TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol. 12, No. 11, Novembe
r
2014, pp. 78
7
6
~ 788
3
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
12i11.66
54
7876
Re
cei
v
ed
Jul
y
7, 2014; Re
vised Septem
ber
9, 201
4; Acce
pted Se
ptem
ber 25, 2014
Design and Development of Sports Management
Information System Based on
Acceleration Transducer
Yongxin Wa
ng*
1
, Hongh
ong Zhang
2
1
Departme
n
t of Ph
y
s
ic
al Ed
uc
ation,
Na
n
y
a
n
g
Institute of
T
e
chno
log
y
,
Hen
an Na
n
y
a
n
g
, 4730
04, Ch
i
n
a
2
Departme
n
t of Computer, He
nan U
n
ivers
i
t
y
of An
imal H
u
sb
andr
y a
nd Eco
nom
y(
yin
g
ca
i campus),
Hen
an Z
h
e
ngz
hou, 45
00
00, Chin
a
*
C
o
rre
sp
on
d
i
ng
a
u
t
h
o
r
, e
-mail
:
w
a
n
g
y
ongx
i
nny
l
g
@1
63
.co
m
A
b
st
r
a
ct
T
h
is pa
per
an
a
l
yses a
nd c
o
mpares t
he
acce
lera
ti
on s
ensor
: ADXL3
30, A
D
XL3
45, ADX
L
203,
an
d
points out that
the accele
ration sensor functions in s
port
s
m
a
nagem
ent system
. Sports m
a
nagement
system is th
e
ma
in co
ntrol
l
er
in
motio
n
pr
o
c
ess
co
mma
n
d
eac
h no
de
control
l
er thro
ugh th
e se
nso
r
to
collect the
movement proc
es
s of t
he ADXL system
the hum
an body eac
h
point in three coordinate axes
accel
e
ratio
n
co
mp
on
ent. T
he article pr
ese
n
ts desig
n
an
d d
e
vel
o
p
m
e
n
t of sports mana
ge
me
nt infor
m
ati
o
n
system
bas
ed on acceleration
trans
duc
er. Design of
spor
ts infor
m
ation
m
a
na
gem
e
nt
s
ystem
bas
ed on
three ax
is acc
e
ler
o
meter ca
n
quick
ly a
nd
a
ccurately c
o
ll
e
c
t hu
man
moti
on i
n
for
m
ati
on,
w
h
ich pr
ovid
e
s
a
new
meth
od fo
r the study of sports.
Ke
y
w
ords
:
ac
celer
a
tion transducer, sports
information managem
ent system
, MEMS
Copy
right
©
2014 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
Any body
mo
vement fro
m
the be
ginni
ng
to the
en
d, t
he a
c
cele
rati
on of
every
p
a
rt of th
e
body is
cha
n
g
ing all the ti
me. If repeat
any actio
n
, cha
nge la
w o
f
the accele
ration is
also
very
clo
s
e to
the.
So, as lon
g
as th
e th
ree
axis a
c
cele
ro
meter
pla
c
ed
in a
featu
r
e
point m
easured
human b
ody, can be a
ccurately the feature p
o
ints
in the motion pro
c
e
s
s
of X, Y, Z three
comp
one
nt accele
ration
acq
u
isitio
ns.
Then, th
ro
ugh the ma
thematical
calcul
ation of the
accele
ration
comp
one
nt, can field healt
h
training, sp
orts trai
ning, the game
cont
rol.
Accel
e
ration
is cha
ngin
g
all the time.
Throu
g
h
mathematical cal
c
ulatio
n of the
accele
ration
comp
one
nt, you can g
e
t
the traje
c
to
ry and th
e dyn
a
mic
pro
c
e
ss of the p
o
int
of
informatio
n. The plu
r
ality of feature po
ints to
the data colle
cted
to condu
ct a comp
re
hen
sive
analysi
s
; we
can find the d
e
tailed inform
ation of
mea
s
ured b
ody m
o
vement, so
as to re
alize the
digital motio
n
inform
atio
n. The m
o
tion a
c
cele
ra
tion inform
ation a
c
qui
siti
on info
rmati
on
pro
c
e
ssi
ng pl
atform main
body whe
n
walkin
g or
ru
n
n
ing, and the
processin
g
of informatio
n or
forwa
r
d
ed
to
a
hig
h
-e
nd compute
r
wa
s analyzed, so
that the p
r
o
c
essing
platform can
be
wid
e
ly
use
d
in healt
h
training, sp
orts trai
ning,
system d
e
velopment an
d o
t
her fields.
Huma
n body motion ca
pture
technol
ogy is widely
use
d
in
the
motio
n
an
alysi
s
, m
edici
ne,
biologi
cal en
ginee
ring, an
d spe
c
ial effects in mo
vi
es, sp
orts
scientific re
sea
r
ch training
an
d
other rel
a
ted
fields [1]. At pres
ent, re
searche
r
s m
a
inly use the
o
p
tical
and
2
kind
s
of sen
s
or,
optical motio
n
captu
r
e in
strum
ent ne
ed sp
ec
ifi
c
spa
c
e e
n
viro
nment, multiple high
sp
eed
came
ra
s, it i
s
expe
nsive
and di
stan
ce
mea
s
ur
eme
n
t sen
s
o
r
m
o
vement i
s
li
mited. Ca
ptu
r
e
instru
ment
compa
r
ed
wit
h
me
asure
d
distan
ce,
th
e
r
e
are
n
o
sp
ecific requi
re
ments on
sp
ace,
easy to we
ar
and lo
w co
st, easy to use in pra
c
tice.
The development
and utilization
of sports
i
n
form
ation resources
of
modern inf
o
rmation
techn
o
logy a
c
qui
sition, proce
s
sing, st
orag
e,
transmissi
on an
d
use of sp
orts informat
ion
resou
r
ces, im
prove th
e sp
orts i
n
form
ation reso
urce availability,
applic
ability an
d effectivene
ss,
improve
its
d
i
gitalization,
databa
se
an
d net
work
l
e
vel,
reali
z
e h
i
gh sha
r
ing, and pro
m
ote
the
rapid a
nd he
a
l
thy develop
ment of spo
r
ts und
erta
king
s.
ADXL20
3 is high preci
s
io
n, low power cons
umptio
n
and a single
iMEMS IC chip with
dual axi
s
a
c
cele
rom
e
ter,
the output
si
gnal volt
ag
e
adju
s
table.
