I
nd
o
ne
s
ia
n J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l En
g
ineering
a
nd
Co
m
p
u
t
er
Science
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
5
2
4
~5
3
7
I
SS
N:
2
5
02
-
4
7
5
2
,
DOI
: 1
0
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1
1
5
9
1
/i
j
ee
cs.v
2
1
.i
1
.
pp
5
2
4
-
537
524
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ee
cs.ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Enha
ncing
so
ft
w
a
re develo
p
m
en
t
c
o
st control
by
foreca
sting
t
he
co
st of re
w
o
rk
:
p
reli
m
ina
ry
study
T
a
rig
Ah
m
ed
K
ha
li
d
,
E
ng
-
T
hia
m
Yeo
h
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s,
M
u
lt
im
e
d
ia
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
C
y
b
e
rja
y
a
,
M
a
la
y
sia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Ma
y
1
2
,
2
0
2
0
R
ev
i
s
ed
J
u
l
1
3
,
2
0
2
0
A
cc
ep
ted
J
u
l 2
7
,
2
0
2
0
In
d
u
strial
re
p
o
rts
sh
o
w
m
a
ss
i
v
e
c
o
st
o
v
e
rru
n
s
a
ss
o
c
iate
d
w
it
h
so
f
twa
re
p
ro
jec
ts.
T
h
e
c
o
st
o
f
so
f
t
w
a
re
r
e
w
o
rk
s
c
o
n
stit
u
tes
a
lar
g
e
p
o
rti
o
n
o
f
th
e
o
v
e
ra
ll
c
o
st,
re
f
lec
ti
n
g
a
su
b
sta
n
t
ial
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
in
c
o
st
c
o
n
tr
o
l.
Ear
n
e
d
v
a
lu
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
(EV
M
)
is
t
h
e
m
o
st
re
c
o
g
n
ize
d
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
p
ro
jec
t
c
o
st
c
o
n
tro
l
.
Ho
w
e
v
e
r,
it
sh
o
w
s
m
a
n
y
li
m
it
a
ti
o
n
s
in
f
o
re
c
a
stin
g
th
e
so
f
t
w
a
r
e
p
ro
jec
t
c
o
st,
lea
d
in
g
to
a
c
o
n
si
d
e
ra
b
le
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
in
c
o
st
c
o
n
tro
l.
Ne
v
e
rth
e
les
s,
th
e
m
a
jo
r
EV
M
li
m
it
a
ti
o
n
f
o
u
n
d
is
it
s
in
a
b
i
li
ty
to
f
o
re
c
a
st
th
e
c
o
st
o
f
so
f
t
w
a
re
re
w
o
rk
.
T
h
is
re
se
a
r
c
h
in
v
e
stig
a
ted
th
e
fa
c
to
rs aff
e
c
ti
n
g
th
is
li
m
it
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
s
u
g
g
e
sts a
n
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
EVM
m
o
d
e
l.
T
h
e
sig
n
if
ica
n
t
c
o
n
tri
b
u
ti
o
n
o
f
th
is
re
se
a
rc
h
is
it
s
in
c
o
rp
o
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
so
f
twa
re
-
re
lat
e
d
f
a
c
to
rs
in
to
th
e
EVM
m
o
d
e
l.
W
e
in
tro
d
u
c
e
d
th
e
s
o
f
tw
a
re
re
w
o
rk
in
d
e
x
(S
RI),
w
h
ich
is
i
n
c
o
rp
o
ra
ted
i
n
to
th
e
trad
it
io
n
a
l
EVM
m
o
d
e
l
to
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
it
s
p
re
d
icta
b
il
it
y
o
f
th
e
so
f
t
wa
re
p
ro
jec
t
c
o
st at
c
o
m
p
letio
n
,
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
th
e
re
w
o
rk
c
o
st.
W
e
d
e
f
in
e
d
th
e
S
RI
in
term
s o
f
tw
o
f
a
c
to
rs:
p
ro
d
u
c
t
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
p
lex
it
y
a
n
d
th
e
tea
m
c
o
m
p
e
ten
c
y
.
F
in
a
ll
y
,
we
e
v
a
lu
a
ted
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
m
o
d
e
l
u
sin
g
a
d
a
tas
e
t
d
ra
w
n
f
ro
m
f
iv
e
a
c
tu
a
l
p
ro
jec
ts.
T
h
e
re
su
lt
s
sh
o
we
d
a
sig
n
if
ic
a
n
t
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
in
fo
re
c
a
stin
g
a
c
c
u
ra
c
y
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
E
ar
n
ed
v
alu
e
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
E
VM
So
f
t
w
ar
e
co
s
t c
o
n
tr
o
l
So
f
t
w
ar
e
co
s
t
esti
m
at
io
n
So
f
t
w
ar
e
r
e
w
o
r
k
T
h
is
is
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
T
ar
ig
A
h
m
ed
Kh
al
id
Facu
lt
y
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
tin
g
a
n
d
I
n
f
o
r
m
at
ics
Mu
lti
m
ed
ia
U
n
iv
er
s
it
y
C
y
b
er
j
ay
a
6
3
1
0
0
,
Ma
lay
s
ia
E
m
ail: t.
a.
k
h
alid
@
ieee
.
o
r
g
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Deliv
er
i
n
g
a
q
u
ali
t
y
p
r
o
d
u
ct
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
b
u
d
g
et
i
s
a
co
r
e
o
b
jectiv
e
f
o
r
p
r
o
j
ec
t
m
a
n
ag
er
s
.
