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Science
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l.
1
2
,
No
.
1
,
Octo
b
er
201
8
,
p
p
.
3
9
3
~
39
8
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SS
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2502
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4752
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DOI
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C
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w
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m
itti
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d
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an
d
tr
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s
is
to
r
s
[
1
-
4
]
.
T
h
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w
id
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r
elate
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[
5
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.
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f
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a
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[
6
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.
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4752
I
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J
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Sci,
Vo
l
.
1
2
,
No
.
1
,
Octo
b
er
201
8
:
393
–
39
8
394
B
ased
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th
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p
r
ev
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d
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ted
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n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
eir
p
r
o
p
er
ties
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
i
n
d
ev
ices.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
o
f
Z
n
O
/
AZ
O
f
il
m
i
n
v
o
lv
ed
t
h
r
ee
s
tep
s
.
First
is
a
s
ee
d
la
y
er
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
.
T
h
e
d
etail
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
o
f
s
ee
d
la
y
er
h
as
b
ee
n
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
t
u
d
y
[
9
]
.
Fo
r
th
e
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
o
f
AZ
O,
zi
n
c
n
itra
te
h
ex
a
h
y
d
r
ate
(
0
.
1
M)
,
h
e
x
a
m
e
th
y
len
ete
tr
a
m
i
n
e
(
0
.
1
M)
,
an
d
alu
m
in
u
m
n
itra
te
n
o
n
a
h
y
d
r
ate
(
0
.
0
0
1
M
)
w
er
e
u
s
ed
as
t
h
e
m
ai
n
m
ater
ials
.
T
h
e
r
ea
g
e
n
ts
w
er
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
an
d
th
e
n
g
o
i
n
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
o
n
ic
a
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
3
0
m
i
n
(
5
0
°C
)
.
T
h
en
th
e
s
o
lu
t
io
n
w
as
s
tirr
ed
f
o
r
3
h
,
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
i
m
m
er
s
io
n
to
g
r
o
w
th
e
n
a
n
o
r
o
d
ar
r
ay
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es.
Fi
n
all
y
,
t
h
e
f
il
m
was
an
n
ea
led
f
o
r
1
h
(
5
0
0
°C
)
.
T
h
en
,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
i
m
m
er
s
io
n
f
o
r
h
o
m
o
j
u
n
ctio
n
la
y
er
w
as
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
m
ix
i
n
g
z
in
c
n
itra
te
h
e
x
ah
y
d
r
ate
(
0
.
0
2
M)
an
d
h
ex
a
m
eth
y
le
n
et
etr
a
m
i
n
e
(
0
.
0
2
M)
.
Si
m
i
lar
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
i
n
v
o
lv
i
n
g
s
o
n
icatio
n
,
s
tirr
i
n
g
,
i
m
m
er
s
io
n
,
a
n
d
an
n
ea
li
n
g
w
er
e
u
s
ed
,
w
h
er
e
ev
er
y
p
ar
am
eter
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
tep
w
er
e
m
ai
n
tai
n
ed
.
T
h
e
ill
u
s
tr
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
Z
n
O
/
AZ
O
h
o
m
o
j
u
n
c
tio
n
f
il
m
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
is
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fo
r
s
t
r
u
ctu
r
al
an
a
l
y
s
es,
f
ield
e
m
is
s
i
o
n
s
ca
n
n
i
n
g
elec
tr
o
n
m
icr
o
s
c
o
p
y
(
FESE
M,
J
E
OL
J
SM
-
7
6
0
0
F),
X
-
r
ay
d
i
f
f
r
ac
tio
n
(
P
A
Nal
y
tical
X
’
P
er
t
P
R
O)
,
an
d
R
a
m
an
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
(
Ho
r
ib
a
J
o
b
in
Yv
o
n
-
7
9
DU4
2
0
A
-
OE
-
3
2
5
)
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
ts
w
er
e
co
n
d
u
cted
.
Fo
r
o
p
tical
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
s
,
u
ltra
v
io
let
–
v
is
ib
le
(
UV
–
v
is
)
s
p
ec
tr
o
p
h
o
to
m
eter
(
Var
ia
n
C
a
r
y
5
0
0
0
)
w
as
u
s
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
illu
s
tr
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
Z
n
O/
AZ
O
h
o
m
o
j
u
n
ctio
n
f
i
l
m
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
T
h
e
FESE
M
i
m
a
g
e
s
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
d
ep
ict
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
m
o
r
p
h
o
lo
g
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
ep
ar
ed
s
a
m
p
les.
