TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol.12, No.6, Jun
e
201
4, pp. 4337 ~ 4
3
4
4
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
12i6.422
7
4337
Re
cei
v
ed Au
gust 26, 20
13
; Revi
sed
De
cem
ber 2
7
, 2013; Accepte
d
Jan
uary 21,
2014
Internet of Things as Intimating for Pregnant Women’s
Healthcare: an Impending Privacy Issues
Mir Sajjad Hussain Talpu
r
*
1
, Murtaza Huss
ain Sha
i
kh
2
, Riaz
Ali Buriro
3
, Hira Sajjad
Talpur
4
, Fozi
a
Talpur
5
, Hina Shafi
6
,
Munazza Ahs
a
n
Shaikh
7
1
School of Infor
m
ation Sci
enc
e & Engin
eer
in
g,
Central So
ut
h Univ
ersit
y
, C
han
gsh
a
, Chin
a
2
Member IEEE, Oslo, Nor
w
a
y
3, 5,
6
F
a
cult
y
of
Agricult
ural So
cial Sci
ences,
SAU, Pakistan
4
Central C
h
in
a Agricult
ure Un
i
v
ersit
y
, Ch
in
a
7
Liaq
uat Univ
er
sit
y
of Med
i
cal
and H
ealt
h
Sci
ences, Pakista
n
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, em
ail
:
mirsajjad
huss
a
in@cs
u
.ed
u
.cn*
1
,
murtazah
ussai
n
sh
ai
kh
@g
ma
il
.co
m
2
, abbas_
buriro
1
4
@
hot
mail.com
3
, hira
sajja
d@
gmai
l.com
4
,
fozia.t@gmail.
com
5
, shafihin
a
@
gmai
l.com
6
A
b
st
r
a
ct
Ingen
io
usly, th
e i
nnov
atio
ns
are tak
i
ng
p
l
ac
e i
n
curr
ent
medic
a
l
era, w
h
ere IoT
is a
ke
y an
d it
s
relate
d tech
no
l
ogy
plays
a
dy
na
mic r
o
l
e
i
n
preg
nant w
o
men c
a
re tak
i
n
g
insi
de
hos
pita
l a
nd
outsi
de.
IoT
ensur
e the
effective
and
effi
cient c
a
re
of preg
nant
w
o
men i
n
any
envi
r
on
me
nt bec
a
u
se i
n
tel
lig
ent
tin
y
devic
es like
RF
-T
ags, sensors
are attache
d
w
i
th pregn
ant
w
o
me
n, and
all
the acti
vities
o
f
pregn
ant w
o
me
n
can be
mon
i
tor
ed by professi
o
nal
med
i
cal
sta
ff
fr
om
anyw
h
e
r
e a
n
d
anyti
me
. T
he us
ag
e
of
these
adv
ance
d
techno
lo
gies i
n
preg
na
nt w
o
me
n care
envi
r
on
me
nt,
absol
utely era
d
ic
ate
s
the preg
na
n
cy complic
atio
n
s
and
har
mfu
l
i
n
cide
nts, but a
l
so incr
eas
es p
r
ivacy, rel
i
gi
ou
s, lega
l a
nd s
o
cietal
pro
b
le
ms. T
he pur
pos
e of
this article
is to disc
uss the
usag
e of IoT
i
n
pr
e
gna
nt w
o
me
n h
ealthc
a
r
e
env
iron
ment
s and
articul
a
tes
end
orse
me
nts to pro
m
ote res
earch the
n
can
guara
n
tee
that
the pregn
ant
w
o
me
n
’
s priv
a
cy is preserve
d
.
Ke
y
w
ords
:
int
e
rnet of thin
gs, pregn
ant w
o
men he
althc
a
re,
c
o
m
p
one
nts, practition
ers, pri
v
acy
Copy
right
©
2014 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
Time and di
stance a
r
e cru
c
ial facto
r
s f
o
r pre
gna
nt wome
n in cri
t
ical situation
.
As we
kno
w
that p
r
egna
nt wom
en’s th
ey living in
re
mote
are
a
s
and t
hey pro
babl
e
can
not rece
ive
immediate tre
a
tment durin
g the emerg
e
n
cy; beca
u
se
, in the remote area
s there
is the shorta
ge
of prim
ary
care
providers (e.g. Gyn
e
cologi
st, Ph
ysi
c
ian,
sp
eciali
st an
d nu
rse
s
et
c)
and
the
clo
s
ing
of sm
all health
ca
re
cente
r
s have
been
pro
b
le
m identified i
n
many remo
te area
s [3
0, 31].
Some
re
sea
r
ch
ha
s b
een
und
erta
ken
and fe
w te
ch
nique
s
have
been
devel
o
ped to
remot
e
ly
monitor the
physiol
ogical
co
ndition
of
pre
gna
nt
women th
ro
ug
h the
so
phi
sticated
ultra
s
ound
machi
ne. The
r
e are variou
s way
s
to red
u
ce the p
r
eg
nan
cy compli
cation
s an
d matern
al dea
ths,
and
an i
m
po
rtant step
is to
sel
e
ct
rig
h
t tech
nolo
g
ies,
method
s and
approa
che
s
t
o
a
c
hievin
g
t
h
is
reduction [4],
[6], [7, 8], [1
4], [20]. One
such m
e
thod is the
utilizat
ion an
d invol
v
ement of sm
art
IoT techn
o
log
y
in pregna
nt wome
n ca
re t
a
kin
g
.
