TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol. 12, No. 10, Octobe
r 20
14, pp. 7202
~ 720
8
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
12i8.638
9
7202
Re
cei
v
ed
Jun
e
13, 2014; Revi
sed
Jul
y
1
5
, 2014; Acce
pted Augu
st 2, 2014
Theory of the Solution of Inventive Problems for
Flexure Design in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems
Huiling Yu,
Shanshan Cui*
Dep
a
rtment of informati
on an
d computer e
n
g
in
eer
i
ng, Nort
heast forestr
y
univ
e
rsit
y
,
C
h
i
na,
Harbi
n
cit
y
of Heil
on
gji
a
n
g
Provinc
e
, 26 He
xing R
oad,
Xi
an fan
g
Distri
c
t, Northeast F
o
restr
y
U
n
iv
ers
i
t
y
, 15
004
0,
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, em
ail
:
cuishans
ha
n5
101
22@
16
3.co
m)
A
b
st
r
a
ct
In this pa
per
d
e
tail
of the o
p
ti
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
of a fl
exure
desi
gn w
h
ich
is use
d
i
n
ma
ny MEMS d
e
vices w
ill
be
prese
n
ted.
Du
e to
a
differe
n
c
e i
n
th
ermal
expa
nsio
n c
o
e
fficients b
e
tw
een th
e fl
ip-ch
i
p b
o
n
ded
ME
MS
devic
e an
d the substrate, cool
i
ng after bo
ndi
n
g
can c
aus
e th
e MEMS to buckle; It is necessary to decre
as
e
the i
n
flue
nce
of distorti
on
b
y
usin
g th
e co
rrect materi
a
l
selecti
on,
w
e
ld
ing metho
d
,
w
e
ld des
ign,
fixt
ur
e
desi
gn, te
mper
ature co
ntrol a
nd T
R
IZ
. W
e
can se
ek
out pr
incip
l
es th
at ca
n solve th
e pr
obl
e
m
. It can
b
e
concl
ude
d th
at an
opti
m
al fl
e
x
ure
desi
gn w
i
ll i
n
clu
d
e
the
l
ong
est fol
d
l
e
ngth
an
d s
m
a
l
lest fol
d
sp
aci
n
g
possi
ble. By solvin
g the d
e
fo
rmati
on pr
obl
e
m
of MEMS
de
vices can pr
o
m
ote th
e dev
el
op
me
nt of flip chi
p
techno
lo
gy, an
d mak
e
for the further app
licat
ion of
the T
R
IZ
theory in the s
t
udy of forestry equi
p
m
ent.
Ke
y
w
ords
:
TRIZ conflict m
a
trix, coefficient of thermal
exp
a
n
s
ion, pi
le w
e
ldi
ng, para
m
eter chan
ges
Copy
right
©
2014 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
With the
a
d
vancement
s
of MEMS fou
n
d
ry
serv
i
c
e
s
and
TRIZ
too
l
s, the
flexure de
sig
n
[1] in MEMS
device
s
can
be cost
-effect
ively desig
ne
d. In this
pap
er
we d
e
tail t
he optimi
z
ati
on of
a flexure d
e
si
gn that is
use
d
in many M
E
MS
device
s
. Due to a
differen
c
e in th
ermal
expan
sion
coeffici
ents [2] between
the flip-chi
p b
onde
d ME
M
S
device
a
n
d
the
su
bst
r
ate, co
oling
after
bondi
ng
can
cau
s
e
the M
E
MS to bu
ckl
e. It is the
r
ef
ore
ne
ce
ssary to de
cre
a
se the i
n
fluen
ce of
distortio
n
by usin
g the co
rrect mate
rial
sele
cti
on, wel
d
ing metho
d
, weld de
sign,
fixture desig
n,
temperature
control and T
R
IZ as Fig
u
re
1 sho
w
s.
