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
s
er
o
lo
g
ical
tr
ea
tm
en
t
to
esti
m
ate
th
eir
im
m
u
n
ity
p
atter
n
to
SAR
S
-
C
o
V2
.
Als
h
az
ly
et
a
l.
[
8
]
i
n
h
is
r
esear
ch
,
ad
o
p
ted
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
n
etwo
r
k
a
r
ch
itectu
r
e
in
a
s
er
ies o
f
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ts
with
two
s
ets o
f
C
T
im
ag
e
d
ata,
n
am
el
y
th
e
SAR
S
-
C
o
V
-
2
an
d
C
OVI
D
-
19
-
C
T
s
ca
n
s
.
His
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
ws
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
r
esu
lts
in
a
ch
iev
in
g
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
s
p
ec
if
icity
,
an
d
s
en
s
itiv
ity
v
alu
es
.
Siwiak
et
a
l.
[
9
]
r
esear
ch
e
d
b
y
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
a
m
eta
p
o
p
u
latio
n
-
ty
p
e
SIR
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
m
o
d
el
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
s
p
r
ea
d
o
f
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
em
ic
in
th
e
New
Yo
r
k
ar
ea
.
T
iwar
i
a
n
d
J
ain
[
1
0
]
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
an
ea
r
ly
d
etec
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
to
d
if
f
er
en
tiat
e
p
n
eu
m
o
n
ia
f
r
o
m
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
b
ased
o
n
th
e
C
ap
s
Net
n
etwo
r
k
s
y
s
tem
.
C
h
o
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
1
]
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
a
v
ac
cin
e
s
y
s
tem
u
s
in
g
r
ec
o
m
b
in
a
n
t
b
ac
u
lo
v
ir
al,
DN
A
-
b
ased
,
to
p
r
o
tect
th
e
co
r
o
n
av
ir
u
s
s
y
n
d
r
o
m
e
in
th
e
Mi
d
d
le
E
ast.
L
eg
er
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
2
]
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
a
s
y
s
tem
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
s
ev
er
ity
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
b
ased
o
n
C
T
s
ca
n
i
m
ag
es
o
f
th
e
lu
n
g
s
.
W
an
g
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
3
]
a
p
p
lied
t
h
e
C
o
n
v
o
lu
tio
n
al
Ne
u
r
al
Netwo
r
k
in
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
C
OVI
D1
9
b
ased
o
n
X
-
r
ay
im
ag
e
s
.
J
af
f
e
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
4
]
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
clin
ical
an
d
eth
ical
ch
allen
g
es
in
liv
er
tr
an
s
p
lan
tat
io
n
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
g
u
id
an
ce
f
o
r
en
d
-
s
tag
e
p
atien
t
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic.
C
o
n
n
ell
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
5
]
p
r
o
v
id
ed
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
t
h
e
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
o
f
h
ea
d
an
d
n
ec
k
ca
n
ce
r
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic.
Dh
am
ad
an
d
R
h
id
a
[
1
6
]
c
o
n
d
u
cted
a
r
ev
iew
o
f
m
o
lecu
la
r
an
d
s
er
o
lo
g
ical
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
.
Keih
an
ian
a
n
d
B
ig
d
elu
[
1
7
]
co
n
d
u
cted
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
r
ev
iew
o
f
ca
r
d
io
v
asc
u
lar
d
is
o
r
d
e
r
s
an
d
th
eir
co
m
p
licat
io
n
s
f
r
o
m
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
.
T
h
e
I
NR
I
A
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
[
1
8
]
ev
alu
ates
th
e
in
itial
n
ee
d
s
o
f
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
s
er
v
ice
u
n
it
at
th
e
h
o
s
p
ital,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
b
ed
in
th
e
I
C
U
u
n
it
n
o
t
to
b
e
d
is
p
la
ce
d
ev
en
th
o
u
g
h
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
is
b
o
o
m
in
g
d
u
e
to
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
em
ic.
As
with
o
u
r
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
[
1
9
]
-
[
2
3
]
wh
ich
h
as a
lway
s
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
u
s
in
g
d
ig
ital
im
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
h
ea
lth
s
er
v
ices
in
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
,
we
will
d
ev
el
o
p
a
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
b
ased
o
n
im
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
.
I
n
t
h
e
ea
r
ly
s
tag
es,
we
will
s
eg
m
en
t
th
e
th
o
r
ax
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
X
-
r
a
y
r
ad
io
lo
g
ical
im
ag
es
u
s
in
g
th
e
B
r
ad
ley
s
eg
m
e
n
tatio
n
m
eth
o
d
.
W
e
u
s
ed
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
th
o
r
ax
m
o
d
el
f
r
o
m
E
r
clev
e
[
2
4
]
as a
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
t
o
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
o
r
ac
ic
ab
n
o
r
m
alit
ies
in
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
s
u
f
f
er
er
s
.
Sev
er
al
o
t
h
er
r
esear
ch
t
h
at
u
s
e
th
o
r
a
x
im
a
g
er
y
in
id
en
tify
in
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
ar
e
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
[
2
5
]
,
ad
a
p
tiv
e
s
tr
atif
icatio
n
[
2
6
]
,
s
o
cial
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
m
en
t
[
2
7
]
,
b
lo
o
d
ce
l
l
r
atio
[
2
8
]
,
th
o
r
ax
ic
s
u
r
g
er
y
[
2
9
]
,
to
m
o
g
r
ap
h
y
im
a
g
es
[
3
0
]
,
o
to
la
r
y
n
g
o
lo
g
y
s
u
r
g
er
y
[
3
1
]
,
h
an
d
h
eld
o
p
ti
ca
l
s
y
s
tem
[
3
2
]
,
SOM
-
L
W
L
m
eth
o
d
[
3
3
]
,
th
e
r
ap
eu
tic
ef
f
ec
ts
[
3
4
]
,
u
p
p
er
r
esp
ir
ato
r
y
tr
ac
t
[
3
5
]
.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
D
B
r
ad
ley
th
r
esh
o
l
d
in
g
is
a
th
r
esh
o
ld
in
g
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
m
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
in
g
m
eth
o
d
b
y
Der
e
k
B
r
ad
ley
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
wo
r
k
s
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
p
ix
els
to
th
e
n
ea
r
est
p
ix
el,
k
ee
p
in
g
h
ar
d
co
n
tr
ast
lin
es,
an
d
ig
n
o
r
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
g
r
ad
ien
t
ch
a
n
g
es.