T
h
e
i
m
ag
e
s
w
er
e
ta
k
e
n
at
1
0
0
,
0
0
0
×
m
a
g
n
i
f
icatio
n
s
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
(
a)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
m
o
r
p
h
o
lo
g
y
o
f
g
r
an
u
lar
Z
n
O
s
ee
d
la
y
er
f
il
m
.
T
h
e
a
v
er
ag
e
d
ia
m
e
ter
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
ai
n
i
s
ab
o
u
t
2
5
n
m
.
F
ig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
AZ
O
f
il
m
g
r
o
wn
o
n
th
e
Z
n
O
s
ee
d
la
y
er
f
il
m
.
T
h
e
a
v
er
ag
e
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
t
h
e
n
a
n
o
r
o
d
s
is
ab
o
u
t
7
0
n
m
.
I
t
i
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
t
h
e
f
il
m
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
lar
g
e
p
o
r
e
ar
ea
s
i
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
n
a
n
o
r
o
d
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
c)
d
e
p
icts
th
e
Z
n
O
f
il
m
(
0
.
0
2
M
s
o
lu
t
io
n
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
)
w
h
ic
h
w
a
s
g
r
o
w
n
o
n
th
e
s
ee
d
la
y
er
f
il
m
.
I
t
is
w
it
n
es
s
ed
th
a
t
o
n
l
y
s
m
all
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
f
il
m
i
s
co
v
er
ed
b
y
t
h
e
n
a
n
o
r
o
d
s
.
B
esid
es,
th
e
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
t
h
e
n
a
n
o
r
o
d
s
is
r
elativ
el
y
s
m
al
l
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
A
Z
O
f
il
m
,
ab
o
u
t
3
5
n
m
.
Ot
h
er
th
a
n
th
at
,
w
e
also
o
b
s
er
v
ed
n
an
o
f
lak
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
ap
p
ea
r
s
o
n
th
e
f
il
m
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
e
n
an
o
r
o
d
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
es.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
(
d
)
d
is
p
la
y
s
th
e
Z
n
O
/
AZ
O
h
o
m
o
j
u
n
ctio
n
f
il
m
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
t
h
e
b
ar
e
AZ
O
f
il
m
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
I
n
tr
in
s
ic
Zn
O/A
l
-
d
o
p
ed
Zn
O
Ho
mo
ju
n
ctio
n
:
S
tr
u
ctu
r
a
l a
n
d
Op
tica
l P
r
o
p
erti
es
(
A
.
S
.
I
s
ma
il
)
395
it
is
w
i
tn
e
s
s
ed
t
h
at
t
h
e
n
an
o
r
o
d
ar
r
ay
s
o
f
Z
n
O
/
AZ
O
i
s
c
o
v
er
ed
b
y
a
s
li
g
h
tl
y
li
g
h
t
co
lo
r
la
y
er
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
in
tr
i
n
s
ic
Z
n
O.
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
d
ia
m
eter
o
f
th
e
f
il
m
is
ab
o
u
t
9
5
n
m
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
i
m
a
g
e,
it
is
in
d
icate
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
d
ep
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
i
n
tr
in
s
ic
h
o
m
o
j
u
n
ctio
n
la
y
er
b
eg
i
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
id
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e,
f
o
llo
w
s
b
y
t
h
e
d
ep
o
s
itio
n
o
n
th
e
to
p
o
f
th
e
n
an
o
r
o
d
s
.
T
h
is
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
FESE
M
i
m
ag
e
s
th
at
s
h
o
ws
th
e
less
co
v
er
a
g
e
o
f
th
e
i
n
tr
i
n
s
ic
la
y
er
o
n
t
h
e
to
p
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
n
an
o
r
o
d
s
.
I
n
te
r
esti
n
g
l
y
,
th
e
g
r
o
w
th
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
th
e
i
n
tr
i
n
s
ic
Z
n
O
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
ev
e
lo
p
in
to
an
y
f
o
r
m
o
f
n
an
o
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es,
b
u
t
a
la
y
er
.