Output a
s
a
pro
portio
n
and
accele
ration
into
an
alog
voltage sign
al,
and
it is propo
rtional
co
efficient 1000mV/g. T
he
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
De
sign a
nd Devel
opm
ent of Sports Man
agem
ent Inform
ation Syste
m
… (Yongxin
Wang
)
7877
accele
rom
e
te
r ca
n mea
s
u
r
e the dyna
mic a
c
cele
ration, and can
be use
d
to impleme
n
t static
measurement
s su
ch
as the
accele
ration
of gravity,
then can
repl
ace
the tilt angle sen
s
o
r
for tilt
measurement
.
Athlete information man
ageme
n
t system th
ro
ug
h the athletes timely information
gatheri
ng, re
al-time up
da
tes and
cen
t
ralize
d
sto
r
age man
age
ment, throug
h the trainin
g
,
transpo
rtation
,
material, su
ch a
s
a
seri
e
s
of
occu
pati
on pe
riod pl
a
c
eme
n
t tra
c
k record,
reali
z
e
the whol
e proce
s
s mana
g
e
ment of athletes lif
e occu
pation pe
riod
. The athletes, coa
c
h
e
s a
n
d
other i
n
form
a
t
ion sy
stems
provide
infinit
e
ly in
tercon
n
e
cted
que
ry,
based o
n
the
develop
ment
o
f
athletes,
the spo
r
ts statisti
cs
m
o
re perf
e
ct
anal
y
s
is f
unctio
n
, and
spa
c
e fo
r the
developm
ent
o
f
the future
an
d to imp
r
ove t
he qu
ality of
spo
r
t p
r
oje
c
t
provide
s
anal
ysis
and fo
re
ca
st the trend
, to
provide d
a
ta informatio
n ai
ded better fo
r sport
s
de
cisi
on makers.
System con
s
ists
of multipl
e
se
nsor
nod
es, e
a
ch
sen
s
or ind
epe
nd
ently
of the
controlle
r,
and a plu
r
alit
y of nodes in
sen
s
or n
e
tworks. The
se
nso
r
nod
es pl
ace
d
the feature poi
nts in
the
human
b
ody
to
b
e
m
e
a
s
ured,
th
e main co
ntroll
er duri
ng exerci
se
comm
and ea
ch n
ode
controlle
r through the A
D
XL345
colle
ct
ion in the p
r
o
c
e
ss of m
o
tio
n
of each poi
nt on the axis o
f
the
three accele
ration co
mpone
nts.
T
he
arti
cle
p
r
ese
n
ts d
e
si
g
n
and d
e
vel
opment of
sports
manag
eme
n
t informatio
n system ba
sed
on accel
e
rati
on tran
sdu
c
e
r
.
2. Analy
s
is a
nd Comparis
on of Ac
cele
r
ation Sens
o
r
s
ADXL33
0 is
a three
axis
(x axis, Y axis
an
d Z an
al
og outp
u
t accele
ration
se
nso
r
, the
accele
ration
comp
one
nt, the thre
e di
re
ction
s
c
an b
e
cal
c
ul
ated,
the motion
dire
ction
sen
s
or
spatial
poi
nt
at the m
o
me
nt of
spatial
l
o
catio
n
a
nd
o
t
her i
n
form
ation, throug
h t
he p
r
o
c
e
s
sin
g
of
informatio
n, the details of the action. At the same
time to detect a plurality of feature poi
nts of
the human b
ody, and make a comp
reh
ensive an
alysi
s of the data, you c
an get the informatio
n
of human mot
i
on.
The M
M
A726
0Q i
s
a lo
w
cost,
single
chi
p
, thre
e axial
are
high
sen
s
itivity accele
rometer;
micro
m
a
chin
ed stru
cture based on
th
e
su
rfa
c
e,
the
i
n
tegrate
d
sig
nal con
d
itioni
ng circuit, sin
g
le
pole low-p
a
ss filter and tempe
r
ature compen
sati
o
n
, and has 4
different se
n
s
itivity selecti
on
mode
s [2]. The cut-off frequen
cie
s
of the filters
hav
e been set at the factory before, witho
u
t the
need
for
external
adju
s
tm
ent. At the
same time
it contain
s
a
sl
e
ep mo
de, m
a
king
it ide
a
l f
o
r
small, b
a
ttery
po
wered
po
rtable e
quipm
ent. MMA726
0Q
in X, y, Z
3
axes
with high
sensitivity to
read low gravity level fall, tilt,
mobile,
placement, vi
bration
an
d
swing, it i
s
the
first
singl
e
chip
simila
r pro
d
u
c
ts in the thre
e axial accele
ration sen
s
o
r
.
Figure 1. The
Circuit Princi
ple Di
a
g
ra
m of Senso
r
Net
w
ork Node
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ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 11, Novem
ber 20
14: 78
76 – 788
3
7878
ADXL20
3 typical me
asure
m
ent in the
range
of
± 1.7
g, the accel
e
romete
r can
measure
the static o
r
dynamic m
e
a
s
ureme
n
t of accele
ra
tion;
3500
g ca
n wi
thstand the li
mit acceleration.
The pull
-
do
wn cu
rre
nt is le
ss th
an 70
0 µ
A, sensit
ivity to 1000mV/g.
The a
c
celero
meter at – 4
0
°
C to 12
5 °
C
temperature
range, te
mp
erature
sen
s
itivity with ± 0.3
%
; zero
offse
t
accuracy of
±
25 mg;
with t
he
solution is less than 1
mg in l
e
ss than 60 Hz
bandwidth
(0.06
° tilt) stability and
better tha
n
0.
1 mg/ °
C.
Using 5
×
5
× 2
mm L
C
C pa
ckag
e. The
A
D
XL20
3 pi
n p
a
ckag
e a
n
d p
i
n
function
s a
s
shown in Figu
re 1.
The d
e
si
gn
of the
system, t
he a
c
cele
rati
on
sen
s
o
r
A
D
XL330
as the
accel
e
ro
met
e
r, an
d
it is the
cha
n
ge of a
c
cele
ration me
asurement of
h
u
m
an
wal
k
ing.
ADXL33
0 i
s
a motion
si
g
n
a
l
pro
c
e
ssi
ng A
D
I 3
axis
accelero
meter, t
he MEMS
se
nso
r
a
n
d
sig
n
a
l conditioni
n
g
ci
rcuit toget
her,
the workin
g voltage is 2.
