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f
f
er
e
n
t
l
ear
n
er
s
’
co
m
p
et
e
n
ci
e
s
o
f
t
h
e s
a
m
e p
ace
[1
]
.
S
uc
h s
c
e
na
r
i
o
,
m
a
ke
s
t
h
e s
l
o
w
er
p
a
ce
l
ear
n
er
s
s
t
r
ugg
l
e
t
o c
ope
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
co
n
t
en
t
s
d
el
i
v
er
ed
b
y
t
h
e i
n
s
t
r
u
ct
o
r
s
/
l
ect
u
r
er
s
.
H
en
ce,
b
y
b
ei
n
g
ab
l
e t
o
i
d
en
t
i
f
y
ar
ea
s
f
o
r
t
ar
g
et
ed
i
n
t
er
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
t e
a
c
h
le
v
e
l o
f
a
c
h
ie
v
e
m
e
n
t,
it h
a
s
t
h
e
p
o
te
n
tia
l to
b
e
n
e
f
it t
h
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
[2
]
.
T
o
co
m
p
l
i
cat
e
m
at
t
er
s
,
a
m
i
s
m
a
t
c
h
e
d
be
t
w
e
e
n
s
u
ppl
y
a
n
d de
m
a
n
d
o
f
g
r
a
du
a
t
e
s
’
s
k
i
l
l
s
e
t
s
t
o f
u
l
f
i
l
t
h
e
r
e
qu
i
r
e
m
e
nt
of
i
n
dus
t
r
y
i
s
obs
e
r
v
e
d
[3
]
.
T
h
is
m
i
s
m
a
tc
h
is
o
n
l
y
e
x
p
e
c
te
d
to
g
e
t to
u
g
h
e
r
to
b
e
r
e
s
o
l
ve
d
a
s
te
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ic
a
l d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
s
r
e
s
h
a
p
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ie
s
a
n
d
a
lte
r
th
e
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
j
o
b
s
av
ai
l
ab
l
e.
A
cco
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
[4
]
,
39%
of
e
mp
l
o
y
e
r
s
ex
p
er
i
e
n
ced
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
ie
s
t
o f
i
n
d l
a
bou
r
f
or
h
i
gh
-
s
k
il
le
d
v
a
c
a
n
c
ie
s
.
S
u
c
h
s
ta
ti
s
t
ic
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
te
d
w
i
th
[5
]
r
e
p
o
r
t
t
h
at
cu
r
r
en
t
l
y
t
h
er
e i
s
ab
o
u
t
2
2
.
7
%
o
f
2
0
1
6
g
r
ad
u
at
es
i
n
Mal
a
y
s
i
a
w
h
o
ar
e s
t
i
l
l
u
n
e
m
p
l
o
y
ed
ev
e
n
a
f
te
r
6
m
o
n
t
h
s
o
f
g
r
a
d
u
a
tio
n
.
T
h
is
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
g
r
a
d
u
a
te
s
’
s
k
ill
s
s
e
t
s
th
a
t a
r
e
n
o
t
i
n
acco
r
d
an
ce t
o
t
h
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ia
l
r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
a
t
ic
a
n
t
ic
ip
a
tio
n
o
f
s
k
ill
s
n
e
e
d
s
is
e
s
s
e
n
tia
l
to
c
o
n
s
tr
u
c
t
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
an
d
s
t
r
at
eg
i
c r
es
p
o
n
s
es
i
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
m
a
n
ag
e c
h
al
l
e
n
g
es
an
d
p
r
ev
en
t
s
k
i
l
l
m
i
s
m
at
c
h
[6
]
.
M
ar
t
i
n
an
d
N
d
o
y
e
[7
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e a l
ear
n
er
-
ce
n
t
er
ed
as
s
es
s
m
en
t
s
t
ha
t
s
hi
f
t
t
he
m
o
ve
f
r
o
m
gr
a
d
e
s,
m
ar
k
s
a
n
d
cr
ed
i
t
s
t
o
l
ear
n
i
n
g
,
o
u
t
co
m
es
,
an
d
g
r
ad
u
at
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
s
k
i
l
l
s
n
eed
ed
a
s
a
p
r
o
f
es
s
i
o
n
al
.
S
uc
h
ap
p
r
o
ach
i
s
v
er
y
m
u
c
h
i
n
l
i
n
e
w
i
t
h
o
t
h
er
r
es
ear
ch
er
s
’
f
i
n
di
ng
s
t
h
a
t a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t is
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
ta
ll
y
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t to
s
t
ud
e
nt
s
a
nd
i
t is
w
id
e
l
y
r
e
c
o
g
n
i
s
e
d
to
m
o
t
iv
a
te
le
a
r
n
i
n
g
[8
]
.