As the fads of pregn
ant wome
n healt
h
ca
re ente
r
in
g into civic a
nd pre
gna
nt wome
n
health
con
c
e
r
ned
are
ste
adily pe
rfect,
peopl
e
n
e
e
d
effective p
r
egn
ant
wom
en he
althcare
system
whi
c
h ma
ke
su
re
the ex
cellen
c
e
of ca
re
a
nd elimi
nate
the pregn
an
cy compli
catio
n
s,
hazard
o
u
s
o
c
curre
n
ces.
Consequ
ently, con
s
id
erat
io
n
s
of
a
rem
o
te
pregn
ant
wo
men
health
ca
re
system a
r
e
cruci
a
l an
d im
mediate, an
d
IoT w
oul
d b
e
the mo
st effective for its
deployme
nt.
IoT
offers the l
o
t
of prospect
s
of dete
r
minin
g
p
r
egn
ant
women
ca
re
ta
king
sy
stem i
n
formatio
n a
b
out
tagged
pre
g
n
ant wo
men.
With u
s
ing Io
T, real
wo
rld preg
nant wo
men care
taki
ng
a
c
tors can
be
merely id
entifiable, tra
c
e
a
b
le, and
mon
i
torable.
T
h
e
s
e thin
gs mi
ght be
outfitted with
ga
dg
ets
su
ch a
s
Sma
r
t RFID tag
s
,
actuato
r
s, a
nd se
nsi
ng u
n
its. Internet
of things en
a
b
les p
r
eg
nant
wome
n, Gyn
e
col
ogi
st, medical p
r
ofe
s
sion
al,
spe
c
i
a
list, nu
rses and
poi
nts
to be
co
nne
cted
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 6, June 20
14: 4337 – 4
344
4338
anytime an
d
anywh
ere,
with anythin
g
and
anyon
e
.
In the a
r
ea
of rem
o
te p
r
egn
ant
wom
e
n
health
care sy
stem eno
rmo
u
s stu
d
y work that has
a
c
compli
sh
ed lo
t of desired o
u
tcome
s
, utm
o
st
particula
rly re
flected in the
nume
r
ou
s he
althca
re
s’ sm
art techn
o
log
i
es [11], [20].
Figure 1. IoT Based Pregn
ant Wom
en Healthcare System
The mai
n
a
c
t
o
rs in thi
s
system a
r
e
pr
e
gnant
wom
e
n
,
gynecol
ogi
st, body se
nsors an
d
preg
nant
wo
men el
ectron
ic he
althcare
informatio
n
databa
se
s
with web
serv
er. Health
care
relevant i
n
formation a
nd
events a
r
e
sent via
Wi
rel
e
ss Body Se
nso
r
Network (WBSN)
with
Zigbee
an
d B
l
uetooth to th
e pregn
ant women
sm
a
r
tp
hone
(Gate
w
a
y
), preg
nant
wome
n EHCR in
the dist
ribute
d
datab
ase t
h
rou
gh Inte
rnet;
EHCRs can be acce
ssed
from
a
n
ywhe
re and
at
anytime by gynecol
ogi
st, preg
nant
wo
men an
d oth
e
r related h
e
a
lthca
r
e a
c
tors are pe
rmitted to
con
s
ult them.
Figure 2. Potential of IoT in Pregn
ant Women Health
care
Thoug
h, the
s
e cutting-edg
e technol
ogie
s
a
r
e
still
st
a
y
in the
aviat
o
r
pha
se, fa
r away fro
m
t
he
real fun
c
tiona
l usag
e.
This pap
er g
i
ves a
n
ove
r
view; How e
fficacio
u
s inv
o
lvement of
IoT an
d its related
techn
o
logie
s
in
pre
gnant wome
n
care taking
e
n
viro
nment?
Ho
w could it be
guarantee
d that
person
a
l data
of the pregn
ant wo
men
would
certai
nly not coll
ap
se
in the ha
nd
s
of alien
s
? Is the
use of IoT
complaint
with HIPAA, AMA, and EUDP
L? Will
the use of IoT
i
n
crease
priv
acy,
religio
us,
so
ci
etal & legal
issue
s
? A
nd al
so ex
p
r
e
s
se
s endo
rseme
n
t
s for
advan
ce re
se
arch th
at
coul
d gua
ra
n
t
ee that the
preg
nant
women’
s priv
a
c
y
and religi
ous, so
cial self-re
s
pe
ct are
pre
s
e
r
ved.
2. IoT Dev
i
ations in Pregnanc
y
Care
Internets of thing
s
tech
nol
ogie
s
are m
a
king it po
ssi
bl
e for a health
care organi
za
tion to
monitor
th
e physiol
ogical
co
ndition of preg
nant wo
men p
r
o
s
pe
ctive inside
cli
n
ic a
nd i
n
ho
me
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Internet of Th
ings a
s
Intimating for Preg
nant
Wom
e
n
’
s He
althcare
… (Mir Sajja
d
Hussai
n Talp
ur)
4339
anytime, any
place from
anywh
ere.