O ~ 3.6V, current 3V
su
pply voltage con
d
ition
s
for 320} tA, po
wer
con
s
um
ption
curre
n
t is
red
u
ce
d to 20
0tA (pressu
r
e
con
d
ition 2.0
V
powe
r
d
o
wn), 50%
(po
w
e
r
con
s
um
ption
than the
typical val
ue
of similar
dev
ice
s
". ADXL
330
ca
n al
so
be
by adju
s
ting
the
duty cycle to achi
eve lowe
r power
con
s
umption, its typical wake-u
p time is lms.
ADXL330 rated
high impa
ct strength up to
10kg, usin
g the LF
CSP pa
ckage, 4mmX
4mm × 1.45
MM volume light,
very suitable
for the appli
c
ation of the desig
n
.
This
system
use
s
the MM
A7260Q th
re
e axis
a
c
cele
ration
sen
s
o
r
and TIMSP43
0
built-in
(/), with
8; 5 low po
wer
m
ode, suitabl
e
for appli
c
ati
on in
auto
m
a
t
ic si
gnal
a
c
q
u
isition
sy
ste
m
.
MMA7260
Q
sup
p
ly voltag
e at 2.2V
~
3
.
6V, the outp
u
t sig
nal in
0
V
~ 3V, p
o
wer
can
be
sh
ared
with MSP430
single chip
microcomput
er, and the
output sig
nal
can be di
re
ctly input to
the
MSP430 A/D cha
nnel
witho
u
t transfo
rma
t
ion of the sig
nal voltage.
Gait is a
person
walkin
g
postu
re. A
s
a
biolo
g
ic
al
ch
ara
c
teri
stic, it
is
not influe
nce
d
by
the di
stan
ce,
non
agg
re
ssi
ve, hard to
di
sgui
se, l
e
ss
affected
by e
n
vironm
ent a
nd oth
e
r uni
q
ue
advantag
es,
so it ha
s attracted m
u
ch attention
in rece
nt years. The medi
ca
l asynchrono
us
morbi
d
, hemi
p
legia
and disease
prevention, diag
nosis and rehabilitati
on can also play t
h
e
auxiliary effect is very
significan
t. M
o
reover, in the
mode
rn
sport
s
training al
so can
be used to
monitor th
e
athletes th
ro
ugh the
gait
cha
r
a
c
teri
sti
c
s of con
s
u
m
ption, the
accuracy
of the
movement
s, so a
s
to deve
l
op a scientifi
c
trainin
g
pro
g
ram.
When the sy
stem has the acceleration, the in
termediate plate will drift. The intermediate
plate moves,
it to one side (the fixed panel
) dista
n
c
e in
cre
a
ses,
and to the other sid
e
of the
distan
ce red
u
ce
d acco
rdi
ngly, this ch
ange in di
stance ca
n be use
d
to chara
c
te
rize the
accele
ration.
The
G2CE
LL
pan
el to fo
rm the
cap
a
cit
o
r a
n
d t
w
o
b
a
ck to
ba
ck,
whe
n
the
mid
d
le
panel
with th
e cha
nge
of accele
ration
and move
s, the ca
pa
citan
c
e bet
wee
n
the two p
anel
will
cha
nge, C=A
ε
/D. Where
A is the pa
nel area,
ε
dielectri
c
con
s
t
a
nt, D pan
el
spa
c
in
g. In the
ASIC (appli
c
ation spe
c
ific
integrate
d
ci
rcuit) u
s
in
g switch capa
cita
nce m
e
a
s
u
r
e
m
ent of G2
CELL
cap
a
cita
nce value, and
cal
c
ulate
d
from t
he differe
nce of accele
ratio
n
data. ASIC then the si
gn
al
modulatio
n a
nd sign
al filtering (usi
ng
swit
che
d
cap
a
citor), and it is the outpu
t
voltage to the
accele
ration.
The mo
st co
mmon ADX
L
203 a
ppli
c
ati
on is fo
r in
cli
n
ation me
asu
r
eme
n
t. Space ran
g
e
accele
rom
e
te
r to the gravity vector is use
d
as a b
enchma
r
k to
measu
r
e ob
ject. Whe
n
the
accele
rom
e
te
r sen
s
in
g axis and the ve
rtical (i.e. se
nsin
g axis), it is the most sen
s
itive to the
cha
nge
of in
clinatio
n, tilt cha
nge
s
every 1
˚
, output variation of G
17.5
m
g; when
th
e
in
du
ction
s
haft with the level of 45
˚
angle, in
clina
t
ion cha
nge
s
every 1
˚
, out
put g ch
ang
e
s
only 12.2
m
g;
and
wh
en th
e
indu
ction
sh
aft clo
s
e
to p
a
rallel
with
th
e di
re
ction
of gravity (sensed a
c
cele
rati
on
clo
s
e to the
+g o
r
-g), in
clinatio
n cha
nge
s every
1
˚
, an o
u
tput
of almo
st n
o
ch
ang
e
. With
increa
sing tilt measurement
, it
is measurement accu
ra
cy.
The X and
Y axis accel
e
rom
e
ter pl
a
c
ed
hori
z
o
n
tally can b
e
use
d
as
a
biaxial
inclin
omete
r
to measure the inclin
ation. The
output a
nalog voltag
e
signal VX, VY converte
d into
the corre
s
po
nding
g val
u
e
variation
of
AX, AY. T
he
tilt angle
cal
c
ulated
by Fo
rmula 1
X, Y
axis
pitch an
gle (p
itch) an
d tilt angle (roll) [3].
(1)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
De
sign a
nd Devel
opm
ent of Sports Man
agem
ent Inform
ation Syste
m
… (Yongxin
Wang
)
7879
In the formul
a 1, ch
arg
e
sensitive Sq u
s
ua
lly ta
ke
s a
small valu
e, feedba
ck cap
a
citan
c
e
CF rang
e is
gene
rally 10
0
-
100
00p
F). T
y
pe sh
ows
th
at accele
ratio
n
and
output
voltage si
gn
al
prop
ortio
nal t
o
U,
and i
n
ve
rsely
propo
rtional to
the capa
citan
c
e CF
feedb
ack, but
al
so
affe
cted
by the cable
cap
a
cita
nce is sm
all, this is one
of the
main advanta
ges of the ch
arge a
m
plifie
r.