B
ou
d
[8
]
m
e
nt
i
o
ne
d
t
h
a
t
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
gi
ve
s
in
d
ic
a
to
r
to
le
a
r
ne
r
s
a
b
o
ut
t
he
a
m
o
u
nt
o
f
c
o
nt
e
nt
t
he
l
e
a
r
ne
r
s
s
ho
u
l
d
l
e
a
r
n a
nd
ve
r
i
f
y
t
he
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g t
e
c
h
ni
q
ue
s
u
ita
b
il
it
y
.
F
o
r
in
s
ta
n
c
e
,
if
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
lt o
f
th
e
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t is
g
o
o
d
,
it c
a
n
b
e
h
y
p
o
th
e
s
iz
e
d
th
a
t th
e
le
a
r
n
e
r
s
u
n
d
e
r
s
to
o
d
th
e
c
o
n
te
n
t
w
i
th
r
e
le
v
a
n
t le
a
r
n
in
g
te
c
h
n
iq
u
e.
H
en
ce,
as
s
es
s
m
en
t
r
es
u
l
t
s
o
f
f
e
r
th
e
p
o
te
n
tia
l f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
a
tta
i
n
m
e
n
t a
c
r
o
s
s
ti
m
e
,
in
c
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
t
o
th
e
ir
s
ta
r
tin
g
p
o
in
t to
th
e
ir
p
e
e
r
s
,
a
n
d
/o
r
a
g
a
in
s
t
be
n
c
hm
a
r
ks
or
s
t
a
n
da
r
ds
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
pa
pe
r
,
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
a
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
s
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
i
s
pr
opos
e
d
t
o
pr
o
v
id
e
th
e
in
p
u
t
to
th
e
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
l
ear
n
er
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
i
n
l
i
f
el
o
n
g
l
ear
n
i
n
g
.
T
h
e r
el
ev
an
t
co
n
cep
t
s
ar
e d
i
s
cu
s
s
ed
i
n
S
ec
t
i
o
n
2
.
T
h
e r
es
ear
ch
m
e
t
h
odol
ogy
c
ons
i
s
t
i
n t
hi
s
w
or
k i
s
o
u
t
l
i
n
e
d i
n S
e
c
t
i
o
n
3.
T
h
e
de
v
e
l
op
m
e
nt
of
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
a
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
s
th
e
o
r
e
tic
a
l f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
i
s
a
l
s
o
pr
ov
i
de
d.
S
u
bs
e
qu
e
n
t
l
y
,
t
h
i
s
pa
pe
r
c
on
c
l
u
de
s
w
i
t
h
s
um
m
a
r
y
a
n
d di
s
c
us
s
i
o
n
of
f
u
t
ur
e
w
o
r
k.
2.
LI
TER
A
TU
R
E R
EV
I
EW
L
ear
n
i
n
g
an
al
y
t
i
c
s
i
s
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
,
co
l
l
ect
i
o
n
,
an
al
y
s
i
s
an
d
r
ep
o
r
t
i
n
g
o
f
d
at
a ab
o
u
t
l
ear
n
er
s
an
d
t
he
i
r
c
o
nt
e
xt
s
,
i
n
w
h
i
c
h l
e
a
r
ni
ng t
a
k
es
p
l
ace
[9
],
[1
0
]
.
U
s
u
a
ll
y
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ta
tio
n
w
i
ll u
s
e
a
n
a
l
y
tic
to
o
ls
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e l
ear
n
i
n
g
an
d
ed
u
cat
i
o
n
[
11]
.
I
n
H
E
in
s
ti
tu
tio
n
,
th
e
r
e
a
r
e
3
m
a
j
o
r
r
o
le
s
th
a
t
w
i
ll b
e
b
e
n
e
f
ite
d
b
y
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
in
g
t
h
e
le
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
n
a
l
y
tic
s
.
T
h
e
a
d
m
i
n
is
tr
a
tiv
e
w
ill g
a
in
c
o
m
p
e
titi
v
e
a
d
va
nt
a
g
e
,
i
m
p
r
o
ve
q
ua
l
i
t
y
as
s
u
r
an
ce,
an
d
v
al
u
e o
f
l
ear
n
i
n
g
e
x
p
er
i
en
ce.
F
o
r
ed
u
cat
o
r
s
,
i
t
can
h
el
p
t
h
e
m
t
o
f
ur
t
he
r
p
l
a
n
t
he
i
r
t
e
a
c
hi
ng
a
c
tiv
itie
s
.
F
o
r
le
a
r
n
e
r
s
,
r
e
c
e
iv
i
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
a
b
o
u
t th
e
ir
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
w
ill
h
e
lp
th
e
m
to
r
ef
l
ect
a
n
d
o
p
ti
m
iz
e
th
e
ir
le
a
r
n
i
ng
e
x
p
er
i
en
ces
.