Me
etin
g
t
h
i
s
ai
m
i
n
t
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
i
s
ch
alle
n
g
i
n
g
.
Or
g
an
iza
tio
n
s
w
a
s
te
b
illi
o
n
s
o
f
d
o
llar
s
o
n
f
a
iled
an
d
ch
alle
n
g
in
g
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
C
h
ao
s
R
ep
o
r
t
s
tated
t
h
at
5
6
%
o
f
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
co
s
t
-
o
v
er
r
u
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
y
ea
r
2
0
1
1
to
2
0
1
5
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
ed
to
6
5
%
b
y
t
h
e
e
n
d
o
f
2
0
1
7
[
2
,
3
]
,
s
h
o
w
in
g
t
h
e
co
m
p
lex
it
y
o
f
th
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
is
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
s
o
f
m
a
n
y
f
ac
to
r
s
,
s
u
ch
as
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
a
n
d
v
o
latilit
y
,
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
d
if
f
ic
u
ltie
s
,
u
n
p
la
n
n
ed
r
e
w
o
r
k
,
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
er
s
'
co
m
p
e
ten
c
y
le
v
el
s
[
4
-
1
0
]
.
I
n
p
r
ac
tice,
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
te
s
tin
g
tea
m
s
,
m
u
tu
al
l
y
,
co
n
d
u
ct
m
u
ltip
le
c
y
cle
s
o
f
r
e
w
o
r
k
s
an
d
test
s
u
n
til
t
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
is
co
m
p
lian
t
w
ith
t
h
e
cu
s
to
m
er
s
'
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
[
6
,
1
1
]
.
E
ar
ly
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
d
ef
ec
t
s
i
s
o
f
les
s
co
s
t
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
late
d
etec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
d
ela
y
ed
r
ep
air
s
m
a
y
m
a
k
e
t
h
e
co
s
t
h
ig
h
er
a
s
3
0
0
to
1
0
0
0
ti
m
e
s
t
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
ea
r
l
y
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
s
[
1
2
,
1
3
]
.
I
n
g
en
er
al,
t
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
r
e
w
o
r
k
s
m
a
y
co
n
s
ti
tu
te
3
0
%
to
5
0
%
o
f
t
h
e
to
tal
co
s
t
[
1
0
,
14
-
1
6
]
.
T
ec
h
n
ica
l
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
m
a
k
es
ea
r
l
y
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
o
f
is
s
u
es
ch
al
len
g
i
n
g
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
r
is
e
o
f
t
h
e
I
n
ter
n
et
-
of
-
T
h
in
g
s
an
d
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
as
in
cr
ea
s
ed
t
h
e
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
o
f
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
in
ter
m
s
o
f
attr
ib
u
tes
s
u
c
h
a
s
co
d
e
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
,
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
an
d
v
o
latili
t
y
,
a
n
d
ar
ch
itect
u
r
al
co
m
p
lex
it
y
[
6
,
11,
1
7
]
.
R
ec
en
t
s
t
u
d
ies
s
tated
t
h
at
7
8
%
to
8
2
%
o
f
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
E
n
h
a
n
ci
n
g
s
o
ftw
a
r
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t c
o
s
t c
o
n
tr
o
l b
y
fo
r
ec
a
s
tin
g
th
e
co
s
t o
f rew
o
r
k:
… (
Ta
r
ig
A
h
med
K
h
a
lid
)
525
b
eh
in
d
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
r
e
w
o
r
k
s
ar
e
d
u
e
to
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
-
r
elate
d
p
r
o
b
lem
s
[
1
2
,
1
4
]
.
Sin
ce
p
e
o
p
le
d
ev
elo
p
th
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e,
t
h
e
h
u
m
an
s
id
e
c
an
n
o
t
b
e
i
g
n
o
r
ed
i
n
f
av
o
r
o
f
tec
h
n
ica
l
attr
ib
u
tes.
Ma
n
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t c
h
alle
n
g
es a
r
e
d
u
e
to
h
u
m
a
n
f
ac
to
r
s
[
4
,
9
]
.
T
o
co
n
tr
o
l
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t
co
s
t,
p
r
o
j
ec
t
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
b
est
p
r
ac
tices
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
th
e
ea
r
n
ed
v
al
u
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
en
t
(
E
VM
)
m
o
d
el
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
co
s
t
co
n
tr
o
l
to
o
l.
T
h
e
in
s
t
itu
te
o
f
elec
tr
ical
an
d
e
lect
r
o
n
ics
e
n
g
in
ee
r
s
(
I
E
E
E
)
,
p
r
o
j
e
ct
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
en
t
i
n
s
ti
tu
te
(
P
MI
)
,
an
d
i
n
ter
n
at
io
n
al
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
f
o
r
s
tan
d
ar
d
izati
o
n
(
I
SO)
h
av
e
all
i
n
clu
d
ed
t
h
e
E
VM
as
p
ar
t
o
f
th
eir
p
r
o
j
ec
t
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
[
1
1
,
1
8
-
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
E
VM
m
o
d
el
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
in
teg
r
ated
s
co
p
e,
s
ch
ed
u
le,
an
d
co
s
t
b
aseli
n
e
[
1
8
]
.
I
t
esti
m
ates
t
h
e
to
tal
p
r
o
j
ec
t
co
s
t
in
ter
m
s
o
f
a
v
ar
iab
le
ca
lled
th
e
esti
m
ate
a
t
co
m
p
letio
n
(
E
AC
)
.
