TELKOM
NIKA
, Vol. 11, No. 10, Octobe
r 2013, pp. 6
087 ~ 6
094
ISSN: 2302-4
046
6087
Re
cei
v
ed Ap
ril 11, 2013; Revi
sed
Jul
y
1
3
, 2013; Acce
pted Jul
y
23,
2013
Using Six Sigma to Improve the Efficiency of Power
Supply
Chan
g-
Hsie
n Hsu
1
, Pei-Shih Chen
2
, and Chu
n
-Mi
ng Yang
3
*
1
Departme
n
t of Business Adm
i
nistrati
on, Asia
Universit
y
, T
a
ichun
g, 413
54, T
a
i
w
a
n
.
2
General Ed
uc
ation C
enter, C
entral Po
lice
U
n
iversit
y
, T
a
o
y
uan C
o
u
n
t
y
, 33
304, T
a
i
w
a
n
.
3*
Departme
n
t of Managem
ent
Scienc
es, T
a
mkang U
n
iver
s
i
ty, Ne
w
T
a
ipe
i
Cit
y
,
2
513
7, T
a
i
w
an.
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: vic
y
a
n
g
0
7
0
6
@
gmai
l.com
A
b
st
r
a
ct
Impl
e
m
e
n
ting
the S
i
x Si
g
m
a
control
metho
d
is
to use
defi
ne, me
asure, ana
ly
z
e
,
i
m
pro
v
e
a
n
d
control
(DMAI
C
) fra
m
ew
ork
to i
m
prov
e
the pr
oc
ess
from the
b
egi
nni
ng,
e
m
ph
a
s
i
z
e
th
e
proc
ess
ma
na
ge
me
nt, reduc
e the proc
ess time, e
l
i
m
i
nate the d
e
fects, and incre
a
s
e
the passi
ng r
a
te. T
he ai
ms o
f
this study is to
app
ly Six Si
g
m
a c
ontro
l
met
hod w
i
th
DMAI
C framew
ork to shorte
n the
pow
er sup
p
ly
ove
r
time
in
ord
e
r to
enh
anc
e the
p
o
w
e
r sup
p
ly
efficiency
in
T
.
po
w
e
r compa
n
y (
T
PC). F
i
rst of all, acc
o
rdi
n
g
to
the dai
ly report
,
the results ha
ve
show
n that Constructi
on
W
o
rk Second
Section took th
e lon
gest time for
p
r
o
c
e
s
si
n
g
the
ap
p
l
i
c
a
n
t
s’
re
q
u
e
s
ts. Th
en
, th
e
a
p
p
l
i
c
an
ts’
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
i
n
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
a
n
d
th
ei
r a
tta
ched
docu
m
ents ar
e
the
main
pro
b
l
e
m by
usi
ng c
a
use
and
effe
ct
dia
g
ra
m. T
h
is
study pr
ovid
ed
tw
o soluti
ons f
o
r
such th
orny
pr
obl
e
m
s. F
i
na
lly
, the resu
lt sho
w
ed that
the p
o
w
e
r
sup
p
ly ov
er
ti
me
was reduced from
66% to
30% i
n
the Co
nstruction W
o
r
k
Second S
e
cti
on.
Ke
y
w
ords
: Sig
Sigma, DMAIC, Pow
e
r suppl
y
Copy
right
©
2013 Un
ive
r
sita
s Ah
mad
Dah
l
an
. All rig
h
t
s r
ese
rved
.
1. Introduc
tion
Six Sigma is
derived fro
m
Motorol
a
’s co
nt
rol method
[1]. Between the years of 1987 to
1997, Moto
ro
la Inc. imple
m
ented the i
d
ea of Six Si
gma for its
qu
ality control
regulatio
ns.
During
the time, it h
a
s saved the
comp
any over US
D
140
billion. Besid
e
s, Six Sigma cont
rol met
hod
has g
r
a
dually
beco
m
e an i
n
ternatio
nal
ben
chma
rk
for qu
ality co
ntrol si
nce then. Impleme
n
ting
the Six Sigma co
ntrol me
thod is to u
s
e MAIC
fram
ewo
r
k to im
p
r
ove the p
r
o
c
e
ss from th
e
begin
n
ing, e
m
pha
size the
process ma
n
ageme
n
t, red
u
ce the p
r
o
c
e
ss time, elimi
nate the defe
c
ts,
and in
cre
a
se the passin
g
rate.
T. power
co
mpany (TPC) is a
po
we
r
sup
p
ly
man
u
facturer and
supplie
r in
Tai
w
an. In
TPC servi
c
e
pro
c
ed
ure, re
gular re
sid
e
n
t
ial use
r
s
sh
ould
requ
est
for their ele
c
t
r
ical
service i
n
their region
al
servi
c
e b
r
a
n
ch
and Se
rvice Ce
nter
.
