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o
n
d
f
r
o
m
d
ee
p
in
h
alatio
n
.
So
m
eti
m
es,
FEV6
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
l
ac
ed
b
y
FV
C
(
Fo
r
ce
d
Vital
C
ap
ac
it
y
)
b
ec
au
s
e
b
o
th
FEV6
a
n
d
FV
C
r
et
u
r
n
th
e
s
a
m
e
v
a
lu
e
s
.
B
o
th
FEV1
a
n
d
FEV6
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
l
u
n
g
’
s
ca
p
ac
it
y
an
d
b
r
ea
th
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Gen
er
al
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
a
Sp
ir
o
m
etr
y
S
y
s
te
m
T
h
is
p
ap
er
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
c
h
a
r
ac
ter
izatio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
u
s
ed
in
d
ev
e
lo
p
in
g
a
u
s
er
-
f
r
ie
n
d
l
y
p
o
r
tab
le
d
ig
ital
s
p
ir
o
m
eter
u
s
i
n
g
L
ab
VI
E
W
an
d
Natio
n
al
I
n
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
S
in
g
le
B
o
ar
d
R
I
O
(
NI
s
b
R
I
O)
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
ab
le
to
ex
tr
ac
t
FEV1
an
d
FEV6
f
r
o
m
b
r
e
ath
ed
air
,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
ese
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
i
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
b
et
w
ee
n
h
ea
l
th
y
a
n
d
u
n
h
ea
lt
h
y
b
r
ea
th
i
n
g
p
r
o
f
ile
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
b
r
ea
th
i
n
g
h
ar
d
w
ar
e,
NI
s
b
R
I
O
FP
G
A
b
o
ar
d
an
d
L
ab
VI
E
W
So
f
t
w
ar
e
to
cr
ea
te
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
alg
o
r
it
h
m
o
f
a
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
s
p
ir
o
m
e
ter
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
L
ab
VI
E
W
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
t
w
o
p
ar
ts
:
1
)
t
h
e
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
i
tio
n
a
n
d
2
)
th
e
d
is
ea
s
e
d
iag
n
o
s
is
.
T
h
e
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
p
ar
t
w
i
ll
o
b
tain
d
ata
f
r
o
m
u
s
er
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
b
r
ea
th
ed
air
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
t
h
e
d
is
ea
s
e
d
iag
n
o
s
i
s
p
ar
t
w
ill
u
s
e
th
e
o
b
t
ain
ed
d
ata
to
an
al
y
ze
t
h
e
d
is
e
ase.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
es
Nat
io
n
al
I
n
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
Sin
g
le
B
o
ar
d
R
io
9
6
3
6
(
NI
s
b
R
I
O)
f
o
r
d
ig
ital
d
ata
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
an
d
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
a
n
d
b
r
ea
th
i
n
g
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
f
r
o
m
w
h
ic
h
u
s
er
s
w
ill
u
s
ed
to
f
lo
w
air
in
to
th
e
s
p
ir
o
m
e
ter
.
Deta
ils
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
w
ill b
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
p
ar
t I
I
an
d
I
I
I
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
B
re
a
t
hin
g
Circ
uits
B
r
ea
th
in
g
cir
cu
itr
y
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
cr
u
cial
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
i
n
a
d
ig
i
t
al
s
p
ir
o
m
eter
.
I
t
ca
p
tu
r
es
t
h
e
ex
h
ale
a
n
d
in
h
a
le
p
atter
n
s
(
b
r
ea
th
i
n
g
p
att
er
n
s
)
co
m
i
n
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
m
o
u
th
p
iece
.
T
h
e
cir
cu
it
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
m
o
u
t
h
p
iece
an
d
a
d
if
f
er
en
tial
p
r
ess
u
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
(
MP
XV7
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2
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)
.