T
h
e
E
A
C
is
d
er
iv
ed
in
ter
m
s
o
f
t
w
o
i
n
d
ic
es
ca
lled
th
e
co
s
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
in
d
ex
(
C
P
I
)
an
d
Sch
ed
u
le
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
I
n
d
ex
(
SP
I
)
.
T
h
e
C
P
I
an
d
SP
I
a
r
e
p
er
io
d
ically
ca
lc
u
lated
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
m
a
n
y
v
ar
iab
les
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
m
is
t
h
e
p
er
ce
n
t
co
m
p
let
io
n
(
%
C
)
,
w
h
ic
h
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
th
e
p
er
ce
n
t o
f
w
o
r
k
d
o
n
e
s
in
ce
t
h
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t k
ick
-
o
f
f
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
J
u
r
is
o
n
[
2
2
]
ar
g
u
e
d
th
at
th
er
e
ar
e
d
if
f
ic
u
ltie
s
in
m
an
a
g
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
d
u
e
to
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
in
ta
n
g
ib
ilit
y
,
co
m
p
l
ex
it
y
,
a
n
d
v
o
lat
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
E
VM
m
o
d
el
is
n
o
t
d
esi
g
n
ed
to
d
ea
l
w
it
h
s
u
c
h
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
.
I
t
is
i
n
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
ac
cu
r
atel
y
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
t
h
e
E
AC
o
f
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
d
u
e
t
o
f
o
u
r
f
ac
to
r
s
.
Firs
t,
th
e
E
A
C
d
o
es
n
o
t
i
n
clu
d
e
t
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
r
e
w
o
r
k
.
Sec
o
n
d
,
th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
its
i
n
d
i
ce
s
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
i
n
tan
g
ib
le
p
r
o
d
u
cts
s
u
c
h
as
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
is
c
h
a
llen
g
in
g
.
A
l
th
o
u
g
h
%C
co
u
ld
b
e
s
u
b
j
ec
tiv
e
an
d
u
n
ce
r
tai
n
i
n
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
,
th
e
E
VM
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
d
eter
m
in
is
t
ic
[
2
3
,
2
4
]
.
T
h
ir
d
,
th
e
E
VM
d
o
es
n
o
t
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
as
it
o
n
l
y
ac
ce
p
ts
t
h
e
d
eliv
er
ab
les
u
p
o
n
co
m
p
le
tio
n
[
2
5
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
p
o
o
r
q
u
ality
w
i
ll
le
ad
to
f
u
r
th
er
r
e
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
co
s
t
o
v
er
r
u
n
.
Fo
u
r
th
,
m
an
y
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
f
ailed
o
r
ex
ce
ed
ed
th
eir
b
aselin
es
d
u
e
to
th
e
h
u
m
a
n
s
id
e,
w
h
ic
h
is
o
v
er
lo
o
k
ed
b
y
th
e
E
VM
m
o
d
el
[
2
6
]
.
Du
r
in
g
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
it i
s
ch
allen
g
in
g
to
is
o
late
h
u
m
a
n
f
ac
to
r
s
f
r
o
m
tech
n
ical
o
n
es [
9
]
.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
s
u
g
g
e
s
ts
en
h
a
n
cin
g
t
h
e
E
VM
co
s
t
p
r
ed
ictab
ilit
y
b
y
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
t
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
r
e
w
o
r
k
an
d
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
i
n
d
i
g
en
o
u
s
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
p
r
o
d
u
ct
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
an
d
tea
m
co
m
p
e
ten
c
y
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
it
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
ec
tiv
it
y
i
n
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
p
r
o
g
r
es
s
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
b
y
ad
o
p
tin
g
t
h
e
f
u
n
ct
io
n
p
o
in
t
an
al
y
s
is
(
FP
A
)
.
W
e
h
y
p
o
t
h
esized
th
at
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
in
esti
m
at
in
g
th
e
E
AC
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
E
VM
is
less
th
an
th
e
er
r
o
r
o
b
tain
ed
w
h
e
n
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
E
V
M.
W
e
ev
al
u
ated
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
u
s
in
g
d
ata
co
llec
ted
f
r
o
m
ac
tu
al
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
t
h
e
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
a
n
ized
as
f
o
llo
w
s
.
Sectio
n
2
co
v
er
s
t
h
e
r
elate
d
r
esear
ch
.
Se
c
tio
n
3
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
d
etailed
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
m
et
h
o
d
.
Sectio
n
4
il
lu
s
tr
ate
s
t
h
e
r
es
u
lts
w
h
i
le
Se
ctio
n
5
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
.
C
o
n
cl
u
s
io
n
s
a
n
d
f
u
tu
r
e
w
o
r
k
ar
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
in
S
e
ctio
n
6.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
S
L
a
n
g
s
ar
i
an
d
Sar
n
o
[
2
7
]
s
u
g
g
ested
h
y
b
r
id
m
o
d
els
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
C
O
C
OM
O
I
I
an
d
f
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
to
esti
m
ate
th
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t
c
o
s
t.
E
s
tek
i
et
al.
[
2
8
]
s
u
g
g
ested
th
e
a
u
g
m
e
n
tat
io
n
o
f
th
e
co
s
t
co
n
tr
o
l
m
e
th
o
d
s
w
it
h
a
r
is
k
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
.
De
So
u
za
et
al.
s
u
g
g
ested
s
tati
s
tic
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
en
h
an
ce
E
AC
ac
cu
r
ac
y
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
h
is
to
r
ical
d
ata
[
2
9
]
.
A
ce
b
es
e
t
al.