In
ternet of T
h
i
ngs
ha
s en
ormo
us i
n
p
r
egn
ant
wom
e
n
health
care sy
stem a
nd me
dical
se
rvice
to impr
ove
pregna
nt wom
e
n safety, heal
thcare
servi
c
es
and al
so refo
rm the future
of our medi
ci
nal atmo
sphe
re, kn
owle
dg
e, econ
omy a
nd cultu
r
e a
s
a
whol
e. Howe
ver, the preg
nant wom
en
privacy in
fo
rmation proble
m
has be
com
e
a severe issue
in the real p
r
egn
ant wom
en health
ca
re servi
c
e en
vironme
n
t [17-19], [24], [28]. IoT based
appli
c
ation
s
may significa
ntly progress clini
c
effici
en
cy; they also may cre
a
te privacy threats
that
harm
pre
gna
nt wome
n’s
more th
an th
ey benefit th
e
m
. Additional,
the priva
c
y threat
s lin
ked
with
IoT
tech
nolo
g
ies are pro
b
lematic
to comp
re
hen
d. Whe
n
p
r
eg
nant women’
s p
r
ivate dat
a is
occupi
ed, cli
n
ics mu
st ad
h
e
re to
priva
c
y
prin
cipl
es th
at endo
rse th
e flow
of com
p
lete info
rmat
ion
and pe
rmit p
a
tients to ma
ke rational
choices
wh
e
n
they choi
ce
to hospital I
o
T appli
c
atio
ns.
Otherwise, Io
T ho
spital te
chn
o
logie
s
m
a
y be im
ple
m
ented i
n
ways that
do n
o
t se
rve p
r
eg
nant
women’s
long term privac
y interes
t
s
[21-23].
In fact, IoT dramatically ch
ange the
sha
pe
of preg
na
nt women h
e
a
lthca
r
e envi
r
onment
and ma
ke th
em effective, efficient because it co
vers a wid
e
ra
n
ge of techn
o
l
ogie
s
incl
udi
ng
sen
s
in
g, tagg
ing, sto
r
ag
e, netwo
rki
ng, a
nd co
mp
uting
,
which
tog
e
ther sh
ape re
alistic co
mple
x
cyber phy
sical and
soci
al
system
s to
su
stena
nce
smart h
ealth
care
appli
c
atio
ns [1
2, 13].
This
postu
re, seve
ral challe
nge
s rel
a
ted to
preg
nant
wo
men p
r
ivacy,
admiratio
n for auth
o
rity, self-
esteem a
nd indep
ende
nce
[9, 10]. IoT b
a
se
d PWHCS
(Pregna
nt Wome
n He
althca
re System
) is
a
sy
stem whi
c
h offers
info
rmation
to users so
th
ey
can a
nalyze a
physi
ologi
cal
l
y con
d
ition
o
f
preg
nant wo
men’s in
sid
e
hospital a
n
d
outside a
n
d
make de
ci
si
ons timely, system have the
benefit of b
e
ing abl
e to
amalga
mation spe
c
if
ic
preg
nant
wo
men info
rma
t
ion, do co
m
p
lex
evaluation
s
, and present the
resu
lts t
o
Gyne
col
ogi
st, Physi
c
ian
sp
eedily
an
ytime anywh
ere.
System can
contri
bute to
improv
ing di
fferent a
s
pe
cts of real tim
e
data
a
c
cessing
qu
ality of
preg
nant wo
men,
for
in
sta
n
ce: compl
e
tene
ss and
ti
melinen
ess.
System ca
n contribute to
b
e
tter
monitori
ng the current stat
us of pre
gna
nt wom
en; th
ey can gen
erate remind
ers to ensu
r
e t
hat
plann
ed actio
n
s are not el
apsed. The complication
s
of pregn
an
cy stems faci
n
g
in outside
of
hospital espe
cially in ru
ral
area
s. On th
e
basi
s
of
re
ce
nt repot of th
e Wo
rld Ban
k
it declares th
at
sixty percent
of the young pregn
ant
wome
ns
a
r
e belon
gs t
o
remote
re
gion
s [30, 3
1
].
Substantiatio
n
sug
g
e
s
ts th
at rural lo
cal
s
have ac
tuall
y
restri
cted a
c
cess to he
althcare an
d that
rusti
c
are
a
s a
r
e
unde
rserv
ed by
health
care
phy
sicia
n
.
In the
esta
b
lishin
g
a
nd
d
e
velope
d
world,
several remo
te citize
ns sh
ould g
e
t an
a
ppointme
nt from the d
o
cto
r
in o
r
de
r to
visit on time
to
rea
c
h ho
spita
l
but sometim
e
they get lets [30].
Wome
n wellb
eing in p
r
e
g
n
ancy p
e
rio
d
, delivery an
d the po
st-p
artu
m dated. Th
e
major
cau
s
e
s
of m
a
ternal
morbi
d
ity and mo
rtality in
clude
ovary infect
ion, dep
re
ssi
on, high
blo
od
pre
s
sure, an
d ob
stru
cted
labor [31]. IoT ba
se
d pregna
nt wom
en care
taki
ng sy
stem
would
greatly re
du
ce the numb
e
r of these ne
e
d
less de
aths
and al
so en
h
ance the lifestyle of pregn
ant
wome
n an
d
allow th
em to
live in ru
ral
area
s
whe
r
e
there
home t
o
wn, b
e
cau
s
e IoT devi
c
e
s
are
attache
d
to p
r
egn
ant
wom
en an
d all th
e activities
can be
monito
red
by do
ctors from
any
wh
ere
and
anytime
so
it gives the a
s
suran
c
e
of pr
egn
ant women
safety [29].
