Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No.
1
,
A
pr
il
201
9
, p
p.
436
~
442
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
4
.i
1
.pp
436
-
442
436
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Interfac
e design
featur
es of mobi
le app
lication
for senio
r citizen
s
Natr
ah
Ab
d
ull
ah
,
Nu
r
F
arahin binti
A
b
d
ul Ham
id
Facul
t
y
of
Com
pute
r and
Ma
them
at
ic
a
l
Sci
ences,
Univer
si
ti Te
kn
ologi
MA
RA,
S
hah
Alam,
Mal
a
y
sia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Oct
22
, 201
8
Re
vised
Dec
10, 2
018
Accepte
d Dec
2
5,
2018
Rea
ding
Al
-
Quran
is
one
of
spir
it
ual
a
ct
iv
it
i
es
a
nd
as
for
Mus
lim
s,
and
t
h
e
y
bel
i
eve
d
God
would
re
ward
t
hose
who
re
ad
and
pra
ctic
e
it.
In
orde
r
to
dedi
c
at
e
re
m
ai
n
i
ng
y
ea
rs
of
thei
r
li
fe
to
God
an
d
to
bring
peac
e
of
m
ind,
m
ost
of
the
seni
or
ci
tizens
are
spending
their
tim
e
doing
spirit
ual
activities
such
as
re
ci
t
ing
Al
-
Quran.
W
it
h
the
adva
nc
ement
of
t
ec
hnolog
y
,
t
he
source
s
of
Al
-
Quran
are
al
so
cha
nging
.
The
re
are
m
an
y
Al
-
Quran
appl
i
c
at
ion
be
ing
deve
lop
ed
in
th
e
m
ark
et
and
c
a
n
be
download
and
install
ea
sil
y
in
m
obil
e
devi
c
es
such
as
s
m
art
phone.
How
eve
r,
the
appl
i
ca
t
ion
tha
t
have
been
deve
lop
ed
oft
en
ignore
d
n
ee
ds
and
li
m
itat
ion
o
f
senior
users,
t
hat
c
ausing
the
m
to
fe
el
un
e
ase
to
use
the
m
obil
e
app
lication
.
Henc
e
,
th
e
pur
pose
of
thi
s
stud
y
is
to inve
st
iga
t
e
th
e
user int
erf
ace
d
esign
pri
nci
pl
es
of
m
obile
Al
-
Quran
appl
i
ca
t
ion
for
senior
citizens.
For
thi
s
purpose,
the
stud
y
has
c
onduct
ed
a
li
te
r
at
ur
e
re
v
ie
w
,
intervi
ew
sess
ion
usabil
i
t
y
stud
y
,
the
user
in
te
rf
ac
e
design
princ
iples
were
i
dent
ified.
Us
ing
the
principle
s
,
th
is
stud
y
propose
d
a
m
obil
e
appl
i
ca
t
ion
and
an
observa
t
ion
h
as
bee
n
condu
cted
with
th
e
seni
or
ci
tizens
as
a
val
i
d
at
ion
of
t
he
princ
iples.
Vali
d
at
ion
is
base
d
on
usabil
ity
e
val
ua
ti
on
on
eff
ective
n
ess,
e
ffic
i
ency
and
sati
sfac
ti
on.
Th
e
re
sul
ts
show
that
th
e
appl
i
ca
t
ion
is
sati
sfa
ct
or
y
and
usable
for
th
e
users.
In
future,
the
sam
e
re
sea
rc
h
int
er
est
re
sea
rc
h
er
ca
n
expl
or
e
th
e
au
dio
and
navi
g
ating
in
the
int
erf
ac
e
b
y
aud
io
comm
ands.
The
prototy
pe
co
uld
be
extende
d
to
m
ee
t
the
nee
ds
of
senior
ci
tizens
tha
t
h
avi
ng
the
probl
em
such
as
Par
kinson
and
Alzhe
imer
d
iseas
e.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
In
te
r
face
desi
gn
Mob
il
e a
pp
li
ca
ti
on
Senior
ci
ti
zen
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Natra
h Abd
ullah,
Faculty
of Com
pu
te
r
an
d
Ma
them
a
ti
cal
Scie
nces,
Un
i
ver
sit
i Te
knol
og
i M
ARA
,
40000 S
hah A
l
a
m
, Mal
ay
sia
.
Em
a
il
:
natrah@t
m
sk
.u
itm
.ed
u.m
y
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
In
t
he
new
e
r
a
an
d
te
ch
no
l
og
y,
m
any
m
ob
il
e
a
pp
li
cat
ion
s
we
re
devel
op
e
d
ra
pid
ly
.
A
m
ob
il
e
app
li
cat
io
n
is
a
program
that
sp
eci
fical
ly
bu
il
t
and
in
sta
ll
in
a
sm
artph
one,
iPa
d,
ta
ble
t
PC
and
oth
e
r
s
an
d
connecte
d
us
i
ng
wire
d
or
wireless
net
w
ork.
T
he
software
is
sm
all
and
quic
k
t
o
down
l
oad
a
nd
update.
Gadgets
li
ke
s
m
artphon
es
a
r
e
popula
r
am
on
g
c
hildr
e
n
a
nd
te
ena
ger
s
.
N
um
ber
s
of
m
ob
il
e
phone
us
e
rs
in
Ma
la
ysi
a
are
r
apidly
increase
s
becau
se
of
th
e
evo
luti
on
in
te
le
com
m
un
ic
ation
in
our
c
ountry.
Ba
sed
on
stud
y
of
the
t
rend
of
sm
artph
on
e
a
nd
it
s
us
age
behavio
r
in
Ma
la
ysi
a
in
2012,
85
%
of
Ma
la
ysi
ans
a
re
repo
rted
own
m
ob
il
e
ph
ones
[1
]
.
A
nd
am
on
g
t
he
po
pu
la
t
ion
ar
e
seni
or
ci
ti
zen
us
ers.
The
usa
ge
of
the
te
chnolo
gy
no
t
lim
it
ed
to
their
daily
li
fe
but
to
achie
ve
s
uc
cessf
ul
agein
g.
Sm
artph
one
be
com
es
a
cru
ci
al
in
their
daily
li
fe
because
it
al
lo
ws
them
to
co
m
m
un
ic
at
e
with
fam
il
y
and
fr
ie
nds
,
th
us
m
ake
them
m
or
e
i
ndepe
nde
nt
an
d
secur
e
[
2].
Howev
e
r,
m
os
t
of
the
se
nior
ci
ti
zens
of
te
n
faci
ng
decli
ni
ng
of
physi
cal
and
m
ental
abili
ti
e
s
due
to
agein
g
facto
r,
causin
g
the
confide
nce
le
vel
to
us
e
m
ob
il
e
dev
ic
es
su
ch
as
a
sm
artph
on
e
re
du
ce
d.
