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o
m
t
h
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
c
o
s
t
o
f
in
ter
n
et
s
er
v
ice
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
tl
y
h
ig
h
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
n
eig
h
b
o
r
i
n
g
co
u
n
t
r
ies,
wh
er
e
th
e
p
r
ice
o
f
o
n
e
m
eg
a
in
I
r
aq
is
5
4
d
o
llar
s
,
wh
ile
it is
less
th
an
a
d
o
llar
i
n
n
eig
h
b
o
r
in
g
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
[
9
]
.
Fig
u
r
e.
1
.
Netwo
r
k
to
p
o
lo
g
y
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
ter
u
p
g
r
ad
e
T
h
e
in
ter
n
et
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
in
e
-
lear
n
in
g
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
p
r
o
b
lem
f
o
r
b
o
t
h
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
ac
ad
e
m
ic
s
taf
f
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
to
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
with
th
e
I
n
t
er
n
et
s
er
v
ice,
elec
tr
icity
is
an
o
th
er
m
ajo
r
p
r
o
b
lem
th
at
all
p
eo
p
le
in
I
r
aq
ar
e
s
u
f
f
er
in
g
f
r
o
m
.
T
h
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
ts
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
n
ab
le
to
f
in
d
s
o
lu
t
io
n
s
to
th
at
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
ce
2
0
0
3
,
as
th
is
s
ec
to
r
h
as
s
u
f
f
er
ed
f
r
o
m
war
s
,
n
eg
lect
an
d
s
ab
o
tag
e.
T
h
e
I
r
aq
i
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ce
n
ter
class
if
ied
th
is
s
er
v
ice
as th
e
wo
r
s
t ser
v
ice
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
in
I
r
aq
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
m
ay
n
o
t
b
e
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
in
th
is
a
r
ea
b
u
t
it
h
as
two
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
t
h
at
d
if
f
er
f
r
o
m
o
t
h
er
s
tu
d
ies
in
th
is
ar
ea
,
f
ir
s
tly
it
cr
itically
an
aly
ze
s
th
e
o
n
-
p
r
em
is
e
d
ata
ce
n
ter
s
in
ce
it
is
alr
ea
d
y
estab
lis
h
ed
,
i
n
co
n
tr
ast,
m
o
s
t
s
tu
d
ies
f
o
cu
s
b
y
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
o
n
b
u
ild
in
g
a
d
ata
ce
n
ter
f
r
o
m
s
cr
atch
o
r
m
o
v
in
g
to
war
d
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
.
Seco
n
d
ly
,
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
in
wh
ich
th
e
d
ata
ce
n
ter
o
p
er
at
e
is
an
ex
ce
p
tio
n
al
cir
cu
m
s
ta
n
ce
d
u
e
to
C
o
r
o
n
a
p
an
d
em
ic,
a
s
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
i
s
ep
id
em
ic
o
n
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
d
ata
ce
n
ter
as
a
r
es
u
lt
o
f
th
e
s
h
if
t
f
r
o
m
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
to
elec
tr
o
n
ic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
wh
ich
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
in
ten
s
iv
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
ata
ce
n
ter
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
esp
ec
ially
d
u
r
in
g
elec
tr
o
n
ic
e
x
am
s
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
S
T
UDI
E
S
On
-
p
r
em
is
e
v
er
s
u
s
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
L
MS
,
i
n
an
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
,
b
e
f
o
r
e
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
a
lear
n
in
g
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
,
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
is
d
ec
id
in
g
h
o
w
to
d
ep
lo
y
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
W
h
eth
er
it
is
o
n
-
p
r
em
is
e
o
r
clo
u
d
-
h
o
s
ted
,
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
b
u
ild
in
g
an
d
m
ain
tain
in
g
L
MS
ca
n
b
e
s
ig
n
if
ic
an
t
wh
ich
m
ay
h
in
d
er
d
ep
lo
y
in
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
esp
ec
ially
in
I
r
aq
d
u
e
to
c
o
n
t
in
u
o
u
s
f
in
an
cial
c
r
is
is
.
Gen
er
ally
s
p
ea
k
in
g
,
o
n
-
p
r
em
is
e
L
MS
is
h
o
s
ted
lo
ca
ll
y
o
n
s
er
v
er
s
an
d
r
eq
u
ir
es
h
ar
d
war
e
an
d
s
o
f
twar
e
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
h
u
m
an
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
b
u
ild
a
n
d
m
ain
tain
th
e
o
n
-
s
ite
n
etwo
r
k
to
h
o
s
t
th
e
L
MS.