In gene
ral, the time from
requ
estin
g
for
servi
c
e in th
e se
rvice
co
unter to the
compl
e
ti
on of
outdoo
r and
indoo
r wi
rin
g
con
s
tructio
n
is
sho
r
ter the
better. The
sho
r
ter the
pro
c
e
ssi
ng time, the better the servi
c
e efficie
n
cy
is.
Therefore,
a
highly
significant proble
m
i
n
the TP
C i
s
ho
w to
ho
w to shorte
n t
he time
of th
e
pro
c
e
ss
of reque
sting fo
r electri
c
al
se
rvice
s
while
providin
g the
highe
st qua
lity for great
er
cu
st
ome
r
s’ s
a
t
i
sf
act
i
o
n
s.
No
wad
a
ys, the powe
r
su
pp
ly quality problem is be
co
ming more and more imp
o
rtant for
cu
stome
r
s a
nd m
anufa
c
t
u
re
rs [2], [3]. Poor po
we
r su
pply q
uali
t
y increa
se
s
risk, the
cost
of
d
o
i
n
g
b
u
s
i
nes
s
,
a
n
d
he
nce
impa
irs
a bu
s
i
ne
ss
b
o
tto
m line.
The
r
e
f
ore, thi
s
stu
d
y used
the
Six
Sigma
cont
ro
l metho
d
with
DMAIC fra
m
ewo
r
k to
sh
orten the
po
we
r su
pply ove
r
t
i
me in
orde
r to
enha
nce the
power supply
efficien
cy i
n
TPC. Fi
rst,
in
define
step,
we
kn
ow that
re
du
cing
po
wer
sup
p
ly sche
d
u
le is
providi
ng the hi
ghe
st quality
for g
r
eate
r
custo
m
ers’ satisfa
c
tions. In mea
s
ure
step, we u
s
e
d
Pareto cha
r
t to identify the po
we
r
su
pply’s levels
in every dep
artment of T
P
C.
The cau
s
e a
nd effect di
a
g
ram i
s
a
d
o
p
ted to fi
nd
the facto
r
s f
o
r lon
g
-time
power
sup
p
ly in
analyze
step.
In imp
r
ove
st
ep, we p
r
ovid
ed two
solu
ti
ons for this p
r
oble
m
s,
one
is to
re
mind
the
appli
c
ant
s to pick up a
co
n
s
ent form for
setting t
he a
c
ce
ss
point in
the pro
p
e
r
area and
with it
s
sched
uled ti
me, and the
other is to
confirm
the appli
c
ant
s by telephon
e two day
s prio
r the
con
s
tru
c
ting
date. Th
rou
g
h
the
imp
r
ov
ement
stra
teg
y
, th
e
po
wer
s
u
pp
ly o
v
er time
is
r
e
duc
e
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 11, No
. 10, Octobe
r 2013 : 608
7 –
6094
6088
from 66% to 30%. Finally, we shoul
d ne
ed to con
s
tru
c
t a wo
rkflo
w
cha
r
t after the improvem
e
n
t
has
signifi
can
t
ly change
d in the power supply over time in TPC.
2. Rese
arch
Metho
d
Six Sigma repre
s
ent
s the quality pass rate of
99.999
7% or above.
In other words, only
3.4 defects i
n
every million produc
ts. Because it i
s
very close to
zero defect
requirem
ents, one
sho
u
ld have
contin
uou
s q
uality and service im
prove
m
ent, goal
se
tting to achie
v
e the goal
s
and
cu
stome
r
sati
sfactio
n
[4]. Banuel
as
et al.
[5] and
Lynch et al. [6] ha
ve mention
e
d
that Six Sigma
control metho
d
is an effecti
v
e proble
m
-solving stra
te
g
y
. In
the Six
Sigma quality control p
r
o
c
e
ss,
the MAIC fra
m
ewo
r
k was
first u
s
ed, th
at is, me
as
ure (M
), analy
z
e (A), im
pr
ove
(I), cont
rol (C).
Motorol
a
Inc.’
s
Six Sigma
quality co
ntro
l movem
ent
has
pa
ssed t
o
Gen
e
ral El
ectri
c
Comp
a
n
y.
Gene
ral Ele
c
tric Comp
any pro
c
e
s
sed th
at a st
ep of define (D) sho
u
ld be ad
ded
before the M
A
IC
frame
w
ork,
which
was fro
m
the
origi
nal
MAIC fr
amework to
DMAIC framework
.
Define
refers to
the definition
of objective
s
and sco
pe, which i
s
to
defi
ne the proje
c
t items, sele
ct
team membe
r
s
to this im
pro
v
ement grou
p, evaluate it
s finan
ci
al
g
oals, a
nd
obt
ain ap
proval
from the
upp
er
manag
eme
n
t level [1].