L
e
ar
n
i
n
g
an
al
y
t
i
c
s
can
n
o
t
s
t
an
d
al
o
n
e as
i
t
i
s
an
e
m
er
g
e
n
ce f
r
o
m
v
a
r
i
ous
f
ie
ld
s
s
u
c
h
as
b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
i
n
t
el
l
i
g
e
n
ce,
w
eb
an
al
y
t
i
cs
,
ed
u
cat
i
o
n
al
d
at
a
m
i
n
i
n
g
,
act
i
o
n
a
n
al
y
t
i
cs
,
acad
em
i
c
an
al
y
t
i
c
s
a
n
d
la
te
s
t,
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t a
n
a
l
y
tic
s
[
12]
.
F
ig
u
r
e
1
il
lu
s
tr
a
te
s
th
e
c
o
r
r
e
la
tio
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
L
e
a
r
n
in
g
A
n
a
l
y
t
ic
s
,
B
ig
D
a
ta
A
n
a
l
y
tic
s
a
n
d
I
R
4
.0
. T
h
e
d
i
s
r
up
t
i
ve
t
e
c
hno
l
o
g
y e
m
p
o
w
e
r
s
t
he
I
R
c
o
m
p
o
ne
nt
s
t
o
b
e
ut
i
l
i
z
e
d
a
nd
s
uc
h c
ha
nge
s
a
f
f
e
c
t
t
he
w
a
y t
he
l
ear
n
er
s
’
acce
s
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
l
ear
n
i
n
g
co
n
t
e
n
t
.
T
h
e
h
i
g
h
v
o
l
u
m
e
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
i
o
n
t
h
at
can
b
e
p
r
o
p
ag
at
ed
i
n
h
i
g
h
v
e
lo
c
it
y
s
p
o
ilt th
e
le
a
r
n
e
r
s
’
c
h
o
ic
e
f
o
r
a ch
o
i
ce o
f
l
ear
n
i
n
g
c
o
n
t
en
t
s
.
T
h
es
e v
as
t
a
m
o
u
n
t
s
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
i
o
n
f
r
o
m
va
r
i
o
us
s
o
ur
c
e
s
a
nd
c
o
m
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
m
a
ke
s
up
“
b
i
g d
a
t
a
”
i
n e
d
uc
a
t
i
o
n i
nd
u
s
t
r
y
[
13]
.
B
ig
d
a
ta
a
n
a
l
y
tic
s
,
s
p
eci
f
i
cal
l
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
l
ear
n
i
n
g
a
n
al
y
t
i
cs
i
n
ed
u
cat
i
o
n
co
n
t
e
x
t
t
ak
e ad
v
a
n
t
a
g
e o
f
t
h
e
ex
p
l
o
s
i
o
n
i
n
d
at
a t
o
e
x
t
r
act
in
s
i
g
h
ts
f
o
r
m
a
k
in
g
b
e
tte
r
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
d
e
c
is
io
n
s
.
F
i
gu
r
e
1.
A
s
s
e
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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02
-
4752
I
nd
o
ne
s
i
a
n J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
C
o
m
p
S
c
i
,
V
o
l.
11
, N
o
.
2
,
A
ug
us
t
2018
:
6
82
–
687
684
P
ar
t
o
f
l
ear
n
i
n
g
a
n
al
y
t
i
cs
t
h
at
i
s
f
o
cu
s
i
n
g
o
n
t
h
e r
eal
t
i
m
e as
s
es
s
m
e
n
t
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
i
s
k
n
o
w
n
as
as
s
es
s
m
en
t
a
n
al
y
t
i
c
s
.
T
h
e f
i
e
l
d
i
s
cu
r
r
en
t
l
y
u
n
d
er
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
an
d
u
n
d
er
ex
p
l
o
r
ed
[2
]
.
T
h
e as
s
es
s
m
en
t
d
at
a
in
c
l
u
d
e
,
b
u
t a
r
e
n
o
t li
m
i
te
d
to
: c
o
m
p
le
te
d
d
e
g
r
e
e
a
tta
i
n
m
e
n
t,
p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s
io
n
r
e
s
u
l
ts
,
m
o
d
u
le
r
e
s
u
lts
,
i
n
d
iv
id
u
a
l
as
s
es
s
m
en
t
r
es
u
l
t
s
,
ach
i
ev
e
m
en
t
m
ap
p
ed
ag
ai
n
s
t
e
xp
l
i
c
i
t
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g o
ut
c
o
m
e
s
a
nd
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
s
t
r
e
ngt
hs
a
nd
w
ea
k
n
es
s
e
s
w
i
t
h
i
n
an
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
al
s
t
u
d
en
t
’
s
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e t
r
ad
i
t
i
o
n
al
as
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
ced
u
r
e p
r
e
ci
s
el
y
m
eas
u
r
es
t
h
e
u
s
e
f
u
l
n
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e cu
r
r
i
cu
l
u
m
.