[
3
0
]
u
s
ed
t
h
e
Mo
n
te
C
ar
lo
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
co
m
b
in
ed
w
it
h
th
e
E
VM
m
o
d
el
to
co
n
d
u
ct
a
p
r
o
j
ec
t
r
is
k
an
al
y
s
is
.
T
h
ey
ar
g
u
ed
th
at
th
e
tr
ad
i
tio
n
al
E
VM
m
o
d
el
r
esu
lts
i
n
o
p
tim
i
s
tic
in
d
ices
lead
in
g
to
a
n
i
n
ac
cu
r
ate
E
AC
.
Oth
er
r
esear
c
h
er
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
q
u
alit
y
b
ased
E
VM
m
o
d
els
b
y
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
q
u
alit
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
d
ices
b
ased
o
n
h
is
to
r
ical
d
ata
[
3
1
-
3
3
]
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
s
e
in
d
ice
s
is
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t e
n
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
els ar
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lt t
o
g
en
er
alize
d
u
e
to
th
eir
d
ep
e
n
d
en
c
y
o
n
h
is
to
r
ical
d
ata,
w
h
ic
h
d
ef
ie
s
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
attr
ib
u
te
o
f
p
r
o
j
ec
ts
,
i.
e.
,
u
n
iq
u
e
n
es
s
.
A
l
s
o
,
th
e
d
ata
u
n
a
v
ailab
ilit
y
m
a
y
m
ak
e
s
tati
s
tical
tec
h
n
iq
u
es c
h
allen
g
in
g
to
ap
p
l
y
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
j
ec
tiv
e
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
p
r
o
g
r
es
s
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
s
i
n
s
p
ir
ed
r
esear
ch
er
s
to
i
n
te
g
r
at
e
th
e
FP
A
w
it
h
t
h
e
E
VM
m
o
d
el
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
q
u
an
titati
v
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
s
[
3
4
-
3
6
]
.
Oth
er
s
tu
d
ies
s
u
g
g
es
t
ed
th
e
A
g
ile
E
VM
,
w
h
ic
h
e
x
p
r
ess
es
t
h
e
E
VM
v
ar
iab
les i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
Ag
ile
v
ar
iab
les s
u
c
h
a
s
s
to
r
y
p
o
in
t
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
p
r
in
ts
[
3
7
-
4
0
]
.
W
h
ile
th
e
Ag
ile
E
V
M
m
a
k
es
i
t
ea
s
y
to
ap
p
l
y
t
h
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
E
VM
,
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
ad
d
r
ess
li
m
itatio
n
s
s
u
c
h
as
t
h
e
lac
k
o
f
q
u
alit
y
i
n
d
icato
r
s
an
d
t
h
e
h
u
m
a
n
f
ac
t
o
r
s
.
E
f
e
an
d
De
m
ir
o
s
[
1
0
]
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
ch
an
g
e
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
m
o
d
el
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
at
in
g
t
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
r
e
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
c
h
an
g
e
s
i
n
to
t
h
e
E
VM
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
m
o
d
e
l
o
b
tain
ed
p
r
o
m
is
i
n
g
r
esu
l
ts
i
n
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
t
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
co
s
t.
P
r
ac
h
ar
asn
i
y
o
m
e
t
al.
[
4
1
]
an
d
Var
g
as
[
4
2
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
i
f
ied
E
VM
m
o
d
els
th
at
a
s
s
e
s
s
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
p
r
o
j
e
ct
m
e
m
b
er
s
'
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
b
o
th
s
t
u
d
ies
d
id
n
o
t
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
r
ea
l
h
u
m
a
n
attr
ib
u
te
s
in
to
t
h
eir
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
m
o
d
els
as
t
h
e
y
u
s
ed
tr
ad
itio
n
al
E
VM
d
ata.
Ou
r
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
ie
w
i
n
d
icate
s
a
c
o
n
s
id
er
ab
le
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
g
ap
i
n
r
elatin
g
t
h
e
h
u
m
a
n
f
ac
to
r
s
to
th
e
E
VM
m
o
d
el.
W
e
f
o
u
n
d
o
n
l
y
li
m
ited
s
tu
d
i
es
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
ati
n
g
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
t
h
e
h
u
m
an
s
id
e
o
f
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
[8
,
43
-
4
7
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
524
-
537
526
3.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
3
.
1
.
Co
ncept
ua
l m
o
de
llin
g
W
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
a
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
m
o
d
el
t
h
at
m
o
n
ito
r
s
t
h
e
p
r
o
j
e
ct
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
v
ia
t
h
r
ee
v
ar
i
ab
les:
th
e
co
s
t,
s
ch
ed
u
le,
an
d
p
r
ed
icted
r
e
w
o
r
k
.