Most of th
e
new
health
care a
pplication
s
scrat
c
h th
e re
quire
ment
for eluci
dation
s
that safeg
u
a
r
d pe
ople
s
from
religio
us a
n
d
privacy ha
zard
s as a
consequ
en
ce
of abuse an
d inapp
rop
r
ia
te use of these
Internet
of thing
s
sma
r
t appli
c
atio
ns [25-27]. Th
e u
s
ag
e of
IoT d
e
vice
s to
monito
r the
physiol
ogical con
d
ition of preg
nant wo
men insi
de the hospital a
nd outsid
e
, anytime, anyplace
from anywhe
r
e this raise
s
priva
c
y in
vasive
by Gynecol
ogi
st, and phy
sici
a
n
. Protection
o
f
informatio
n a
nd priva
c
y of preg
nant wo
men’s i
s
one
of the key ch
alleng
es in Io
T. Lack of pri
v
ac
y
measures
wi
ll result in redu
ced a
c
ce
ptance amo
n
g
citizen
s
a
nd therefore
is one
of the
motivating factors in the succe
ss of the
IoT in the field of pregn
ant
women h
ealt
h
ca
re.
Basedi
ng on social demands, whi
c
h are
illust
rated i
n
the lawful re
quirem
ents, personal
privacy
of p
e
ople'
health
care
re
co
rd
s
is a
n
ex
trem
ely bu
rning
i
s
sue. M
o
st
o
f
the regul
ations
entitles the l
o
cal
as the
o
w
ne
r of he
r
clini
c
al data
and
suppli
e
s her mo
re
rig
h
ts compa
r
e
d
to
anybody el
se
on he
r clini
c
al re
co
rds. T
h
is recomme
nds th
at it is required to g
e
t
con
s
en
su
s f
r
om
preg
nant wo
men, wh
en h
e
r cli
n
ical
do
cume
nts a
r
e
acce
ssed for
any type of
objective [15, 16].
The que
stion
is why person
a
l priva
cy of clinic
al informatio
n is so imp
o
rta
n
t and cruci
a
l?
Con
s
id
erin
g that, Privacy is in the a
ttribut
es of
human
s, an
d it provide
s
the hum
a
n
a
psycholo
g
ical
fulfillment and a
sen
s
ati
on of self-c
o
n
fiden
ce an
d
so
cial
welln
ess, if they could
rest
rict
acce
ssibility to their individual
illn
ess reco
rd
a
c
cording
to the
i
r in
clinatio
ns.
People
migh
t
have mental,
emotional, p
s
ych
o
logi
cal,
or sex-rel
a
te
d ailments, a
nd they woul
d not su
ch a
s
to
subj
ect tho
s
e pro
b
lem
s
to others. It is clai
m
ed
that A Healt
h
pro
b
lem i
s
affixed to an
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TELKOM
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Vol. 12, No. 6, June 20
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344
4340
Abnorm
a
lity". People
can
stay away f
r
om o
p
ting fo
r tre
a
tment
if they are afraid that th
eir
dise
ase, pro
b
l
em wo
uld
ce
rtainly be
sub
j
ected to
oth
e
rs in
cludin
g
friend
s, famil
y
membe
r
s
a
n
d
co
worke
r
s.So the pre
gna
nt wome
n p
r
ivacy is the
key
su
cc
es
s f
a
ct
o
r
of
I
o
T in h
e
a
lt
hca
r
e i
s
s
u
es,
religio
us,
ethi
cal i
s
sue
s
. It is fa
ct that p
r
egna
nt wo
me
n e
s
sential m
edical info
rm
ation bel
ong
s to
the st
ring
ent
privacy
territo
r
y of the
p
r
eg
nant
wom
en.
In the
20
09
relea
s
e
d
inve
stigated
repo
rt
of AMA re
ga
rding th
e
Radi
o fre
quen
cy i
dentificat
io
n (RFID) g
adg
ets u
s
e
d
in
me
dical
area
mi
ght
save the
life
of patients in
criti
c
al
state
and al
so
ma
ke them m
o
re
relax a
nd
co
mfortable [1
-3],
[25], [28]. Th
e American
medical asso
ciation en
do
rse
s
that duri
ng the permi
ssi
on process for
RFID im
plant
ation, client
s ought to be
informed
of clinical susp
icion
s
a
s
soci
ated with the
s
e
gadg
ets. Tho
ugh, health
plan ma
ke
rs and physi
ci
ans
sho
u
ld comprehe
nd that RFID to
ols,
unlike vari
ou
s oth
e
r
kin
d
s
of medi
cal m
odern te
chn
o
l
ogy,
must an effect
after p
a
tient's pe
rso
nal
privacy
that expand
s
fa
r past
th
e clini
c
al se
ct
o
r
. T
h
rou
g
h
an
in
serte
d
RFID
gadg
et, patie
nts
coul
d be
tra
c
ked
by anyo
n
e
ma
king
u
s
e
of a
com
m
o
n
RFI
D
rea
d
e
r
. "The
pe
rmi
ssi
on
pro
c
e
d
u
re
need
s to offer this dan
ge
r p
l
ainly, and th
e AMA need
s
to modify its repo
rt to sp
ecifically add
re
ss
this uncomm
on risk" [12], [18, 19]. Th
e Unit
ed stat
es FDA (F
oo
d and Drug
Administratio
n
)
authori
z
e
d
in
2004 the ini
t
ial passive RFID tag
s
p
a
rticul
arly pla
nned for h
u
m
an impla
n
tation.