H
o
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
es
e as
s
es
s
m
e
n
t
s
o
n
l
y
o
ccu
r
r
ed
at
t
h
e en
d
o
f
t
h
e
co
u
rs
e
o
r p
ro
g
ra
m
t
o
t
h
e
ex
t
e
n
t
t
h
at
t
h
e s
t
u
d
en
t
s
m
a
y
n
o
t
r
ecei
v
e
an
y
f
eed
b
ack
o
n
t
h
ei
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
co
u
r
s
e
[
14]
.
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
a
t th
e
e
n
d
o
f
th
e
c
o
u
r
s
e
m
i
g
h
t b
e
to
o
la
te
f
o
r
th
e
in
s
tit
u
tio
n
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
le
a
r
n
i
n
g
[
15]
.
E
va
l
ua
t
i
n
g
t
he
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g p
r
o
c
e
s
s
b
y
us
i
n
g a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
a
na
l
y
t
i
c
s
m
i
ght
he
l
p
t
he
H
E
i
n
s
t
i
t
ut
i
o
n
s
t
o
m
a
ke
i
m
m
ed
i
at
e c
h
a
n
ge
s
or
pr
ov
i
de
i
n
t
e
r
v
e
nt
i
on pr
oc
e
du
r
e
s
w
h
e
n n
e
e
de
d.
A
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
i
s
f
un
da
m
e
nt
a
l
l
y
i
m
por
t
a
nt
to
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
i
t a
b
le
t
o
m
o
tiv
a
te
th
e
m
to
le
a
r
n
[1
6
]
–
[
18
]
.
H
ig
h
e
r
E
d
u
c
a
tio
n
(
H
E
)
in
s
t
itu
tio
n
s
a
r
e
c
on
t
i
nu
ous
l
y
s
e
e
k
i
ng
i
m
pr
ove
m
e
nt
of
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
pr
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
a
s
i
t
i
s
a
f
un
da
m
e
n
t
a
l
s
t
u
de
n
t
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
s
u
ppor
t
t
ool
t
o kn
o
w
on
w
ha
t
,
h
o
w
a
n
d
w
he
n s
t
u
de
n
t
s
s
t
u
d
y
a
n
d
l
e
a
r
n
[
19]
.
A
c
hi
e
ve
m
e
nt
s
o
f
s
t
ud
e
nt
s
i
n
gi
ve
n
as
s
es
s
m
en
t
s
r
ef
l
ect
t
h
e l
e
v
el
o
f
s
k
i
l
l
s
an
d
k
n
o
w
l
ed
g
e t
h
at
t
h
e
y
m
a
n
a
g
e t
o
cap
t
u
r
e
[
20]
.
S
et
o
f
s
k
i
l
l
s
a
n
d
k
n
o
w
l
ed
g
e
t
h
at
ar
e o
f
f
er
ed
b
y
each
co
u
r
s
e ca
n
b
e i
d
en
t
i
f
i
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e co
u
r
s
e
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on
a
n
d de
s
c
r
i
pt
i
on
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
doi
n
g
t
h
e
pr
oc
e
s
s
m
a
nu
a
l
l
y
m
a
y
be
c
um
be
r
s
o
m
e
a
n
d t
i
m
e
c
ons
um
i
ng
du
e
t
o h
ug
e
num
be
r
of
doc
um
e
nt
s
t
h
a
t
n
e
e
d t
o be
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
d.
K
n
o
w
l
e
dg
e
e
x
t
r
a
c
t
i
on
t
e
c
hn
i
qu
e
m
i
gh
t
h
e
l
p t
o
eas
e t
h
e p
r
o
ces
s
b
y
au
t
o
m
at
i
c
al
l
y
a
n
al
y
ze
t
h
e d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
s
.
E
x
t
r
a
c
t
i
ng
k
no
w
l
e
d
ge
f
r
o
m
t
e
xt
d
o
c
u
m
e
nt
ha
s
b
e
e
n
a
l
o
ng
-
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g
g
o
al
o
f
N
at
u
r
al
L
an
g
u
ag
e P
r
o
ces
s
i
n
g
an
d
A
r
t
i
f
i
ci
al
I
n
t
el
l
i
g
en
ce.
I
t
i
s
m
a
i
n
l
y
u
s
ed
i
n
m
ed
i
cal
f
i
el
d
s
i
n
an
al
y
zi
n
g
cl
i
n
i
cal
n
ar
r
at
i
v
e
[
21]
–
[
2
5]
,
T
h
is
te
c
h
n
iq
u
e
is
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
tr
a
d
itio
n
a
l n
a
tu
r
a
l la
n
g
u
a
g
e
te
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
,
s
ta
ti
s
tic
al
an
al
y
s
i
s
,
an
d
m
ac
h
i
n
e
l
ear
n
i
n
g
[
26]
.