Su
c
h
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
cc
u
r
s
m
a
y
b
e
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
cr
y
s
tal
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
Z
n
O
a
n
d
AZ
O,
w
h
ich
e
n
h
an
ce
s
th
e
h
o
m
o
ep
itax
y
g
r
o
w
th
o
n
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
cr
y
s
tal
(
AZ
O)
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Su
r
f
ac
e
m
o
r
p
h
o
lo
g
y
o
f
(
a)
s
ee
d
lay
er
,
(
b
)
AZ
O,
(
c)
Z
n
O,
a
n
d
(
d
)
Z
n
O/
AZ
O
f
il
m
s
at
1
0
0
,
0
0
0
×
m
ag
n
i
f
icat
io
n
s
Fig
u
r
e
3
d
ep
icts
th
e
XR
D
p
atter
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
n
t
h
esized
f
il
m
s
.
T
h
e
d
if
f
r
ac
tio
n
a
n
g
les
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
ar
e
f
r
o
m
2
5
°
to
6
0
°.
T
h
e
XR
D
p
atter
n
o
f
ea
ch
f
il
m
i
s
p
lo
tted
in
d
i
v
id
u
all
y
an
d
t
h
e
i
n
te
n
s
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
X
-
r
a
y
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
co
u
n
t
-
p
er
-
u
n
its
(
cp
s
)
to
s
h
o
w
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
i
n
t
h
e
in
ten
s
it
y
o
f
ea
c
h
f
il
m
.
Fro
m
th
e
p
lo
ts
,
th
er
e
ar
e
s
e
v
er
al
p
ea
k
s
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
o
n
t
h
e
p
atter
n
,
n
a
m
el
y
;
(
1
0
0
)
,
(
0
0
2
)
,
(
1
0
1
)
,
(
1
0
2
)
,
an
d
(
1
1
0
)
.
Fo
r
A
Z
O
f
il
m
(
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
(
a)
)
,
th
e
d
o
m
i
n
a
n
t
d
i
f
f
r
ac
tio
n
p
ea
k
i
s
at
(
0
0
2
)
p
lan
e
o
r
ien
tatio
n
(
al
o
n
g
c
-
a
x
is
)
.
Fo
r
in
tr
in
s
ic
Z
n
O
f
il
m
(
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
)
,
th
e
d
o
m
in
a
n
t
p
ea
k
is
at
(
1
0
0
)
an
d
(
1
0
1
)
p
lan
e
o
r
ien
tatio
n
s
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
t
h
e
g
r
o
w
th
o
f
Z
n
O/
AZ
O
f
il
m
al
s
o
ex
h
ib
it
s
a
p
r
ef
er
en
t
ial
g
r
o
w
t
h
alo
n
g
c
-
a
x
i
s
(
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
(
c)
)
.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
Z
n
O
f
il
m
,
t
h
e
p
r
ef
er
e
n
tial
cr
y
s
ta
l
g
r
o
w
t
h
m
a
y
b
e
d
o
m
i
n
ated
b
y
th
e
s
ee
d
lay
er
f
il
m
an
d
s
m
all
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
n
an
o
f
lak
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
(
f
r
o
m
FESE
M
i
m
a
g
es),
w
h
ic
h
p
r
ef
er
e
n
tiall
y
g
r
o
w
n
al
o
n
g
(
1
0
0
)
an
d
(
1
0
1
)
p
lan
e
o
r
ien
tatio
n
s
.
O
n
ce
t
h
e
Z
n
O
la
y
er
is
g
r
o
w
n
o
n
t
h
e
AZ
O,
w
e
ca
n
o
b
s
er
v
e
t
h
at
t
h
e
p
ea
k
in
te
n
s
it
y
at
(
1
0
0
)
a
n
d
(
0
0
2
)
s
li
g
h
tl
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
.
T
h
e
in
cr
e
m
en
t
o
f
p
r
ef
er
en
tial
a
-
p
lan
e
g
r
o
w
t
h
m
a
y
e
x
p
lain
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
la
y
er
o
n
t
h
e
AZ
O
s
u
r
f
ac
e
wh
ich
i
s
e
x
p
ec
ted
to
o
r
ig
in
ate
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
id
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
n
a
n
o
r
o
d
s
o
f
t
h
e
AZ
O
f
il
m
a
s
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
ea
r
lier
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
(
d
)
d
ep
icts
th
e
m
ag
n
i
f
ied
i
m
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
XR
D
p
atter
n
s
at
(
0
0
2
)
p
lan
e
o
r
ien
tatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
lo
t
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
if
ica
n
t
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
o
f
p
ea
k
in
te
n
s
it
y
f
o
r
th
e
f
il
m
w
h
ich
w
as
g
r
o
w
n
w
it
h
A
Z
O.