Analysis can
be
accom
p
li
she
d
by
pie
z
oele
c
tric
a
c
celeratio
n
sen
s
or an
d the
cha
r
ge
am
pli
f
ier
measuri
ng sy
stem and the
measured vi
b
r
ation a
c
cele
ration by the above.
X, Y axis measu
r
ing
sign
a
l
ADXL203 o
u
tput re
spe
c
ti
vely through t
he low p
a
ss fi
lter, and
then throug
h
the differe
ntial input to
th
e ADC, t
he V
I
N (-) te
rmin
a
t
ion voltage
2
.
5V. In orde
r
to
get highe
r preci
s
ion, we gi
ve ADC
external 2.5V refe
rence voltage.
In addition, in ord
e
r to filter
out the noise
powe
r
su
ppl
y, using 0.1U and 10
u capa
citors in parall
e
l acce
ss p
o
we
r su
pply
circuit for po
wer
sup
p
ly deco
upling.
Plate insp
ect
i
on qu
ality block its
sup
p
o
rt
plate
an
d the mid
d
le
plate is co
mposed
of.G2Cell
co
nstitutes
a fl
at cap
a
cito
r
and two ba
ck to b
a
ck, when the
syst
em is
given
a
accele
ration,
dete
c
tion of
affiliated ma
ss middl
e pl
ate will
devia
te from th
e
non a
c
cele
ra
tion
positio
n, so it to one side fixed electrod
e distan
ce wi
ll incre
a
se, at the same time to anothe
r a
fixed plate di
stance
will decrease
. Therefore the val
ue of
capaci
t
ance change
with the
distance
betwe
en the
plate cha
n
g
e
s, this is t
he accel
e
rati
on mea
s
u
r
e
m
ent. The capa
citan
c
e value
throug
h ca
pa
citan
c
e voltag
e conve
r
ter
converts t
he v
o
ltage value,
into the gain
amplifier, filter.
Piezoel
ect
r
ic
accele
ration
sen
s
o
r
bel
on
gs to the i
nertial sen
s
o
r
; the wo
rki
ng p
r
i
n
cipl
e i
s
based
on th
e
pie
z
oel
ectri
c
effect of
ce
rt
ain
sub
s
ta
n
c
es
ba
sed
on
accele
rom
e
te
r, vibratio
n, a
n
d
the pie
z
oel
ectric el
ement
s on the fo
rce
cha
nge
s.
When the
mea
s
ured vib
r
ati
on fre
quen
cy
is
much l
o
wer
than the n
a
tural frequ
en
cy of the a
c
celeromete
r, cha
nge th
e
force
and t
he
measured a
c
celeration i
s
p
r
opo
rtion
a
l to, the n
on ele
c
tri
c
physi
cal q
u
a
n
tity accel
e
ration
measured int
o
elect
r
icity. Becau
s
e th
e output sig
nal
of piezo
e
le
ctric
sen
s
o
r
is
a wea
k
cha
r
ge,
and the
sen
s
or itself h
a
s
a
lot of resi
sta
n
ce,
so the
o
u
tput ene
rgy
is very sm
all, it is difficult for
circuit. The
r
ef
ore, usually u
s
ed for
sign
al
char
ge am
pli
f
ier as the me
asu
r
ing
circui
t of signal.
ADXL33
0 i
s
heat
conve
c
ti
on type th
ree
axis
ac
cel
e
ration sen
s
o
r
,
a sign
al con
d
itioning
voltage outpu
t, the maximum mea
s
urem
ent ran
ge is
± 2 g, X and
Y axis of the band
width fro
m
0.5 Hz to
160
0 Hz, Z
axis
band
width f
r
o
m
0.5
Hz
to 5
50
Hz,
with g
ood
g zero bi
as
stability a
n
d
good
sen
s
itivity accura
cy.
ATmega4
8 m
i
cro
c
o
n
troll
e
r
with 8
Chan
n
e
l 10
bit AD converte
r, at t
he
highe
st
re
sol
u
tion
sam
p
ling
rate
ca
n
be
a
s
hi
gh
as 1
5
kS/s, analo
g
in
p
u
t pin
s
of the
microcontroll
er ADC0
-ADC2, th
ree o
u
tput sh
afts of the
accele
ration sensor
A
D
XL
330
acq
u
isitio
n [4]. The output of ADXL203 i
s
an anal
og voltage sig
nal,
can be di
rectly used for AD
sampli
ng. Co
mpany ADuC847 mi
crocon
troller,
wh
i
c
h
integrate
s
2
4
bit Delta
- speed
ca
n re
a
c
h
420k
SPS and ADC. The hardware c
o
nnec
t
i
on diagram is
as
shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2. The
Hard
wa
re
Conne
ction
Dia
g
ram
The noi
se in
the output si
gnal of the sensor,
the A
DC
conve
r
sio
n
re
sult error,
and it is
affecting the
accuracy. On
the other h
a
nd, AD is
the
effective inpu
t noise; qu
ant
ization n
o
ise
will
affect the
accuracy
of th
e ADC
conv
ersi
on.
T
he delta sigma
ADC exploits
over sa
mpli
ng
prin
ciple, by
mean
s of digi
tal filtering an
d
deci
m
ation,
remove the
band q
uanti
z
ation noi
se a
nd
improvin
g the
resol
u
tion of ADC,
improve conve
r
si
on
accuracy.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 11, Novem
ber 20
14: 78
76 – 788
3
7880
The
cha
nge
of accel
e
ratio
n
of ADXL
33
0 a
c
celeratio
n
sen
s
or to d
e
tect the
hu
man b
ody
movement, a
fter the hig
h
resolution, hi
gh p
r
e
c
isio
n
PxI ~ 4495
d
a
ta acqui
sitio
n
ca
rd
co
nve
r
ts
the analog
signal output
accele
ration
sen
s
o
r
into a digital sig
nal, and tra
n
smitted to the
comp
uter terminal, d
e
sig
n
ed by
La
bview
com
b
i
ned
with M
a
tlab
algorith
m
a
n
d
softwa
r
e,
real
time di
splay
o
f
the motio
n
state of h
u
man
body,
a
c
hi
eve
seaml
e
ss
li
nk data acqui
sition and
rea
l
-
time pro
c
e
ssi
ng, displ
a
y.