Con
se
quently
,
this
resea
rc
h
will
stud
y
ab
out
I
nter
face
D
esi
gn
of
M
ob
i
le
Al
-
Qura
n
A
pp
li
cat
io
n
f
or
Senior
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
In
te
rface
d
e
sig
n
fe
at
ur
es
of
m
ob
il
e
applicati
on for
sen
i
or
ci
ti
zens
(
Natra
h Ab
du
ll
ah
)
437
Ci
ti
zens.
Al
-
Q
ur
a
n
is
sacred,
the
m
os
t
reli
a
ble
and
unc
ha
ng
e
d
bo
ok
f
rom
Alla
h
since
it
s
rev
el
at
ion
over
14
centu
ries
[
3].
People
rea
d
A
l
-
Q
ur
a
n
us
in
g
conve
ntio
nal
read
i
ng
m
et
hod,
wh
ic
h
is
pri
nted
ver
si
on
cal
le
d
Mush
a
f.
Re
a
din
g
Al
-
Qura
n
is
on
e
of
sp
irit
ual
act
ivit
ie
s
and
as
f
or
Mu
slim
s,
and
they
beli
eved
G
od
woul
d
rew
a
rd
th
os
e who
r
ead
a
nd
p
r
act
ic
e
it
.
In
ord
er
to
de
dicat
e
la
st
ye
ars
of
the
ir
li
fe
to
God
a
nd
to b
ri
ng
p
ea
ce
of
m
ind
,
m
os
t
of
the
senio
r
ci
ti
z
ens
are
sp
e
nding
thei
r
tim
e
do
in
g
sp
irit
ual
a
ct
ivit
ie
s
su
ch
as
read
in
g
Al
-
Q
ura
n
[4
]
.
W
it
h
t
he
adv
a
ncem
ent
of
te
chn
ol
ogy,
th
e
conven
ti
on
al
read
in
g
of
Al
-
Qura
n
is
al
so
changin
g.
T
he
r
e
are
m
any
Al
-
Qura
n
ap
plica
ti
on
be
ing
de
velo
pe
d
in
the
m
ark
et
and
ca
n
be
do
wn
l
oad
a
nd
in
sta
ll
easily
in
m
ob
il
e
dev
ic
es
su
c
h
a
s
sm
artph
one.
Howe
ver,
the
current
a
ppli
cat
ion
t
hat
ha
ve
been
de
velo
pe
d
of
te
n
ig
nore
d
nee
ds
and
li
m
it
a
ti
on
of
se
nior
ci
ti
zens
us
ers
,
that
c
ausin
g
them
to
feel
unease
to
us
e
the
m
ob
il
e
app
li
cat
io
n
[
4].
[
2]
Stat
e,
there
ar
e
sever
al
a
ging
sym
pto
m
s
m
ake
senio
rs
us
er
feel
unea
se
to
us
e
t
he
app
li
cat
ion
i
n
the
sm
artph
on
e
du
e
to
visio
n
i
m
pairm
ent,
m
oto
r
diff
ic
ulti
es
and
ba
d
pe
rce
ption
a
bout
sm
art
phone.
I
n
a
stu
dy
by
[5
]
, m
os
t of
th
e seniors are
s
uffer
i
ng
visio
n im
pair
m
ent esp
eci
al
ly
w
hen
read
i
ng. Th
is
unhealt
hy sce
na
rio
will
cause
the
ga
ps
betwee
n
se
nio
r
ci
ti
zen
s
a
nd
the
us
a
ge
of
m
ob
il
e
app
li
cat
ion
in
t
heir
da
il
y
li
ves.
In
orde
r
to
su
pp
or
t
this
pr
ob
le
m
,
the
intervie
w
has
bee
n
condu
ct
e
d
with
nin
e
(9)
pe
ople
of
se
nior
ci
ti
zens,
w
hich
c
on
sist
of
five
(5)
fe
m
al
e
and
f
our
(4)
m
al
e
in
M
anju
ng,
Pe
rak.
Thro
ugh
t
he
inter
v
ie
w
sessi
on,
m
os
t
of
th
e
seni
or
ci
ti
zens
face
d
pro
blem
s
wh
en
us
in
g
the
cu
rr
e
nt
ap
plica
ti
on,
wh
ic
h
is
i
Qura
n,
wh
ic
h
sh
ows
that
the
curre
nt
app
li
cat
io
n
is,
ignore
d
ne
eds
and
li
m
i
ta
ti
on
of
se
nior
ci
ti
zens.
T
he
iss
ues
are
i)
dif
ficult
y
to
read
the
t
ext
in
the
ap
plica
ti
on
due
to
sm
al
l
siz
e
of
f
on
t
us
e
d,
ii
)
Size
an
d
desig
n
of
grap
hics
sym
bo
ls,
ic
on
an
d
la
bels
in
this
app
li
cat
io
n
is
sm
a
ll
,
iii)
So
m
e
design
of
grap
hics
sy
m
bo
ls,
ic
on
a
nd
la
bels
in
t
his
ap
plica
ti
on
is
no
t
unde
rstan
dab
le
b
y seni
or
cit
iz
ens,
a
nd iv)
t
he
u
sag
e of b
ac
kgr
ound c
olo
r
is
n
ot s
uitable
fo
r
the se
nior cit
iz
ens.
Th
us
,
f
uth
e
r
st
ud
y
on
s
uitabl
e
U
I
featu
res
need
to
be
c
onduct
ed
in
or
de
r
to
pr
opos
e
a
us
a
ble
platfo
rm
fo
r
senio
r
ci
ti
zens
of
us
in
g
m
ob
il
e
app
li
cat
io
n.
This
stu
dy
will
help
th
e
resea
rch
e
r
to
get
cl
os
el
y
with
se
ni
or
s
i
n
order
t
o
identi
fy
issues
face
d
by
senio
r
ci
ti
zens
w
he
n
us
i
ng
cu
rr
e
nt
Mo
bi
le
Al
-
Quran
app
li
cat
io
n,
w
hich
is
iQuran
.
Ne
xt,
from
this
research
t
he
resea
rch
e
r
ca
n
get
the
re
qu
i
rem
e
nt
f
or
Al
-
Qura
n
m
ob
il
e
app
li
cat
ion
needs
by
the
s
enio
r
ci
ti
zens.
This
will
help
the
researc
he
r
to
dev
el
op
an
Al
-
Q
uran
m
ob
il
e
app
li
cat
io
n
that
hav
e
a
su
it
a
ble
interface
desi
gn
that
ta
il
or
e
d
to
senior
ci
ti
zens
nee
d
an
d
their
abili
ti
es.
Last
ly
,
the
us
abili
ty
of
pro
po
se
d
ap
pl
ic
at
ion
is
being
e
valuate
to
th
e
seni
or
ci
ti
zens
in
te
rm
of
eff
ect
iv
eness,
ef
fici
en
cy
and
sat
isfact
ion
.