C
o
m
p
ar
i
n
g
b
o
th
AZ
O
an
d
Z
n
O/
AZ
O
f
il
m
s
,
o
n
l
y
a
s
lig
h
t
i
n
cr
e
m
e
n
t
to
th
e
p
ea
k
i
n
ten
s
it
y
ca
n
b
e
d
etec
ted
.
I
n
ter
esti
n
g
l
y
,
n
o
p
ea
k
s
h
if
tin
g
ca
n
b
e
w
it
n
e
s
s
ed
af
ter
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
g
r
o
w
t
h
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
in
d
icatin
g
n
o
r
esid
u
al
s
tr
ess
f
o
r
ce
d
o
n
th
e
Z
n
O/
AZ
O
f
il
m
.
T
o
in
v
esti
g
a
te
m
o
r
e
o
n
t
h
e
cr
y
s
tal
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e,
w
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
ized
th
e
f
i
l
m
s
u
s
i
n
g
R
a
m
a
n
s
p
e
ctr
o
s
co
p
y
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
w
a
s
d
o
n
e
u
n
d
er
ar
g
o
n
(
A
r
)
laser
o
p
er
atin
g
at
5
1
4
n
m
as
e
x
citatio
n
s
o
u
r
ce
.
T
w
o
i
n
h
er
en
t
R
a
m
a
n
p
ea
k
s
at
4
3
7
an
d
5
8
1
c
m
-
1
w
h
ic
h
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
to
E
2
(
h
ig
h
)
an
d
E
1
(
L
O)
m
o
d
e,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
[
10
]
.
Oth
er
i
n
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
t
p
ea
k
ca
n
al
s
o
b
e
o
b
s
e
r
v
ed
w
h
ic
h
s
it
u
ated
at
3
3
2
cm
-
1
,
w
h
ic
h
r
ep
r
esen
ts
2E
2
(
M)
m
o
d
e
[
11
]
.
E
2
(
h
ig
h
)
m
o
d
e
in
d
icate
s
t
h
e
R
a
m
a
n
v
ib
r
atio
n
o
f
h
e
x
ag
o
n
al
Z
n
O
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
an
d
t
h
e
in
te
n
s
it
y
o
f
R
a
m
a
n
v
ib
r
atio
n
o
f
E
2
(
h
i
g
h
)
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
w
h
ic
h
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
b
etter
cr
y
s
talli
n
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
AZ
O
a
n
d
Z
n
O/
AZ
O.
T
h
is
r
es
u
lt
i
s
i
n
ag
r
ee
m
e
n
t
w
i
th
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
XR
D
p
atter
n
s
.
F
u
r
th
er
,
t
h
e
R
a
m
a
n
v
ib
r
atio
n
o
f
E
1
(
L
O)
m
o
d
e
s
h
i
f
ted
f
r
o
m
5
6
5
c
m
-
1
o
f
s
ee
d
la
y
er
an
d
AZ
O
to
5
8
1
cm
-
1
o
f
Z
n
O/
AZ
O.
E
1
(
L
O)
m
o
d
e
ca
n
b
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
lattice
d
ef
ec
t (
o
x
y
g
en
v
ac
a
n
c
y
)
.
1
0
0
n
m
100 nm
100 nm
100 nm
(a)
(b)
(c
)
(d)
Nanorods
Nanof
lak
e
s
AZ
O
Z
n
O
layer
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l
.
1
2
,
No
.
1
,
Octo
b
er
201
8
:
393
–
39
8
396
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2
(d
egr
ee
)
(
110)
(
102)
(
101)
(
002)
(
100)
In
t
e
n
si
t
y
(
10
4
cps
)
AZ
O
(
a)
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
0.
0
0.
1
0.
2
0.
3
0.
4
0.
5
0.
6
0.
7
0.