T
he
r
e
s
ul
t
i
n
g
kno
w
l
e
d
ge
i
s
i
n
m
a
c
hi
ne
-
in
te
r
p
r
et
ab
l
e f
o
r
m
at
t
h
a
t
f
aci
l
i
t
at
es
i
n
f
er
en
c
i
n
g
an
d
q
u
er
y
i
n
g
[
27]
w
hi
c
h c
a
n b
e
us
e
d
f
o
r
i
d
e
nt
i
f
yi
n
g s
ki
l
l
s
ga
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
in
d
u
s
tr
y
r
e
q
u
ir
e
d
s
k
il
ls
s
e
t a
n
d
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
o
b
ta
in
e
d
s
k
ill s
e
ts
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y AND
T
H
EO
R
E
TI
C
A
L F
R
A
M
EW
O
R
K
T
h
er
e ar
e
6
p
h
as
es
i
n
t
h
e a
s
s
es
s
m
en
t
a
n
al
y
t
i
cs
m
o
d
el
w
h
i
ch
ar
e R
e
s
ear
ch
P
l
an
n
i
n
g
,
L
i
t
er
at
u
r
e
R
ev
i
e
w
a
n
d
A
n
al
y
s
i
s
,
D
e
v
el
o
p
T
h
er
et
i
cal
M
o
d
el
,
C
as
e S
t
u
d
y
I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
at
i
o
n
,
E
v
al
u
at
e
R
el
ev
a
n
ce o
f
Mo
d
el
a
n
d R
e
por
t
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
a
n
d D
oc
um
e
nt
a
t
i
on
a
s
s
h
o
w
n i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
2.
F
i
g
u
r
e 2
.
P
h
as
es
i
n
R
es
ear
c
h
M
et
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
F
o
r
r
es
ear
ch
p
l
an
n
i
n
g
,
t
h
e ac
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
t
o
p
er
f
o
r
m
ar
e
f
i
n
e t
u
n
i
n
g
t
h
e r
es
ear
c
h
b
ack
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
pl
a
n
n
i
ng
t
h
e t
i
m
el
i
n
e o
f
t
h
e r
es
ear
ch
,
r
es
ear
ch
b
u
d
g
e
t
an
d
o
t
h
er
s
b
as
i
c g
r
o
u
n
d
w
o
r
k
.
A
t
t
h
e e
n
d
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
h
as
e,
a cl
ear
p
r
o
b
l
em
a
n
d
o
b
j
ect
i
v
es
ar
e o
u
t
l
i
n
ed
.
T
h
en
,
i
n
t
h
e
s
eco
n
d
p
h
as
e,
l
i
t
er
at
u
r
e r
e
v
i
e
w
s
o
n
l
ear
n
i
n
g
a
n
al
y
t
i
c
s
,
as
s
es
s
m
en
t
a
n
al
y
t
i
cs
a
n
d
r
el
at
ed
co
n
cep
t
s
w
er
e i
d
en
t
i
f
i
ed
.
F
u
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
’
s
c
u
r
r
i
cu
l
u
m
s
t
r
u
ct
u
r
e
d
o
cu
m
en
t
s
ar
e al
s
o
an
al
y
zed
t
o
g
et
t
h
e i
d
ea o
n
h
o
w
t
h
e h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
cat
i
o
n
s
p
eci
f
i
cal
l
y
i
n
M
al
a
y
s
i
a i
s
s
t
r
at
eg
i
zed
t
o
en
g
ag
e t
h
e l
ear
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
ces
s
o
f
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
.
I
n
Mal
a
y
s
i
a,
Mi
n
i
s
t
r
y
o
f
H
i
g
h
er
E
d
u
cat
i
o
n
(
M
O
H
E
)
t
h
r
oug
h M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
n
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
on D
e
v
e
l
op
m
e
n
t
P
l
a
n
(
2015
-
2
0
2
5
)
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
nt
i
ng
ne
w
i
nt
e
gr
a
t
i
n
g m
e
c
ha
ni
s
m
f
o
r
as
s
es
s
i
n
g
an
d
r
ep
o
r
t
i
n
g
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
’
d
ev
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce as
w
el
l
as
l
ear
n
i
n
g
g
ai
n
s
o
f
t
h
ei
r
et
h
i
c
s
,
k
n
o
w
le
d
g
e
a
n
d
a
b
ilitie
s
th
r
o
u
gh i
nt
e
gr
a
t
e
d
C
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m
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l
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t
i
ve
G
r
a
d
e
P
o
i
nt
A
ve
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a
ge
(
i
C
G
P
A
)
.
i
C
G
P
A
i
s
a
n i
nt
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gr
a
t
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d
m
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ha
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s
m
f
o
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a
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i
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g a
nd
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p
o
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t
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ng o
f
s
t
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e
nt
s
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d
e
ve
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
a
nd
p
er
f
o
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m
a
n
ce
as
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s
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ear
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g
ai
n
s
o
f
t
h
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r
et
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i
cs
,
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e an
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ab
i
l
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t
i
es
.