W
e
s
u
g
g
es
ted
th
at
th
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
r
e
w
o
r
k
m
ai
n
l
y
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
t
w
o
m
aj
o
r
f
ac
to
r
s
:
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
a
n
d
d
ev
elo
p
er
s
’
co
m
p
eten
c
y
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
w
e
u
s
ed
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
t
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
r
e
w
o
r
k
as t
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t o
f
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
r
e
w
o
r
k
s
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
r
ee
d
is
ti
n
ct
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
ies:
a)
No
r
e
w
o
r
k
s
i
f
t
h
e
d
eliv
er
ab
les
ar
e
w
h
o
ll
y
ac
ce
p
ted
b)
Hig
h
lev
el
o
f
u
n
p
lan
n
ed
r
e
w
o
r
k
s
i
f
t
h
e
d
eliv
er
ab
les ar
e
en
tir
el
y
r
ej
ec
ted
c)
R
e
w
o
r
k
s
r
a
n
g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
lo
w
to
h
ig
h
le
v
els i
f
t
h
e
d
eliv
er
ab
les
ar
e
p
ar
tially
ac
ce
p
ted
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
l
y
,
i
f
a
lo
w
-
co
m
p
et
en
c
y
tea
m
d
ev
e
lo
p
s
s
o
p
h
i
s
tica
t
ed
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e,
th
e
v
o
l
u
m
e
o
f
d
ef
ec
ts
w
ill
lik
el
y
b
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t,
lead
i
n
g
to
a
h
ig
h
le
v
el
o
f
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
r
e
w
o
r
k
s
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
el
y
,
t
h
e
r
e
w
o
r
k
s
le
v
el
m
a
y
b
e
a
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
if
a
r
e
m
ar
k
ab
l
y
h
i
g
h
co
m
p
ete
n
c
y
tea
m
is
as
s
ig
n
e
d
to
d
ev
elo
p
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
o
f
lo
w
c
o
m
p
le
x
it
y
.
W
e
a
ls
o
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
t
h
e
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
to
m
iti
g
ate
th
e
s
u
b
j
ec
tiv
it
y
in
t
h
e
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
o
f
d
ev
elo
p
er
s
’
co
m
p
ete
n
cie
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
m
o
d
el
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
E
VM
c
o
n
ce
p
tu
al
m
o
d
el
3.
2
.
M
a
t
he
m
a
t
ica
l
m
o
dell
in
g
W
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
a
m
a
th
e
m
atic
al
m
o
d
el
co
n
s
i
s
ti
n
g
o
f
t
w
o
p
ar
ts
: t
h
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
E
VM
a
n
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ex
ten
s
io
n
.
I
n
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
p
ar
t,
w
e
ad
o
p
ted
th
e
FP
A
in
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
s
ize,
r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
v
o
latili
t
y
,
an
d
th
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
s
o
f
ar
.
T
h
en
w
e
u
s
ed
t
h
e
s
e
s
ize
s
to
ca
lcu
late
t
h
e
%C
.
W
e
d
et
er
m
i
n
ed
th
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
r
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
f
u
n
cti
o
n
al
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
an
d
tea
m
co
m
p
e
ten
c
y
,
as
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
th
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
m
o
d
el.
W
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
l
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
i
n
d
ex
(
F
C
I
)
,
w
h
ich
d
ef
in
e
s
th
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct's
f
u
n
ct
io
n
al
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
.
T
h
e
FC
I
v
al
u
e
was
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
FP
A
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
w
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
th
e
tea
m
co
m
p
ete
n
c
y
i
n
d
ex
(
T
C
I
)
to
m
o
d
el
th
e
tea
m
co
m
p
eten
c
y
.
T
h
e
T
C
I
w
a
s
d
er
iv
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
co
m
p
ete
n
c
y
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
(
SDC
F),
as
s
u
g
g
e
s
te
d
b
y
K
h
alid
a
n
d
Yeo
h
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
t
w
o
in
d
ice
s
w
er
e
r
elate
d
in
ter
m
s
o
f
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
i
c
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
r
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
d
ex
(
SR
I
)
.
Fi
n
all
y
,
w
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
th
e
E
AC
in
ter
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
C
P
I
,
SP
I
,
an
d
SR
I
,
as
d
escr
ib
ed
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
tech
n
iq
u
es
u
s
ed
to
ad
d
r
es
s
th
e
li
m
itatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
o
d
el
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
in
T
ab
le
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
ath
e
m
at
i
ca
l
m
o
d
el
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
E
n
h
a
n
ci
n
g
s
o
ftw
a
r
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t c
o
s
t c
o
n
tr
o
l b
y
fo
r
ec
a
s
tin
g
th
e
co
s
t o
f rew
o
r
k:
… (
Ta
r
ig
A
h
med
K
h
a
lid
)
527
T
ab
le
1
.
So
lu
tio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es to
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
ath
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
el
L
i
mi
t
a
t
i
o
n
A
d
d
r
e
sse
d
B
y
A
d
o
p
t
e
d
T
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
U
n
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
t
y
i
n
me
a
s
u
r
i
n
g
%
C
Q
u
a
n
t
i
f
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
so
f
t
w
a
r
e
si
z
i
n
g
F
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
P
o
i
n
t
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
EA
C
f
o
r
e
c
a
st
d
o
e
s n
o
t
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
t
h
e
so
f
t
w
a
r
e
r
e
w
o
r
k
s
I
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
i
n
g
t
h
e
S
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
R
e
w
o
r
k
I
n
d
e
x
(
S
R
I
)
F
u
z
z
y
L
o
g
i
c
L
a
c
k
o
f
a
d
d
r
e
ssi
n
g
t
h
e
h
u
m
a
n
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
I
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
i
n
g
t
h
e
T
e
a
m Pe
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
I
n
d
e
x
(
T
C
I
)
F
u
z
z
y
L
o
g
i
c
F
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
P
o
i
n
t
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
L
a
c
k
o
f
a
d
d
r
e
ssi
n
g
t
h
e
t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
so
f
t
w
a
r
e
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
st
i
c
s
I
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
i
n
g
t
h
e
F
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
mp
l
e
x
i
t
y
I
n
d
e
x
(
F
C
I
)
F
u
z
z
y
L
o
g
i
c
F
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
P
o
i
n
t
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
W
e
ca
lcu
lated
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
E
VM
in
d
ices a
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
eq
u
at
io
n
s
.