8
(
110)
(
102)
(
101)
(
002)
(
100)
2
(d
egr
ee
)
In
t
e
n
si
t
y
(
10
4
cps
)
Z
nO
(
b
)
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
(
110)
(
102)
(
101)
(
100)
(
002)
2
(d
egr
ee
)
In
t
e
n
si
t
y
(
10
4
cps
)
Z
nO
/AZ
O
(
c)
33.
0
33.
5
34.
0
34.
5
35.
0
35.
5
36.
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
(
100)
(c)
(b
)
(a)
In
t
e
n
si
t
y
(
10
4
cps
)
2
(d
egr
ee
)
(a)
AZ
O
(b
) Z
nO
(c)
Z
nO
/AZ
O
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
XR
D
p
atter
n
o
f
(
a)
AZ
O,
(
b
)
Z
n
O
an
d
(
c)
Z
n
O/
AZ
O
f
il
m
s
T
h
e
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
f
il
m
s
w
er
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
UV
-
v
i
s
s
p
ec
tr
o
p
h
o
to
m
et
er
in
th
e
w
a
v
ele
n
g
t
h
r
an
g
e
o
f
3
5
0
–
8
0
0
n
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
d
ep
icts
th
e
t
r
an
s
m
itta
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
f
il
m
s
.
A
ll
f
il
m
s
ex
h
ib
it
g
o
o
d
o
p
tical
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
c
y
i
n
t
h
e
v
i
s
ib
le
r
eg
io
n
a
n
d
s
teep
ed
g
e
ar
o
u
n
d
3
8
0
n
m
,
r
ep
r
ese
n
t
t
h
e
b
an
d
g
ap
en
er
g
y
o
f
t
h
e
Z
n
O.
T
h
e
a
v
er
ag
e
tr
a
n
s
m
itta
n
ce
s
o
f
ea
ch
f
il
m
ar
e
9
4
.
4
%,
8
7
.
8
%,
an
d
6
6
.
5
%
f
o
r
s
ee
d
la
y
er
,
AZ
O
an
d
Z
n
O/
AZ
O
h
o
m
o
j
u
n
ctio
n
f
i
l
m
s
,
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
T
h
e
s
ee
d
la
y
er
f
il
m
p
o
s
s
ess
ed
th
e
lo
w
est
tr
an
s
m
itta
n
ce
m
a
y
b
e
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
lo
w
es
t
t
h
ic
k
n
e
s
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
f
il
m
s
.
Si
m
ilar
to
o
th
e
r
f
il
m
,
t
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
av
er
ag
e
tr
an
s
m
itta
n
ce
is
ex
p
ec
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
i
n
f
il
m
t
h
ick
n
es
s
es,
w
h
ich
i
s
th
e
ca
u
s
e
f
o
r
o
p
tical
s
ca
tter
in
g
e
f
f
ec
t
[
12
]
.
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
(c
)
(b
)
(a
)
[
E
1
(LO)
]
[
E
2
(hi
g
h)-E
2
(l
o
w
)
]
[
E
2
(hi
g
h)
]
581
437
I
n
t
e
n
s
it
y
(
a
.u
)
Ra
m
a
n
sh
if
t
(
cm
-1
)
(c
) Z
n
O/AZ
O
(b
) AZ
O
(a) S
e
e
d
l
a
y
e
r
332
400
500
600
700
800
0
20
40
60
80
100
(
c)
(
b)
(
a
)
Wavele
ngt
h (
nm
)
T
r
an
sm
itt
an
c
e
(
%)
(a)
Seed lay
er
(b
) AZ
O
(c)
Z
nO
/AZ
O
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
R
a
m
a
n
s
p
ec
tr
a
o
f
(
a)
s
ee
d
la
y
er
,
(
b
)
A
Z
O
an
d
(
c)
Z
n
O/
AZ
O
f
i
l
m
s
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
r
an
s
m
i
ttan
ce
s
p
ec
tr
a
o
f
(
a)
s
ee
d
lay
er
,
(
b
)
AZ
O
a
n
d
(
c)
Z
n
O
/
AZ
O
f
il
m
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
I
n
tr
in
s
ic
Zn
O/A
l
-
d
o
p
ed
Zn
O
Ho
mo
ju
n
ctio
n
:
S
tr
u
ctu
r
a
l a
n
d
Op
tica
l P
r
o
p
erti
es
(
A
.