I
n
th
is
p
r
o
j
ec
t,
th
e
m
o
u
th
p
iece
is
d
esi
g
n
ed
s
p
ec
if
icall
y
to
f
o
llo
w
Ve
n
t
u
r
i’
s
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
p
r
in
c
ip
le;
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
ce
o
f
th
e
t
w
o
p
r
ess
u
r
es
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
en
t
t
u
b
e
d
ia
m
ete
r
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
f
lo
w
r
ate
an
d
v
o
l
u
m
e
o
f
air
ex
h
aled
o
v
er
a
p
er
io
d
o
f
ti
m
e;
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
u
s
er
s
b
r
ea
th
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
air
co
m
i
n
g
i
n
to
t
h
e
s
p
ir
o
m
e
ter
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
a
f
lo
w
s
en
s
o
r
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
f
o
r
th
e
cir
cu
it
to
w
o
r
k
,
t
w
o
t
u
b
es
ar
e
attac
h
ed
a
t
th
e
n
ar
r
o
w
a
n
d
lar
g
e
s
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
b
r
ea
th
in
g
tu
b
e
an
d
d
ir
ec
tl
y
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
as sh
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
t
y
p
es
o
f
P
n
e
u
m
o
tac
h
o
m
e
ter
f
lo
w
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
p
r
in
cip
le
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
b
u
ild
u
p
a
s
p
ir
o
m
eter
.
T
h
e
L
il
y
’
s
an
d
t
h
e
Fleis
c
h
p
r
in
cip
les,
b
o
th
u
s
e
r
esis
ti
v
e
ele
m
e
n
t
s
to
cr
ea
t
e
la
m
in
ar
f
lo
w
i
n
a
b
r
ea
th
in
g
cir
c
u
itr
y
[
3
]
,
[
5
]
,
w
h
ile
th
e
Ve
n
tu
r
i
’
s
p
r
in
cip
le
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
e
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
ai
r
f
lo
w
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
w
id
e
s
ec
tio
n
to
n
ar
r
o
w
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
a
tu
b
e
in
its
b
r
ea
th
in
g
cir
cu
i
t
[
6
]
-
[
7
]
.
No
te
th
at,
th
e
Ven
t
u
r
i
s
en
s
in
g
o
b
e
y
s
th
e
B
er
n
o
u
lli
’
s
t
h
eo
r
e
m
b
y
co
n
s
tr
i
ctio
n
t
h
e
air
f
lo
w
i
n
t
u
b
e
w
h
ic
h
w
i
ll r
es
u
lt
in
p
r
ess
u
r
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
to
p
r
o
f
ile
lu
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
p
atie
n
ts
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
in
h
ale
a
n
d
ex
h
ale
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
m
o
u
t
h
p
iece
w
i
th
w
h
ate
v
er
ef
f
o
r
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
NI
sb
RIO
b
o
a
rd
F
l
o
w
S
e
n
s
o
r
Pre
s
s
u
r
e
S
e
n
s
o
r
Data
A
c
q
u
i
s
i
ti
o
n
G
rap
h
i
c
al
Us
e
r
In
te
rfac
e
(
L
ab
V
IE
W
)
A
i
r
M
o
u
t
h
p
iec
e
Diff
e
r
e
n
ti
a
l
p
re
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re
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n
so
r
(M
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XV
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L
a
b
V
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A
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r
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66
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68
I
n
b
r
ief
,
a
s
p
ir
o
m
eter
t
h
at
u
s
e
s
Ven
t
u
r
i
’
s
p
r
in
cip
le,
m
u
s
t
o
b
tain
t
h
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
n
ar
r
o
w
an
d
w
id
e
s
ec
t
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
t
u
b
e
u
s
i
n
g
a
tr
a
n
s
d
u
ce
r
,
s
e
n
t
t
h
e
v
al
u
es
to
a
m
p
li
f
ier
s
a
n
d
t
h
en
to
t
h
e
m
icr
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
[
8
]
f
o
r
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
air
f
lo
w
r
ea
ch
es
t
h
e
s
m
aller
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
s
p
ee
d
b
ec
o
m
e
s
h
i
g
h
er
,
h
e
n
ce
lo
w
p
r
ess
u
r
e
is
e
x
er
ted
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
ese
t
w
o
s
ec
tio
n
s
ca
n
g
e
n
er
ate
a
f
lo
w
r
ate
Q,
g
i
v
en
b
y
:
√
(
)
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
ρ
i
s
air
d
e
n
s
it
y
i
n
k
g
/
m
3
,
A
1
is
t
h
e
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
tu
b
e’
s
lar
g
e
ar
ea
,
A
2
is
t
h
e
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
t
u
b
e’
s
n
ar
r
o
w
ar
ea
,
P
1
is
th
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
at
lar
g
e
tu
b
e’
s
ar
ea
an
d
P
2
is
th
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
at
n
ar
r
o
w
t
u
b
e’
s
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
B
y
k
n
o
w
i
n
g
th
e
f
lo
w
r
ate,
th
e
v
o
l
u
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
h
ala
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
.