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
c%
is
th
e
p
er
ce
n
t c
o
m
p
letio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t w
o
r
k
.
(
2
)
W
h
er
e
E
V
is
th
e
ea
r
n
ed
v
a
lu
e
an
d
B
AC
is
t
h
e
b
u
d
g
et
at
co
m
p
letio
n
.
(
3
)
(
4
)
W
h
er
e
C
P
I
an
d
SP
I
ar
e
t
h
e
c
o
s
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
n
d
ex
a
n
d
s
c
h
ed
u
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
n
d
ex
,
r
e
s
p
ec
tiv
el
y
.
E
V,
AC
,
an
d
P
V
ar
e
th
e
ea
r
n
ed
v
alu
e,
a
ctu
al
co
s
t,
an
d
p
lan
n
ed
v
al
u
e,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
(
5
)
W
h
er
e
E
AC
T1
is
t
h
e
co
s
t e
s
ti
m
ate
at
co
m
p
letio
n
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
o
n
l
y
th
e
co
s
t p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
(
6
)
W
h
er
e
E
AC
T2
i
s
th
e
co
s
t
e
s
ti
m
ate
at
co
m
p
letio
n
co
n
s
i
d
er
in
g
b
o
t
th
e
co
s
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
s
c
h
ed
u
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e.
B
o
th
AC
an
d
P
V
w
er
e
ca
lcu
lated
in
p
er
s
o
n
-
d
ay
s
.
On
th
e
o
t
h
er
h
an
d
,
w
e
u
s
ed
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
to
m
o
d
el
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
e
en
th
e
e
x
ten
d
ed
m
o
d
el
v
ar
iab
les.
W
e
u
s
ed
Ma
m
d
an
i
’
s
f
u
zz
y
in
f
er
en
ce
s
y
s
te
m
(
FIS)
as
it
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
u
s
ed
FIS
d
u
e
to
its
in
tu
it
iv
e
n
atu
r
e
a
n
d
its
s
u
i
tin
g
to
th
e
h
u
m
an
i
n
p
u
t
[
4
8
]
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
m
o
d
el
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
u
zz
y
m
o
d
el
W
e
im
p
le
m
e
n
ted
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
u
zz
y
m
o
d
el
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
s
tep
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
524
-
537
528
Ste
p
1:
SR
I
d
ef
in
i
tio
n
a
n
d
f
u
z
zif
icatio
n
W
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
th
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
r
e
w
o
r
k
lev
e
l
as
a
r
atio
o
f
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
r
e
w
o
r
k
(
C
O
R
)
to
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t (
C
OD)
.
T
h
is
r
atio
is
ca
lled
th
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
r
e
w
o
r
k
in
d
e
x
(
SR
I
)
.
Hen
ce
,
(
7
)
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
SR
I
i
s
f
u
zz
y
,
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
s
ta
t
u
s
o
f
d
eli
v
er
ab
les
a
f
ter
te
s
ti
n
g
.
I
f
t
h
e
d
eliv
er
ab
le
is
en
tire
l
y
ac
ce
p
te
d
,
th
en
S
R
I
eq
u
als
ze
r
o
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
el
y
,
i
f
th
e
d
eli
v
er
ab
le
is
en
t
ir
el
y
r
ej
ec
ted
,
th
en
SR
I
is
ex
p
ec
ted
to
b
e
a
s
izab
l
e
n
u
m
b
er
.
I
f
th
e
d
eli
v
er
ab
le
is
p
ar
tiall
y
ac
ce
p
ted
,
th
e
n
S
R
I
>
0
r
an
g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
lo
w
to
h
i
g
h
v
a
lu
e
s
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
o
f
SR
I
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
ter
m
s
o
f
tr
ap
ez
o
id
al
s
h
ap
es,
a
s
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
n
u
m
b
er
s
ar
e
s
elec
ted
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
es o
f
r
e
w
o
r
k
s
s
tated
b
y
Mic
r
o
Fo
cu
s
[
1
4
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
SR
I
f
u
zz
y
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
Ste
p
2:
F
C
I
d
ef
in
i
tio
n
a
n
d
f
u
z
zif
icatio
n
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
FP
A
,
ea
c
h
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e,
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
its
f
u
n
c
tio
n
t
y
p
e,
is
as
s
ig
n
ed
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
w
ei
g
h
t
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
its
co
m
p
lex
i
t
y
.
T
h
is
w
ei
g
h
t
co
u
ld
b
e
lo
w
,
a
v
er
ag
e,
o
r
h
ig
h
.
T
h
e
FC
I
o
f
ea
ch
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
f
u
n
c
tio
n
i
s
gi
v
e
n
b
y
:
X1
0
0
(
8
)
W
h
er
e
FP
is
th
e
w
ei
g
h
t
ass
i
g
n
ed
to
th
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
lo
w
,
av
er
a
g
e,
o
r
h
ig
h
)
,
FP
m
ax
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
“
Hi
g
h
”
w
eig
h
t.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
f
u
n
ct
io
n
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
is
d
ef
i
n
ed
b
y
ca
lc
u
lati
n
g
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
ata
elem
e
n
t
t
y
p
e
s
(
DE
T
)
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
ec
o
r
d
ele
m
e
n
t
t
y
p
e
s
(
R
E
T
)
,
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
f
ile
t
y
p
es
r
e
f
er
en
ce
d
(
FT
R
)
,
as
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
I
FP
UG
[
4
9
]
.