I
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
p
ix
el
v
al
u
e
t
p
er
ce
n
t
is
lo
wer
th
an
av
er
ag
e,
it
will
b
e
s
et
to
b
lack
;
o
th
er
wis
e,
it
will
b
e
s
et
to
wh
ite.
T
h
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
th
is
m
eth
o
d
is
th
at
o
n
ly
o
n
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
o
f
th
e
im
ag
e
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
,
an
d
it is
m
o
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t a
g
ain
s
t c
h
an
g
in
g
illu
m
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
im
ag
e
an
d
is
s
im
p
le
an
d
ea
s
y
to
ap
p
ly
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
er
e
is
o
n
e
m
ajo
r
p
r
o
b
lem
with
th
is
m
eth
o
d
in
th
at
th
e
b
in
ar
izatio
n
r
esu
lts
d
ep
en
d
o
n
th
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
in
wh
ic
h
th
e
p
i
x
els
ar
e
s
ca
n
n
ed
[
3
6
]
.
R
ef
er
r
i
n
g
to
th
e
wea
k
n
ess
o
f
th
is
m
eth
o
d
,
in
its
u
s
e
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
we
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e
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atch
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wh
en
ap
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ev
en
illu
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atio
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.
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s
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s
e
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llo
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e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
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5
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M
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T
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O
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3
.
1
.
D
a
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cquis
it
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C
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p
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I
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a
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i
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u
r
e
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h
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ex
am
p
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f
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ag
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3
.
2
.
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re
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iate
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in
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ess
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ity
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b
ject'
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atin
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ic
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will b
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alize
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ize.
−
I
m
ag
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esize
R
esize
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as
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u
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2
co
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u
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2
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a)
.
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Fig
u
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2
.
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e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
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P
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1077
r
em
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ased
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h
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n
d
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to
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ac
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[
2
4
]
.
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n
th
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ex
p
er
im
en
t,
th
e
c
r
o
p
p
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m
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Fig
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Fig
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3
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3
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B
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hresh
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Seg
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.
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n
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alcu
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o
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.
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n
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lcu
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th
e
in
teg
r
al
im
a
g
e
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ir
s
t
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at
h
th
r
o
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th
e
in
p
u
t
im
ag
e.
Fu
r
th
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m
o
r
e,
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e
av
er
a
g
e
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ix
el
s
x
s
i
s
ca
lcu
lated
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s
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co
n
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tim
e,
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o
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e
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e.
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f
th
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m
p
a
r
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o
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es
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lts
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o
w
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r
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lack
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Oth
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r
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it
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3
6
]
.
Usi
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m
eth
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eg
m
en
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ly
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r
o
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eq
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u
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D
-
1
9
s
u
f
f
e
r
er
s
an
d
5
0
s
am
p
les o
f
th
o
r
ax
X
-
r
ay
s
o
f
n
o
r
m
al
p
atien
ts
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
NS
T
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
ch
o
o
s
in
g
a
r
e
s
ize
to
th
e
s
ize
o
f
5
0
0
x
5
0
0
p
ix
els
is
th
at
wh
en
u
s
in
g
th
e
a
ctu
al
p
ix
el
s
ize,
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
test
r
esu
lts
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
is
n
o
t
m
u
ch
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
im
a
g
e
th
at
h
as
b
ee
n
r
esized
b
y
5
0
0
x
5
0
0
p
ix
els.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
o
f
th
e
test
r
esu
lts
is
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
.
R
ef
er
r
in
g
to
T
ab
le
1
,
co
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
test
r
esu
lts
b
etwe
en
th
e
im
ag
e
with
th
e
ac
tu
al
p
ix
el
s
ize
an
d
th
e
im
a
g
e
with
th
e
r
esized
p
ix
el
s
ize
is
n
o
t
m
u
ch
d
if
f
er
e
n
t.
So
f
r
o
m
t
h
at,
to
g
et
f
aster
an
d
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t
r
esu
lts
,
test
in
g
u
s
in
g
5
0
0
x
5
0
0
p
ix
el
r
esize
is
ch
o
s
en
b
ec
au
s
e
if
we
u
s
e
an
im
ag
e
with
p
i
x
el
s
ize,
it
tak
es
q
u
ite
a
b
it
o
f
tim
e
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
it,
esp
ec
ially
wh
en
lo
ad
in
g
th
e
in
p
u
t
im
ag
e
in
t
o
th
e
s
y
s
tem
it
tak
es
a
v
er
y
l
o
n
g
tim
e
f
o
r
a
n
im
ag
e
with
th
at
s
ize.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
s
tep
is
to
cr
o
p
th
e
r
esized
in
p
u
t
im
ag
e
as
d
escr
ib
ed
in
th
e
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
ab
o
v
e.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
ws
an
ex
am
p
le
o
f
th
e
cr
o
p
p
in
g
we
h
av
e
d
o
n
e.
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
etwe
en
o
r
ig
in
al
s
ize
th
o
r
a
x
X
-
r
ay
im
a
g
e
an
d
r
esized
im
ag
e
N
o
.
I
mag
e
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
I
mag
e
I
mag
e
R
e
si
z
e
(
5
0
0
x
5
0
0
p
i
x
e
l
s)
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
T
e
s
t
R
e
s
u
l
t
s
T
i
m
e
P
r
o
c
e
ss
i
n
g
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
T
e
s
t
R
e
s
u
l
t
s
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
T
e
s
t
R
e
s
u
l
t
s
1.
I
mag
e
_
C
o
v
i
d
1
5
6
,
4
0
4
3
0
0
.
5
5
5
7
,
6
3
2
1
0
0
.
3
1
2.
I
mag
e
_
C
o
v
i
d
2
5
6
,
7
2
9
9
0
0
.
6
2
5
5
,
1
1
8
3
0
0
.
3
4
3.
I
mag
e
_
C
o
v
i
d
3
6
5
,
3
2
6
6
0
0
.
7
0
6
5
,
0
1
2
4
0
0
.
3
3
4
I
mag
e
_
N
o
r
mal
1
4
6
,
1
7
3
8
0
0
.
5
5
4
6
,
8
4
3
2
0
0
.
3
5
5.
I
mag
e
_
N
o
r
mal
2
4
7
,
9
6
7
5
0
0
.
6
8
4
4
,
0
9
7
7
0
0
.
3
0
6
I
mag
e
_
N
o
r
mal
3
4
9
,
6
1
8
0
0
.