T
h
es
e q
u
al
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t
i
es
ar
e r
e
f
l
ect
ed
b
y
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ix
p
r
i
m
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y
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ttr
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s
: e
t
h
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s
a
n
d
s
p
ir
it
u
a
lit
y
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a
d
e
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s
h
ip
s
k
il
ls
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a
tio
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it
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a
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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2502
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
25
02
-
4752
I
nd
o
ne
s
i
a
n J
E
l
e
c
E
ng
&
C
o
m
p
S
c
i
,
V
o
l.
11
, N
o
.
2
,
A
ug
us
t
2018
:
6
82
–
687
686
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a
p
th
a
t n
e
e
d
to
b
e
f
u
l
f
ille
d
b
y
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
d
ur
i
n
g t
he
i
r
s
t
ud
y
.
He
n
c
e
,
AL
L
S
i
s
ne
e
d
e
d
a
s
t
o
s
up
p
o
r
t
t
he
m
i
ni
s
t
r
y’
s
a
ge
nd
a
i
n p
r
o
m
o
t
i
ng d
i
gi
t
i
z
a
t
i
o
n a
nd
c
o
m
p
ut
e
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
n c
ul
t
ur
e
a
m
o
n
g s
t
ud
e
nt
s
.
B
y
ha
vi
ng t
hi
s
a
na
l
yt
i
c
s
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
he
s
t
ud
e
nt
s
w
i
l
l
b
e
m
o
r
e i
n
f
o
r
m
ed
an
d
s
t
r
at
eg
i
c i
n
p
l
an
n
i
n
g
t
h
ei
r
l
ear
n
i
n
g
e
x
p
er
i
en
ces
t
h
a
t
w
ill
h
e
lp
t
h
e
m
in
b
u
ild
in
g
t
h
e
ir
s
k
ill s
e
ts
to
m
a
tc
h
t
h
e
in
d
u
s
tr
i
a
l r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
.
B
y
ha
vi
n
g t
he
s
ki
l
l
s
e
t
r
e
q
ui
r
e
d
b
y t
he
i
nd
us
t
r
y,
t
he
u
ne
m
p
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
r
a
t
e
o
f
gr
a
d
ua
t
e
s
i
s
e
nvi
s
a
ge
d
t
o
b
e
r
e
d
uc
e
d
.
T
h
i
s
i
s
b
ecau
s
e t
h
e
m
i
s
m
at
ch
b
et
w
ee
n
s
u
p
p
l
y
a
n
d
d
e
m
an
d
o
f
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
a
n
d
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
’
s s
k
i
l
l
se
t
s i
s l
e
s
se
n
.
T
h
i
s
m
o
d
el
al
s
o
w
i
l
l
l
ead
t
o
au
t
o
m
at
i
o
n
o
f
ch
o
o
s
i
n
g
t
h
e co
r
r
ect
v
al
u
e ad
d
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
af
t
er
t
h
e a
n
al
y
t
i
cs
p
ar
t
i
s
d
o
n
e
a
s
pe
r
s
u
gg
e
s
t
e
d i
n
I
R
4.
0.
R
EF
ER
EN
C
ES
[
1]
D
ie
tz
-
U
h
l
e
r
, B
., H
u
r
n,
J
.
U
s
i
n
g
L
e
a
r
ni
ng
A
na
l
y
t
i
c
s
t
o
P
r
e
di
c
t
(
a
nd I
m
pr
ov
e
)
S
t
u
de
nt
S
uc
c
e
s
s
:
A
F
a
c
ul
t
y
P
er
s
p
ect
i
v
e.
J
our
nal
of
I
nt
e
r
ac
t
i
v
e
O
nl
i
ne
L
e
ar
ni
ng.
20
13
;
12
(
1
)
:
17
–
26
.
[
2]
E
l
l
i
s
,
C
.
B
r
oa
de
ni
ng
t
he
S
c
o
pe
a
nd I
nc
r
e
a
s
i
ng
t
he
U
s
e
f
ul
ne
s
s
of
L
e
a
r
ni
ng
A
na
l
y
t
i
c
s
:
T
he
C
a
s
e
f
o
r
A
s
s
es
s
m
en
t
A
n
al
y
t
i
cs
.
B
r
i
t
i
s
h J
our
n
al
o
f
E
du
c
at
i
o
nal
T
e
c
hn
ol
o
gy
.
2
01
3;
44(
4)
:
66
2
–
66
4.
[
3]
M
i
ni
s
t
r
y
of
E
duc
a
t
i
o
n M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
(
M
oE
)
,
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
E
duc
a
t
i
on B
l
ue
p
r
i
nt
20
15
-
20
25 (
H
i
g
he
r
E
d
uc
a
t
i
on
)
.