Figure 1. Wel
d
ing Desi
gn
Con
n
e
c
tion
Since mi
cro-electroni
c co
mpone
nts a
n
d
micr
o-syste
m
s have
a re
volutionary i
m
pact o
n
peopl
es’ life, MEMS [4] trie
d to make m
e
ch
ani
cal
co
mpone
nts o
r
system
s, sen
s
or, a
c
tuato
r
an
d
instru
ment e
quipme
n
t min
i
aturization. T
hat ca
n fore
see MEMS ca
n make a g
r
e
a
t differen
c
e
to
pers
o
ns
in the future. With the increas
i
ng
integ
r
a
t
ion of ele
c
tronic
co
mpon
ents, pa
ckag
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Theo
ry of the
Solution of Inventi
v
e Pro
b
l
e
m
s
for Flexu
r
e De
sig
n
in
… (Huili
ng Y
u
)
7203
dimen
s
ion
s
d
e
velop to
wa
rds
su
b mi
cro
n
grade
even
deep
sub m
i
cro
n
. MEMS
, photoele
c
tron
and mi
cro
-
se
nso
r
s
have v
a
riou
s fo
rms,
compl
e
x st
ru
cture
and
non
-stan
d
a
r
d, wh
ich p
u
ts forward
a big ch
allen
ge for pa
cka
ge tech
nolo
g
y
. To preven
t the device
(due to the
r
mal mism
atch)
prod
uci
ng to
o
mu
ch
stre
ss
is the
key p
r
o
b
lem in
pa
ckage te
ch
nolo
g
y, whi
c
h l
e
a
d
s to
de
crea
sing
reliability in t
he processes of dy
namic
resource encapsul
ating. In
order to
solv
e this probl
em
,
TRIZ is u
s
e
d
in packa
ge tech
nolo
g
y. This pa
pe
r
uses the LE
D
of the infrare
d
cam
e
ra
as the
obje
c
t of stu
d
y and
com
b
ine
s
TRIZ
confli
ct matri
x
(Table
1).
Find the o
p
t
imization of
the
para
m
eters a
nd the det
eri
o
ration
of
the
para
m
eters,
and the
n
se
e
k
out a P
r
inci
ple to solve the
probl
em.
Table 1. TRIZ
Conflict Matri
x
The possible deterioration of en
gi
neering pa
ramet
e
rs
The invention
creation principle
1
2
…
…
39
The possible
improvement
of engineering
paramete
r
s
1Weight of
moving object
---
…
…
…
35,3
24,37
Separation
1
2 Weight of
stationar
y
object
…
---
…
…
1,28
15,35
…
2
…
…
…
…
---
…
…
…
39
Production
efficiency
35,26
24,37
28,27
15,3
…
…
---
Pure gas
environment
39
Compound
material
40
2. Technolo
g
y
Inno
v
a
tion Theor
y
Based on TRIZ
Theor
y
TRIZ [5] is a
method fo
r creating a
scie
nce.
It is o
r
ie
nted to gui
de
peopl
e to in
novation.
To operate a
nd Implement
accordi
ng to the different
p
r
oble
m
s, different stag
es, so the invention
can b
e
qu
anti
f
ied and
cont
rolled. T
R
IZ analysi
s
tool
s includ
e ARIZ
algorithm, S
u
-field a
nalysis,
confli
ct analysis an
d functi
onal analy
s
is.
Those
tool
s are u
s
ed for
analyzi
ng, problem mod
e
l and
conve
r
si
on. I
n
the p
r
o
c
e
s
s of techni
cal co
nflic
t, check
the
c
o
nflic
t matrix. Different c
o
ntrol
para
m
eters
(A value of 1
or 2
)
will p
r
o
duce diffe
re
nt techni
cal
co
nflict (conflict
1 and
confli
ct 2).
Cho
o
se p
r
op
er p
a
ra
meters in
ord
e
r to seek out
a
correct
prin
cipl
e. Then
apply t
he ap
plicatio
n of
confli
ct matri
x
and inventi
on pri
n
ci
ple to form
the i
nnovation p
r
i
n
cipl
e sol
u
tio
n
(As
sho
w
n
in
Figure 2).