6
0
4
8
,
9
0
8
4
0
0
.
3
7
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
1
0
7
4
-
1
0
8
3
1078
R
ef
er
r
in
g
to
T
a
b
le
2
,
W
e
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
im
ag
e
t
h
at
th
er
e
ar
e
s
till
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
e
b
o
d
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
im
ag
e
d
ata
r
etr
i
ev
al,
s
o
cr
o
p
p
in
g
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
s
o
th
at
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
o
n
ly
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
o
n
th
e
d
esire
d
o
b
ject,
n
am
el
y
th
e
th
o
r
ax
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
cr
o
p
p
in
g
v
ar
ies
in
ea
ch
lu
n
g
im
ag
e
d
ata
b
ec
au
s
e
ev
er
y
h
u
m
an
b
ein
g
h
as
a
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
th
o
r
a
x
s
h
ap
e.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
s
tep
is
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
wh
ich
is
at
th
e
co
r
e
o
f
th
is
ex
p
er
im
en
t.
As
ex
p
lain
ed
ab
o
v
e,
we
u
s
e
B
r
ad
le
y
s
eg
m
e
n
tatio
n
to
lo
ca
lize
th
e
th
o
r
ax
ar
ea
to
b
e
ex
p
lo
r
ed
m
o
r
p
h
o
lo
g
ical
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
ab
le
3
s
h
o
ws
s
o
m
e
ex
am
p
les
o
f
th
o
r
ax
s
eg
m
e
n
tatio
n
r
esu
lts
u
s
in
g
th
e
B
r
ad
ley
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
m
eth
o
d
.
T
ab
l
e
2
.
C
r
o
p
p
in
g
r
esu
lts
No
I
mag
e
C
r
o
p
p
i
n
g
a
r
e
a
R
e
s
u
l
t
1.
I
mag
e
_
C
o
v
i
d
1
2.
I
mag
e
_
C
o
v
i
d
2
3.
I
mag
e
_
C
o
v
i
d
3
4
I
mag
e
_
N
o
r
mal
1
5.
I
mag
e
_
N
o
r
mal
2
6
I
mag
e
_
N
o
r
mal
3
T
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
im
ag
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
B
r
ad
ley
th
r
esh
o
ld
in
g
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
is
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
th
e
n
lab
eled
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
at
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
lo
r
ed
,
esp
ec
ially
in
t
h
e
wh
ite
p
atch
es
o
n
th
e
t
h
o
r
a
x
.
T
h
e
wh
ite
p
atch
es
o
b
jects
in
th
e
s
eg
m
en
ted
th
o
r
ax
X
-
r
ay
im
a
g
e
ar
e
la
b
eled
.
T
h
e
g
o
al
is
to
g
et
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
wh
ite
p
atch
es
o
b
jects,
th
e
ar
ea
o
f
ea
ch
w
h
ite
p
atch
es,
an
d
th
e
to
tal
ar
ea
o
f
th
e
wh
ite
p
atch
es.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
an
ex
am
p
le
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lt o
f
th
e
la
b
elin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
th
e
wh
ite
s
p
o
t in
th
e
th
o
r
ax
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
is
th
e
lab
elin
g
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
e
im
ag
e
s
am
p
le
o
f
th
o
r
ax
with
C
OVI
D
-
19
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
s
y
s
tem
h
as
d
etec
ted
1
6
3
w
h
ite
p
atch
es
wi
th
a
to
tal
ar
ea
o
f
2
4
0
8
4
p
ix
els
.
T
h
e
lab
elin
g
r
esu
lts
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
ev
e
r
al
s
tag
es.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tag
e
d
eter
m
in
es
th
e
co
o
r
d
in
ate
p
o
in
ts
,
a
n
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
wh
ite
s
p
o
ts
o
n
all
d
etec
t
ed
wh
ite
s
p
o
ts
;
th
en
,
p
a
r
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
ce
n
tr
o
i
d
,
ar
ea
,
p
er
im
eter
,
an
d
r
ec
tan
g
le
co
o
r
d
in
ates
ar
e
s
o
u
g
h
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
ese
co
o
r
d
in
ate
p
o
in
ts
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
ese
p
ar
am
eter
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
d
escr
ib
e
lab
elin
g
with
a
r
ed
r
ec
ta
n
g
le.
A
r
ec
tan
g
le
ca
n
b
e
c
r
ea
ted
f
r
o
m
a
b
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
b
o
x
b
y
k
n
o
w
in
g
th
e
co
o
r
d
in
ates
x
1
,
x
2
,
an
d
y
2
.
W
e
u
s
e
(
1
)
t
o
ca
lcu
late
th
e
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
wh
ite
p
atch
es a
s
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
ℎ
ℎ
=
ℎ
ℎ
ℎ
100%
(
1
)
T
h
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
d
ata
u
s
ed
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
9
5
s
am
p
le
im
ag
es,
wh
ich
ar
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
4
5
im
ag
es
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
th
o
r
ax
an
d
5
0
im
ag
es
o
f
n
o
r
m
al
t
h
o
r
a
x
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
ex
p
er
im
e
n
t
h
y
p
o
t
h
esized
th
at
th
e
th
o
r
a
x
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
Mo
r
p
h
o
lo
g
ica
l c
h
a
r
a
cteris
tics
o
f X
-
r
a
y
th
o
r
a
x
ima
g
es o
f COVI
D
-
1
9
P
a
tien
ts
…
(
R
etn
o
S
u
p
r
iya
n
ti
)
1079
X
-
r
ay
im
a
g
es
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
s
u
f
f
er
er
s
h
a
d
a
s
m
aller
th
o
r
a
x
ar
ea
th
an
th
e
n
o
r
m
al.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
it
also
h
as
a
b
r
o
ad
e
r
ar
ea
o
f
wh
ite
p
atch
es
,
a
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
wh
ite
p
atch
es,
an
d
a
h
i
g
h
er
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
wh
ite
p
atch
es
th
an
t
h
at
f
o
u
n
d
in
n
o
r
m
al
th
o
r
ax
X
-
r
ay
i
m
ag
es.
Af
ter
test
in
g
,
th
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
im
ag
es
w
h
o
s
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
n
o
t
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
h
y
p
o
th
esis
th
at
h
as
b
ee
n
m
en
tio
n
ed
a
b
o
v
e.
T
h
is
ca
s
e
ca
n
b
e
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
im
ag
e
d
ata
its
elf
.