T
h
e
lu
n
g
s
’
v
o
lu
m
e
is
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
y
i
n
te
g
r
ati
n
g
f
l
o
w
r
ate
o
v
er
ti
m
e.
∫
)
(
2
)
Dif
f
er
en
t
s
ec
tio
n
s
d
ia
m
e
ter
is
b
u
ilt
to
f
ac
i
litate
la
m
i
n
ar
f
lo
w
as
an
i
n
itiat
iv
e
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
a
f
u
ll
f
lo
w
o
f
p
atien
t
’
s
ex
h
alatio
n
.
T
h
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
iam
e
ter
o
f
a
s
p
ir
o
m
eter
m
o
u
t
h
p
iece
is
2
.
5
4
cm
,
3
.
1
8
c
m
,
an
d
3
.
8
1
cm
[
7
]
.
Ou
r
d
i
g
ital
s
p
ir
o
m
eter
d
esi
g
n
is
u
s
in
g
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
2
.
6
cm
d
ia
m
eter
f
o
r
A
1
f
o
r
a
f
lo
w
v
elo
cit
y
o
f
3
3
.
3
m
/
s
an
d
1
.
1
cm
d
ia
m
eter
f
o
r
A
2.
B
y
u
s
in
g
f
o
r
m
u
la
i
n
(
1
)
,
th
e
s
p
ir
o
m
eter
ca
n
ac
h
ie
v
e
a
li
n
ea
r
f
lo
w
-
p
r
ess
u
r
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
w
h
ic
h
m
ea
n
s
it
c
an
g
e
n
er
ate
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
le
v
al
u
e
th
a
n
t
h
e
Fleis
ch
tu
b
e
o
r
Ven
tu
r
i
tu
b
e
th
at
h
as
f
i
x
ed
d
ia
m
eter
s
e
ctio
n
s
[
2
].
T
h
e
MP
XV7
0
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DP
p
r
ess
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r
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en
s
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r
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u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
is
d
esi
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id
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h
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ato
r
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ce
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h
e
9
V
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atter
y
to
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V
v
o
lta
g
e
s
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p
p
l
y
s
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th
a
t
t
h
e
p
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r
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m
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Gr
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Fig
u
r
e
2
.
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h
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b
r
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a
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ts
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ata
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ith
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L
ab
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t
Sin
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6
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p
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NI
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ed
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p
u
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p
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1
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p
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3
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Sig
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r
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6
3
6
as sh
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g
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r
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3
.
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at
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r
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r
ep
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ted
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[
10
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u
s
in
g
L
ab
VI
E
W
VI
(
Vir
tu
al
I
n
ter
f
ac
e)
.
Me
a
n
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h
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d
etail
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izatio
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eter
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d
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ar
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u
r
e
3
.