Main controll
er u
s
e
s
ARM
chip ST
R7
1
0
FZ2T
6
, with
a 4 chan
nel
12 bit A/D
co
nverter,
256 KB on-ch
ip FLASH an
d 64 KB on-chip RAM, seri
al
interfa
c
e in
clud
es 2 SPI, 2 I2C, 4 UA
RT
and HDL
C
, SC and MM
C interface, also
provide
s
CA
N and USB interface, 4 16 real time cl
ock
and timer,
watchdo
g timer (WDG),
48 gene
ral
purp
o
se I/O pin, ca
n satisfy the d
e
sig
n
requi
rem
ents.
The A/D con
v
ersio
n
circui
t in the analog volt
age sig
nals into digit
a
l signal
s, the system
use
s
the
CM
OS A/D co
nverter T
L
C154
9 with a
1
0
b
i
t succe
s
sive approximatio
n A/D switch
ed
cap
a
cit
o
r co
nv
ert
e
r
an
d st
ru
ct
ur
e b
a
sed, it ha
s th
e internal
sa
mple a
nd
ho
ld ci
rcuit, an
d
differential hi
gh impe
dan
ce voltage refe
ren
c
e in
put,
disturb
a
n
c
e, can acco
rdi
ng
to the pro
port
i
on
of ra
nge
calib
ration
conversion
range,
total un
adju
s
t
ed e
r
ror up
to ± 1LSB
Ma
x (4.8mV) et
c.. It
throug
h a th
ree state
outp
u
t (DATAO
UT) an
d 2 in
pu
ts (in
c
ludi
ng I
/
OCLO
CK (I/
O
clo
c
k) a
nd
CS)
is
con
n
e
c
ted
with the
AT8
9
C5
1 of P1
0
to P12 i
n
terf
ace,
whi
c
h
n
o
t only
simpli
fies the
sy
stem
desi
gn, reduce the occupied area
of t
he
circuit board, but al
so improve the reliability, high
resolution.
A master-sla
ve star n
e
two
r
k top
o
logy
can take bet
ween e
a
ch no
de controll
er
and mai
n
controlle
r, usi
ng the I2
C communi
catio
n
. The ma
i
n
controlle
r of
the se
nsor n
ode
s to upl
o
ad
informatio
n, analyze information and
make the
co
rrespon
ding d
a
ta pro
c
e
ssi
n
g
, output data to
the appli
c
atio
n of second
ary developme
n
t of two.
A low co
st single chi
p
three axis acce
lero
m
e
ter. T
he ca
pacitive
acceleration
sen
s
or
sign
al con
d
itioning techno
logy, Dan Ji
low
pass filter and tem
peratu
r
e co
mpen
sation,
and
provide
s
four
kind
s
of a
c
cel
e
ration
me
asurem
ent
ran
g
e
, re
sp
ectivel
y
: ± 1.5g
n, ±
2gn,
± 4
g
n
a
n
d
± 6g
n.MMA7
260 al
so
ha
s a very hig
h
sen
s
itivit
y, when the
mea
s
uri
ng
ran
g
e
sele
ct ±
1.5
g
n
,
sen
s
itivity to
800mV/gn. Using the 6
m
m * 6mm * 1.45mmQF
N
p
a
ckag
e, ultra
small si
ze, o
n
ly
very little bo
ard
spa
c
e.
More
over, M
M
A7260
p
r
o
v
ides
a
slee
p mo
de, i
s
i
deal fo
r
han
dhel
d
device
s
a
r
e
b
a
ttery ch
argi
n
g
. It has th
re
e axial
dete
c
t
i
on fun
c
tion, t
he po
rtabl
e d
e
vice
s capa
ble
of intelligent resp
on
se the
positio
n,
and
orientatio
n an
d mobility cha
nge
s.
This
pap
er i
n
trodu
ce
s th
e structu
r
e
and
prin
cipl
e
of ADXL
20
3 a
c
celerom
e
ter, tilt
measurement
gives it
wit
h
the A
D
u
C
847
circ
uit,
and a
nalyze
s its. T
he
circuit
ha
s the
cha
r
a
c
teri
stics of simple
re
alizatio
n, high
preci
s
io
n.
The accel
e
ro
meter si
gnal
after filtering
pro
c
e
ssi
ng, you ca
n step
cou
n
ting a
c
cordin
g to
the filtere
d
sign
als. P
r
in
ciple
of
step
co
un
t: b
e
cause
whe
n
wal
k
ing
is a
process
of the
instanta
neo
u
s
accele
ratio
n
of movi
ng,
so initially that jump in
a moment of great accele
rati
on,
sho
w
s that peopl
e wh
o take a
step.
We set a thre
shol
d value / V / T
according to
the
accele
ration
sign
al, in the moment befo
r
e the T a
cce
leration
sign
a
l
is belo
w
the
threshold val
ue
M, and at th
e
moment t b
a
ckdo
or limit val
ue is hi
g
her than M, th
en t
he pe
dom
ete
r
plu
s
1,
so
you
can
cal
c
ulate
the total number of ste
p
s i
n
the whol
e sampling time.
3. Design a
nd Dev
e
lopment of Sp
orts Ma
nag
e
ment Info
r
m
ation Sy
st
em Base
d on
Acc
e
lera
tion
Transdu
cer
Whe
n
peo
ple
walk th
rou
g
h
the dista
n
ce, spee
d, an
d it is accel
e
ration to de
scrib
e
the
behavio
r of
h
u
man
wal
k
in
g
.
Based
on
th
e characte
ri
stics of h
u
man
motion a
c
cel
e
ration,
and
it is
the accel
e
ra
tion pa
ramet
e
rs to
simul
a
te hum
an
wal
k
ing
mod
e
l, the a
c
ce
leration
sen
s
or
(ADXL3
30
) to
obtain the
accele
ration
sig
nal of
hum
an
body, and th
e
sign
al proce
ssi
ng al
gorith
m
to cal
c
ulate
the hu
man
wa
lking
step
nu
mber. Fi
rstl
y, define th
ree
d
i
fferent di
recti
ons: th
e verti
c
al
accele
ration,
the forwa
r
d a
nd ba
ckwa
rd.