I
m
ag
e
q
u
ality
h
as
v
ar
io
u
s
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
s
u
ch
as
b
r
ig
h
tn
ess
,
s
h
ar
p
n
ess
,
an
d
im
ag
e
r
eso
lu
tio
n
.
I
n
th
is
ex
p
e
r
im
en
t,
if
th
e
s
y
s
tem
h
as
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
th
e
p
r
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
o
p
e
r
atio
n
well,
b
u
t
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
ar
e
n
o
t
g
o
o
d
,
th
en
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
ca
n
c
o
m
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
im
ag
e
d
ata
its
elf
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
th
is
p
r
o
b
lem
c
o
u
ld
b
e
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
q
u
ality
p
ar
am
eter
t
h
at
th
e
im
ag
e
its
elf
is
n
o
t
g
o
o
d
at
s
o
th
at
it
in
f
l
u
en
ce
s
th
e
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
also
af
f
ec
ts
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
r
esu
lts
b
ec
au
s
e
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
p
r
o
d
u
ce
o
p
tim
al
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
th
e
im
ag
e
q
u
ality
ca
n
b
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
b
y
th
e
q
u
ality
f
ac
to
r
o
f
t
h
e
X
-
r
a
y
m
ac
h
in
e
an
d
t
h
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
f
ilm
u
s
ed
as th
e
m
ed
ia
f
o
r
X
-
r
ay
p
h
o
t
o
s
.
So
m
e
ex
am
p
les o
f
r
esear
ch
r
esu
lts
o
n
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
th
o
r
ax
X
-
r
ay
s
an
d
n
o
r
m
al
th
o
r
ax
X
-
r
ay
s
th
at
d
o
n
o
t m
atch
th
e
h
y
p
o
th
esis
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
ab
le
3
.
Seg
m
e
n
tatio
n
r
esu
lts
No
I
mag
e
C
r
o
p
p
i
n
g
R
e
s
u
l
t
Th
o
r
a
x
se
g
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
W
h
i
t
e
p
a
t
c
h
e
s se
g
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
1.
I
mag
e
_
C
o
v
i
d
1
2.
I
mag
e
_
C
o
v
i
d
2
3.
I
mag
e
_
C
o
v
i
d
3
4
I
mag
e
_
N
o
r
mal
1
5.
I
mag
e
_
N
o
r
mal
2
6
I
mag
e
_
N
o
r
mal
3
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
An
ex
am
p
le
o
f
lab
eli
n
g
o
n
th
e
th
o
r
ax
C
OVI
D
-
19
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
E
x
am
p
les o
f
s
ev
er
al
im
ag
es th
at
f
ailed
to
b
e
d
etec
ted
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
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C
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m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
24
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
1
0
7
4
-
1
0
8
3
1080
R
ef
er
r
in
g
to
Fig
u
r
e
5
,
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
v
alu
es
f
o
r
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
wh
ite
p
atc
h
es
an
d
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
wh
ite
p
atch
es
b
elo
n
g
to
th
e
t
h
o
r
ax
X
-
r
ay
im
a
g
e
o
f
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
ar
e
b
elo
w
th
e
p
a
r
a
m
eter
v
alu
es
f
o
r
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
wh
ite
p
atch
es
a
n
d
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
wh
ite
p
atc
h
es
th
at
b
el
o
n
g
to
th
e
t
h
o
r
ax
X
-
r
ay
im
ag
e.
T
h
is
ca
s
e
is
n
o
t
b
y
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
h
y
p
o
th
esis
,
also
in
th
e
v
is
u
al
v
is
io
n
b
y
th
e
ey
e,
n
o
r
m
al
th
o
r
ax
X
-
r
ay
im
a
g
es
h
av
e
a
clea
n
co
n
d
itio
n
,
an
d
th
er
e
ar
e
n
o
t
m
a
n
y
w
h
ite
p
atch
es.
T
h
is
ca
s
e
co
u
ld
b
e
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
q
u
ality
p
o
s
s
ess
ed
b
y
th
e
im
ag
e
n
o
t
in
clu
d
e
d
as
a
g
o
o
d
q
u
ality
im
ag
e
ca
teg
o
r
y
.
B
ec
au
s
e
f
r
o
m
a
m
ed
ical
p
o
i
n
t
o
f
v
iew,
to
g
et
a
g
o
o
d
q
u
ality
X
-
r
a
y
im
a
g
e
m
u
s
t
m
e
et
th
e
r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
f
o
r
a
p
o
s
t
an
ter
io
r
th
o
r
ax
X
-
r
ay
if
p
o
s
s
ib
le,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
:
(
i)
T
h
e
s
y
m
m
etr
ica
l
p
o
s
itio
n
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
jectio
n
o
f
th
e
th
o
r
ac
al
v
e
r
teb
r
al
b
o
d
y
o
r
s
p
in
al
co
lu
m
n
o
f
th
e
th
o
r
ax
is
lo
ca
ted
in
t
h
e
m
id
d
le
o
f
th
e
s
ter
n
o
clav
icu
lar
j
o
in
t,
n
am
ely
th
e
s
y
n
o
v
ial
jo
i
n
t
t
h
at
co
n
n
ec
ts
th
e
m
ed
ial
en
d
o
f
th
e
clav
icu
la
to
th
e
s
ter
n
u
m
an
d
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
i
b
,
wh
ich
h
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
n
h
el
p
in
g
th
e
m
o
v
em
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
s
h
o
u
ld
er
wr
is
t.
(
ii)
T
h
e
X
-
r
ay
co
n
d
itio
n
is
s
u
itab
le,
wh
i
ch
is
in
d
icate
d
b
y
a
s
u
f
f
icien
t
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
a
y
s
s
o
th
at
th
e
f
ilm
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
th
o
r
a
cic
ca
v
ity
is
en
tire
ly
b
lack
an
d
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
t
h
e
r
ay
s
is
s
u
f
f
icien
t
s
o
th
at
th
e
th
o
r
ac
ic
s
p
in
e
is
v
is
ib
le
o
n
ly
3
to
4
p
iece
s
.
(
iii)
T
h
e
f
ilm
c
o
v
er
s
th
e
en
tire
th
o
r
ac
ic
ca
v
it
y
,
wh
er
e
th
e
t
o
p
o
f
th
e
th
o
r
ac
ic
ca
v
ity
an
d
p
h
r
en
ico
-
co
s
tal
s
in
u
s
es
ar
e
o
n
th
e
r
ig
h
t
-
lef
t
[
3
7
]
.