2
01
5.
[
4]
J
a
y
n
e,
T
.
G
r
ad
u
at
ed
W
i
t
h
A
P
h
D
B
u
t
J
o
b
l
es
s
? H
er
e’
s
W
h
y
,
L
e
ade
r
o
nom
i
c
s
.
c
om
.
20
17.
[
O
nl
i
ne
]
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
bl
e
:
h
ttp
s
:/
/le
a
d
e
r
o
n
o
m
ic
s
.
c
o
m
/b
u
s
in
e
s
s
/s
l1
m
-
g
r
ad
u
at
ed
-
but
-
j
o
b
l
es
s
.
[
A
cces
s
ed
:
2
3
-
F
eb
-
20
18]
.
[
5]
G
h
az
al
i
,
A
.
G
r
ad
u
an
&
P
e
n
g
an
g
g
u
r
an
.
”
[
O
n
l
i
n
e]
.
A
v
ai
l
ab
l
e:
ht
t
p:
/
/
w
w
w
.
s
i
na
r
ha
r
i
a
n.
c
om
.
m
y
/
m
obi
l
e
/
k
a
m
pus
/
g
r
a
dua
n
-
pe
ng
a
ng
g
u
r
an
-
1.
7
54
23
3.
[
A
c
c
e
s
s
e
d:
23
-
Fe
b
-
2
01
8]
.
[
6]
I
ny
e
r
na
t
i
ona
l
L
a
bour
O
f
f
i
c
e
(
I
L
O
)
.
A
nt
i
c
i
pa
t
i
ng
a
n
d M
a
t
c
hi
ng
S
k
i
l
l
s
a
nd J
o
bs
.
20
15
.
[
7]
M
a
r
t
i
n,
F
.
,
N
doy
e
,
A
.
U
s
i
ng
L
e
a
r
ni
ng
A
na
l
y
t
i
c
s
t
o
A
s
s
e
s
s
S
t
ude
nt
L
e
a
r
ni
ng
i
n O
nl
i
ne
C
our
s
e
s
.
J
our
nal
of
U
n
i
ver
s
i
t
y T
ea
ch
i
n
g
&
L
e
ar
ni
ng P
r
ac
t
i
c
e
.
2
01
6;
13
(
3
)
:
7.
[
8]
B
oud
,
D
.
A
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
a
nd
L
e
a
r
ni
ng
:
C
on
t
r
a
di
c
t
or
y
or
C
om
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
r
y
?
,
A
ss
e
ssme
n
t
f
o
r L
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
i
n
Hi
g
h
e
r
E
duc
a
t
i
o
n.
19
55:
3
5
-
48
.
[
9]
S
i
e
m
e
ns
,
G
.
,
L
ong
,
P
.
P
e
ne
t
r
a
t
i
n
g
t
he
F
og
:
A
na
l
y
t
i
c
s
i
n L
e
a
r
ni
ng
a
nd E
d
uc
a
t
i
o
n.
E
DUC
A
U
S
E
R
e
v
i
e
w
.
201
1;
46(
5)
:
30
–
3
2.
[
1
0]
L
es
t
er
,
J
.
,
K
l
ei
n
,
C
.
,
R
an
g
w
al
a,
H
.
,
J
o
h
r
i
,
A
.
L
ear
n
i
n
g
A
n
al
y
t
i
cs
i
n
H
i
g
h
er
E
d
u
cat
i
o
n
.
A
SH
E
H
i
ghe
r
E
d
uc
at
i
o
n
R
e
por
t
.
20
17
;
4
3(
5)
:
9
–
1
33.
[
1
1]
Hu
ssa
i
n
S
.
,
Da
h
a
n
N.
A
.
,
B
a
-
A
l
w
i
b F
.
M
.
,
a
nd R
i
ba
t
a
N
.
E
duc
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
da
t
a
m
i
ni
ng
a
nd a
na
l
y
s
i
s
of
s
t
ude
nt
s
’
a
c
a
de
m
i
c
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
us
i
ng
W
E
K
A
.
I
ndo
ne
s
i
an
J
our
n
al
of
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
al
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng an
d
C
om
put
e
r
Sc
i
e
nc
e
.
2
018
;
9(
2)
:
44
7
–
459
.
[
1
2]
F
e
r
g
us
on,
R
.
L
e
a
r
ni
ng
A
na
l
y
t
i
cs
:
D
r
i
v
er
s
,
D
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
s
an
d
C
h
al
l
en
g
es
.
I
nt
e
r
n
at
i
o
na
l
J
o
ur
n
al
of
T
e
c
h
nol
ogy
E
nh
anc
e
d L
e
ar
ni
ng
.
20
12
;
4
(5
-
6)
:
30
4
-
31
7.
[
1
3]
Y
u
s
o
f
M
.