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p
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g
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eter
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m
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ic
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ter
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r
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FEV6
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r
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1
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1
1
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:
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ab
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1
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Fo
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m
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S
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l
c
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F
EV
1
a
n
d
F
EV
6
/
F
V
C
M
e
n
F
EV
1
{l
i
t
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r
s}
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(
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3
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h
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t
{
me
t
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r
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r
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0
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2
6
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g
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e
a
r
s}
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–
4
.
3
4
W
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m
e
n
F
EV
1
{l
i
t
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s}
=
(
3
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9
5
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e
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t
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me
t
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r
s}
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0
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0
2
5
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g
e
{y
e
a
r
s}
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–
2.
6
0
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EV
6
/
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V
C
{l
i
t
e
r
s}
=
(
4
.
4
3
×
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e
i
g
h
t
{
me
t
e
r
s}
)
–
(
0
.
0
2
6
×
a
g
e
{y
e
a
r
s}
)
–
2
.
8
9
As
t
h
e
FEV1
a
n
d
FEV6
v
alu
es
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
s
ize
o
f
a
l
u
n
g
,
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e
m
e
n
an
d
w
o
m
en
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
r
h
eig
h
t
w
ill
h
a
v
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
FEV1
an
d
FEV6
v
al
u
es
.
I
n
t
h
e
d
e
s
ig
n
ed
GUI
,
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
s
p
ir
o
m
etr
ic
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
p
r
ess
u
r
e
f
lo
w
,
v
elo
cit
y
a
n
d
v
o
lu
m
e,
w
ill
b
e
ca
lc
u
lated
an
d
w
ill
b
e
d
is
p
la
y
ed
in
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
g
r
ap
h
s
as
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ar
am
eter
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
[
10
]
.
A
t
f
ir
s
t,
u
s
er
p
ar
ticu
lar
s
s
u
ch
as
s
e
x
,
ag
e
an
d
h
eig
h
t
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
in
a
GUI
m
en
u
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
en
,
th
e
s
e
d
ata
w
i
ll
b
e
co
n
v
er
ted
i
n
to
in
te
g
er
n
u
m
b
er
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
co
m
p
ar
e
t
h
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
v
alu
e
w
it
h
t
h
e
co
n
s
tan
t
v
al
u
es
s
et
f
o
r
ea
ch
d
is
ea
s
e.
T
h
is
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
is
v
ital
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
FE
V1
/FEV6
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
al
u
es
wh
ich
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
k
in
d
o
f
r
esp
ir
ato
r
y
co
n
d
itio
n
t
h
e
p
atien
t
h
a
s
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
is
o
n
p
r
ed
icted
FEV
v
al
u
e
o
r
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
r
at
io
o
f
FE
V1
/FEV6
.
Du
r
in
g
b
r
ea
t
h
in
g
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
s
,
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
o
f
t
h
e
air
f
lo
w
wer
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
t
h
e
t
h
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
an
d
s
en
t
to
th
e
s
b
R
I
O
b
o
ar
d
.
T
h
en
th
e
s
i
g
n
als
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
w
er
e
co
n
v
er
ted
an
d
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
a
v
ed
in
s
b
R
I
O.
Fi
n
all
y
t
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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1
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Fig
u
r
e
4
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GUI
f
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Dis
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s
e
Di
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is
b
ased
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t d
ata
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eter
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r
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u
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ith
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ar
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ize
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e
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o
n
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e
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w
h
o
is
af
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ec
ted
b
y
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t
h
m
a
d
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n
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e
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b
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8
.
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e
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t
h
at
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h
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d
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e.
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n
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er
w
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r
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th
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atio
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e
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ec
r
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s
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th
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0
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8
,
it
m
ea
n
s
th
e
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e
v
er
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y
o
f
r
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ir
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d
is
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e
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
.