T
h
e
s
u
cc
ess
r
ate
o
f
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
test
in
g
f
o
r
th
o
r
ax
X
-
r
ay
im
ag
e
s
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
an
d
n
o
r
m
al
ar
e
as sh
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
4
.
T
ab
le
4
.
T
h
e
lab
elin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
n
th
e
s
eg
m
e
n
ted
th
o
r
ax
No
I
mag
e
La
b
e
l
i
n
g
r
e
su
l
t
Th
o
r
a
x
a
r
e
a
(
p
i
x
e
l
s)
Th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
w
h
i
t
e
p
a
t
c
h
e
s
W
h
i
t
e
p
a
t
c
h
e
s
a
r
e
a
W
h
i
t
e
p
a
t
c
h
e
s
p
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
1.
I
mag
e
_
C
o
v
i
d
1
4
9
5
9
9
.
1
44
2
8
5
8
5
5
7
,
6
3
2
1
2.
I
mag
e
_
C
o
v
i
d
2
7
3
0
7
6
.
4
1
8
2
4
0
2
7
8
,
5
5
5
,
1
1
8
3
3.
I
mag
e
_
C
o
v
i
d
3
3
7
9
7
3
.
5
46
2
4
6
8
7
.
5
6
5
,
0
1
2
4
4
I
mag
e
_
N
o
r
mal
1
3
7
7
0
9
27
1
7
6
6
4
.
1
4
6
,
8
4
3
2
5.
I
mag
e
_
N
o
r
mal
2
5
3
7
0
0
.
1
57
2
3
6
8
0
.
5
4
4
,
0
9
7
7
6
I
mag
e
_
N
o
r
mal
3
6
2
6
2
8
.
1
53
3
0
6
3
0
.
4
4
8
,
9
0
8
4
R
ef
er
r
in
g
to
T
ab
le
5
,
th
e
B
r
ad
ley
th
r
esh
o
ld
in
g
m
eth
o
d
in
s
eg
m
en
tin
g
wh
ite
p
atc
h
e
s
o
n
t
h
o
r
ax
X
-
r
ay
s
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
19
as
m
a
n
y
a
s
3
3
im
ag
es
with
f
ailu
r
e
o
f
1
2
im
ag
es,
s
o
th
e
p
e
r
ce
n
tag
e
s
u
cc
ess
r
ate
f
o
r
th
is
is
7
3
.
3
3
%.
W
h
er
ea
s
f
o
r
wh
ite
p
atch
es
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
o
n
th
o
r
a
x
X
-
r
ay
im
ag
es
o
f
n
o
r
m
al
,
th
i
s
m
eth
o
d
s
u
cc
ee
d
ed
in
s
eg
m
en
tin
g
2
7
im
ag
es
a
n
d
2
3
i
m
ag
es
f
ailed
,
an
d
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
s
u
cc
ess
was
5
4
%
f
o
r
test
in
g
w
h
ite
p
atch
es seg
m
en
tatio
n
o
n
th
o
r
a
x
X
-
r
ay
s
o
f
n
o
r
m
al.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
Mo
r
p
h
o
lo
g
ica
l c
h
a
r
a
cteris
tics
o
f X
-
r
a
y
th
o
r
a
x
ima
g
es o
f COVI
D
-
1
9
P
a
tien
ts
…
(
R
etn
o
S
u
p
r
iya
n
ti
)
1081
T
ab
le
5
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
B
r
ad
ley
th
r
esh
o
ld
in
g
m
eth
o
d
S
u
c
c
e
e
d
F
a
i
l
e
d
P
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
C
O
V
I
D
1
9
T
h
o
r
a
x
3
3
i
m
a
g
e
s
1
2
i
m
a
g
e
s
7
3
.
3
3
%
N
o
r
mal
T
h
o
r
a
x
2
7
i
m
a
g
e
s
2
3
i
m
a
g
e
s
5
4
%
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
NS
Seg
m
en
tatio
n
u
s
in
g
th
e
B
r
ad
l
ey
th
r
esh
o
ld
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
u
cc
e
ed
ed
in
o
b
tain
in
g
th
e
a
r
ea
o
f
th
e
th
o
r
a
x
an
d
wh
ite
p
atch
es
o
n
th
e
th
o
r
ax
X
-
r
ay
im
ag
e
i
n
p
ix
els.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
wh
ite
p
atch
es
s
eg
m
en
tatio
n
u
s
in
g
th
e
B
r
ad
ley
th
r
esh
o
ld
in
g
m
eth
o
d
ca
n
s
im
p
lify
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
an
aly
zin
g
X
-
r
ay
im
ag
es
f
o
r
p
e
o
p
le
with
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
to
g
et
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
an
d
p
r
ec
is
e
im
ag
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
av
e
r
ag
e
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
o
f
wh
ite
p
atch
es
o
f
th
e
two
d
ata
ab
o
v
e
,
th
er
e
was
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
c
e
b
etwe
en
th
o
r
a
x
X
-
r
ay
im
a
g
e
d
ata
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
atien
t
an
d
th
o
r
a
x
X
-
r
ay
im
ag
e
d
ata
o
f
a
n
o
r
m
a
l
p
atien
t
with
a
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
o
f
5
.
7
5
9
5
6
%
with
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
r
ate
o
f
te
s
tin
g
ea
ch
o
f
7
3
.
3
3
%
an
d
5
4
%.
Fo
r
f
u
r
th
er
r
esear
ch
,
we
will
cla
s
s
if
y
th
e
s
ev
er
ity
o
f
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
d
is
ea
s
e
with
o
th
er
f
ea
tu
r
es th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t th
e
d
ia
g
n
o
s
is
o
f
C
OV
I
D1
9
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
W
e
wo
u
ld
lik
e
t
o
th
a
n
k
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
C
u
ltu
r
e,
R
esear
ch
,
a
n
d
T
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
wh
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
f
u
n
d
in
g
f
o
r
th
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
"Fu
n
d
am
en
tal
R
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rld
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a
lt
h
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a
n
iza
ti
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n
,
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d
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te o
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c
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v
iru
s
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ise
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se
in
In
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o
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e
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,
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2
0
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1
.
[2
]
P
.
Be
ll
u
c
k
,
“
Wh
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t
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a
c
tl
y
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e
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is Vi
ru
s D
o
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h
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y
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w
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o
rk
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ime
s
,
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w Yo
rk
,
USA,
1
7
-
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a
r
-
2
0
2
0
.
[3
]
N.