F
r
om
this
us
abili
ty
evaluati
on
,
we
can
identif
y
wh
et
her
the
pro
po
se
d
ap
plica
ti
on
is
sat
isfact
or
y
and usa
ble
for t
he
ta
r
get u
s
ers
.
2.
LIT
ERATUR
E REVIE
W
2.1. Seni
or Citiz
en
Nowa
days,
th
e
agin
g
popula
t
ion
or
known
as
senio
r
ci
ti
zen
po
pu
la
ti
on
is
increasin
gly
gro
wing.
In
Ma
la
ysi
a,
senior
ci
ti
zens
are
tho
se
w
ho
are
60
ye
ars
a
nd
a
bove
with
the
aver
a
ge
li
fe
e
xpect
ancy
for
m
al
e
is
72.3
ye
ars
a
nd
77.
2
f
or
fem
al
e.
I
n
20
12,
M
al
ay
sia
’s
total
popul
at
ion
of
senio
r
ci
ti
zens
was
8.2%
f
rom
the
total
popula
ti
on
of
the
c
ount
ry
(
2.4
m
illi
on
out
of
29.
34
m
illi
on
).
Like
m
any
oth
e
r
c
ount
ries
al
l
ove
r
th
e
world
,
Ma
la
ysi
a
al
so
e
xp
e
rien
ci
ng
t
he
ra
pid
grow
t
h
of
seni
or
ci
ti
zens
due
to
decli
ni
ng
fe
r
ti
lity
and
lo
nge
r
li
fe
exp
ect
a
ncy
[
6]
.
E
xp
ect
e
d
by
2030,
Ma
la
ysi
a
will
be
in
t
he
cat
eg
or
y
of
the
a
gein
g
nations
wit
h
m
or
e
tha
n
15%
of
t
he
po
pu
la
ti
on
is
sen
ior
ci
ti
zens
[
5].
W
it
h
the
inc
r
easi
ng
nu
m
ber
of
agi
ng
popu
la
ti
on
s,
go
vern
m
ent
needs
to
m
ake
a
wise
strat
e
gy
in
order
to
m
ake
them
li
ve
bette
r
an
d
ha
pp
ie
r
in
a
c
ou
ntry.
The
strat
egy
is
a
cru
ci
al
to
e
nsu
re
them
li
ve
ind
epe
ndently
an
d
achie
ve
a
good
qual
it
y
of
li
fe.
Acc
ordi
ng
t
o
[
7],
the
re
are
thre
e
ty
pes
of
se
nior
ci
ti
zens:
fit,
frai
l
and
disa
ble
d.
Fit
seni
or
ci
ti
zens
not
c
ons
iderin
g
t
hem
se
lves
as
disa
ble
d
bu
t
whose
f
un
ct
io
nalit
y,
needs
and
wa
nts
t
o
tho
se
they
ha
d
wh
e
n
t
hey
wer
e
yo
unger.
Fr
ai
l
se
nior
ci
ti
zens
consi
der
e
d
as
hav
e
one
or
m
or
e
disa
bili
ti
es.
They
al
so
ha
ve
th
e
gen
e
ral
re
du
ct
ion
in
t
heir
oth
e
r
functi
onal
it
ie
s.
An
d
disa
bled
per
s
on
w
ho
grow
old
e
r
poss
esses
a
long
-
te
rm
disabili
t
y
t
hat
hav
e
a
ff
ect
ed
the
agein
g process
Ag
i
ng
ca
us
es
m
any
pr
oble
m
s
on
m
ental
healt
h
[8
]
su
ch
as
an
in
abili
ty
to
generate
ideas
,
rem
e
m
ber
ing
,
thin
k
an
d
f
ocu
s
.
Accor
ding
to
[9
]
,
it
inv
ol
ves
at
te
ntion
proc
ess,
w
orkin
g
m
e
m
or
y
and
pro
blem
so
lvi
ng.
This
sit
uation
is
cal
le
d
agi
ng
a
nd
aff
ect
s
the
ab
il
it
y
to
le
arn
a
nd
m
e
m
or
y
loss
[
10
]
.
T
he
s
enio
r
ci
ti
zens
usual
ly
cannot
unde
rstan
d
th
e
a
pp
l
ic
at
ion
becau
s
e
the
a
ppli
cat
i
on
wa
s
desig
n
with
to
o
m
any
te
xt
,
br
i
gh
t
us
e
r
int
erf
ace
a
nd
diffi
cult
in
nav
iga
ti
on
s.
Howe
ve
r,
an
ef
fecti
ve
interface
hel
ps
the
senio
r
ci
ti
z
ens
us
in
g
the
ap
plica
ti
on
with
le
s
s
erro
rs
a
nd
co
nfusion
[11].
Wh
e
n
t
he
inte
r
face
of
t
he
m
ob
il
e
ap
plica
ti
on
was
desig
ne
d
po
or
l
y,
m
any
of
se
nior
ci
ti
zens
te
nd
t
o
blam
e
them
sel
ves
rather
t
han
t
he
a
pp
li
cat
io
n.
A
m
ob
ile
app
li
cat
io
n
wit
h
a
c
orrect
m
e
ntal
m
od
el
will
helps
t
he
se
ni
or
ci
ti
zen
us
e
r
s
a
lot
wh
e
n
usi
ng
t
he
a
pp
li
c
at
ion
.
Correct
m
ental
m
od
el
m
eans
the
a
pp
li
cat
io
n
is
de
velo
p
sim
i
la
r
to
s
om
et
hin
g
that
t
he
us
e
r
al
read
y
kn
e
w
i
n
th
e
past. T
hey
will
r
es
pond
bette
r
to
thi
ngs that
do ex
act
ly
to
what t
hey e
xpect
.
Fu
rt
her
m
or
e,
s
enio
r
ci
ti
zens
are
par
ti
cula
rly
at
risk
with
serio
us
visio
n
pro
blem
su
ch
as
decr
eas
e
sensiti
vity
to
colo
r
m
a
tc
hin
g,
diff
ic
ulty
fo
c
us
in
g
on
thi
ngs,
dec
rease
vis
ibil
it
y
in
the
da
rk
a
nd
se
ns
it
ivit
y
to
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
4
, N
o.
1
,
A
pr
il
201
9
:
436
–
442
438
glare
[12].
Te
nd
e
ncy
of
vis
ual
im
pair
m
ent
are
increa
ses
in
the
a
ge
of
50
an
d
a
bove
[13].
Ma
ny
of
senio
r
ci
ti
zens
nee
d
t
he
assist
a
nce of
bifocal
le
ns
es
.
T
hey
pref
er
re
d
th
e
la
r
ger
te
xt
an
d
the
bi
gge
r
ic
ons
in
t
he
m
ob
il
e
app
li
cat
io
n.