Huma
n bo
dy motion ca
pture
system
by mi
cro
se
nso
r
hum
an
motion pa
ra
meters is
placed i
n
th
e hum
an
bo
dy, the mi
cro sen
s
or
in
clud
es a A
D
XL34
5 a
cceleratio
n
sen
s
or,
gyrosco
pe IMU30
00 an
d
HMC5
883
magneto
m
ete
r
, assembl
e
d
two ortho
g
onal, they are
respe
c
tively measured a
c
cele
ration, an
gular ve
lo
city and the mag
n
i
tude of the magneti
c
field.
The sen
s
or i
s
compo
s
e
d
of a su
rface
Microma
c
hin
ed Polysili
co
n mechani
sm and a
differential
capa
citor. Th
e
polysili
con
stru
cture
is
sup
porte
d by
a sp
ring
in
the top of
the
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
De
sign a
nd Devel
opm
ent of Sports Man
agem
ent Inform
ation Syste
m
… (Yongxin
Wang
)
7881
polysili
con, wafer, and
cente
r
pl
ate
and diffe
re
ntial ca
pa
citance is con
necte
d with
the
movement. In
the differe
ntial ca
pa
citan
c
e is fixed o
n
bottom plate
plus t
w
o e
q
u
a
l amplitud
e, and
it is a p
h
a
s
e
differen
c
e
of 180
˚
Fang B
o
. In under the
effect of acceleration,
polysilicon
st
ructure
can
gen
erate
offset, pulls t
he center
plat
e slidi
ng
diffe
rential
cap
a
ci
tor, the two
capa
citor valu
e is
different, the
n
ge
ne
rate
s
a voltage
in
the
cente
r
ele
c
trod
e,
sen
s
o
r
o
u
tput
squ
a
r
e
wave
[5].
The
output sq
uare
wave amplitu
de and the m
easure
d
acce
leration i
s
pro
portion
al to it.
In sp
ort
s
trai
ning
as an
example, in
the stu
d
y of
hum
an m
o
tion p
a
ramete
rs, m
a
in
resea
r
ch g
e
n
e
rally in
clu
d
e
s
b
ody fo
rce, velocity, di
splacement, li
mb traj
ecto
ry
sp
ace p
o
siti
on,
and the abo
ve paramete
r
s, ca
n be throu
gh the
body by the measu
r
ing
point accele
ration
cal
c
ulatio
n. Powe
r formul
a is as follo
ws:
F=ma,
v=
v
0
+
∫
adt
(2)
Whe
r
e, F i
s
a
s
the
movem
ents of th
e li
mb
s
strength;
m equival
ent
mass m
o
ve
ments
of
limbs
; a is
the acc
e
leration, veloc
i
ty, V
;
V
t
, V
0
as the initial velocity;
∫
adt is a
s
the integral
of
accele
ration on
time.
People fo
cu
s on th
e
wal
k
to have
a
li
ttle to move
up a
nd
do
wn. The
waist
of the
displ
a
cement
is most obvious, so the pedomete
r
on
his belt is mo
st suitable; th
e ADXL330 i
s
a
three axi
s
(X
axis, Y axis a
nd Z axis)
si
mulation a
cceleratio
n
sen
s
or
output, ju
st as th
e sen
s
or i
s
vertical, forward and lateral di
rection
of three III. ADXL330 x,
y and Z three axis data outpu
t
rep
r
e
s
ent
s the human
wal
k
ing three di
rection a
c
cele
ration value.
Six axis fusi
o
n
s i
s
te
ch
nol
ogy of
sen
s
o
r
fusio
n
p
r
o
d
u
c
ts. T
he inte
gration
of X,
and it i
s
the ang
ular velocity sen
s
o
r
digital
outp
u
t. It built
three axis gyro
and di
gital m
o
tion p
r
o
c
e
s
sing
engin
e
, with
se
con
d
IC p
o
r
t, can
be di
rectly with the
three
axis di
gital accel
e
ro
meter
con
n
e
c
ted,
in its interi
or
will be the value of the acceleration
the
value of the six ax
is gyro and data fusion,
redu
ce
the d
ense motio
n
pro
c
e
ssi
ng in
CPU, b
u
ilt-
i
n
F
I
F
O
an
d
s
e
ns
or
bu
s
(s
e
n
s
o
r
bu
s)
c
a
n
redu
ce the
system ope
ratio
n
time,
redu
ce system p
o
wer co
nsumpti
on.
Thro
ugh
film
analysi
s
o
n
t
he d
e
termin
a
t
ion of si
ngle
ring
sectio
n
of the a
c
cele
ration
of
the moveme
nt, but by the displ
a
cemen
t
of image an
alysis to
cal
c
ulate the velo
city (de
r
ivative)
and a
c
celeration (two
deri
v
ative), according to t
he e
x
perien
c
e, u
s
ually up to use a de
rivative,
two o
r
d
e
r de
rivative tend t
o
lo
se
one
's
beyond
reco
g
n
ition, thu
s
th
e ki
nem
atic
d
a
ta to
drive
the
mech
ani
cal d
a
ta is almo
st not possibl
e.
This
syste
m
i
s
mai
n
ly com
posed of
sin
g
le
axis gyro
scope
LY53
0
A
L, LPR5
30
AL, dual
axis three
a
x
is MEMS accele
rom
e
te
r ADXL
3
45,
three axis MEMS electroni
c
comp
ass
HMC584
3 an
d MCU M
C
9
S
08QE8. The
single axis g
y
roscop
e co
mbination
s
X, Y direction a
nd Z
dire
ction
of the dual
axis th
ree
axis gy
ro
s, their sig
nal
s a
r
e
co
lle
cte
d
by ADC mo
dule
singl
e-chip
microcomput
er M
C
9S0
8
Q
E
8, and th
e
accele
ration
si
gn
al a
nd th
e ele
c
tro
n
ic compa
s
s si
gn
al is
transmitted throu
gh the I
2
C bu
s to th
e singl
e chi
p
micro
c
o
m
put
er. The 9
sig
nals in the M
CU
after the first treatment, an
d it are by the
SCM in
the a
ttitude cal
c
ula
t
ion algo
rithm
pro
c
ed
ure
s
t
o
obtain attitud
e
informatio
n’
s.
Due to the p
e
riodi
c a
c
cel
e
ration
sign
al
of
human bo
dy movement, as measure
d
by th
e
X, y, Z axis acceleration
wi
ll have obvio
us p
e
rio
d
icity, for sim
p
licity, pedom
eter
a
l
gorithm
de
si
gn
on Z axis a
c
celeratio
n
sig
n
a
l as the processing o
b
je
ct.