N.
Ki
n
lo
c
h
e
t
a
l.
,
“
E
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Na
so
p
h
a
r
y
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g
e
a
l
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wa
b
Co
ll
e
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ti
o
n
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h
n
iq
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e
s
fo
r
Nu
c
leic
Ac
id
Re
c
o
v
e
ry
a
n
d
P
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rti
c
ip
a
n
t
Ex
p
e
rien
c
e
:
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c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
COV
ID
-
1
9
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g
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stics
,
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e
n
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ru
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t.
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.
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.
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0
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fi
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a
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8
.
[4
]
C.
Wu
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Risk
F
a
c
to
rs
As
so
c
iate
d
with
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te
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sp
irato
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y
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ss
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th
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a
n
,
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h
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n
a
,
”
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AM
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In
ter
n
.
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e
d
.
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l.
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8
0
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o
.
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p
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m
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tern
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0
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0
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0
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9
4
.
[5
]
B.
Ra
g
n
e
so
la,
D.
Ji
n
,
C.
C.
Lam
b
,
B.
H.
S
h
a
z
,
C.
D.
Hill
y
e
r,
a
n
d
L.
L.
L
u
c
h
sin
g
e
r,
“
COV
ID1
9
a
n
t
ib
o
d
y
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
u
sin
g
late
ra
l
flo
w
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ss
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y
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ts
in
a
c
o
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o
rt
o
f
c
o
n
v
a
les
c
e
n
t
p
las
m
a
d
o
n
o
rs,”
BM
C
Res
.
No
tes
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
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-
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[6
]
S
.
E
.
G
i
l
l
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
T
r
a
n
s
c
r
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p
t
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o
n
a
l
p
r
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f
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l
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n
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o
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k
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l
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O
V
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1
9
p
a
t
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e
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t
s
:
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m
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
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f
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o
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g
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l
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t
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,
”
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n
t
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r
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[7
]
T.
G
o
sh
e
n
-
Lag
o
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Th
e
P
o
te
n
ti
a
l
R
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le
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m
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sp
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n
c
e
rs
(Ba
se
l).
,
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l.
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,
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o
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4
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o
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0
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3
3
9
0
/ca
n
c
e
rs1
2
0
9
2
4
2
1
.
[8
]
H.
Alsh
a
z
ly
,
C.
Li
n
se
,
E
.
Ba
rt
h
,
a
n
d
T.
M
a
rti
n
e
tz,
“
Ex
p
lain
a
b
le
C
OV
ID
-
1
9
De
tec
ti
o
n
Us
i
n
g
Ch
e
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c
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n
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d
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,
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.
[9
]
M
.
S
iwiak
,
P
.
S
z
c
z
e
sn
y
,
a
n
d
M
.
S
iwiak
,
“
F
ro
m
th
e
in
d
e
x
c
a
se
to
g
l
o
b
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l
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re
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d
:
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e
g
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o
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ty
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m
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1
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ic
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ig
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in
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r
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l.
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9
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.
[1
0
]
S
.
Ti
wa
ri
a
n
d
A.
Ja
in
,
“
Co
n
v
o
lu
t
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o
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l
c
a
p
su
le
n
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two
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k
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r
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ID
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1
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tec
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ra
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ra
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m
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g
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s,”
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t.
J
.
Ima
g
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n
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.
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e
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[1
1
]
H.
Ch
o
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Hu
m
a
n
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g
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tro
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s
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e
n
v
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d
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iral
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v
a
c
c
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s
a
g
a
i
n
st
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n
d
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n
p
j
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c
c
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l.
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5
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w.
[1
2
]
T.
Leg
e
r
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Lo
w
-
d
o
se
c
h
e
st
CT
fo
r
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ia
g
n
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sin
g
a
n
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in
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th
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V
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2
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q
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a
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sc
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re
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o
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On
e
,
v
o
l.
1
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p
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p
o
n
e
.
0
2
4
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4
0
7
.
[1
3
]
L
.
W
a
n
g
,
Z
.
Q
.
L
i
n
,
a
n
d
A
.
W
o
n
g
,
“
C
O
V
I
D
-
N
e
t
:
a
t
a
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l
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d
d
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t
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k
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g
n
f
o
r
d
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t
e
c
t
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o
n
o
f
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
c
a
s
e
s
f
r
o
m
c
h
e
s
t
X
-
r
a
y
i
m
a
g
e
s
,
”
S
c
i
.
R
e
p
.
,
v
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l
.
1
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o
.
1
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p
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-
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z.
[1
4
]
A.
Ja
ffe
,
M
.
L.
S
c
h
il
sk
y
,
R.
De
sh
p
a
n
d
e
,
a
n
d
R.
Ba
tra,
“
Li
v
e
r
Tran
sp
lan
tati
o
n
i
n
th
e
Ti
m
e
o
f
COV
ID1
9
:
Ba
rriers
a
n
d
Et
h
ica
l
Co
n
sid
e
ra
ti
o
n
s
fo
r
M
a
n
a
g
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m
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n
t
a
n
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x
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tep
s,”
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p
a
to
l
.
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o
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n
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l.
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p
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4
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1
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.
[1
5
]
D.
A.
O’Co
n
n
e
ll
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
ti
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n
s
fr
o
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th
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Ca
n
a
d
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c
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a
d
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k
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On
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k
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n
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d
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-
1
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p
a
n
d
e
m
ic,”
J
.
Ot
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ry
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o
l.
-
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c
k
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rg
.
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[1
6
]
A.
E.
D
h
a
m
a
d
a
n
d
M
.
A
.
Ab
d
a
l
Rh
id
a
,
“
COV
ID
-
1
9
:
M
o
lec
u
lar
a
n
d
se
ro
lo
g
ica
l
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e
tec
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m
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th
o
d
s,
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rJ
,
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l.
8
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7
1
7
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e
r
j.
1
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8
0
.
[1
7
]
F
.
Ke
ih
a
n
ian
a
n
d
L
.
Bi
g
d
e
l
u
,
“
Ca
rd
io
v
a
sc
u
lar
c
o
n
sid
e
ra
ti
o
n
s
in
C
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ID
-
1
9
:
A
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
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v
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e
w,”
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h
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C
li
n
.
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sk
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.
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v
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0
.
2
1
4
7
/
TCRM
.