Huma
n impl
a
n
ted pa
ssive
RFID tool
s t
hat re
co
gni
ze patient
s
ca
n additio
nally
have im
port
a
n
t
welln
ess deta
ils [4], [23] T
he tags a
r
e
mostly vi
suali
z
ed for
patie
nts with majo
r con
d
ition
s
, su
ch
as b
r
ai
n he
morrhag
e
co
ndition, pe
rsistent ob
st
ructive lung illn
ess, diab
etic issue
s
, stro
ke
probl
em
are
i
m
planted
into
clie
nts
with
clinical
tool
s
such
a
s
e
ndo
scopy
ca
psule
,
stent
s. Th
e
s
e
gadg
ets havi
ng sm
aller
si
ze
su
ch g
r
ain
of rice, an
d
coul
d be e
a
si
ly injected in
ski
n or im
pla
n
ted
in bo
dy of th
e patie
nts. T
he inj
e
cte
d
a
nd impl
ant
ed
RFI
D
g
adg
e
t
s offer an
ef
fective a
c
cess to
critical i
n
form
ations for pe
ople yet
this
cru
c
ial
clinica
l
detail
goe
s
also
to th
e
stringe
nt p
r
ivacy
sph
e
re of the
patient.
3. Analy
s
is o
f
Priv
ac
y
Concerns
It is fact that Internet of thi
ngs
and
othe
r advan
ce
d tech
nolo
g
ies
have hu
ge p
o
tential in
preg
nant wo
men health
care sy
stem a
nd medi
cal
service to adv
ance pre
gna
nt women
sa
fety
insid
e
the cli
n
ic an
d out
si
de, health
ca
re se
rvice
s
a
nd also refo
rms the future of our m
e
d
i
cal
atmosp
he
re. Furthe
rmo
r
e,
the spee
dup
privacy
& ethical i
s
sue
s
of pregn
ant wome
n whi
c
h we
analyze in this se
ction;
Figure 3. Pre
gnant Wome
n Health
ca
re
and PrivayCo
nce
r
n
In su
ch a
smart sy
stem, whe
r
e a p
r
egna
nt wom
en is
compl
e
tely ease
d
with IoT
techn
o
logy,
nume
r
ou
s
h
a
za
rd fa
cto
r
s al
so
a
s
ce
nd to
her h
ealth info
rm
ation a
nd
h
ealth
con
c
e
r
n
s
, whi
c
h are the co
mpone
nt of
pregn
ant wo
m
en health
ca
re
system.
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TELKOM
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ISSN:
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046
Internet of Th
ings a
s
Intimating for Preg
nant
Wom
e
n
’
s He
althcare
… (Mir Sajja
d
Hussai
n Talp
ur)
4341
3.1.
Pregnan
t
Women Caring
Inside Clinics & Inform
a
t
ion Priv
ac
y
Protec
tion
The majo
rity of the health
care providers/or
g
ani
zatio
n
s, merely concentrate o
n
peopl
e
passio
n
re
garding the m
o
d
e
rn te
chn
o
log
i
es
whi
c
h were used in h
e
a
lthca
r
e fa
cili
ties for
kee
p
i
ng
track of the
p
h
ysiolo
gically
state of p
r
eg
nant wome
n'
s which were
accepte
d
in h
ealthcare
faci
lity
the preg
nant
wome
n provides a
c
cord to the use of
su
ch ap
plicat
ions. On the
basi
s
of auth
o
rs
analysi
s
and
present literature reveal
s that heal
thcare facilitie
s
doe
s rule o
u
t a few of the
s
t
andard
rights
of the people,
the HI
PAA prec
is
ely s
ugges
t
s
t
hat patient
s
'
pers
o
nal priv
ac
y
woul
d be
stressed, a
nd this ide
a
coul
d be comple
t
e
ly reali
s
tic t
o
the wh
ole
welln
ess sect
or
market in all
over the worl
d. In the EU medica
l data
prote
c
tion re
gulation of 19
95 [15], [25, 26]
the ho
spital
must n
o
t gat
her m
edi
cal
data of the
client that it is not
re
quire
for the me
di
cal
solution nor
save the gathered info anym
o
re after t
hat stringently
re
quired for the facility it offers.
Pregn
ant wo
men health
ca
re insi
de the
medical facilit
y, the primary target is to monitor, gath
e
r
and keep p
r
egna
nt wom
en's
welln
ess information
from different
kind
s of we
arabl
e gad
ge
ts,
whi
c
h
are
sit
uated
on the
pre
gna
nt women,
while
in ad
dition fo
rwa
r
d
that in
formation
in
to
gene
ral
-
pu
rp
ose
comp
utin
g device
s
- fo
r a lot more
advan
ced an
d compl
e
x proce
s
sing. In the
preg
nant wo
men
h
ealth a
nd wellne
s
s surveillan
c
e
sy
stem, it woul
d be
gua
ra
nteed th
at the
right
Client is
bein
g
dete
c
ted, that informati
on is fo
rward
ed out to the
accurate he
alth informati
o
n
sy
st
em
s,
w
h
i
c
h f
i
r
s
t
cert
if
i
ed pe
r
s
on
s h
a
v
e
a
cce
s
s
ibi
lity to the se
nsin
g unit i
n
formatio
n, so
the
identity confirmation for p
e
ople, Gyne
co
logist, do
ctor
and Health
ca
re facility hea
lth informatio
n
databa
se o
r
d
a
ta sou
r
ce is
basi
s
pe
rson
al privacy ne
ed.