The p
e
rfo
r
ma
nce
of ADXL
203 i
s
te
sted
in the typical
5V voltage
a
nd
calib
ration
. In fact,
the su
pply voltage VS ca
n ch
oose be
tween 3V
~6
V. Choo
se a
different su
pply voltage; an
accelerom
e
ter perform
a
nce will na
turall
y change. The output volta
ge and the
accele
ration of the
ADXL20
3 i
s
prop
ortio
nal t
o
, wh
en th
e
supply voltag
e
is
ch
ang
ed, t
he
sen
s
itivity will b
e
cha
n
g
e
d
accordingly, affect
the me
asu
r
em
ent
a
c
cura
cy
. Fo
r
example,
wh
en VS=3V, th
e outp
u
t voltage
prop
ortio
nal
coeffici
ent is
560mV/g. 0g
corre
s
po
ndi
ng output vol
t
age is p
r
op
o
r
tional to VS, its
value is VS/2.
This p
a
rt mai
n
ly compl
e
te
d the preli
m
i
nar
y de
sig
n
step countin
g
algorithm
ba
sed o
n
Matlab
a
nd
L
abview software de
sign, motion
info
rm
ation colle
cte
d
by the
data
acq
u
isitio
n
card,
we o
b
taine
d
a set of h
u
m
an walki
ng a
c
celeration d
a
ta from h
u
m
an walki
ng, a
c
celeration a
nd
accele
ration
data obtain
e
d
by Matlab wave.
With the
dev
elopme
n
t of
MEMS (ME
M
S) of talent
sho
w
in
g itself, there a
p
peared
a
variety of sen
s
or
ba
sed p
r
eci
s
ion m
anu
facturin
g tech
nology for M
E
MS, using two pie
c
e
s
of
dual
axis
a
c
cele
ro
meter, can
measur
e the
static an
gle
joint. In dyn
a
mic
mea
s
u
r
ing p
r
o
c
e
ss,
the
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 11, Novem
ber 20
14: 78
76 – 788
3
7882
previou
s
m
e
thod i
s
difficul
t
to eliminate
the interf
e
r
e
n
ce
of ine
r
tial
accele
ration
motion of lo
wer
limb, the effect is not id
eal
. The actu
al rese
arch
a
nd i
t
is in additio
n
to static d
e
m
and
whe
n
the
angle, m
o
re
need to
obtai
n the dyn
a
mi
c bo
dy in
3
D
spa
c
e
an
gle
,
angula
r
vel
o
city and
ra
n
ge.
Based
on
the
model
of th
ree axi
s
sen
s
or o
n
the
co
mbination
of
softwa
r
e
and
hardware d
e
s
ign
method of kin
e
matic an
d in
erti
al navigati
on co
rrespon
ding.
Study the feasibility of using
accel
e
rati
on sensor to direct
ly measure the acceleration
method,
relia
bility, detectio
n
of a
c
cele
rat
i
on
sen
s
o
r
te
chn
o
logy vali
dity, objectivity, acceptabilit
y
of. The outp
u
t voltage v
a
lue of a
c
ce
leration
se
nsor, u
s
ing i
n
tegral
sm
ooth
i
ng meth
od
to
determi
ne th
e initial p
a
rt
of moving
an
gular velo
city, throug
h the
com
p
a
r
ative
study
of ang
ular
displ
a
cement
and accel
e
ra
tion are obtai
ned by
integrating the vide
o link motion
results.
ADXL20
3 ST
feet for the
self level inp
u
t
end. Wh
e
n
the ST pin
is co
nne
cte
d
to VS,
accelerom
e
ters into
self inspecti
on m
o
de, this will produce stati
c
el
ectri
c
ity in the sensor
center
plate, whi
c
h
offset. The a
c
celeromete
r
output
voltag
e value can
be judg
ed
wh
ether the
normal
function of the accele
ro
meter. Self checki
n
g
, typical voltage chang
es the
output of 700mV
(co
r
respon
din
g
to 700mg a
c
celeration
). In the non sel
f
checkin
g
m
ode, ST pin can be op
en o
r
c
o
nnec
ted to COM terminal.
ADXL34
5 is the digital thre
e axis accele
rometer, can b
e
used fo
r hig
h
resolution o
f
up to
± 16g a
c
cel
e
ration
(13
)
measu
r
em
e
n
t, 22 of its intern
al AD co
nverte
r, with 16 bi
nary
compl
e
me
nt in the form of
output, thro
u
gh SPI or
I
C
interface to ac
cess
.
IC det
ects 3Y
axis of
the wate
r pla
ne, Z axis a
nd ho
rizontal
line perpe
n
d
i
cula
r to it. ADXL34
5 axis accele
ration
of
gravity SDO/
component, cal
c
ulate the tilt
angle. X, 2ALTADDRESS pi
n is connected to t
he
ADDRESS pin, grounding, I2C addre
ss is
0x53, 0X
A6 write, 0xA
7
read the IC c
o
mmunic
a
tion
interface, as
sho
w
n in Fig
u
re 3 [6].
Figure 3.
ADXL345 Di
gital
Three Axis A
c
celeromete
r Structu
r
e Dia
g
ram
CS pinout d
i
agra
m
in ADXL34
5 is
use
d
to con
t
rol the sele
ction of I2C or SPI
comm
uni
cati
on p
r
oto
c
ol, f
o
r
high
level
repre
s
e
n
tation
usi
ng I2
C
protocol,
and
th
e SDA
and
S
C
L
pins a
r
e
con
necte
d to the I2C pin on
the
MC9S0
8
QE8 bu
s. Electro
n
ic
com
pass HMC5
8
4
3
sup
port
s
du
al voltage, whe
r
ein the pi
n VDD
core
voltage pin VDDIO, external I/O voltage, the
voltage mode
in the syste
m
, namely the core
voltag
e and extern
a
l
I/O voltage
of the same.
Sports information ma
n
ageme
n
t sy
stem
for
th
re
e
axis acce
lerom
e
ter ba
sed on
ADXL34
5 d
e
s
ign
ed i
n
thi
s
study
ca
n q
u
ickly an
d a
c
curately colle
ct hu
man
mo
tion informati
o
n
provide
s
a ne
w method fo
r observati
on, the study of h
u
man movem
ent.