C
lo
u
d
-
b
ased
L
MS,
o
n
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
th
e
h
ar
d
war
e
an
d
s
o
f
twar
e
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
ar
e
d
eliv
er
e
d
as
a
s
er
v
ice
v
ia
th
e
in
ter
n
et
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
p
u
r
ch
ased
b
y
th
e
s
taf
f
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
m
o
n
th
ly
o
r
an
n
u
al
s
u
b
s
cr
ip
tio
n
[
1
2
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
C
o
s
t a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f o
n
-
p
r
emise
ve
r
s
u
s
clo
u
d
-
b
a
s
ed
imp
leme
n
ta
tio
n
…
(
A
b
d
u
lh
u
s
s
ein
A
b
d
u
lm
o
h
s
o
n
)
1789
Stu
d
ies
d
ir
ec
tly
co
m
p
a
r
in
g
t
h
e
two
ar
ch
itectu
r
es
in
ter
m
o
f
co
s
t
ar
e
lim
ited
.
Ho
wev
er
,
m
an
y
r
esear
ch
p
a
p
er
s
o
u
tlin
ed
co
n
s
an
d
p
r
o
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
in
ter
m
s
o
f
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
,
in
s
tallatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
an
d
cu
s
to
m
izab
ilit
y
[
1
3
]
.
Hig
h
lig
h
ted
k
ey
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
m
o
d
els
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
au
th
o
r
,
o
n
-
p
r
em
is
e
L
MS
is
h
o
s
ted
lo
ca
ll
y
an
d
r
eq
u
ir
e
s
o
f
twar
e
to
b
e
in
s
talled
o
n
th
e
s
er
v
er
u
n
lik
e
c
lo
u
d
-
b
ased
s
o
lu
tio
n
wh
ich
is
r
em
o
tely
ac
ce
s
s
ed
a
n
d
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
ar
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
th
e
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
th
at
h
o
s
ts
th
e
L
MS
[
13
]
.
T
h
e
o
n
-
p
r
em
is
e
L
MS
in
s
tallatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ty
p
ically
r
e
q
u
ir
es
m
o
r
e
tim
e
an
d
e
f
f
o
r
t
b
u
t
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
wid
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
cu
s
to
m
izatio
n
ch
o
ices
th
at
th
e
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
d
o
es
n
o
t
h
a
v
e.
Ser
v
ic
e
wis
e,
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
LM
S
u
s
u
ally
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
as
s
u
b
s
cr
ip
tio
n
m
o
d
el
s
u
ch
as
So
f
t
war
e
as
a
Ser
v
ice
(
SaaS)
wh
ich
is
also
th
e
m
o
s
t
wid
ely
u
s
ed
c
o
m
p
u
tin
g
s
er
v
ice
co
m
p
a
r
ed
t
o
o
t
h
er
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
m
o
d
els
lik
e
I
aa
S
an
d
Pa
aS
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
m
ain
b
en
ef
it
o
f
clo
u
d
L
MS
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
Saa
S,
is
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
wh
ich
m
ea
n
s
s
er
v
ice
au
to
m
atica
lly
s
ca
les
b
ased
o
n
u
s
ag
e
u
n
lik
e
o
n
-
p
r
em
is
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
wh
ich
r
eq
u
ir
es
u
p
g
r
ad
i
n
g
h
a
r
d
war
e
u
n
ites
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
ca
p
ac
ity
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
cl
o
u
d
-
b
ased
s
er
v
ice
o
f
f
er
s
b
etter
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
a
n
ag
ea
b
i
lity
with
o
u
t r
eq
u
i
r
in
g
tech
n
ical
h
u
m
an
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
As
m
en
tio
n
ed
,
f
ew
liter
atu
r
es
co
m
p
ar
ed
b
etwe
en
o
n
-
p
r
e
m
is
e
an
d
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
L
MS.
Ad
m
its
th
at
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
L
MS
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tec
h
n
ical
m
a
n
p
o
wer
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
t
o
m
ain
tai
n
L
MS,
h
o
wev
er
it
ca
n
s
till
b
e
m
o
r
e
ex
p
e
n
s
iv
e
th
an
th
e
lo
ca
l
ly
h
o
s
ted
L
MS
[
1
6
]
.