S
2
6
4
3
7
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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[1
8
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Th
e
COV
ID
-
1
9
APHP
-
U
n
iv
e
rs
it
ies
-
INRIA
-
INSE
RM
G
ro
u
p
,
“
Early
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d
ica
t
o
rs
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f
i
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ID
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1
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,
F
ra
n
c
e
,
”
PL
o
S
On
e
,
v
o
l.
1
5
,
n
o
.
No
v
e
m
b
e
r
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
3
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
3
7
1
/
j
o
u
rn
a
l.
p
o
n
e
.
0
2
4
1
4
0
6
.
[
19
]
R.
S
u
p
riy
a
n
ti
,
A.
K.
M
a
rc
h
e
l,
Y.
Ra
m
a
d
h
a
n
i,
a
n
d
H.
B.
W
id
o
d
o
,
“
Co
ro
n
a
l
slice
se
g
m
e
n
tati
o
n
u
si
n
g
a
wa
ters
h
e
d
m
e
th
o
d
fo
r
e
a
rly
id
e
n
t
ifi
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
p
e
o
p
le
wi
th
Alz
h
e
ime
r’s,”
T
EL
KO
M
NIKA
(
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
C
o
mp
u
t.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l.
,
v
o
l
.
1
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
6
3
-
7
2
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
2
9
2
8
/T
EL
KO
M
NIK
A.V1
9
I1
.
1
5
1
4
2
.
[2
0
]
R.
S
u
p
r
iy
a
n
ti
,
A.
R.
S
u
b
h
i,
E
.
J.
As
h
a
ri,
F
.
Ah
m
a
d
,
Y.
Ra
m
a
d
h
a
n
i
,
a
n
d
H.
B.
Wi
d
o
d
o
,
“
S
imp
le Cl
a
s
sifica
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
Alz
h
e
ime
r’s
S
e
v
e
rit
y
in
S
u
p
p
o
rti
n
g
S
tren
g
th
e
n
in
g
th
e
Dia
g
n
o
sis
o
f
P
a
ti
e
n
ts
b
a
se
d
o
n
ROC
Dia
g
r
a
m
,
”
IOP
Co
n
f
.
S
e
r.
M
a
ter
.
S
c
i.
En
g
.
,
v
o
l.
9
8
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
8
8
/1
7
5
7
-
8
9
9
X/9
8
2
/1
/
0
1
2
0
0
7
.
[2
1
]
R.
S
u
p
ri
y
a
n
ti
,
A.
Rifai,
Y.
Ra
m
a
d
h
a
n
i
,
a
n
d
W.
S
iswa
n
d
a
ri,
“
In
fl
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
c
a
m
e
ra
ty
p
e
s
in
h
isto
g
ra
m
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
o
n
m
o
rp
h
o
lo
g
ica
l
id
e
n
ti
fica
ti
o
n
o
f
m
y
e
lo
b
las
t
c
e
ll
b
a
se
d
ima
g
e
se
g
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
”
J
.
P
h
y
s.
Co
n
f
.
S
e
r.
,
v
o
l.
1
3
2
1
,
n
o
.
3
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
8
8
/
1
7
4
2
-
6
5
9
6
/1
3
2
1
/
3
/0
3
2
0
1
7
.
[2
2
]
R.
S
u
p
riy
a
n
ti
,
A.
K.
M
a
rc
h
e
l,
Y.
Ra
m
a
d
h
a
n
i,
a
n
d
H.
B.
W
id
o
d
o
,
“
Co
ro
n
a
l
slice
se
g
m
e
n
tati
o
n
u
si
n
g
a
wa
ters
h
e
d
m
e
th
o
d
fo
r
e
a
rly
id
e
n
t
ifi
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
p
e
o
p
le
wi
th
Alz
h
e
ime
r’s,”
T
EL
KO
M
NIKA
(
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
C
o
mp
u
t.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l.
,
v
o
l.
1
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
6
3
-
7
2
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
2
9
2
8
/T
EL
KO
M
NIK
A.V1
9
I1
.
1
5
1
4
2
.
[2
3]
R.
S
u
p
ri
y
a
n
ti
,
A.
Ha
e
ro
m
i,
Y.
R
a
m
a
d
h
a
n
i,
a
n
d
W.
S
iswa
n
d
a
ri,
“
Un
su
p
e
rv
ise
d
M
e
t
h
o
d
f
o
r
Ca
lcu
l
a
ti
n
g
Dia
m
e
ter
a
n
d
Nu
m
b
e
r
o
f
Le
u
k
o
c
y
te
Ce
ll
s,”
IOP
Co
n
f.
S
e
r.
M
a
ter
.
S
c
i.
E
n
g
.
,
v
o
l.
9
8
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
8
8
/
1
7
5
7
-
8
9
9
X/
9
8
2
/
1
/0
1
2
0
0
6
.
[2
4
]
T.
Ercle
v
e
,
“
No
rm
a
l
Ch
e
st
X
-
Ra
y
,
”
L
i
fe
In
T
h
e
Fa
st
la
n
e
,
2
0
2
0
.
[
On
li
n
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
h
t
tp
s://
li
tfl
.
c
o
m
/n
o
rm
a
l
-
c
h
e
st
-
x
-
ra
y
/.
[Ac
c
e
ss
e
d
:
2
5
-
M
a
r
-
2
0
2
0
].
[2
5
]
L.
No
v
ias
a
ri
a
n
d
M
a
sh
o
e
d
a
h
,
“
Cl
a
ss
ifi
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Th
o
ra
x
X
-
ra
y
Re
su
lt
s
o
n
C
o
ro
n
a
Viru
s
I
n
fe
c
ti
o
n
B
a
se
d
o
n
I
n
tern
e
t
o
f
Th
in
g
s (Io
T)
,
”
J
.
P
h
y
s.
Co
n
f.
S
e
r.
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
3
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
8
8
/1
7
4
2
-
6
5
9
6
/
1
7
3
7
/
1
/0
1
2
0
0
1
.
[2
6
]
J.
F
e
rg
u
so
n
,
K.
Bly
th
,
I.
M
c
In
n
e
s,
A.
B
ian
k
i
n
,
a
n
d
R.
Jo
n
e
s,
“
P
2
5
8
AST
ERIX:
Ad
a
p
ti
v
e
st
ra
ti
fica
ti
o
n
o
f
COV
ID1
9
to
fa
c
il
it
a
te
e
n
d
o
ty
p
e
-
d
irec
ted
in
terv
e
n
ti
o
n
st
u
d
ies
,
”
T
h
o
ra
x
,
v
o
l
.