T
he
sm
all
te
xt
s
iz
es
cause
the
senio
r
ci
ti
zens
hard
on
rea
di
ng
t
hem
.
Even
with
the
co
rrec
ti
ve
le
ns
,
the
se
nio
r
ci
ti
zens
fo
un
d
that
is
har
d
to
read.
In
a
ddit
ion
,
ol
der
ey
e
on
ly
receives
1/3
of
li
ght
com
par
e
to
the
pe
ople
with
age
20s.
The
le
ns
col
or
is
s
li
gh
tl
y
ye
ll
ow
colo
r,
s
o
the
w
or
l
d’
s
c
olor
a
ppears
le
ss
bl
ue
.
Th
e
seni
or
ci
ti
zens
hav
e
a
li
m
i
ted
pe
rcep
ti
on
of
colo
r
w
hic
h
has
a
sho
rter
wav
el
e
ng
t
h
co
lor
li
ke
gree
n
and
blu
e
[10]
.
The
se
ni
or
ci
ti
zens
are
hard
to
disti
ng
uish
betwee
n
s
ub
tl
e
cha
nges
of
blu
e
a
nd
between
s
ha
des
of
a
red
and
pu
rp
le
.
A
ccordin
g
t
o
[14]
seni
or
ci
ti
ze
ns
ha
ve
le
ss
sensiti
vity
to
colo
r
c
on
t
rast
com
par
e
to
y
ounge
r
people.
2.2.
User I
nte
rfa
ce
D
esi
gn
Features
Desig
ning
a
good
inter
face
is
no
t
an
easy
ta
sk
[
15
]
.
T
here
are
m
any
step
s
to
be
unde
r
stood
in
ord
e
r
to
desi
gn
good
interfaces
.
T
he
se
inclu
des
use
r
’s
c
ha
racter
ist
ic
s
(f
or
exa
m
ple
ho
w
the
us
er
s
ees,
unde
rstan
d
and
t
hinks),
en
han
ci
ng
acce
pt
ance
an
d
c
om
pr
ehe
ns
io
n
of
use
rs
by
pr
ese
nta
ti
on
of
in
form
a
ti
on
vis
ually
and
t
o
con
t
ro
l
t
he
m
ov
em
ents
of
e
ye
s
and
ha
nds
to
re
duce
the
risk
of
in
jury
an
d
fati
gue
.
On
e
of
d
iffic
ul
ti
es
in
adoptio
n
m
ob
il
e
app
li
cat
ion
for
the
se
nior
ci
ti
zens
is
the
co
m
plexit
y
in
te
rm
of
interface d
esi
gn. A
cco
r
di
ng
to
[16].
sp
e
ci
al
interface
is
re
qu
i
red
t
o
be
desig
ned
f
or
se
nior
ci
ti
zens
for
m
or
e
e
ff
ic
ie
nt
da
il
y
us
e.
The
de
sign
sh
oul
d
f
ulfil
l
al
l
the
needs
by
the
se
nio
r
ci
ti
zens.
The
re
ar
e
so
m
e
sever
al
i
m
pr
ovem
ents
can
be
done
on
the
interface of the
m
ob
il
e app
li
cat
ion
for
se
nio
r
cit
iz
ens
to o
ve
rco
m
e the u
sab
il
ity i
ssu
es f
aced b
y seni
or
cit
iz
ens
wh
e
n
inte
racti
ng
with
m
ob
il
e
app
li
cat
io
n.
The
m
ai
n
probl
e
m
faced
by
t
he
se
nio
r
ci
ti
zens
is
visibil
it
y.
Ma
ny
of
se
nior
ci
ti
zens
ha
s
sho
rtsig
hted
ness
pro
ble
m
and
bl
urred
visio
n.
Most
of
the
e
xisti
ng
a
pp
li
cat
io
n
inter
faces
wer
e
desig
ne
d
base
d
on
the
su
it
abili
ty
of
use
rs
w
ho
do
not
ha
ve
a
ny
vi
sion
pro
blem
s
or
c
ogniti
ve
de
cl
ine
[10].
T
he
cha
r
act
erist
ic
s
of
i
nterf
ace
desi
gn
for
the
se
nior
ci
ti
zens
shou
l
d
in
li
ne
with
t
he
ir
le
vel
of
visi
bili
ty
.
Pr
e
vious st
ud
ie
s sug
gested
an
i
m
pr
ovem
ent o
n
te
xt
us
e
d, ch
oice of c
olor
use
d, an
d gr
a
phic
al
co
nte
nt
us
e
d.
Most
of
the
inf
or
m
at
ion
that
an
a
pp
li
cat
ion
needs
to
c
omm
un
ic
at
e
with
us
ers
usual
ly
c
arr
ie
s
ou
t
by
the
te
xt.
Acc
ordin
g
to
[
17
]
,
se
nior
ci
ti
zens
m
igh
t
gain
bette
r
perf
or
m
ance
with
te
xt
-
base
d
inter
face
c
om
par
ed
to
gr
a
phic
bas
ed
-
inter
face.
The
siz
e
of
th
e
te
xt
is
dep
en
den
t
on
the
re
s
olu
ti
on
of
dis
pl
ay
screen.
Ty
pical
ly
,
m
any
existi
ng
app
li
cat
ion
s
us
e
the
sm
all
siz
e
of
the
te
xt,
but
read
a
bl
e
by
the
no
r
m
al
hu
m
an
eye.
[18]
Re
viewe
d
a w
i
de
range o
f
res
earches
on
t
he
te
xt
cha
racteri
s
ti
cs
su
it
able
f
or
se
nior
ci
ti
zen
us
e
rs.
H
e
sug
ge
ste
d
that
a
su
it
able
font
f
or
the
se
ni
or
ci
ti
zen
us
e
r
s
are
sans
-
se
rif
fonts
in
siz
e
be
tween
12
-
14
po
i
nts,
s
hort
li
ne
an
d
le
ft
justi
fied
te
xt
to
hel
p
se
nio
r
ci
ti
zens
who
hav
e
po
or
vi
sibil
it
y
to
read.
The
sel
ect
ion
of
te
xt
al
s
o
im
portant
to
ens
ur
e
that
the
use
of
the
t
ext
ty
pe
is
not
conf
us
in
g
a
nd
cl
early
can
be
unde
rstood
by
senio
r
ci
ti
zen
us
er
s
[19].
Se
nior
ci
ti
zens
pr
e
fe
rr
e
d
sim
ple
te
xt
char
act
e
risti
cs
aff
ect
ed
f
ro
m
their
eve
ryday
read
i
ng
e
xper
ie
nce
su
c
h
as
ne
wspaper
s
,
m
agazines,
bo
oks
that
us
ua
ll
y
u
se
norm
al
te
xt
pr
es
entat
ion
[
10
]
.
[20]
I
n
his
res
ear
c
h
repor
te
d,
sta
ti
c
and
black
te
xt
is
su
it
able
f
or
senio
r
ci
ti
zen
us
ers
f
or
read
i
ng.