T
h
er
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o
r
e,
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
v
a
lu
e
f
o
r
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s
th
m
a
d
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e
w
as
s
e
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t
o
0
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8
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r
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0
%
.
Oth
er
w
is
e,
i
f
t
h
e
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er
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a
v
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n
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V
r
atio
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
0
.
8
,
it in
d
icate
s
th
e
u
s
er
h
a
s
n
o
r
m
a
l o
r
h
ea
lth
y
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n
g
s
.
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s
w
it
h
FEV/
FEV6
r
atio
less
t
h
an
0
.
7
o
r
p
er
ce
n
tag
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les
s
th
a
n
7
0
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e
y
m
ig
h
t
b
e
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f
ec
ted
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y
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OP
D.
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th
at,
it
is
n
o
r
m
al
an
d
p
o
s
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ib
le
to
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av
e
C
OP
D
an
d
asth
m
a
at
t
h
e
s
a
m
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e.
Si
m
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lar
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m
a,
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th
e
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e
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les
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itical
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h
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D
m
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t
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e.
B
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ch
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o
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th
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m
p
to
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r
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O
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ce
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atien
t
s
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h
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al
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e
m
i
g
h
t
b
e
d
iag
n
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ed
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a
v
e
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r
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n
ch
itis
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h
er
e
is
n
o
ex
ac
t
co
n
s
ta
n
t
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al
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e
to
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eter
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in
e
b
r
o
n
ch
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b
u
t
i
n
t
h
is
al
g
o
r
ith
m
,
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
FEV1
/FE
C
v
a
lu
e
w
a
s
s
et
to
0
.
6
5
o
r
6
5
%.
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te
th
at
p
atien
t
w
h
o
is
a
f
f
ec
ted
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y
ch
r
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n
ic
b
r
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n
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s
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n
al
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e
a
f
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ted
b
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m
a
a
n
d
C
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D
[1
1
]
.
On
th
e
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n
tr
ar
y
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lu
n
g
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ce
r
ca
n
n
o
t
b
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ac
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r
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etec
ted
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s
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ir
o
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etr
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t.
T
h
is
is
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ec
au
s
e,
to
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etec
t
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y
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n
ce
r
in
cl
u
d
i
n
g
l
u
n
g
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n
ce
r
,
p
atien
t
m
u
s
t
u
n
d
er
g
o
th
e
b
lo
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d
test
an
d
b
io
p
s
y
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r
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ce
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u
r
e
f
ir
s
t.
Nev
er
th
e
less
,
i
n
t
h
i
s
al
g
o
r
it
m
th
e
FEV1
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r
atio
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a
s
s
e
t
to
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.
3
f
o
r
u
s
er
s
to
b
e
s
u
s
p
ec
ted
s
u
f
f
er
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
lu
n
g
ca
n
ce
r
.
T
h
e
0
.
3
r
atio
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u
s
ed
to
p
o
tr
ay
a
s
e
v
er
e
n
u
m
b
er
f
o
r
r
esp
ir
ato
r
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f
u
n
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n
w
h
ic
h
m
ea
n
s
t
h
e
p
atie
n
t
m
i
g
h
t
s
u
f
f
er
f
r
o
m
l
u
n
g
ca
n
c
er
d
u
e
to
v
er
y
lo
w
v
al
u
e
o
f
FE
V1
.
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n
b
r
ief
,
t
h
e
GUI
w
i
ll
s
h
o
w
w
h
at
k
i
n
d
o
f
lu
n
g
co
n
d
itio
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e
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s
er
m
i
g
h
t
h
a
v
e
i.e
.
,
h
ea
lth
y
,
ast
h
m
a,
b
r
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n
ch
iti
s
,
C
OP
D
o
r
lu
n
g
ca
n
ce
r
.
T
o
test
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
ali
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o
f
th
e
d
is
ea
s
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ch
ar
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ter
izatio
n
al
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o
r
ith
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a
b
r
ea
th
i
n
g
test
w
as
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
th
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v
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l
u
n
teer
s
w
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th
d
if
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er
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t
r
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ato
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itio
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)
.