I
n
co
n
tr
a
s
t,
[
1
8
]
-
[
2
1
]
b
eliev
e
th
at
o
n
-
p
r
em
is
e
L
MS
ca
n
co
s
t
s
u
b
s
tan
tially
m
o
r
e
d
u
e
to
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t
o
f
n
etwo
r
k
h
a
r
d
war
e,
s
o
f
twar
e
an
d
s
p
ec
ialized
tech
n
ical
s
taf
f
to
m
an
ag
e
a
n
d
m
ai
n
tain
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
o
n
-
p
r
em
is
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
r
e
q
u
ir
es
elec
tr
ic
p
o
wer
an
d
co
o
lin
g
e
q
u
ip
m
en
t
wh
ich
is
ty
p
ically
ex
p
en
s
iv
e.
A
s
tu
d
y
b
y
[
1
9
]
ca
lcu
lated
co
s
t
o
f
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
L
MS
u
s
in
g
b
o
th
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
an
d
o
n
-
p
r
e
m
is
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
a
u
th
o
r
u
s
ed
to
tal
co
s
t
o
f
o
wn
er
s
h
ip
(
T
C
O)
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
r
ea
l
co
s
t.
Sin
ce
th
er
e
is
a
wid
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
av
ailab
le
clo
u
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
,
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
tal
co
s
t
ac
r
o
s
s
m
u
ltip
le
SaaS
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
n
am
ely
Am
a
zo
n
C
lo
u
d
,
Go
o
g
le
C
lo
u
d
,
an
d
HP
clo
u
d
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
al
r
esu
lt
s
h
o
ws
th
at
h
o
s
tin
g
L
MS
o
n
Go
o
g
le
clo
u
d
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
ch
ea
p
er
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
n
-
p
r
em
is
e
h
o
s
tin
g
[
1
9
]
,
[
22
]
.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
in
c
o
s
t
is
m
ain
ly
d
u
e
to
I
C
T
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
an
d
s
taf
f
s
alar
ies.
An
o
th
er
r
ea
s
o
n
wh
y
s
o
m
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
im
p
lem
en
ted
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
L
MS
is
r
eliab
ili
ty
[
2
1
]
.
As
m
en
tio
n
ed
ab
o
v
e,
clo
u
d
s
er
v
ices
ar
e
h
ig
h
ly
s
ca
lab
le
an
d
d
y
n
am
ic.
Su
b
s
cr
ip
tio
n
lev
el
is
in
s
tan
tly
ch
an
g
in
g
d
ep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
d
em
a
n
d
.
W
h
ich
is
wh
y
clo
u
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
is
s
i
g
n
if
ican
tly
m
o
r
e
r
eliab
le
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
m
o
s
tly
f
ix
ed
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
o
n
-
p
r
em
is
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
[
2
3
]
.
So
m
e
s
tu
d
ies
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
an
o
t
h
er
im
p
o
r
tan
t
asp
ec
t
o
f
L
MS
wh
ich
is
n
etwo
r
k
s
ec
u
r
ity
wh
ich
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
ain
r
ea
s
o
n
s
s
o
m
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
im
p
lem
en
ted
o
n
-
p
r
e
m
is
e
L
MS.
On
-
p
r
em
is
e
h
o
s
tin
g
k
ee
p
s
s
tu
d
e
n
t’
s
d
ata
p
r
i
v
ate
an
d
s
ec
u
r
e
with
i
n
th
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
n
etwo
r
k
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
Priv
ac
y
co
n
ce
r
n
s
a
n
d
leg
is
lativ
e
r
u
les
ar
e
am
o
n
g
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
s
wh
y
s
o
m
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
r
ejec
ted
clo
u
d
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
L
MS
[
2
4
]
.
Du
e
to
th
e
p
an
d
em
i
c
cr
is
is
,
6
0
%
o
f
ac
ad
em
ic
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
h
as
tem
p
o
r
a
r
ily
s
u
s
p
en
d
ed
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ed
u
c
ati
o
n
tech
n
i
q
u
e
[
1
]
.
C
u
r
r
en
tly
in
I
r
aq
,
alm
o
s
t
all
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
h
as
s
h
if
ted
to
war
d
o
n
lin
e
L
MS.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
im
p
l
em
en
t
L
MS
in
an
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
,
it
i
s
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
d
ec
id
e
w
h
eth
e
r
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
in
s
talled
o
n
an
o
n
-
p
r
e
m
is
e
d
ata
ce
n
ter
o
r
o
n
th
e
clo
u
d
.