He
al
s
o
a
dded
t
hat
m
ov
in
g
te
xt
will
increase
t
he
co
gnit
ive
ef
fort
am
on
g
the
senio
r
ci
ti
zen
us
ers
an
d
m
igh
t
re
du
ce
t
he
r
eadin
g
perfor
m
ance
(sp
ee
d,
co
rr
ect
ness,
will
ingne
ss).
Ma
ny
of
s
enio
r
ci
ti
zens
sta
te
d
that
thei
r
ey
esi
ght
is
weak
e
ning,
de
xterit
y
and co
gnit
ive a
bili
ti
es are d
ec
reased
[2
1].
So
ft
c
olors
s
hould
be
us
e
d
in
the
ap
plica
ti
on
for
seni
or
ci
ti
zens.
T
his
is
be
cause
se
nior
c
it
iz
en
us
er
s
pro
ne
to
visio
n
prob
le
m
s
wh
e
n
deali
ng
with
colo
rs
that
are
too
bri
ght
[
10
]
.
Color
dif
fer
e
ntiat
ion
bet
we
en
the
con
te
nt
an
d
ba
ckgr
ound
c
olo
r
of
the
a
ppli
cat
ion
s
houl
d
be
c
ho
s
en
preci
sel
y
to
hi
gh
li
ght
t
he
te
xt
wa
nted
to
be
sh
ow
n
to
the
se
nior
ci
ti
zen
us
ers
.
I
n
a
stud
y
by
[
22]
sta
te
d
that
the
us
a
ge
of
dark
backgro
und
i
n
the
app
li
cat
io
n
f
or
senio
r
ci
ti
zens
would
re
du
ce
r
eadin
g
a
bili
ty
.
And
wh
it
e
bac
kgr
ound
will
gi
ve
a
bette
r
rea
ding.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
the
us
e
of
w
hite
colo
r
bac
kgr
ou
nd
i
n
a
n
a
pp
li
ca
ti
on
f
or
se
nio
r
ci
ti
zen
us
e
r
s
shou
l
d
be
av
oid
e
d.
Th
us
,
[
22]
sta
te
d
oran
ge
or
bri
ght
gr
ay
is
th
e
m
os
t
su
it
able
backgro
und
c
olor,
m
eanw
hil
e
black
an
d
w
hite
i
s
su
it
able f
or tex
t colo
r
f
or the
interf
ace
of t
he a
pp
li
cat
io
n
f
or
senio
r
ci
ti
zen
use
rs.
In
a
ddit
ion
,
gr
aph
ic
al
c
on
te
nt
shou
l
d
be
la
rge
and
cl
ear.
Stud
y
by
[
18
]
sta
te
d
that
the
us
e
of
releva
nt
gr
a
phic
s is m
or
e sig
nifica
nt than the
us
e
of
detai
le
d
dec
ora
ti
on
s. To
f
aci
li
ta
te
the r
ea
ding,
the inter
face s
hould
on
ly
dis
play
th
e
i
m
po
rtant
c
onte
nt
a
nd
rem
ov
e
ir
rele
va
nt
con
te
nt
from
the
app
li
cat
io
n
[
10
]
.
Acc
ordin
g
to
[
9]
the
le
ss
fu
nctio
n
in
the
m
ob
il
e
app
li
cat
ion
,
w
il
l
help
the
senior
ci
ti
zens
in
re
m
e
m
ber
ing
th
e
con
te
nt
an
d
m
ake
nav
i
gation ea
s
y.
Stud
y
f
ro
m
[23],
sta
te
d
that
the
sta
ndar
d
bu
tt
on
siz
e
for
an
app
li
cat
ion
for
senio
r
ci
ti
zen
s
sh
ould
be
19.05
2
.
The
st
ud
y
al
so
m
entione
d
it
is
i
m
portant
to
have
sp
ace
bet
we
en
the
bu
tt
ons
.
For
the
se
nior
ci
ti
zens
w
ho
hav
e
poor
hand
m
ov
em
ent
con
t
ro
l,
the
siz
e
rec
omm
end
e
d
is
16.
51
2
and
the
s
paci
ng
betwee
n
bu
tt
ons
3
.
17
to
6.3
5
m
m
.
Ho
we
ve
r,
for
t
he
se
ni
or
ci
ti
zens
w
ho
ha
ve
wea
k
ha
nds,
t
he
propose
d
bu
tt
on
siz
e
is
19.05
2
an
d
the
s
pacin
g
betwe
en
t
he
butt
ons
is
6.3
5
to
12.
7
m
m
.
Ther
e
is
al
so
a
st
ud
y
by
[9
]
sta
te
that
se
nior
ci
ti
zens
re
qu
i
re
the
good
siz
e
and
sp
aci
ng
betwee
n
the
bu
tt
ons
t
o
e
ns
ure
they
are
pus
hi
ng
the
rig
ht
bu
tt
ons.
Sm
al
l
design
ed
bu
tt
on
will
cause
seni
or
c
it
iz
ens
pr
ess
th
e
wrong
butt
on
.
He
al
so
a
dd
e
d
that
the
butt
on
s
s
houl
d
gi
ve
the
ta
ct
il
e
feed
bac
k
w
he
n
presse
d
as
a
sig
n
th
at
the
bu
tt
on
is
su
ccess
fu
ll
y
bein
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
In
te
rface
d
e
sig
n
fe
at
ur
es
of
m
ob
il
e
applicati
on for
sen
i
or
ci
ti
zens
(
Natra
h Ab
du
ll
ah
)
439
pr
ess
ed
.
Be
sid
es,
ever
y
butt
on
in
the
ap
plica
ti
on
f
or
seni
or
ci
ti
zens
sh
oul
d
ha
ve
te
xt
la
bel.
[25]
Me
ntion
that
te
xt
la
bel
will
help
seni
or
ci
ti
zens
a
l
ot
bec
ause
se
ni
or
ci
t
iz
ens
wan
t
t
o
be
c
onfide
nt
wh
at
t
he
res
ult
of
th
e
act
ion
, be
fore t
hey cli
ck
on th
e butt
on.
2.3. Us
ab
il
it
y
Fr
om
In
te
rn
at
i
on
al
Orga
nizat
ion
for
Stan
da
rd
(ISO
)
Sta
nd
ard
9241
-
11
(
1998)
,
usa
bili
ty
m
eans
the
pro
du
ct
ca
n
be
us
e
d
by
t
he
ta
rg
et
use
rs
t
o
achieve
t
he
s
pecified
goal
s
with
th
ree
m
easur
em
ent
w
hich
is,
eff
ect
ive
ness,
eff
ic
ie
ncy
a
nd
sat
isfact
ion
[26].