3.2. Pregnan
t
Women
Ca
ring Outsid
e
Clinics & Information Priv
ac
y
Protection
With the
Rapid a
d
van
c
ement of Io
T, in
-resid
en
ce p
r
eg
nant
wome
n he
althca
re
monitori
ng
i
s
inexpen
sive and po
ssi
ble.
Different
kin
d
s of
very small
sen
s
o
r
s and RF
-tag
s can
be used at resi
den
ce to
keep tra
c
k/monitor p
h
ysiologi
cal pa
rameters of p
r
egn
ant wo
m
en.
Wea
r
abl
e ga
dgets,
su
ch
as
wri
s
t-wo
rn
, bra
c
elet, ch
est belt, ve
st belt, hea
rt b
e
lt, and textile,
woven and
el
ectro
n
ic se
nsors, sea
m
le
ssly
integr
ated
in textiles throug
h con
s
u
m
er el
ectroni
cs,
embed
ded in
stylish sm
art clothes( shi
r
ts, jacket
s e
t
c.), and aut
omated
wri
s
twatche
s
to b
e
lt-
worn perso
na
l
digital assi
stants with
a smart
di
spl
a
y
unit. Throug
h
we
arable
de
vices he
althcare
provide
r
s/ medical profe
s
sion
als can
effect
ively
monitor the
physiologi
cal param
eters of
preg
nant
wo
men i
n
sid
e
t
he h
o
me
an
d out
side
an
d al
so
save
the life
of pregna
nt wom
en i
n
emergen
cy si
tuation. Preg
nan
cy
stem
s experie
nci
n
g
in beyond
medical facili
ty particula
rly
in
rural are
a
s from pre
s
ent
Globe Ban
k
stated t
hat 60% of the adolesce
nt preg
nant wom
en are
from wilde
r
n
e
ss [23]. Proofs indi
cate
s that
remot
e
area
s pe
o
p
les have li
mited acce
ss to
health
care [16] and that wilde
r
ne
ss a
r
e und
er
served by healthca
re phy
sici
an [14]. In the
establi
s
hi
ng and develo
p
ed globe, nu
mero
us rural
lo
cals n
eed
to travel times to get to care
compared to
their city equi
val
ents [2]. T
he major reasons for ma
ternal illness a
nd death consist
of ovary infection, unhappi
ness,
high bl
ood pressu
re
, and obstruct
ed labor [2]. Every day, 1
500
wome
n pa
ss
away du
e to probl
em
s in p
r
egn
an
cy
, 10 thousand
s ch
ildren d
a
ily pass away within
the initial m
o
nth of life a
n
d
an
app
roxi
mately equiv
a
lent vari
ety of infants are
born d
ead
[2
] Io
T
based p
r
e
g
n
ant women
care ta
kin
g
system
woul
d
con
s
id
era
b
ly
lessen
the n
u
mbe
r
of the
s
e
unne
ce
ssary
death
s
a
s
we
ll as au
gment
the
way
of life of p
r
e
gna
nt wo
men
an
d
permit th
em t
o
stay in rural
area
s wh
ere there resid
ence town
, since IoT dev
ice
s
are affixed to preg
na
nt
wome
n and
all the tasks
can b
e
kept
an eye on by
doctors from
anywhe
r
e a
nd anytime so it
provide
s
th
e
assuran
c
e
of pre
gna
nt wo
men p
r
ote
c
tion. The
s
e
n
o
vel appli
c
ati
ons scratch
the
necessity for
reme
die
s
that
shi
e
ld
peo
pl
e from
mo
ral
and
priva
c
y h
a
za
rd
s a
s
a
consequ
en
ce
of
abu
se an
d misap
p
ro
priatio
n
of these Internet of
thing
s
appli
c
atio
n
s
. The proble
m
will ce
rtain
l
y
be a lot more
popula
r
in future ap
plicatio
ns that make sure pregna
n
t
women he
al
th care o
u
tsid
e
health
care fa
cilities. IoT
smart ap
plications
su
ppo
rt the pregn
ant
wome
n to re
main len
g
thie
r in
her l
o
cal
atm
o
sp
here. The
s
e a
ppli
c
atio
ns
ce
rtainl
y
mark this fea
s
ible i
n
keepi
ng an
eye on
the
physi
cal h
eal
th con
d
ition
of the pre
g
n
ant wom
en i
n
her
hou
se,
prote
c
t the
life of preg
n
ant
wome
n in
p
r
egn
an
cy co
mplicatio
ns (e.g. pulse rate, blood
p
r
essu
re, b
o
d
y
temperatu
r
e,
glucose/su
ga
r
level and
hemogl
obin
)
.
Ho
weve
r
al
so
wh
en th
e
pre
gna
nt women
provid
es
authori
z
atio
n
that a health professio
n
a
l and fa
mil
y
-relate
d & friend have
acce
ssi
bility o
f
desi
gne
d
system it can li
kewi
se
be th
o
ught a
bout
e
x
tremely pe
rsonal
priva
c
y i
n
trusive,
fea
s
ibly
captivating a
w
ay the priv
acy as
well
as self
-confi
den
ce of the
pregn
ant women. No
-d
o
u
b
t
preg
nant wo
men ce
rtainly
are ca
pabl
e to cha
nge the
entire sy
stem
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 6, June 20
14: 4337 – 4
344
4342
3.3. Is IoT Applications a
r
e Priv
ac
y
Fr
iendly
?