K
.
an
d
M
an
M
.
E
f
f
i
ci
e
n
cy
o
f
f
l
at
f
i
l
e d
at
ab
as
e ap
p
r
o
ach
i
n
d
at
a s
t
o
r
ag
e an
d
d
at
a ex
t
r
act
i
o
n
f
o
r
b
i
g
d
at
a.
I
nd
one
s
i
a
n J
o
ur
na
l
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
al
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng
an
d C
om
p
ut
e
r
Sc
i
e
n
c
e
.
201
8;
9(
2)
:
4
60
–
4
73.
[
1
4]
V
a
nt
e
d
du
,
G
.
,
S
om
a
r
a
j
a
n,
C
.
A
‘
C
ont
i
nuo
us
I
m
pr
ov
e
m
e
nt
’
-
ba
s
e
d
A
ppr
oa
c
h f
or
t
he
A
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
of
S
t
ude
nt
L
ear
n
i
n
g
.
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
on
al
J
o
ur
n
al
o
f
I
nf
or
m
at
i
on
an
d O
pe
r
a
t
i
o
n M
an
age
m
e
nt
E
duc
a
tio
n
.
20
12;
5(
1)
:
8
6
–
10
3.
[
1
5]
S
u
s
k
i
e
, L
.
A
s
s
e
s
s
i
ng
St
u
de
nt
L
e
a
r
ni
ng:
A
C
om
m
o
n Se
ns
e
G
ui
de
.
T
hi
r
d E
d
i
t
i
o
n.
S
a
n
F
r
a
nc
i
s
c
o,
C
A
:
J
os
s
e
y
-
B
a
ss,
201
8.
[
1
6]
B
l
o
x
h
am
,
S
.
,
B
o
y
d
,
P
.
D
ev
el
o
p
i
n
g
E
f
f
ect
i
v
e
A
s
s
es
s
m
en
t
i
n
H
i
g
h
er
E
d
u
cat
i
o
n
:
A
P
r
act
i
cal
G
u
i
d
e.
B
er
k
s
h
i
r
e,
E
ng
l
a
nd:
M
c
G
r
a
w
-
H
ill Ed
u
c
a
tio
n
,
2
0
0
7
.
[
1
7]
B
oud
,
D
.
,
F
a
l
c
hi
k
ov
,
N
.
I
nt
r
o
duc
t
i
on:
A
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
f
or
t
he
L
ong
e
r
T
e
r
m
.
R
e
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
A
sse
ssme
n
t
i
n
Hi
g
h
e
r
E
duc
a
t
i
o
n:
L
e
ar
ni
n
g f
or
t
he
L
o
ng
e
r
T
e
r
m
,
M
a
di
s
on
A
v
e
nue
,
N
e
w
Y
or
k
:
R
out
l
e
dg
e
,
20
07
:
3
–
13
.
[
1
8]
D
o
c
h
y
, F
., S
e
g
e
r
s
,
M
.
,
G
i
j
b
el
s
,
D
.
,
S
t
r
u
y
v
en
,
K
.
A
s
s
es
s
m
en
t
E
n
g
i
n
eer
i
n
g
:
B
r
eak
i
n
g
D
o
w
n
B
ar
r
i
er
s
B
et
w
e
en
T
ea
ch
i
n
g
an
d
L
ear
n
i
n
g
,
an
d
A
s
s
es
s
m
en
t
.
R
e
t
hi
nk
i
n
g A
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
i
n H
i
ghe
r
E
duc
a
t
i
o
n:
L
e
ar
ni
n
g
f
or
t
he
L
o
nge
r
T
er
m
,
M
a
di
s
o
n A
v
e
nue
,
N
e
w
Y
or
k
:
R
out
l
e
dg
e
,
20
07:
8
7
–
10
0.
[
1
9]
D
a
l
l
a
, L
., S
t
a
n
d
e
r
, J
.,
G
r
e
s
t
y
, K
.
, E
a
l
e
s
, J
., W
e
i
, Y
.
St
ak
e
hol
de
r
P
e
r
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
s
on G
r
aph
i
c
al
T
oo
l
s
f
or
V
i
s
u
al
i
s
i
n
g
St
u
de
nt
A
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
a
nd
F
e
e
db
ac
k
D
at
a
.
2
01
8.
[
2
0]
N
i
s
w
at
i
n
R
.
K
.
P
r
ed
i
ct
i
o
n
o
f
co
l
l
eg
e s
t
u
d
en
t
ach
i
ev
em
en
t
b
as
ed
o
n
ed
u
cat
i
o
n
al
b
ack
g
r
o
u
n
d
u
s
i
n
g
d
eci
s
i
o
n
t
r
ee
m
e
t
hods
.
I
nd
one
s
i
an J
o
ur
n
al
of
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
al
E
n
gi
ne
e
r
i
n
g a
nd
C
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.