The
se
u
sab
il
ity
com
po
ne
nts
can
be
e
va
luate
d
a
nd
m
easur
e
d
(eit
her
form
al
l
y
or
in
f
or
m
al
l
y)
by
m
eans
of
i
nd
i
rect
m
e
asur
e
s.
E
ff
ect
i
ven
e
ss
is
relat
ed
to
acc
urac
y
and
com
plete
ness
with
w
hic
h
use
rs
can
com
plete
ta
sk
s.
It
i
nc
lud
es
how
ea
sy
the
us
e
rs
m
ake
er
r
or
s
w
hile
us
i
ng
the
ap
plica
ti
on.
Eff
ic
ie
ncy
is
relat
ed
to
the
s
peed
wh
ic
h
use
rs
can
c
om
pl
et
e
the
ta
sk
s.
Sati
sfacti
on
re
fer
s
t
o
the whethe
r
t
he
u
se
r feel
co
m
fort to
us
e
the
app
li
cat
io
n
a
nd accepta
bili
ty
o
f use
[27].
3.
METHO
D
This
stu
dy
co
nducts
tw
o
ph
ases
of
st
ud
y
wh
ic
h
are
U
se
r
Re
qu
i
rem
ent
of
U
I
feat
ur
e
s
based
on
current m
ob
il
e
app
li
cat
io
ns
; a
nd U
sa
bili
ty
Ev
al
uatio
n base
d on pr
opos
e
d m
ob
il
e app
li
cat
ion
.
3.1
.
Use
r
Req
uire
ment o
f U
I f
e
at
u
res b
ase
d on curre
nt
mob
il
e
ap
pli
c
at
i
on
s
Fr
om
find
i
ngs
from
literat
ur
e
rev
ie
w,
the
re
a
re
thre
e
feat
ur
e
s
identifie
d
as
featur
e
s
f
or
rea
ding:
Text,
Color
a
nd
G
ra
ph
ic
al
Con
te
nt
.
To
gathe
r
cu
rr
e
nt
us
age
of
tho
se
featu
res
,
an
intervie
w
is
con
duct
ed
to
get
m
or
e
eviden
ce
on
em
pirical
stud
y.
Acc
or
din
g
to
[
28
]
c
onduct
ing
i
nterv
ie
w
is
tim
e
con
s
um
ing
be
cause
us
ua
ll
y
it
was
cond
ucted
one
-
to
-
one
basis
a
nd
re
quires
car
efu
l
pla
nn
i
ng.
Howe
ver,
[29]
and
[
30
]
,
m
entione
d
that
the
m
os
t
desirab
le
m
et
ho
d
of
doin
g
rese
arch
with
seni
or
ci
ti
zens
is
by
us
ing
t
he
interv
ie
w
m
e
tho
d.
The
y
belie
ve
this
m
et
hod
help
m
uch
to
stre
ng
t
he
n
the
ideas
an
d
gathe
rin
g
th
e
un
str
uctu
re
d
data.
The
res
earche
r
te
sts
the
cu
rr
e
nt
ap
plica
ti
on,
wh
ic
h
is
iQ
ura
nLite
to
Nine
(
9)
pe
op
le
of
se
nior
ci
ti
zens,
wh
ic
h
c
on
sist
of
fiv
e
(5)
fem
al
e,
an
d
fou
r
(4)
m
a
l
e
in
Ma
nj
un
g.
The
intervie
w
session
was
c
onduct
ed
to
id
entify
the
issues
that
senio
r
ci
ti
zens
faced
wh
e
n
us
i
ng
t
he
cu
rr
e
nt
app
li
cat
io
n
an
d
to
get
the
re
qu
i
rem
ent
to
design
the
i
nterfac
e
of
the
pr
opos
e
d
a
pp
li
cat
io
n
acc
ordi
ng
t
o
se
nior
ci
ti
zen
nee
ds
.
The
res
ult
of
this
phase
is
dis
cusse
d
in
sect
ion
4.
1
and
re
su
lt
fro
m
the
interview
is
us
ed
to
de
velo
p
a
m
ob
il
e
app
li
cat
ion
an
d
la
te
r
us
e
to
m
easur
e
us
a
bili
ty
of
the
featur
e
s.
T
he m
et
ho
d o
f usa
bili
ty
stud
y an
d pro
po
se
d
m
ob
il
e ap
plivati
on
discuss i
n se
ct
ion
3.2.
3.2
.
The Pr
oposed
mo
bil
e appl
ic
at
i
on
and
U
s
ab
il
ity
Ev
al
ua
ti
on
P
hase
In
sec
ond
ph
ase,
the
resea
rch
e
r
sta
rts
to
desig
n
an
d
sk
et
ch
th
e
sto
ryb
oard
of
th
e
propose
d
app
li
cat
io
n.
T
he
researc
her
de
sign
s
a
nd
de
ve
lop
a
n
ap
plica
ti
on
ba
sed
on
fin
dings
f
ro
m
the
li
te
ratur
e
r
eview
and inter
view
that ha
ve bee
n cond
ucted
e
arli
er. Fi
gure
1 sh
ow
s
the
d
esi
gn of the
prop
os
e
d
a
pp
li
cat
io
n.
Figure
1.
Pro
pose
d
U
ser I
nter
face
Desig
n ba
sed o
n
Te
xt,
C
olor a
nd Co
ntent Rep
rese
ntati
on Featu
res
Nex
t
is
us
abili
ty
evaluati
on
phase.
In
t
his
phase,
t
he
resea
rch
e
r
te
sts
the
pro
po
se
d
a
pp
li
cat
ion
to
t
he
senio
r
ci
ti
zens
.
Nine
(
9)
people
of
seni
or
ci
ti
zens,
w
hich
co
ns
ist
of
fi
ve
(
5)
fem
al
e
and
f
our
(
4)
m
al
e
in
Ma
njung,
Pera
k
we
re
pa
rtic
ipate
d
durin
g
t
his
phase.
The
par
ti
ci
pa
nt’s
a
ge
is
f
ro
m
60
t
o
73
ye
ars
ol
d,
wh
ic
h
wer
e
ba
by
bo
om
ers’
ge
ne
rati
on
an
d
ha
d
be
en
r
eco
gniz
e
a
s
act
ive
group
that
us
e
sm
artpho
ne
in
their
daily
li
ves
[
4].
Firstl
y,
the
res
earche
rs
set
a
n
ap
po
i
ntm
ent
t
o
m
eet
the
sen
ior
ci
ti
zens
i
n
th
ei
r
ho
m
e.
Th
e
stu
dy
wa
s
cond
ucted
at
ho
m
e
becau
se
to
m
ai
ntain
the
natu
ral
env
ir
on
m
ent
so
that
the
senio
r
ci
ti
zens
will
feel
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
4
, N
o.
1
,
A
pr
il
201
9
:
436
–
442
440
com
fo
rtable
w
it
h
the
te
sti
ng
session.