S
.
I
s
ma
il
)
397
Fro
m
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itta
n
ce
p
lo
t,
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
f
il
m
s
w
as
p
lo
tted
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
E
q
u
atio
n
[
13
]
:
T
t
a
1
ln
1
(1
)
Her
e,
α
is
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t,
t
is
t
h
e
th
ick
n
es
s
,
an
d
T
is
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
itta
n
ce
.
T
h
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
f
il
m
s
s
h
o
w
g
o
o
d
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
at
UV
r
eg
io
n
,
w
it
h
Z
n
O/
AZ
O
h
o
m
o
j
u
n
ct
io
n
f
il
m
p
o
s
s
e
s
s
ed
th
e
h
ig
h
es
t
UV
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
s
a
m
p
les.
T
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
r
ea
s
o
n
w
h
ic
h
lead
s
to
th
is
r
es
u
l
t
is
h
ig
h
s
ca
tter
in
g
e
f
f
ec
t
at
t
h
e
h
o
m
o
j
u
n
ctio
n
in
ter
f
ac
e
w
h
ic
h
c
au
s
e
s
m
o
r
e
p
h
o
to
n
tr
ap
p
in
g
in
t
h
e
f
il
m
.
400
500
600
700
800
0.
0
0.
4
0.
8
1.
2
1.
6
Wavele
ngt
h (
nm
)
Abs
or
p
t
ion
Coeff
ic
ie
n
t
(
10
7
m
-1
)
(
b)
(
c)
(
a
)
(a)
Seed lay
er
(b
) AZ
O
(c)
Z
nO
/AZ
O
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
A
b
s
o
r
p
tio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t o
f
(
a)
s
ee
d
la
y
er
,
(
b
)
A
Z
O
a
n
d
(
c)
Z
n
O/
AZ
O
f
i
l
m
s
Fo
r
d
ir
ec
t
b
an
d
g
ap
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
,
th
e
o
p
tical
b
an
d
g
ap
en
er
g
y
,
E
g
ca
n
b
e
co
r
r
elate
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
g
iv
e
n
f
o
r
m
u
la
[
14
]
:
2
1
g
E
hv
B
ahv
(
2
)
Her
e,
B
is
a
c
o
n
s
tan
t
a
n
d
hν
i
s
th
e
in
cid
e
n
t
p
h
o
to
n
en
er
g
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
(
α
h
ν
)
2
v
er
s
u
s
p
h
o
to
n
en
er
g
y
f
o
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FESE
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T
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Facu
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RE
F
E
R
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NC
E
S
[1
]
Ko
k
a
te
S
K,
S
u
p
e
k
a
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,
Ba
v
isk
a
r
P
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Ja
d
k
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r
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R,
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it
e
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t
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a
n
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C
d
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n
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e
d
p
risti
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d
Cd
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Z
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O
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lar
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e
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s:
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f
e
c
t
o
f
S
IL
A
R
c
y
c
les
o
n
o
p
ti
c
a
l
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
a
n
d
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
.
M
a
ter
ia
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S
c
ien
c
e
in
S
e
mic
o
n
d
u
c
to
r
Pro
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in
g
.
2
0
1
8
;
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0
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7
9
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1
8
3
.
[2
]
V
o
ss
T
,
W
a
ld
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e
l
S
R.
Hy
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rid
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Z
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n
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c
tu
re
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a
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c
e
i
n
S
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o
n
d
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Pro
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g
.
2
0
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;
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9
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2
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6
.
[3
]
Is
m
a
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A
S
,
M
a
m
a
t
M
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Yu
so
ff
M
M
,
M
a
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,
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o
lf
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A
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,
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n
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A
B,
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A
,
A
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M
.
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a
n
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e
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h
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id
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n
sin
g
p
e
rf
o
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m
a
n
c
e
u
sin
g
S
n
-
Do
p
e
d
Zn
O
n
a
n
o
ro
d
A
rra
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/
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n
O2
n
a
n
o
w
ire
h
e
tero
n
e
tw
o
rk
f
a
b
rica
ted
v
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w
o
-
ste
p
so
lu
ti
o
n
imm
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rsio
n
.
M
a
ter
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s L
e
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e
rs
.
2
0
1
8
;
2
1
0
:
2
5
8
-
2
6
2
.