7
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
3
6
/t
h
o
ra
x
-
2
0
2
0
-
B
TS
a
b
stra
c
ts.4
0
2
.
[
27
]
M
.
S
o
lt
a
n
,
L.
Cro
wle
y
,
C.
R.
M
e
lv
il
le,
J.
Va
rn
e
y
,
a
n
d
S
.
Ca
ss
id
y
,
“
L1
2
To
wh
a
t
e
x
ten
t
a
re
so
c
ial
d
e
term
in
a
n
ts
o
f
h
e
a
lt
h
,
i
n
c
lu
d
in
g
h
o
u
se
h
o
l
d
o
v
e
rc
ro
wd
in
g
,
a
ir
p
o
ll
u
ti
o
n
a
n
d
h
o
u
sin
g
q
u
a
li
t
y
d
e
p
riv
a
ti
o
n
,
m
o
d
u
lat
o
rs
o
f
p
re
se
n
tatio
n
,
I
TU
a
d
m
issio
n
a
n
d
o
u
tco
m
e
s
a
m
o
n
g
p
a
ti
e
n
ts
wit
h
S
ARS
-
COV
-
2
i
n
fe
c
ti
o
n
i
n
a
n
u
rb
a
n
c
a
tch
m
e
n
t
a
r,
”
T
h
o
r
a
x
,
v
o
l.
7
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
3
6
/
th
o
ra
x
-
2
0
2
0
-
BTS
a
b
stra
c
ts.4
1
4
.
[
28
]
M
.
A.
M
a
n
,
R.
-
M
.
Ra
jn
o
v
e
a
n
u
,
N.
S
.
M
o
t
o
c
,
C
.
I.
B
o
n
d
o
r
,
a
n
d
A.
F
.
Ch
is,
“
Ne
u
tr
o
p
h
il
-
to
-
ly
m
p
h
o
c
y
te
ra
ti
o
,
p
la
tele
ts
-
to
-
ly
m
p
h
o
c
y
te
ra
ti
o
,
a
n
d
e
o
sin
o
p
h
il
s
c
o
rre
latio
n
wit
h
h
ig
h
-
re
so
lu
ti
o
n
c
o
m
p
u
ter
t
o
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
se
v
e
rit
y
sc
o
re
in
COV
ID
-
1
9
p
a
ti
e
n
ts,”
PL
o
S
O
n
e
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
,
n
o
.
6
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
3
7
1
/j
o
u
r
n
a
l.
p
o
n
e
.
0
2
5
2
5
9
9
.
[
29
]
N.
M
a
y
e
r,
P
.
P
e
rik
leo
u
s,
G
.
Do
u
k
a
s,
K.
De
R
o
m
e
,
a
n
d
H.
Br
u
ij
n
e
n
,
“
P
3
1
T
h
o
ra
c
ic
s
u
rg
e
ry
i
n
th
e
C
OV
ID
-
1
9
e
ra
:
a
tertiary
sin
g
le ce
n
tre rep
o
rt,
”
T
h
o
ra
x
,
v
o
l.
7
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
3
6
/t
h
o
ra
x
-
2
0
2
0
-
BTS
a
b
stra
c
ts.1
7
6
.
[
30
]
M
.
M
a
n
z
o
a
n
d
S
.
P
e
ll
i
n
o
,
“
F
i
g
h
ti
n
g
T
o
g
e
t
h
e
r
a
g
a
in
st
th
e
P
a
n
d
e
m
ic:
Lea
rn
in
g
M
u
l
ti
p
le
M
o
d
e
ls
o
n
To
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
Im
a
g
e
s fo
r
COV
ID
-
1
9
Dia
g
n
o
sis,
”
AI
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/ai2
0
2
0
0
1
6
.
[3
1
]
F
.
G
.
Ka
v
a
n
a
g
h
,
D.
Ca
ll
a
n
a
n
,
C.
Co
n
n
o
ll
y
,
D.
Bri
n
k
m
a
n
,
a
n
d
C.
F
it
z
g
e
ra
ld
,
“
P
re
‐o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
tes
ti
n
g
f
o
r
S
ARS‐Co
V‐2
a
n
d
o
u
tco
m
e
s
i
n
o
t
o
lary
n
g
o
lo
g
y
su
r
g
e
ry
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
p
a
n
d
e
m
ic:
A
m
u
lt
i‐ce
n
t
e
r
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
,
”
L
a
ry
n
g
o
sc
o
p
e
I
n
v
e
stig
.
Ot
o
la
ry
n
g
o
l.
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
2
/l
io
2
.
6
1
3
.
[3
2
]
M
.
S
e
r
v
i,
A.
Z
u
ll
i,
Y.
V
o
lp
e
,
R.
F
u
rfe
ri
,
a
n
d
L
.
P
u
g
g
e
ll
i,
“
Ha
n
d
h
e
l
d
Op
ti
c
a
l
S
y
ste
m
f
o
r
P
e
c
tu
s
E
x
c
a
v
a
tu
m
As
se
ss
m
e
n
t,
”
Ap
p
l
.
S
c
i.
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/ap
p
1
1
0
4
1
7
2
6
.
[3
3
]
A.
H.
Os
m
a
n
;,
H.
M
.
Aljah
d
a
l
i,
S
.
M
.
Altarra
z
i;
,
a
n
d
A.
A
h
m
e
d
,
“
S
OM
-
LW
L
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
i
d
e
n
ti
fica
ti
o
n
o
f
COV
ID
-
1
9
o
n
c
h
e
st X
-
ra
y
s,”
PL
o
S
O
n
e
,
v
o
l.
1
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
3
7
1
/j
o
u
r
n
a
l.
p
o
n
e
.
0
2
4
7
1
7
6
.
[3
4
]
P
.
C
o
rre
a
le,
M
.
Ca
ra
c
c
io
lo
,
M
.
B
il
o
tt
a
,
F
e
d
e
rico
;
C
o
n
te,
a
n
d
M
.
C
u
z
z
o
la,
“
T
h
e
ra
p
e
u
ti
c
e
ffe
c
ts
o
f
a
d
e
n
o
sin
e
in
h
ig
h
flo
w
2
1
%
o
x
y
g
e
n
a
e
re
o
so
l
i
n
p
a
ti
e
n
ts
wit
h
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A.
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D.
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.
[
37
]
S
.
As
riy
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lt
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,
tele
-
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lt
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
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J
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&
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irma
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d
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d
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lt
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-
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a
lt
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n
d
tele
m
e
d
icin
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.