Internet of thi
ngs
will certai
nly have a lot
of
appli
c
atio
ns in th
e med
i
cal d
o
main,
with the
pro
s
pe
ct of sma
r
tpho
ne
throug
h Ra
di
o frequie
n
cy
identificatio
n tiny-sen
so
r abilities a
s
a
plateform
for
monitori
ng th
e p
r
eg
nant
women
he
alth
vital sign
s an
d me
dication
distrib
u
tion. T
h
e
benefit acq
u
i
r
ed in dete
r
rence and rel
i
able ob
se
rv
ing of ailmen
ts, verdict a
nd offer sp
e
edy
health
mea
s
u
r
es in
the
serious p
r
eg
nan
cy
comp
li
cati
ons.
We
arabl
e, Ambient
tiny se
nsors
a
nd
sma
r
t
ga
dget
s coul
d be d
eployed
to st
ore
pregn
ant
wo
men
me
d
i
cal i
n
form
ations that
co
uld
prote
c
t
a pre
gnant wom
e
n’s
life
i
n
seriousl co
ndi
tio
n
s. F
r
om th
e
foreg
o
ing
st
udy it co
uld
be
determi
ned that the IoT generates a
g
r
eat deal of prospe
cts to ri
se
the efficie
n
cy of preg
n
ant
wome
n healt
h
ca
re ta
king i
n
sid
e
the ho
spital and out
side, to rise th
e suitability for the p
r
egn
a
n
t
wome
n, to provide he
r th
e pro
s
pe
ct to stay
length
i
er at re
side
nce,
to de
crease the period
consum
ed in clini
cs for treatment
surv
eillance, to rise the
pr
egnancy diagnosti
c efficiency,
enha
nce the
healthcare servi
c
e
s
avai
lable for
ca
re
take
rs, to g
i
ve the effective treatment
to
preg
nant
wo
men at a mi
nimum
co
st. Curre
n
tly, in
literature, priv
acy, religi
o
u
s
, soci
al, legal
and
ethical
risks are vital ch
all
enge
s in IoT
based p
r
eg
n
ant wom
en h
ealthcare
system. Absen
c
e of
privacy me
asure
s
will o
u
tcome in dimini
she
d
acce
pta
n
ce a
m
ong
ci
tizen
s
and
co
nse
que
ntly one
of the motivating rea
s
o
n
s i
n
the su
ccess of the IoT.
An impetuou
s instan
ce th
at clarifie
s what
could o
c
cur i
s
the he
althca
re of pregn
ant
women. Every Gynecologi
s
t, physici
an
illuminates
that defensive
checkup and timely care
are
importa
nt to
prolife
r
ation the stre
ngth le
vel fo
r pregn
ant wome
n. Nume
ro
us re
sea
r
chs exe
m
plify
preg
nan
cy complication
s
prop
ortio
n
s
t
hat
are
g
r
ea
t
e
r f
o
r
so
me
huma
n
it
ies
su
ch a
s
Mus
lim
women’s.
The key cause
for late
treat
ment and illuminates the l
e
ss
er chance
for
persi
stence.
With the
u
s
a
ge of Io
T te
chnolo
g
y in
pregna
nt wome
n he
althcare
takin
g
system
this
discove
r
y is
too significan
t. If these IoT based
sma
r
t healthca
re
a
pplication
s
do not shelte
r privacy anxie
ties
of the p
r
eg
na
nt wom
en’
s t
he h
a
zard
o
c
cur that
ce
rt
ai
n citi
zen
s
fretful with th
eir
privacy
and
self-
respe
c
t will
n
o
t pra
c
tice th
e prospe
cts
o
f
prog
re
ssive in-resi
den
ce preg
nant wo
men ca
re
ta
ki
ng.
The a
s
sumpt
i
on is that p
r
egna
nt wom
en health inf
o
rmatio
n priv
acy and m
e
d
i
cal info
rmati
o
n
f
o
rt
if
icat
ion
st
ruct
u
r
e
s
are
seri
ou
s
f
o
r so
me
ap
plic
atio
ns. In
wh
at way this
ca
n b
e
gu
ara
n
teed
is
a que
stion of a wide
sp
rea
d
civic discu
s
si
on of the prev
ious yea
r
s [1
8].
3.4. Regula
t
ion
Reg
u
lation
h
a
ving
some
own
value
s
and i
s
an
efficient
way
s
t
o
secure the
pe
rsonal
privacy an
d
moral p
r
ivileg
e
s of the pre
gnant wome
n
s
. The EU h
a
s a seri
es o
f
Instructio
ns,
of
whi
c
h the ind
i
vidual inform
ation is the
cruci
a
l e
s
s
ential to shield t
he privileg
e
s
of its resi
den
ts
[24] this lawful agend
a is a tool to in
stru
ct w
hat the vital information fortification and safety
con
s
trai
nts a
r
e of su
ch
a
pplication
s
a
nd deliver
s t
o
eliminate p
r
ohibite
d con
duct that sho
u
ld
certai
nly end
ange
r the priv
acy of re
side
nts and
client
s.
3.5. Priv
ac
y
Aspe
cts
Personal
priv
acy an
d p
r
ot
ection
nee
d to be e
n
tren
ched in
health
care ap
plications to
redu
ce
the th
reat for the
cl
ients. Study for p
e
rs
on
al p
r
ivacy imp
r
ov
ing solution
s
is requi
red fo
r
appli
c
ation
s
.