T
he
r
esearche
r
sta
rts
the
te
st
by
i
ntr
oducto
ry
se
ssion.
T
he
res
earche
r
introd
uced
the
seni
or
c
it
iz
en
s
ab
out
the
a
ppli
cat
ion
a
nd
t
he
pur
po
se
of
us
in
g
t
he
a
pp
l
ic
at
ion
.
Be
si
de
s,
the
researc
her ex
pl
ai
ns
the
purp
ose
of c
onduct
in
g
the
stu
dy a
nd how the
stu
dy
will
b
e c
onduc
te
d.
Nex
t,
the
re
sea
rch
e
r
te
sts
the
pro
po
se
d
ap
plica
ti
on
to
the
pa
rtic
ipants
to
ev
al
uate
the
us
a
bili
ty
of
the
pro
po
se
d
a
pp
li
cat
ion
.
T
he
re
searche
r
j
us
t
ob
s
er
ves
the
par
ti
ci
pa
nt
w
hi
le
they
are
us
ing
the
a
ppli
cat
ion
s
without
gu
i
ding
the
pa
rtic
ipants.
Af
te
r
fini
sh
in
g
the
te
sti
ng,
quest
io
nna
ires
we
re
distr
ibu
te
d
to
th
e
senio
r
ci
ti
zens.
4.
R
ESULT
A
N
D ANALY
SIS
The res
ults o
f
t
he
st
ud
y
wer
e
re
ported
b
ase
d on the
f
ollow
i
ng cate
go
ries.
4.1
.
Res
ult
fr
om
I
nt
er
view
This
st
ud
y
c
onside
rs
t
he
fo
l
lowing
featu
re
s
ide
ntifie
d
i
n
re
qu
i
rem
ent
ph
a
se,
w
hich
i
s
te
xt
us
e
d,
cho
ic
e
of
c
olor
us
e
d,
a
nd
t
he
gr
a
ph
ic
al
co
ntent
us
e
d
whil
e
design
i
ng
m
ob
il
e
app
li
cat
ion
s
to
e
ns
ur
e
high
acce
ptance
lev
el
a
m
on
g se
nior cit
iz
ens.
4.1.1
Te
xt
Accor
ding
to
gero
nto
lo
gy
stud
y,
se
nior
ci
ti
zens
are
s
uff
erin
g
f
ro
m
vision
im
pair
m
ent
especial
ly
wh
e
n
rea
ding
the
sm
a
ll
size
of
te
xt.
In
order
t
o
com
plem
ent
their
sens
or
y
disa
bi
li
ty
,
the
par
ti
ci
pan
ts
su
ggest
e
d
f
or t
he pr
opos
e
d
a
ppli
cat
ion
, t
he r
esearche
r
s
h
ould u
se
b
la
c
k
a
nd
bigger si
ze o
f
te
xt. This sta
t
e
m
ent
is supported
by the stu
dy fro
m
[
20]
. H
e m
entio
ne
d
sta
ti
c and b
la
ck
te
xt is su
it
able for
se
nio
r
ci
ti
zens user
s fo
r
read
i
ng.
T
he
guideli
ne
f
ro
m
[
18
]
w
hich
sta
te
d
a
su
it
a
ble
f
on
t
f
or
the
sen
ior
ci
ti
zen
us
e
r
s
are
san
s
-
se
rif
f
on
ts
in
siz
e
betwee
n
12
-
14
points
,
short
li
ne
an
d
le
ft
j
ust
ifie
d
te
xt
cannot
be
app
li
ed
t
o
the
pro
po
se
d
ap
pli
cat
ion
because
fo
nt used i
n
the
prop
os
e
d
a
pp
li
cat
io
n
is
Ar
a
bic a
nd the s
uitable
si
ze f
or
t
he
te
xt is 40
po
i
nts.
4.1.2
Co
l
or
Mob
il
e
ap
plica
ti
on
interfac
es
for
senio
r
ci
ti
zens
sho
uld
in
gen
e
ral
co
ntain
colo
re
d
te
xt
and
c
olored
gr
a
phic
s
sp
eci
f
ic
al
ly
to
disp
la
y
the
releva
nt
inf
or
m
at
ion
.
A
s
sta
te
d
by
the
par
ti
ci
pa
nts,
th
ey
su
ggest
ed
f
or
t
he
pro
po
se
d
a
ppli
cat
ion
,
t
he
res
earche
r
s
houl
d
us
e
soft
col
or
beca
us
e
t
he
c
olors
m
ake
the
m
hap
py
to
use
the
app
li
cat
io
n.
T
hi
s
sta
tem
ent
was
supporte
d
by
a
stud
y
[10]
wh
ic
h
m
entioned
soft
colo
rs
s
hould
be
use
d
in
the
app
li
cat
io
n
f
or
senio
r
ci
ti
zens.
Me
a
nwhile
,
stu
dy
from
[22]
sugg
e
ste
d
the
m
os
t
su
it
ab
le
col
or
for
th
e
app
li
cat
io
n
f
or
senio
r
ci
ti
zens
is or
a
nge
or brigh
t
gray
.
4.1.3
Gr
aphi
cal
Gr
a
phic
al
co
ntent
s
hould
be
la
rg
e
a
nd
cl
ea
r
w
he
n
desig
ni
ng
a
ppli
cat
ion
for
se
ni
or
ci
t
iz
en
use
rs
.
Ther
e
a
re
a
fe
w
re
qu
i
rem
ent
s
from
the
par
ti
ci
pan
ts.
T
he
pa
rtic
ipants
(m
entione
d
f
or
the
propose
d
ap
pl
ic
at
ion
,
the
resea
rc
her
sh
oul
d
us
e
la
r
ge
r
gr
a
ph
ic
,
bu
tt
on
s
a
nd
ic
ons
so
t
hat
the
seni
or
ci
ti
zens
ca
n
cl
ic
k
it
with
ou
t
any
error.
Stu
dy
by
[23],
sta
te
d
t
he
bu
tt
on
siz
e
for
the
seni
or
ci
ti
zens
us
er
is
no
t
t
he
sam
e
as
the
sta
nda
r
d
siz
e
bu
tt
ons
f
or
nor
m
al
peo
ple.
T
he
seni
or
ci
ti
ze
ns
a
dm
it
that
l
arg
e
butt
on
is
utterl
y
i
m
po
rta
nt
to
a
ny
a
pp
li
cat
ion
that
they
woul
d
us
e
[
24
]
.
[
9]
add
e
d
t
hat
se
ni
or
ci
ti
zens
require
t
he
good
s
iz
e
an
d
s
pacin
g
betwee
n
t
he
bu
tt
ons
to
ens
ur
e
t
hey
are
pus
hing
th
e
rig
ht
butt
ons.
Sm
a
ll
design
e
d
butt
on
will
c
ause
se
nior
ci
ti
zens
pr
ess
t
he
wrong
bu
tt
on.