Figure 2. Con
f
lict Analysis
Process
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02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 10, Octobe
r 2014: 720
2
– 7208
7204
3. Flexible Design Innov
a
t
ion Meth
od
s in Flip Welding Techno
log
y
3.1. Flip Chip Bonding T
echnology
Flip chip
bon
ding [6
-8] i
s
that the
chip
ele
c
trod
e
wi
ll be
pla
c
ed
face
do
wn.
T
he
chip
electrode mu
st be in alignment with the sub
s
trate
pads. Throu
gh heating a
nd pre
s
suri
zi
ng
method,
after the got-up rack on the chip ele
c
trod
e
or su
bstrate
pad in adva
n
ce
colla
pse
s
or
melts, the chip ele
c
tro
d
e
is co
uple
d
with
the sub
s
trate
co
rre
spondi
ng wel
d
ing a
r
ea. T
he
advantag
es
of flip chi
p
bondi
ng,
①
Remove
the
co
nne
ction
requ
est to
th
e wi
re
bon
ding.
Shorten the i
n
terconn
ectio
n
distan
ce.
②
Improve t
he input / ou
tput (I/O) de
nsity.
③
Occupy
small
sp
ace
on th
e
circuit boa
rd.
④
Com
p
ly wit
h
the
cu
rren
t trend
of hi
gh d
e
n
s
ity and
miniaturi
z
atio
n of micro
e
le
ctroni
c pa
cka
g
ing. In
the Flip TAB weldi
ng, the chip
on the su
bstrate
install
s
up
sid
e
down. As shown
in Figu
re 2, com
pare flip TAB with the ordina
ry TAB, placing
chip
clo
s
e to the metal cov
e
r is the big
g
e
st
advanta
g
e
, which can
control heat
effectively. F
o
r
the ordina
ry
TAB (Figu
r
e
3), flip TAB (Figure
2
)
ha
s the
assem
b
ly of high
er den
sity and
the
better ra
diatio
n effect.
Figure 3. Flip TAB (down)
Figure 4. TAB up
3.2. The Rea
s
on of th
e Bonding Failure in Infrared
Camera
Although
a lo
t of MEMS d
e
vice
s u
s
e
d
f
lip chip
TAB, they also exi
s
t the
bon
din
g
failure
.The rea
s
on
s as follo
ws:
T
here
will
be
a
co
mpress
ive
or ten
s
ile
stress of th
e int
e
rface b
e
twe
en
different mate
rials. Th
e device
s
are often
subj
e
c
ted to thermal
cyclin
g durin
g ope
ration becau
se
of a
differen
c
e in th
erm
a
l
expan
sion
co
efficients bet
wee
n
the
flip
-chi
p
bond
ed
MEMS d
e
vice
and the
su
bst
r
ate. Thi
s
rea
s
on
ca
n p
r
od
uce th
e pe
rio
d
ic she
a
r stre
ss on weldi
n
g
su
rface
du
rin
g
operation. So
lder
cra
c
k ev
en the wafer cra
c
k
wo
uld
be forme
d
caused by the
perio
dic
she
a
r
stre
ss. Eventually lead to
device fail
ure due to t
h
e
r
mal fatigu
e. In the chi
p
a
nd the b
ondi
ng
layer, the
maximal
thermal
shea
r defo
r
mation [9] ca
n be estimate
d by a formul
a.
d
T
D
S
2
/
(1)
Here, S i
s
th
e the
r
mal
sh
ear defo
r
mati
on; D is
chip
diag
onal
si
ze; d i
s
weldi
ng laye
r
t
h
ick
n
e
ss;
∆
T
=
Tmax
-Tmin,
Tmax is the
solidifi
c
ation
of
the solde
r
wire
tempe
r
at
ure, Tmi
n
i
s
t
he
lowe
st tempe
r
ature screeni
ng device;
∆α
is the the
r
ma
l expansi
on
coefficient
s be
tween th
e chi
p
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Theo
ry of the
Solution of Inventi
v
e Pro
b
l
e
m
s
for Flexu
r
e De
sig
n
in
… (Huili
ng Y
u
)
7205
and th
e sub
s
trate m
a
terial.
Wh
en
∆α
is
bigger, S becomes more.
T
he increase of S will l
ead to
buckle of the
device mo
re
easily.