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h
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lc
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late
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an
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la
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ed
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ab
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W
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.
Fig
u
r
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5
.
L
ab
Vie
w
Vir
t
u
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I
n
t
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f
ac
e
(
VI
)
f
o
r
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
o
f
r
esp
ir
ato
r
y
d
is
ea
s
e
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
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n
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E
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2502
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4752
C
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in
[
10
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2
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Flo
w
v
s
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n
d
3
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Vo
lu
m
e
v
s
T
i
m
e.
B
y
u
s
i
n
g
FEV1
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r
atio
,
r
esp
ir
ato
r
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p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
ca
n
b
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ca
teg
o
r
ized
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h
e
th
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clas
s
i
f
ica
tio
n
s
tu
d
ied
in
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
ject
ar
e
h
ea
lth
y
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d
t
w
o
o
b
s
tr
u
ct
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e
d
is
ea
s
es,
a
s
th
m
a
an
d
b
r
o
n
ch
itis
.
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te
t
h
at
th
e
r
atio
o
f
FEV1
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V6
f
r
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m
Vo
lu
m
e
v
s
T
i
m
e
cu
r
v
e
is
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s
ed
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
lu
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
u
s
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n
g
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
b
elo
w
:
(
3
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Fro
m
t
h
e
r
es
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lt
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i
n
[
10
]
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
t
h
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th
e
Vo
lu
m
e
v
s
T
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e
p
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o
f
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
v
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lu
n
t
ee
r
s
g
a
v
e
s
i
m
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n
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en
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o
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r
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u
t
w
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h
d
if
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er
e
n
t
v
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lu
e
s
.
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h
e
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atio
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ap
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atel
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4
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o
r
th
e
h
ea
lth
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as
th
m
atic
a
n
d
th
e
b
r
o
n
ch
iti
s
v
o
lu
n
teer
s
r
esp
ec
ti
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el
y
(
Fig
u
r
e
6
-
8
)
.
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n
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ch
f
i
g
u
r
e,
t
h
e
GUI
(
g
r
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n
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
)
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
e
d
etail
s
o
f
ea
c
h
v
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l
u
n
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n
d
th
e
ca
lc
u
late
d
FEV1
an
d
FEV6
,
FEV1
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r
atio
,
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
v
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e
s
o
f
d
is
ea
s
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t
h
r
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ld
with
r
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h
t
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d
a
g
e,
a
n
d
th
e
d
iag
n
o
s
is
o
f
th
e
r
esp
ir
at
o
r
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co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
I
t
ca
n
also
b
e
in
f
er
r
ed
th
at
th
e
air
v
o
lu
m
e
ex
h
aled
b
y
th
e
v
o
lu
n
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s
at
t=1
s
a
n
d
t=6
s
r
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lted
w
it
h
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
v
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e
s
o
f
w
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h
ca
n
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lect
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h
e
l
u
n
g
v
o
lu
m
e
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ch
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o
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.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
R
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lt f
o
r
Vo
lu
n
teer
A
(
Hea
lt
h
y
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
R
esu
lt f
o
r
Vo
lu
n
teer
B
(
Su
s
p
ec
ted
f
o
r
A
s
th
m
a)
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t
e
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o
r
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o
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e
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u
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r
B
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r
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e
(
y
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EV
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s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
18
:
66
–
73
72
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
R
esu
lt f
o
r
Vo
lu
n
teer
C
(
Su
s
p
ec
ted
f
o
r
B
r
o
n
ch
itis
)
R
es
u
lts
p
o
r
tr
ay
ed
in
t
h
ese
G
UI
s
w
er
e
ca
lc
u
lated
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
is
GUI
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
f
ac
il
i
tate
u
s
er
s
to
id
en
ti
f
y
t
h
eir
r
esp
ir
ato
r
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co
n
d
itio
n
s
a
n
d
also
ca
n
b
e
ea
r
ly
d
iag
n
o
s
i
s
o
f
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
w
h
e
th
er
u
s
e
r
s
n
ee
d
to
co
n
s
u
l
t
m
ed
ical
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
al
s
o
r
n
o
t.