A
t a
s
p
ec
if
ic
ch
ec
k
p
o
in
t i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
j
ec
t lif
ec
y
cle,
th
e
o
v
er
all
FC
I
is
ca
lcu
lated
as:
∑
∑
X1
0
0
(
9
)
W
h
er
e
FP
i
is
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
p
o
in
ts
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
b
y
t
h
e
i
th
ta
s
k
,
in
cl
u
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
ize
o
f
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
ch
an
g
es,
FP
_
m
ax
is
t
h
e
s
u
m
o
f
t
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
p
o
in
t
s
w
h
en
a
s
s
ig
n
ed
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
v
al
u
es,
a
n
d
N
is
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
task
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
at
t
h
e
ti
m
e
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
n
,
F
C
I
is
f
u
zz
if
ied
a
n
d
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
i
n
li
n
g
u
i
s
tic
ter
m
s
s
u
c
h
th
at:
̃
=[
Ver
y
L
o
w
,
L
o
w
,
Av
er
ag
e,
Hig
h
,
Ver
y
Hi
g
h
]
(
1
0
)
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
o
f
th
e
FC
I
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
ter
m
s
o
f
tr
ap
e
zo
id
al
s
h
ap
es,
as in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
E
n
h
a
n
ci
n
g
s
o
ftw
a
r
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t c
o
s
t c
o
n
tr
o
l b
y
fo
r
ec
a
s
tin
g
th
e
co
s
t o
f rew
o
r
k:
… (
Ta
r
ig
A
h
med
K
h
a
lid
)
529
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
FC
I
f
u
zz
y
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
Ste
p
3:
T
C
I
ca
l
cu
latio
n
a
n
d
f
u
zz
if
icatio
n
W
e
ca
lcu
lated
th
e
T
C
I
in
ter
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
d
ev
elo
p
er
co
m
p
eten
c
y
i
n
d
ex
(
DC
I
)
,
as
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
Kh
al
id
an
d
Yeo
h
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
DC
I
,
w
h
ic
h
q
u
a
n
ti
f
ie
s
t
h
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
d
ev
elo
p
er
's
co
m
p
ete
n
c
y
,
is
ca
lc
u
lated
b
y
g
iv
in
g
w
ei
g
h
ts
to
ea
ch
co
m
p
e
ten
c
y
.
T
h
e
n
,
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
co
m
p
eten
c
y
o
f
ea
c
h
d
ev
elo
p
er
is
c
alcu
lated
.
T
h
e
T
C
I
r
ese
m
b
les t
h
e
ce
n
tr
o
id
o
f
th
e
w
h
o
le
d
ev
elo
p
er
s
.
T
C
I
is
f
u
zz
if
ied
an
d
ex
p
r
es
s
ed
in
li
n
g
u
i
s
ti
c
ter
m
s
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
̃
=[
Ver
y
L
o
w
,
L
o
w
,
Av
er
ag
e,
Hig
h
,
Ver
y
Hi
g
h
]
(
1
1
)
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
o
f
T
C
I
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
tr
ap
ez
o
id
al
s
h
ap
es,
as i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
C
I
f
u
zz
y
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
Ste
p
4:
Fu
zz
y
r
u
les
’
d
ef
i
n
itio
n
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
v
al
u
es
o
f
S
R
I
ar
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
e
s
tab
lis
h
i
n
g
a
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
a
m
o
n
g
SR
I
,
F
C
I
,
an
d
T
C
I
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
f
u
zz
y
r
u
le:
I
F
T
C
I
I
S
[
Va
lue]
AND
F
C
I
I
S
[
Va
lue]
T
H
E
N
SR
I
I
S
[
VALU
E
]
.
T
h
e
s
et
o
f
f
u
zz
y
r
u
les is
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
ab
le
2
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
u
zz
y
r
u
le
s
ID
T
C
I
F
C
I
S
R
I
1
V
e
r
y
L
o
w
V
e
r
y
L
o
w
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
2
V
e
r
y
L
o
w
L
o
w
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
3
V
e
r
y
L
o
w
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
H
i
g
h
4
V
e
r
y
L
o
w
H
i
g
h
V
e
r
y
H
i
g
h
5
V
e
r
y
L
o
w
V
e
r
y
H
i
g
h
V
e
r
y
H
i
g
h
6
L
o
w
V
e
r
y
L
o
w
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
7
L
o
w
L
o
w
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
8
L
o
w
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
H
i
g
h
9
L
o
w
H
i
g
h
H
i
g
h
10
L
o
w
V
e
r
y
H
i
g
h
V
e
r
y
H
i
g
h
11
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
V
e
r
y
L
o
w
L
o
w
12
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
L
o
w
L
o
w
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
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p
Sci,
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
524
-
537
530
ID
T
C
I
F
C
I
S
R
I
14
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
H
i
g
h
H
i
g
h
15
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
V
e
r
y
H
i
g
h
H
i
g
h
16
H
i
g
h
V
e
r
y
L
o
w
V
e
r
y
L
o
w
17
H
i
g
h
L
o
w
L
o
w
18
H
i
g
h
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
L
o
w
19
H
i
g
h
H
i
g
h
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
20
H
i
g
h
V
e
r
y
H
i
g
h
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
21
V
.
H
i
g
h
V
e
r
y
L
o
w
V
e
r
y
L
o
w
22
V
.
H
i
g
h
L
o
w
V
e
r
y
L
o
w
23
V
.
H
i
g
h
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
L
o
w
24
V
.
H
i
g
h
H
i
g
h
L
o
w
25
V
.