The h
ealth
care ma
rket has
actu
all
y
ackno
w
led
ged thi
s
vital and
ong
oing
investment in
techn
o
logie
s
su
ch a
s
En
cryption,
Rol
e
-based a
c
ce
ss control,
Dig
i
tal Signature
s
,
Authenticatio
n Mechani
sm
s, Reg
u
lation
s on patie
nt
s’ privacy at h
o
me, Data m
i
ning rul
e
s a
n
d
techn
o
logi
cal
measure
s
which e
n
sure t
he perso
nal
i
n
formatio
n privacy prote
c
tion of patient
s;
adversa
ry ca
nnot dri
p
t
he
person
a
l info
rmation of cli
e
nts. The Eu
ro
pean
Com
m
i
ssi
on, AMA a
n
d
HIPPA invite such
creativities and launched lately
an interaction on the
si
gnificance of privacy
improvin
g technolo
g
ies [2
3
-
26].
3.6. Social Sculpting
Astoundi
ngly
sufficient, within the vari
ous p
ubli
c
ati
ons in the fi
eld, very little can b
e
locate
d on th
e signifi
can
c
e to spe
nd i
n
health
ca
re
information
manag
eme
n
t system mo
d
e
rn
techn
o
logie
s
to assure p
e
rson
al priva
c
y and prid
e of client
s. In residen
ce treatm
ent appli
c
atio
n
situation
s
it
is
unbl
emi
s
he
d that
conci
e
rg
es sh
ould
have
a
c
cessibility o
f
more
me
d
i
cal
kno
w
le
dge
to
su
ppo
rt p
r
e
gnant
wo
ma
n when
requi
red.
Even
when
th
e pre
g
nant wom
an has
actually give
n
app
roval thi
s
in so
me
ca
ses
coul
d be
unple
a
sant. T
o
evade th
ese problem
s I
o
T
appli
c
ation
s
for re
sid
e
n
c
e
treatment n
eed to
have
the ability to ca
rry out
preg
nant wo
men
health
care m
onitorin
g
and
to determin
e
, making u
s
e
of reliable int
e
llect metho
d
s
, if a perge
n
ant
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Internet of Th
ings a
s
Intimating for Preg
nant
Wom
e
n
’
s He
althcare
… (Mir Sajja
d
Hussai
n Talp
ur)
4343
wome
n
con
d
u
ct mi
ght b
e
fit as
wei
r
d
a
nd p
e
rh
ap
s i
m
perili
ng
her health
p
r
om
pting the
de
mand
for
relief fro
m
he
althcare p
r
ofe
ssi
on
als.
A
ddition
ally the point that conside
r
ably fe
wer
informatio
n i
s
comm
unal
with
careta
kers it cre
a
tes th
e
appli
c
ation
ad
ditionally fa
r m
u
ch
effective: Ca
retakers obt
ain a re
que
st just w
hen
rea
s
on
s al
ready existin
g
to be trou
bled
rega
rdi
ng the
pregn
ant wo
men.
4. Conclusion
The in
spi
r
ing
ravag
e
s of t
h
is
system
provi
de a
stron
g
ratio
nale
fo
r a
durable,
medical
trial to dete
r
mine
whethe
r this p
r
eg
nan
t wome
n
he
a
l
thcare syste
m
improves preg
nant wo
men
health
care
control i
n
th
e co
mmunit
y
among
pregna
nt wo
m
en with
un
controlle
d he
alth
compli
cation.The paper exemplif
ied in what
way I
o
T is
utiliz
ed nowadays in experimental
appli
c
ation
s
i
n
clini
c
s a
n
d
envisa
g
e
s
I
o
T ap
plicatio
n setting
s fo
r pre
gna
nt wo
men
care in
the
future. On the
basi
s
of existing literatu
r
e i
t
deter
mine
s that several these a
ppli
c
atio
n setting
s are
sturdily privacy
intrusiv
e.
Our investig
a
t
ion dete
r
min
e
s th
at furth
e
r
mo
re
invest
ment in
priva
c
y
improvin
g te
chnolo
g
ies i
s
required to
g
u
a
rante
e
app
roval of th
e a
pplication
s
b
y
the p
a
tients. It
also recogni
zes, and this
is the utmost signi
ficant
con
c
lu
sio
n
, IoT based he
alth monitori
ng
informatio
n study as vital mean
s to g
uara
n
tee
that
the priva
c
y and
self
-resp
e
ct of pregn
ant
wome
n’s, e
s
p
e
cially in outd
oor he
althcare is este
eme
d
.
Ackn
o
w
l
e
dg
ements
This
wo
rk is
suppo
rted
by the National
Natu
ral S
c
ien
c
e Fou
ndatio
n
of People
s
Republi
c
of Chin
a un
d
e
r g
r
ant n
u
m
bers 6
1073
0
37 an
d 61
10
3035, a
nd th
e Mini
stry of
Educatio
n Fu
nd for
Do
ctoral
Discipline
s
in Hig
her Edu
c
atio
n System, under g
r
ant nu
mber 2
011
01
6211
0043 / 2
012-
2013.
Referen
ces
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n
x
ia
Len
g, Huiq
un Yu, Ji
ngmi
ng W
a
n
g
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ua H
u
a
n
g
. Securin
g
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e
rson
al He
alth
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n
Clou
d
s b
y
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o
rcin
g Stick
y
Polici
e
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T
E
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ourn
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g
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n
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a
rchic
a
l Ma
pR
educ
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