T
h
en
d
ata
o
f
t
h
e
FEV1
/FE
V6
r
atio
s
f
o
r
all
v
o
l
u
n
tee
r
s
w
er
e
p
lo
tted
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
R
esp
ir
ato
r
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
id
en
tif
ied
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
FEV1
/FEV6
r
atio
d
is
tin
ct
iv
el
y
w
it
h
th
e
h
ea
lt
h
y
v
o
lu
n
teer
h
as
t
h
e
h
ig
h
e
s
t
FEV1
v
al
u
es
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
o
th
er
v
o
lu
n
teer
s
w
ith
a
s
th
m
a
a
n
d
b
r
o
n
ch
it
is
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
r
a
n
g
e
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m
a
x
i
m
u
m
a
n
d
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
v
al
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es)
o
f
FEV1
is
b
ig
g
er
t
h
an
t
h
e
FEV6
ca
n
in
d
icate
th
a
t
f
o
r
ce
u
s
ed
f
o
r
ex
h
alatio
n
at
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e
t=1
is
cr
u
cial
to
g
i
v
e
b
etter
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is
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ct
io
n
b
et
w
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n
h
ea
lt
h
y
a
n
d
p
r
o
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le
m
atic
l
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n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
t
h
an
at
t
h
e
en
d
o
f
th
e
in
h
alatio
n
o
r
at
t=6
o
f
d
e
ep
in
h
alatio
n
.
Vo
lu
n
teer
A
h
a
s
lar
g
er
FEV1
an
d
FEV6
co
m
p
ar
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to
v
o
lu
n
teer
B
an
d
C
.
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atien
t
C
w
h
o
s
u
s
p
ec
ted
to
h
av
e
p
o
o
r
lu
n
g
’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
te
n
d
s
to
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av
e
lo
w
er
v
o
lu
m
e
-
ti
m
e
g
r
ap
h
d
u
e
to
s
m
a
ll
v
o
lu
m
e
o
f
a
ir
i
n
s
id
e
h
er
l
u
n
g
s
.
As
a
w
h
o
le,
t
h
ese
r
esu
lts
also
ca
n
be
u
s
ed
as
t
h
e
p
r
o
o
f
o
f
co
n
c
ep
t
th
at
th
e
d
esig
n
ed
p
o
r
tab
le
s
p
ir
o
m
eter
ca
n
d
is
t
in
g
u
is
h
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
in
lu
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
r
es
u
lts
ar
e
also
in
a
g
r
ee
m
e
n
t
w
it
h
liter
at
u
r
e
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
n
o
r
m
al
v
al
u
e
o
f
FEV1
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r
atio
f
o
r
a
h
ea
lth
y
p
er
s
o
n
m
u
s
t
b
e
h
ig
h
er
t
h
an
8
0
p
er
ce
n
t
[
8
]
.
H
en
ce
,
an
y
v
al
u
es
t
h
at
ar
e
b
elo
w
8
0
p
er
ce
n
t
ca
n
b
e
ca
teg
o
r
ized
as
ab
n
o
r
m
a
l
o
r
u
n
h
ea
lt
h
y
lu
n
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Fo
r
f
u
r
th
er
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
h
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
m
o
r
e
test
i
n
g
s
o
n
u
s
er
s
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
en
s
u
r
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cc
u
r
ac
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n
d
p
r
ec
is
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
a
s
w
ell
as
to
cr
ea
t
e
a
d
atab
ase
o
f
t
h
e
s
p
ir
o
m
eter
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
FEV
1
/FEV6
r
atio
s
f
r
o
m
d
ata
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
d
ig
ital sp
ir
o
m
et
er
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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N:
2502
-
4752
C
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R
I
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6
-
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4
9
8
)
.