Accel
e
ration
waveform re
al-time di
spla
y of
the operation interfa
c
e desi
gn, co
mpari
s
o
n
of results o
b
t
ained by on
e step te
st repeate
d
ste
p
cou
n
ting da
ta and real
data sho
w
: the
statistical error of the syst
em wa
s co
ntrolled wi
thin 1
%
, preci
s
ion t
o
achi
eve the
expected g
o
al.
Thro
ugh
the
micro in
ertial
tech
nolo
g
y
combi
ned
wit
h
navig
ation,
strap
do
wn
inertial
navigation
system in
a
c
cordan
ce
wit
h
the
pri
n
cip
l
e of the
gy
rosco
pe, a
ccelero
meter a
nd
magneto
m
ete
r
and with co
mmon co
mpo
nent mea
s
ur
ement unit, meet the desi
gn req
u
ire
m
e
n
ts
of ca
pturi
ng
human
motio
n
in
the
3D
spa
c
e
in
fo
rm
ation. Thi
s
system
can
si
mplify the
circuit
desi
gn; red
u
ce the power consumption o
f
the system, the comp
re
ssion sp
ace si
ze.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
De
sign a
nd Devel
opm
ent of Sports Man
agem
ent Inform
ation Syste
m
… (Yongxin
Wang
)
7883
4. Conclusio
n
The articl
e prese
n
ts de
sig
n
and develo
p
ment
of spo
r
ts manag
eme
n
t information
system
based o
n
a
c
cele
ration t
r
a
n
sd
ucer. Th
e ADXL
2
03
output si
gnal
band
width
determi
ne
s the
measuri
ng a
c
curacy. By filtering noi
se
den
sity
, improve the mea
s
ureme
n
t accura
cy. Its output
sign
al ba
nd
wi
dth is typicall
y 2.5KHZ. Filtering t
he
sign
al, it can
effectively preven
t the frequ
en
cy
aliasi
ng. Accordin
g to the
cha
nge
of XOUT, ADX
L
2
03
allo
ws the
filter cap
a
cit
o
r
size
at the
foot
of the Y
O
UT
to set
the
out
put si
gnal
ba
ndwi
d
th
r
equi
reme
nt. But t
o
en
su
re
that
its
output
sig
nal
band
width
ca
n not ex
cee
d
half the
size
of the
sa
mpli
ng fre
que
ncy
is A
D
conversion.
Whe
n
t
he
sign
al band
wi
dth is furthe
r redu
ce
d, can
redu
ce n
o
ise, improve the
measurement
accura
cy.
ADXL34
5 is t
he iMEMS te
chn
o
logy, the
digital output
of three axi
s
accele
rom
e
te
r ba
sed
on the me
asu
r
ing
ran
ge, wi
th ± 2G, ±
4G
, ± 8g, ± 1
6g
variable. 3
2
F
I
FO memo
ry chip
within th
e
zon
e
can
ca
che th
e data
,
thereby red
u
cin
g
the p
r
oce
s
sor's
bu
rden
and
re
duce the p
o
w
er
con
s
um
ption
of the syste
m
. I2C or S
P
I digita
l interface
ADXL3
45 ha
s hi
ghe
r re
sol
u
tion
an
d
sen
s
itivity, 3
mm × 5 mm
× 1 mm ult
r
a small
pa
ckage, 40
～
1
45
μ
A ultra
low po
we
r a
n
d
stand
ard,
whi
c
h i
s
very
su
itable for
mo
bile dev
i
c
e
s
.
Sports inform
ation ma
nag
ement pl
atform
develop
ed in this pap
er, ca
n be accu
rate
ly, real
-time manag
eme
n
t of human mot
i
on inform
atio
n,
provide
s
a
n
e
w m
e
thod f
o
r o
b
servatio
n, the st
u
d
y of huma
n
mo
vement. The
desi
gn meth
o
d
of
t
h
is sy
st
e
m
has t
he
cha
r
act
e
ri
st
ic
s o
f
simp
le ha
rdwa
re inte
rface, softwa
r
e pro
g
ra
mmi
ng
conve
n
ient, p
r
acti
cal, ha
s a certai
n refe
ren
c
e value i
n
pra
c
tical d
a
t
a acqui
sition
pro
c
e
ss.
Referen
ces
[1]
De En,
Na
na
W
e
i, Xiao
bi
n
W
ang, H
uan
gh
e W
e
i.
T
he Ne
w
Stud
y
of D
e
coup
lin
g Pro
b
l
e
m in
T
h
ree
-
compo
nent Ac
celer
a
tion S
e
is
mic Geoph
on
e.
JCIT
. 2012; 7(15): 529-
53
6.
[2]
Ken
C
a
i, Xi
a
o
y
in
g
L
i
an
g. Desig
n
of
W
i
reless
Acc
e
l
e
r
a
tion Sens
or Nod
e
s
Us
ed i
n
Mech
an
ical
Equi
pment Sta
t
us Monitori
ng.
IJACT
. 2011; 3(10): 41
3-4
2
0
.
[3]
Che
n
Liu, Ro
l
and
o Duarte,
Omar Granad
os, Jie
T
ang,
Shans
ha
n Liu,
Jean Andr
ian
.
Critical Path
Based Hard
w
a
re Acceler
a
tion for Cr
y
p
tos
y
st
ems.
IJACT
. 2
012; 4(1): 4
38-
452.
[4]
F
i
rst AuthorQiang Ye. C
o
rre
spon
din
g
Auth
or Z
heng
lu
n W
ang, Jing
gu
ang Qia
n
, Sha
n
Gao, Yini
n
g
Sun, Smart Sport-Emerge
nce
T
r
end of Sport Information.
JDCTA
. 2012; 6
(
11): 336-
34
2.
[5]
F
u
zhon
g W
a
n
g
, F
u
kai Z
h
a
n
g
. Lin
ear Mot
o
r Positi
oni
ng
S
y
stem Bas
e
d on Acc
e
ler
a
tion Se
nsor.
JDCTA
. 2013;
7(7): 868-
87
8.
[6]
Xi
n zhe
n
g
h
u
a
, Chen
xiao, S
ong Qi
xi
an
g, Hu Li
a
n
g
y
i, H
a
rmeet Ka
ur. T
he Sy
stem
o
f
Controll
in
g
Remote C
a
r b
y
W
i
reless Com
m
unic
a
tion b
a
s
ed on th
e AD
XL34
5.
AISS
. 2013; 5(9): 63
5-6
43.
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