H
i
g
h
V
e
r
y
H
i
g
h
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
Ste
p
5:
E
A
C
C
alcu
latio
n
T
h
e
to
tal
co
s
t o
f
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
w
o
r
k
is
g
i
v
en
b
y
:
T
o
tal
C
o
s
t=COD+C
O
R
(
1
2
)
W
h
er
e
C
OD
i
s
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
d
ev
elo
p
ed
an
d
C
OR
is
t
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
r
e
w
o
r
k
s
.
Fro
m
(
7
)
,
it
is
g
iv
e
n
t
h
at
C
OR
=
SR
I
x
C
O
D
.
Hen
ce
,
to
t
al
co
s
t
=COD
x
(
1
+SR
I
)
.
T
h
e
C
OD
is
eq
u
al
to
th
e
E
AC
T
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
E
VM
m
o
d
el,
w
h
i
le
th
e
to
tal
co
s
t
eq
u
als t
h
e
E
AC
P
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
:
E
AC
P
=E
A
C
T
x
(
1
+S
R
I
)
(
1
3
)
W
h
er
e
SR
I
i
s
t
h
e
cr
i
s
p
v
al
u
e
ca
lc
u
lated
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
f
u
zz
y
r
u
les
d
escr
ib
ed
in
T
ab
le
2
.
Su
b
s
ti
tu
t
in
g
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
E
AC
T
in
(
5
)
an
d
(
6
)
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
,
y
ield
s
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tw
o
s
ce
n
a
r
io
s
o
f
E
AC
:
(
1
4
)
(
1
5
)
W
h
er
e
P1
is
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
d
b
y
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
C
P
I
,
an
d
P2
is
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
b
y
th
e
v
al
u
es
o
f
b
o
th
C
P
I
an
d
SP
I
.
3.
3
.
H
y
po
t
hes
es def
ini
t
io
n
W
e
d
ef
in
ed
t
w
o
h
y
p
o
t
h
eses
.
T
he
f
irst
hy
po
t
hes
i
s
Null
h
y
po
t
hes
is
:
W
h
e
n
C
P
I
is
th
e
o
n
l
y
in
f
l
u
en
c
in
g
f
ac
to
r
,
th
er
e
is
n
o
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
ce
i
n
th
e
er
r
o
r
s
o
b
tain
ed
w
h
e
n
esti
m
ati
n
g
th
e
E
AC
u
s
in
g
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
E
VM
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
E
VM
.
Alt
er
na
t
iv
e
h
y
po
t
hes
is
:
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h
en
C
P
I
is
th
e
o
n
l
y
in
f
l
u
e
n
cin
g
f
ac
to
r
,
th
e
er
r
o
r
in
esti
m
ati
n
g
th
e
E
A
C
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
E
VM
is
less
th
a
n
th
e
er
r
o
r
o
b
tain
ed
w
h
e
n
u
s
in
g
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
E
VM
.
Hen
ce
,
H
10
:│∆
T1
│
-
│∆
P1
│≤
0
H
1A
:│∆
T1
│
-
│∆
P1
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W
h
er
e
∆
T1
a
n
d
∆
P1
ar
e
th
e
er
r
o
r
s
in
esti
m
atio
n
,
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
tr
ad
iti
o
n
al
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
els,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
he
s
ec
o
n
d hy
po
t
hes
i
s
Null
h
y
po
t
he
s
is
:
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h
en
b
o
th
C
P
I
an
d
SP
I
ar
e
in
f
l
u
e
n
cin
g
f
ac
to
r
s
,
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
ce
i
n
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
s
o
b
tain
ed
w
h
en
e
s
ti
m
ati
n
g
t
h
e
E
AC
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
E
V
M
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
E
VM
.
Alt
er
na
t
iv
e
h
y
po
t
hes
is
:
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h
e
n
b
o
th
C
P
I
an
d
SP
I
ar
e
in
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l
u
e
n
cin
g
f
ac
to
r
s
,
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
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esti
m
ati
n
g
th
e
E
AC
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
p
r
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ed
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VM
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h
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t
h
e
er
r
o
r
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tain
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h
e
n
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
tr
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E
VM
.
Hen
ce
,
H
20
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T2
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P2
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n
d
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th
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er
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r
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els,
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esp
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r
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p
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r
s
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th
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t
w
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d
els [
5
0
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
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531
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x
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C
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t c
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y
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d
ed
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el.
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h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
ea
ch
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
w
a
s
a
n
S
R
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al
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e
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lc
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late
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h
e
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r
o
p
o
s
ed
E
AC
v
alu
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s
;
E
AC
P1
a
n
d
E
AC
P2
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T
h
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
a
n
d
p
r
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p
o
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ed
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al
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e
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h
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e
n
ts
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ir
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n
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n
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h
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p
o
t
h
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as sh
o
w
n
i
n
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
e
q
u
atio
n
s
:
∆
T1
=E
AC
T1
–
A
C
AC
(1
6)
∆
P1
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AC
P1
–
AC
A
C
(
1
7
)
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T2
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AC
T2
–
A
C
AC
(
1
8
)
∆
P2
=E
AC
P2
–
AC
A
C
(
1
9
)
W
h
er
e
E
A
C
T1
a
n
d
E
A
C
P1
ar
e
t
h
e
e
s
ti
m
ates
at
co
m
p
letio
n
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
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al
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d
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lc
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ased
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th
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l
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I
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ly
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d
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h
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ates
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p
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m
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el
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th
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lcu
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11
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I
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4.
RE
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