He
al
so
add
e
d
that
the
bu
tt
ons
s
houl
d
gi
ve
the
ta
ct
il
e
feedback
when
presse
d
as
a
sign
that
the
butt
on
is success
fu
ll
y
bein
g pr
ess
ed
. B
esi
des,
t
he
pa
rtic
ipants
requ
est
the pr
opos
e
d
a
pp
li
cat
ion s
hould be
d
esi
gned
in
a
si
m
ple
la
yout
ye
t
at
tract
ive
and
t
h
ey
al
so
m
entioned
to
r
e
m
ov
e
the
unne
cessary
f
un
ct
i
on
beca
us
e
to
o
m
any
functi
ons
will
m
ake
seni
or
s
c
onf
us
in
g.
I
n
th
e
cu
rr
e
nt
a
pp
li
cat
ion
,
the
pa
rtic
ipants
sta
te
d
that
they
on
ly
want
to r
ea
d
the c
onte
nt o
f
t
he
sura
h.
T
hey do
n’
t
wan
t t
he u
nn
ec
essary f
un
ct
io
n
for
them
su
ch a
s “searc
hing s
ur
a
h”
ic
on
,
“
quran
ic
su
ppli
cat
ion
ic
on
”
a
nd
“b
ookm
ark
ic
on
”
.
Ther
e
is
a
stud
y
by
[1
0]
sta
te
s
in
or
de
r
to
fa
ci
li
ta
t
e
the r
ea
ding,
th
e interfa
ce s
hould
only
d
is
play
the im
po
rtant
content
[10].
4.1.4
O
th
ers
The
par
ti
ci
pa
nt
s
in
t
he
stu
dy
is
seen
as
pro
ud
ly
try
in
g
t
o
keep
the
Ba
ha
sa
Me
la
yu
as
t
he
do
m
inant
la
nguag
e
e
ven
in
th
e
m
ob
il
e
ap
plica
ti
on
.
Most
of
t
he
pa
rtic
ipants
i
ns
ist
s
to
us
e
Ba
hasa
Me
la
yu
in
th
e
pro
po
se
d
a
pp
li
cat
ion
.
Des
pite
of
m
any
ap
plica
ti
on
s
in
t
he
m
ark
et
us
es
E
ng
li
s
h
as
the
m
edium
la
ng
ua
ge,
t
he
par
ti
ci
pa
nts stil
l pr
e
fer
s
to use
m
ob
il
e app
li
c
at
ion
that
u
se
their
native la
ngua
ge.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
In
te
rface
d
e
sig
n
fe
at
ur
es
of
m
ob
il
e
applicati
on for
sen
i
or
ci
ti
zens
(
Natra
h Ab
du
ll
ah
)
441
4.2.
Us
ab
il
it
y E
va
lu
at
i
on
A
na
lysis
Durin
g
us
a
bili
ty
evaluati
on
phase,
the
resea
rch
e
r
co
nducte
d
a
us
a
bili
ty
testing
to
the
se
ni
or
ci
ti
zens.
Af
te
r
finish
i
ng
the
te
sti
ng
,
quest
io
nn
ai
re
w
as
distrib
uted
to
the
seni
or
ci
ti
zens.
The
quest
ionnaire
has
three
cat
egories
to
be
evaluate
d,
w
hich
is
ef
fecti
ve
ness,
ef
fici
en
cy
and
sat
isfac
ti
on
.
Ba
se
d
on
data
gathe
red
fro
m
the
us
a
bili
ty
e
valuati
on,
it
can
be
c
on
cl
uded
that
de
velo
pm
ent
of
pro
pose
d
Mob
il
e
Al
-
Q
uran
has
gaine
d
po
sit
ive
fee
dback
f
ro
m
al
l
par
ti
ci
pan
ts.
M
os
t
of
the
pa
rtic
ipants
ha
ve
r
at
ed
the
us
a
bili
ty
of
the
a
pp
l
ic
at
ion
with
str
ongly
agr
ee
.
Re
su
lt
f
ro
m
each
ques
ti
on
prov
e
that
the
ap
plica
ti
on
is
sat
isfact
ory
and
us
a
ble
f
or
t
he
us
ers
.
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N AND
REC
OM
MEN
D
A
TION
This
stu
dy
has
identifie
d
se
ve
ral
issues
nee
d
to
be
co
ns
i
de
red
w
hen
des
ign
in
g
the
ne
w
Al
-
Q
ur
a
n
app
li
cat
io
n.
T
he
re
quirem
ent
fo
r
m
ob
il
e
Al
-
Q
uran
a
ppli
cat
ion
nee
de
d
by
seni
or
ci
ti
zens
a
nd
s
ucc
eed
to
dev
el
op
a
m
ob
il
e
Al
-
Q
uran
app
li
cat
ion
t
ha
t
is
ta
i
lored
t
o
seni
or
ci
ti
zens
nee
d
a
nd
t
heir
abili
ti
es.
In
thi
s
researc
h,
the
r
esearche
r
only
fo
c
us
ed
on
th
e
us
er
inter
fac
e
of
the
need
e
d
by
seni
or
ci
ti
zens
for
an
Al
-
Q
ur
a
n
Mob
il
e
ap
plica
ti
on
.
I
n
the
f
utur
e,
the
sam
e
researc
h
interest
researc
he
r,
can
e
xp
l
or
e
al
so
the
aud
i
o
an
d
nav
i
gating
in
the
inte
rf
ace
by
au
dio
c
omm
a
nd
s
.
T
he
prot
ot
ype
co
uld
be
exten
ded
to
m
eet
the
need
s
of
se
nior
ci
ti
zens th
at
h
a
ving the
pr
ob
le
m
su
ch
as Pa
r
ki
ns
on a
nd
Alzh
eim
er d
ise
ase.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENT
The
a
uthors
w
ou
l
d
li
ke
t
o
th
ank
U
niv
e
rsiti
Tek
no
l
og
i
M
A
RA
(
UiTM),
Ma
la
ysi
a
fo
r
pa
rtly
fund
i
ng
the stu
dy
by g
i
ven the BE
ST
ARI PER
D
A
N
A gr
a
nt (6
00
-
I
RM
I/DANA 5/
3/ BEST
ARI
(P)
(09
1/2018
)).
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NCE
S
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m
Osman,
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wawi
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l
ib,
Z
a
ina
l
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usi,
Sani
Alwi,
Ta
n
Shiang
Y.
A
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e
tr
end
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art
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be
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or
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a
ysia,
Inte
rnat
iona
l
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lde
rl
y
sm
art
pho
ne
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rfa
ce
desi
gn
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a
ct
iv
ity
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nt
ere
d
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ugh
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y
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e
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ices:
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m
i
ghti
er
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an
the
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ouse
?
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ri
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holog
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r
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pen
m
ig
hti
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ouse
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