T
h
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au
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o
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s
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ld
also
l
ik
e
t
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t
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r
a
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t.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
L
.
Dh
iv
i
y
a
lak
sh
m
i,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
L
a
b
v
i
e
w Ba
s
e
d
Ex
h
a
latio
n
M
o
n
it
o
ri
n
g
S
y
st
e
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
me
n
ts
in
Res
e
a
rc
h
&
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l/
is
su
e
:
2
(6
)
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
]
Ca
rsp
e
c
k
e
n
C
.
W
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
e
leS
p
iro
:
A
lo
w
-
c
o
st
m
o
b
il
e
sp
iro
m
e
ter
f
o
r
re
so
u
rc
e
-
li
m
it
e
d
s
e
tt
in
g
s
,”
i
n
c
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
p
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s o
f
Po
i
n
t
-
of
-
Ca
re
He
a
lt
h
c
a
re
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
(
PHT
)
,
p
p
.
1
4
4
-
1
4
7
,
2
0
1
3
.
[3
]
A
lejo
s
P
.
R
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Dig
it
a
l
sp
ir
o
m
e
ter
w
it
h
Lab
V
iew
in
terf
a
c
e
,”
i
n
c
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
p
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
1
8
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
Co
m
mu
n
ica
t
io
n
s a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
s
, p
p.
105
-
1
1
0
,
2
0
0
8
.
[4
]
K.
N.
Ra
o
a
n
d
N.
V
.
Re
d
d
y
,
“
Hu
m
a
n
Da
ta
A
c
q
u
isit
io
n
t
h
ro
u
g
h
Bi
o
m
e
tri
c
s u
sin
g
L
a
b
V
IEW
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
7
(
1
),
p
p
.
2
2
5
-
2
2
9
,
2
0
1
7
.
[5
]
S
o
d
h
i
I
.
G
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
G
UI
f
o
r
S
p
iro
m
e
ter
a
n
d
C
a
lcu
latio
n
o
f
d
if
fe
re
n
t
S
p
iro
m
e
tr
ic
P
a
ra
m
e
t
e
rs
,”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
c
ien
ti
fi
c
&
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
6
(
6
)
,
2
0
1
5
.
[6
]
Ka
rth
ik
e
y
a
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
No
v
e
l
M
e
th
o
d
o
f
Im
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
S
p
ir
o
m
e
ter
Us
in
g
A
n
d
ro
id
,
”
IJ
RE
T
:
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Res
e
a
rc
h
in
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
3
(
3
)
,
2
0
1
4
.
[7
]
R.
Ca
rta,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
Diffe
re
n
ti
a
l
P
re
ss
u
re
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
to
S
p
iro
m
e
tr
y
,”
i
n
c
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
p
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
IE
EE
Bi
o
me
d
ica
l
Circ
u
it
s a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
,
2
0
0
7
.
[8
]
A
l
m
e
n
M
.
J
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
NI
L
a
b
V
IE
W
b
a
se
d
b
re
a
th
in
g
t
ra
in
e
r
w
it
h
b
io
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
a
n
d
p
leth
y
s
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
,”
i
n
c
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
p
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s o
2
0
1
4
IEE
E
Reg
io
n
1
0
(
T
ENCON)
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
4
.
[9
]
J.
G
o
n
z
a
les
,
“
S
p
iro
m
e
ter De
m
o
w
it
h
F
re
e
sc
a
le M
icro
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
rs,”
Re
v
.
1
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
0
]
Ib
ra
h
im
S
.
N.,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
P
o
rta
b
le
Di
g
it
a
l
S
p
i
ro
m
e
te
r
Us
in
g
NI
sb
RIO
,”
i
n
c
o
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