[4
]
Jia
n
g
L
,
Hu
a
n
g
K,
L
i
J,
L
i
S
,
G
a
o
Y,
T
a
n
g
W
,
G
u
o
X
,
W
a
n
g
J,
M
e
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T
,
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X
.
Hig
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o
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w
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g
e
Zn
O
th
i
n
f
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m
tr
a
n
sisto
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f
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ted
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w
te
m
p
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ra
tu
re
v
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so
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ti
o
n
p
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.
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ra
mic
s
In
ter
n
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ti
o
n
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l
.
2
0
1
8
;
4
4
(
1
0
):
1
1
7
5
1
-
1
1
7
5
6
.
[5
]
Urg
e
ss
a
ZN,
Bo
th
a
JR,
T
a
n
k
io
Djio
k
a
p
S
R,
Co
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a
n
C,
Bh
a
tt
a
c
h
a
ry
y
a
S
.
P
a
tt
e
rn
e
d
g
ro
w
th
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f
Z
n
O
n
a
n
o
r
o
d
s
b
y
c
h
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m
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c
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l
b
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d
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p
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n
.
Ph
y
sic
a
B:
C
o
n
d
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n
se
d
M
a
tt
e
r.
2
0
1
8
;
5
3
5
:
7
9
-
8
3
.
[6
]
Na
v
a
Nú
ñ
e
z
M
Y,
M
a
rtí
n
e
z
-
d
e
l
a
Cru
z
A
.
Nitri
c
o
x
id
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m
o
v
a
l
b
y
a
c
ti
o
n
o
f
Zn
O
p
h
o
t
o
c
a
taly
st
h
y
d
ro
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e
rm
a
ll
y
s
y
n
th
e
siz
e
d
in
p
re
se
n
c
e
o
f
EDTA.
M
a
ter
ia
ls
S
c
ien
c
e
in
S
e
mic
o
n
d
u
c
to
r P
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
.
2
0
1
8
;
8
1
:
9
4
-
1
0
1
.
[7
]
M
a
m
a
t
M
H,
M
a
lek
M
F
,
Ha
f
iz
a
h
NN
,
M
d
S
in
ND
,
S
a
u
r
d
i
I,
S
u
r
ian
i
A
.
B,
Na
fa
riza
l
N,
A
h
m
a
d
M
K,
Ro
u
h
i
J,
Ru
so
p
M
.
F
a
b
rica
ti
o
n
o
f
In
tri
n
sic
Z
in
c
Ox
id
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-
Co
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,
A
lu
m
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m
-
Do
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Zi
n
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Ox
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Na
n
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A
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Ba
se
d
Ultrav
io
let
P
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o
c
o
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d
u
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ti
v
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S
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n
so
rs.
A
p
p
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d
M
e
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h
a
n
ics
a
n
d
M
a
ter
ia
ls
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2
0
1
5
;
7
7
3
-
7
7
4
:
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9
6
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0
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[8
]
Jia
n
g
M
,
T
a
n
g
K,
Ya
n
X
.
Ch
a
ra
c
teriz
a
ti
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n
o
f
In
tri
n
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Zn
O
T
h
in
F
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m
D
e
p
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b
y
S
p
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tt
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Its
Ef
f
e
c
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n
Cu
In
1
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a
x
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lar Cells.
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o
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a
l
o
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P
h
o
to
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fo
r E
n
e
rg
y
.
2
0
1
2
;
2
(1
)
:
2
8
5
0
2
.
[9
]
M
a
m
a
t
M
H,
S
a
h
d
a
n
M
Z
,
Kh
u
sa
i
m
i
Z,
A
h
m
e
d
A
Z,
A
b
d
u
ll
a
h
S
,
R
u
so
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M
.
In
f
lu
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n
c
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o
f
d
o
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in
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c
o
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c
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n
tratio
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s
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in
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m
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n
c
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x
id
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in
f
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m
s
p
ro
p
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e
s
f
o
r
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lt
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v
io
l
e
t
p
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to
c
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d
u
c
ti
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n
so
r
a
p
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c
a
ti
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n
s.
O
p
ti
c
a
l
M
a
ter
ia
ls
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2
0
1
0
;
3
2
(
6
):
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9
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9
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0
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W
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M
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[1
3
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[1
6
]
Yu
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2
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3
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9
.
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