3.3. The Solution of the
Bonding F
a
ilure in Infrare
d
Camera
In this pa
per,
we rega
rd th
e wel
d
ing p
r
oce
s
s a
s
the
resea
r
ch obj
ect. Accordin
g to the
basi
c
solvin
g
step
s of the
pro
c
e
s
s inn
o
v
ation, discu
s
s the
flexure
de
sign
inn
o
vation m
e
thod
of
Weldi
ng te
ch
nology. Solve the ba
si
c
probl
em
s in
weldi
ng p
r
o
c
ess ba
se
d o
n
TRIZ
co
nflict
res
o
lv
ing the
o
rie
s
.
The ba
si
c
element
s of
weldi
ng te
chn
o
logy in
n
o
vation met
hod
s in
clud
e
confli
c
t
para
m
eters a
nd
p
r
in
ciple
s
about we
ldi
n
g process. T
he weldin
g p
r
ocess
of co
nflict pa
ramet
e
rs
refer to
the p
a
ram
e
ter
hav
ing the o
ppo
site be
hav
ior in
wel
d
ing proce
s
s.
The p
r
inci
ple
s
can be
received
by t
hese
confli
ct
para
m
eters i
n
T
R
IZ
c
onfli
ct mat
r
ix. Accordin
g to
the
factors
(affe
cting
the weldi
ng
pro
c
e
s
s) an
d
the flexure
desi
gn [10], cha
ngin
g
pa
rameters (fol
d
spa
c
ing, fol
d
length) can re
duce
the
wa
rpage.
Fold
sp
acin
g and fol
d
length can
be sh
own in Figure 5.
Figure 5. Parameters for t
he Flexure Desig
n
Thro
ugh te
ch
nical an
alysi
s
and abst
r
a
c
t, 10 weldin
g p
a
ram
e
ters an
d the prin
cipl
es of
the weldin
g p
r
ocess are
su
mmari
zed. I
n
the p
r
a
c
tical
appli
c
ation,
u
s
e
2 p
a
ra
met
e
rs of th
e 1
0
weldi
ng pa
ra
meters to sh
ow the two
si
des in the
co
nflict with the
internal p
e
rf
orma
nce.
Us
e
the
conflict m
a
trix
to sho
w
confli
ct
rel
a
tions
bet
wee
n
para
m
eters i
n
the
wel
d
ing
pro
c
e
s
s. Th
e
spe
c
ific
conte
n
ts are li
sted
in Table 2.
Table 2. The
Confli
ct Para
meters of the Weldi
ng Pro
c
ess
Serial number
Parameters
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Weight of non-m
o
ving object
Area of non
-moving object
Volume of non-m
o
ving object
Tension, pressur
e
Stability
of object
Reliability
Manufacturabilit
y
Convenience of
use
Reparabilit
y
Adaptability
The conflict
para
m
eters a
r
e u
s
ed in th
e fiel
d of wel
d
ing technol
o
g
y innovation
,
a part
from u
s
ing T
R
IZ to explai
n and
state i
n
the wel
d
ing
pro
c
e
ss, a
n
o
t
her pa
rt from
the sum
m
ary of
the weldi
n
g
techniq
ue (flexure de
sig
n
). In
the actual weldin
g pro
c
e
ss,
becau
se of the
cha
r
a
c
teri
stic para
m
eters
of itse
lf, there
is the
confli
ct betwe
en
with the same
p
a
ram
e
ters. Such
as "
s
pe
ed" p
a
ram
e
ter,
wh
ich
contai
ns t
he weldin
g speed,
wire fe
ed rate, wi
re
melting
spe
ed,
cooli
ng spee
d. When th
e wire fe
ed spe
ed is imp
r
ove
d
, the weldin
g spe
ed
can
be take
n a tu
rn
for the worse.
Therefore, in
novat
ive person con
s
ide
r
s
confli
ct relatio
n
shi
p
s b
e
twe
en pa
ramete
rs
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ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 10, Octobe
r 2014: 720
2
– 7208
7206
comp
re
hen
si
vely, in orde
r to gain b
e
st
innovati
on so
lutions of
eve
r
y
paramete
r
comp
re
hen
si
ve
perfo
rman
ce.