Un
f
o
r
tu
n
ately
,
n
o
r
esear
ch
h
as
ad
d
r
ess
ed
th
e
co
s
t
asp
ec
t
o
f
th
e
two
o
p
tio
n
s
wh
en
Mo
o
d
le
is
u
s
ed
as
a
n
L
MS
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
d
u
e
to
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
f
in
an
cial
cr
is
is
in
I
r
a
q
,
it
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
o
r
g
a
n
izat
io
n
s
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
w
h
ich
o
p
tio
n
is
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
co
s
t
asp
ec
t
wh
en
u
s
in
g
o
n
-
p
r
em
is
e
d
atac
en
ter
v
er
s
u
s
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
i
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
f
o
r
e
-
lear
n
in
g
.
T
h
e
to
tal
co
s
t
o
f
o
wn
er
s
h
ip
(
T
C
O)
m
o
d
el
is
u
s
ed
in
th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
wh
ich
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
ec
tio
n
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
T
h
is
p
ap
er
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
th
e
co
s
t
asp
ec
t
wh
en
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
e
-
lear
n
in
g
u
s
in
g
o
n
-
p
r
em
is
e
d
at
a
ce
n
ter
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
with
cl
o
u
d
-
b
ased
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
T
h
e
to
tal
co
s
t
o
f
o
wn
e
r
s
h
ip
(
T
C
O)
m
o
d
el
was
u
s
ed
in
th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
,
wh
ich
in
o
u
r
c
ase
tak
es
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
th
e
c
o
s
ts
o
f
th
e
I
n
ter
n
et,
elec
tr
ici
ty
an
d
t
h
e
d
e
v
ices
o
b
s
o
lete.
T
h
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
d
o
n
o
t ta
k
e
in
to
ac
c
o
u
n
t t
h
e
co
s
ts
o
f
th
e
d
ata
ce
n
ter
its
elf
,
as it w
as a
lr
ea
d
y
in
p
lace
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
p
an
d
em
ic,
n
o
r
f
in
a
n
cin
g
th
e
I
T
s
taf
f
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
y
ar
e
o
r
ig
i
n
ally
o
n
p
er
m
a
n
en
t c
o
n
tr
ac
t
an
d
r
ec
eiv
e
m
o
n
th
ly
p
ay
m
e
n
t b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
a
f
ter
th
e
p
a
n
d
em
ic.
3
.
1
.
E
lect
ricit
y
po
wer
I
n
an
y
d
ata
ce
n
ter
,
it
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
en
s
u
r
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
p
o
we
r
s
u
p
p
ly
2
4
\
7
.
As
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
ea
r
lier
th
e
en
tire
co
u
n
tr
y
s
u
f
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
b
a
d
elec
tr
icity
s
er
v
ice
a
n
d
as
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
er
v
e
r
s
in
cr
ea
s
ed
,
th
e
ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
h
ad
to
d
ev
elo
p
alter
n
ativ
e
p
o
wer
s
o
u
r
ce
i
n
th
e
e
v
en
t
o
f
a
p
o
wer
f
ailu
r
e.
On
e
o
f
th
e
al
ter
n
ativ
es
is
u
s
in
g
elec
tr
ical
g
en
er
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
p
o
wer
ed
b
y
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
g
as
g
en
er
ato
r
was
p
r
im
ar
ily
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
a
n
y
y
e
a
r
s
to
s
u
p
p
ly
th
e
elec
tr
icity
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
e
g
r
id
p
o
wer
lin
e.
B
u
t
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
s
wer
e
n
o
t
en
o
u
g
h
to
en
s
u
r
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
o
p
er
atio
n
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
s
o
m
e
r
ec
u
r
r
in
g
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
s
u
ch
as
r
u
n
n
in
g
o
u
t
o
f
f
u
e
l
an
d
th
e
lack
o
f
m
ater
ials
wh
ich
ar
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
th
e
p
er
io
d
ic
m
ain
ten
a
n
ce
wo
r
k
,
in
a
d
d
itio
n
to
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
f
o
p
er
atin
g
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
af
ter
th
e
o
f
f
icial
wo
r
k
in
g
h
o
u
r
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
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3
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T
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Dev
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On
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p
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p
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b
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RE
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