In orde
r to solve the confl
i
ct, the confli
ct
relation
shi
p
s of 10 conf
lict para
m
ete
r
s in the
weldi
ng p
r
o
c
ess are sho
w
n in Tabl
e 3.
A row
re
p
r
e
s
ents the
opti
m
ization
of the paramete
r
s and
a column
rep
r
esents the
d
e
terio
r
ation
o
f
the p
a
ram
e
ters.
The
p
r
in
ciple
s
are
li
sted in
this tabl
e,
the figure
s
in front is the re
comm
end
ed
choi
ce p
r
in
cip
l
e.
Table 3. Welding Pro
c
e
s
s Confli
ct Matri
x
Table
The possible deterioration of en
gineering pa
ramet
e
rs
1 2
3
4 5 6
7 8
9
10
The
possible
improvement
of
engineering
paramete
r
s
1
2
3
4
35,24
35,16
5
6
7
8
9
10
Her
e
,
the
r
e a
r
e two p
a
irs o
f
conflict pa
ra
meters.
Seek out the prin
ci
ple in orde
r to solve
the probl
em o
ne by one.
(1) In
creasi
n
g
the fold length can b
e
use
d
in flexure d
e
sig
n
.
The st
ron
g
vibration
of the
micro scale
atom
refle
c
ts the existen
c
e of the temp
eratu
r
e.
The
tem
perature gradient between
different m
a
terial
s
will produce
the heat.
Heat [11-12], as
everyone
kn
o
w
s, move
s in
three
ways:
con
d
u
c
tion,
convectio
n
an
d radi
ation. Condu
ction i
s
the
main mod
e
of solid he
at transfer.
Intro
d
u
c
e the first way: condu
ctio
n.
)
/
(
dX
dT
k
q
(2)
Here, q is th
e heat flow
den
sity along
a gi
ven dire
ction; k is th
e heat co
nd
uctivity;
(dT/dx) is th
e temp
eratu
r
e g
r
adie
n
t. Increa
sing
th
e temp
eratu
r
e g
r
adie
n
t
can p
r
o
duce
more
heat. Flexure
desi
gn
can
be u
s
ed t
o
red
u
ce the
wa
rpag
e by
increa
sing
fold len
g
th. T
h
e
optimizatio
n of the para
m
eter is the
stre
ss a
nd
pre
s
sure (4
) and the de
terioration of
the
para
m
eter i
s
the volume o
f
non-movin
g
object (3)
,
so we
can u
s
e paramete
r
cha
nge
s (35) in
the confli
ct matrix (Table 3
)
.
The explan
ation is given a
s
follows; we
can use the formula (3
) to explain it.
A
Ws
/
(3)
In the formul
a (3
),
σ
i
s
th
e
sh
ear st
re
ss;
Ws i
s
the
sh
ear fo
rce; A i
s
the
cro
s
s section
a
l
area.
T
he cro
ss se
ction
a
l area
i
s
p
r
op
o
r
tional
to the
fold length, o
n
the contra
ry,
σ
is inversely
prop
ortio
nal t
o
that of the
cro
s
s
se
ction
a
l area.
Whe
n
we in
crea
se the fold
len
g
th, A (the
cross
se
ctional a
r
e
a
) will in
crea
se, in a result,
σ
will minish. Therefo
r
e,
increa
sing th
e fold length
can
be used in fle
x
ure de
sign t
o
redu
ce the
warpag
e.
In theory, we
can confirm
that incre
a
si
n
g
the fold length can redu
ce the warp
a
ge. We
can
prove
it throu
gh exp
e
riments.
Chan
ge the le
ngt
h
of the fold le
ngth at different tempe
r
at
ure
s
(0.7
℃
, 26.7
℃
), and
we
can g
e
t the a
m
ount of def
ormatio
n
valu
e (Ta
b
le 4, T
able 5
)
. We
can
con
c
lu
de that
the amount
of deformatio
n
value is n
o
t always
pro
p
o
rtional to the
fold length. T
hat
is to
say, wh
en the l
ength
of the fold l
ength ex
cee
d
s a
value, i
n
crea
sing
th
e fold le
ngth
can
cau
s
e the d
e
c
re
ase of def
ormatio
n
. Ho
wever, in
cr
ea
sing the fold l
ength can ca
use the in
cre
a
se
of the cro
s
s section
a
l are
a
. We ca
n co
nfirm that con
c
l
u
sio
n
again.
Table 4. The
r
mal Defo
rmat
ion Value
s
M
easure
d
at 0.7
Ԩ
Length
()
mm
0
8
16
24 32
40
48 56
Deformation
()
um
0
2.9538
4.3132
4.8852
5.8664
8.174
5.8664
4.8852
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TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Theo
ry of the
Solution of Inventi
v
e Pro
b
l
e
m
s
for Flexu
r
e De
sig
n
in
… (Huili
ng Y
u
)
7207
Length
()
mm
64
72
80
Deformation
()
um
4.3132
2.9538
0
Table 5. The
r
mal Defo
rmat
ion Value
s
M
easure
d
at 26
.7
Ԩ
Length
()
mm
0
8
16 24
32 40 48
56
Deformation
()
um
0
6.8972
10.275
11.454
12.606
15.325
12.606
11.454
Length
()
mm
64
72
80
Deformation
()
um
10.275
6.8972
0
A g
r
ap
h is d
r
a
w
n b
y
the
s
e tw
o ta
b
l
es
. Th
r
o
ug
h
the a
nalysi
s
of
the grap
h, we ca
n
d
r
a
w
a
con
c
lu
sio
n
that this is an a
x
is of symmetry (As sho
w
n
in Figure 6).
.
Figure 6. Sch
e
matic Di
ag
ram of Differe
nt
Body Surface The
r
mal E
x
pansi
on Val
ues
(2)
Red
u
ci
ng
the fold spa
c
i
ng ca
n be u
s
ed in flexure
desi
g
n
Flexure
de
sig
n
ca
n be
use
d
to red
u
ce the
warp
age
by redu
cin
g
the fold
spa
c
i
ng. The
optimizatio
n of the para
m
eter is the
stre
ss a
nd
pre
s
sure (4
) and the de
terioration of
the
para
m
eter i
s
the manufa
c
tura
bility
(7)
,
so we can
also u
s
e p
a
r
amete
r
chan
ges
(35
)
in the
confli
ct matri
x
(Table 3).
As is mentio
ned ab
ove
,
i
n
the formul
a (S=D
∆α∆
T
/
2d). Wh
en
we
reduce the fold spac
ing, D (the diagonal size of chi
p
) w
ill decrease, in a result,
s will mi
nish.
Therefore, de
cre
a
si
ng the fold sp
aci
ng can be u
s
ed in
flexure desi
g
n to redu
ce th
e warpag
e.
4. Summar
y
Solve the p
r
oblem
of chi
p
bo
nding
fa
ilure
by u
s
in
g TRIZ
confli
ct matrix. Break the
traditional
wa
y (ignori
ng th
e cha
r
a
c
teri
st
ic pa
ramete
rs of geom
etri
c sh
ape
s) on
its con
s
trai
nts,
whi
c
h e
n
co
urage d
e
sig
n
s t
o
co
nsi
der th
e influen
ce from seve
ral
a
s
pe
cts
(ha
r
d
n
e
ss
,
num
be
r of
folds a
nd
so
on). Usin
g T
R
IZ theo
ry to solve
the
pro
b
lem of LE
D
defor
m
a
tion
can extend th
e
life
of the therm
a
l infrared ca
mera a
nd promote t
he d
e
velopme
n
t of remote se
nsin
g tech
nol
ogy,
whi
c
h i
s
very
helpful to
obt
ain info
rmatio
n of fo
restry
and p
r
om
ote
the appli
c
atio
n of T
R
IZ the
o
ry
in forest
ry eq
uipment.
Ackn
o
w
l
e
dg
ment
This stu
d
y i
s
sup
p
o
r
ted
by the
Fu
ndame
n
tal
Re
sea
r
ch F
und
s fo
r th
e Central
Universitie
s
(DL1
2EB010
2
,
DL12
CB05
) and
Natru
a
l
Scien
c
e F
o
undatio
n for Retu
rne
s
s
o
f
Heilo
ngjian
g
Province of China (L
C2
011
C25
)
Referen
ces
[1]
Krijnen B. Flexures
fo
r l
a
rg
e
s
t
r
o
k
e
el
e
c
tr
o
s
tatic actuation in MEMS.
Jo
ur
nal
Of Micro
m
echa
nics A
n
d
Microen
gi
neer
i
n
g
. 201
4; 24(1)
.
[2]
Con
n
ie Y
ang
a,
Wen-Bin Yo
un
gb. T
he effective perme
ab
ilit
y of the u
n
d
e
r
f
ill flo
w
d
o
ma
i
n
in fli
p
-chi
p
packa
gin
g
.
Ap
plie
d Mathe
m
a
t
ical Mod
e
ll
ing
.
2013.
[3]
Li T
e
sheng. A
ppl
yi
ng T
R
IZ
and AHP to d
e
v
e
lo
p in
novativ
e
desig
n for a
u
tomated
assem
b
l
y
s
y
stems.
Internatio
na
l Journ
a
l Of Adva
nced Ma
nufact
u
rin
g
T
e
chn
o
lo
gy
. 2010; 4
6
(1-
4
).
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ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 10, Octobe
r 2014: 720
2
– 7208
7208
[4]
Bogu
e Ro
bert. T
he fast-moving
w
o
rl
d of MEMS technol
og
y.
Assem
b
ly Automation.
200
9; 29(4).
[5]
Hsieh
HT
. Using T
R
IZ
methods i
n
frictio
n
stir
w
e
l
d
in
g d
e
sig
n
.
Internati
ona
l Jo
urna
l
Of Advance
d
Manufactur
i
ng T
e
chno
logy
. 2
010; 46(
9-1
2
)
[6]
Sutanto, Jem
m
y
. Packa
gin
g
and
Non-
H
e
rmetic Enca
psul
ation T
e
chno
log
y
for
F
lip Ch
ip o
n
Implantable M
E
MS Devices.
Journ
a
l Of Microel
ectro
m
ech
a
n
ical Syste
m
s.
201
2; 21(4).
[7]
Desmul
liez, M
a
rc PY. Des
i
g
n
, F
abric
ation,
and
Ch
aracteri
zation
of F
l
i
p
-
C
hip
Bo
nd
ed
Microin
ductors
.
Ieee T
r
ansacti
ons On Magn
e
t
ics
. 2009; 45(
8).
[8]
Sutanto, Jem
m
y
. Packa
gin
g
and
Non-
H
e
rmetic Enca
psul
ation T
e
chno
log
y
for
F
lip Ch
ip o
n
Implantable M
E
MS Devices.
Journ
a
l Of Microel
ectro
m
ech
a
n
ical Syste
m
s
. 201
3;
21(4).
[9]
Yang, H
y
u
n
ji
n.
He
at
transfer in gran
ular
ma
terial
s:
effects of no
nli
n
e
a
r h
eat co
nd
uction
an
d visc
o
u
s
d
i
ssi
pa
ti
on
.
Mathematica
l
Methods In T
he Ap
plie
d Scie
nces
.
2013; 3
6
(14).
[10]
Lee, YC. Com
puter-a
ide
d
de
sign for
microe
lectromec
han
ic
al s
y
stems (M
EMS).
Internationa
l Journ
a
l
Of Materials & Product T
e
chn
o
lo
gy
. 200
3.
[11]
Massou
d
i M.
On the h
eat
flux vector for
flo
w
i
ng
gran
ular m
a
teria
l
s, Pa
rt 1: Effective therm
a
l
cond
uctivit
y
an
d
backgr
o
u
nd.
Mathe
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atic
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n
the
Appli
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e
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es
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[12]
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d
i M. On the heat fl
ux v
e
ctor for flo
w
in
g gra
n
u
l
ar
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t
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n
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ecia
l
cases.
Mathe
m
atical Meth
ods
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l
i
ed
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