Some expe
rts and
re
sea
r
che
r
s
also prese
n
t
ed the
Six Sigma is a useful
and
effective
method fo
r q
uality and
proce
s
s imp
r
ov
ement, for
e
x
ample, Che
ng [8] u
s
ed
a que
stion
n
a
i
re
method to i
n
vestigate
h
o
w T
a
iwane
se m
anufa
c
t
u
re
rs i
m
plem
ented the
Six Sigma co
ntrol
method for t
heir bu
sin
e
ss integration
and main
ta
ining qu
ality control. Lyu and Chen
[7]
addresse
d a
study of th
e t
ouch p
anel
m
anufa
c
turin
g
pro
c
e
s
s u
s
in
g Six Sigma
control m
e
tho
d
to
analyze its critical man
u
facturi
ng characteri
stic
s fo
r quality con
t
rol, to identify the optimal
manufa
c
turi
n
g
paramete
r
s and to devel
op strategie
s
for improvin
g the man
u
fa
cturin
g p
r
o
c
e
ss.
Che
n
et al. [1] com
b
ined
its man
u
facturing
cap
abi
lity index with Six Sigma appli
c
ation
s
to
discu
ss it
s u
nqualified
pro
duct
cha
r
a
c
te
ristics i
n
a
ra
tchet wre
n
ch
com
pany in
central Tai
w
a
n
.
Che
n
et al. [
9
] also
co
mbi
ned
DMAIC
and p
r
o
c
e
s
s
cap
ability ind
e
x that can
e
ffectively sho
r
ten
the
re
spo
n
se time
interval and
the ca
se solving
time, and
in
crea
se the
ca
se
-solving
rate. Hsia et
al. [10] discu
ssed the imp
o
rtan
ce of using DMAIC framework
and
develop an online ma
rketing
stand
ard
ope
rating
pro
c
e
d
u
re
and
a kn
owle
dge
-ba
s
ed ma
nage
m
ent syste
m
. Che
ng a
nd
Chang
[11] used L
e
a
n
Six Sigma
methodol
ogy decrea
s
e
d
the non-val
u
e
-
a
dded p
r
o
c
e
s
s by 70%.
From the p
r
e
v
ious cases,
all have indicat
ed that the Six Sigma control meth
o
d
is an
effective ma
nage
rial
strat
egy. This
st
udy used th
e Six Sigma
cont
rol met
hod
with DM
AIC
frame
w
ork to
sho
r
ten th
e
power
sup
p
l
y over
time
in ord
e
r to
enha
nce th
e po
wer
su
p
p
ly
effic
i
enc
y
in TPC.
3. Results a
nd Discu
ssi
on
3.1. Define
In TPC service p
r
o
c
ed
ure,
resi
dential
u
s
ers
sho
u
ld
re
que
st for thei
r el
ectri
c
al
se
rvice
in
their
regi
onal
se
rvice
b
r
a
n
ch.
They n
eed to
comp
lete an
ap
plication
form
with the
re
q
u
ired
informatio
n.
After revie
w
in
g the
ap
plicat
ions by
TP
C
servi
c
e
pe
rso
nnel, the
Se
rvice
Cente
r
will
sen
d
the a
ppl
icant
s’ inform
ation to the
Desig
n
Sectio
n
.
The De
sig
n
Section p
e
rsonnel
will then
insp
ect the n
eare
s
t po
wer line to the a
pplic
ants’ ho
use, and b
r
in
g the desig
n
of the needed
power line al
locatio
n
to calcul
ate the co
st in
Busin
e
ss Section.
The Service Cente
r
then will
notify the u
s
ers for pay
ments. After co
mpleting
the payme
nt, Co
nst
r
u
c
tion Work Se
ct
ion,
inclu
d
ing
Co
n
s
tru
c
tion
Wo
rk Fi
rst Se
ctio
n an
d Con
s
truction
Work
Secon
d
Se
cti
on, were
sent
for
the oute
r
po
wer line
allo
cation
con
s
truction. If the
co
nst
r
u
c
tion
is i
n
volved
the pipi
ng
a
nd
unde
rg
roun
d
wo
rk, a
permissi
on from
the prope
r
authority is
need
ed. Wh
en the o
u
ter line
con
s
tru
c
tion i
s
co
mpleted,
one shoul
d n
o
tify the
applicant
s to requ
est the indo
or wiring
wo
rk.
An
electri
c
ity meter will be in
st
alled after the
approval
in
spectio
n
from the Indoo
r Lin
e
Section.
This
study focu
sed o
n
ho
w to sho
r
ten t
he time
from
requ
estin
g
for power
servi
c
e to the
compl
e
tion of
supplyin
g
po
wer
se
rvice,
whi
c
h later d
e
fined a
s
po
wer
sup
p
ly over time.
3.2. Measure
In gene
ral, t
he ap
plicants go to thei
r region
al servi
c
e b
r
a
n
ch,
a
comm
uni
cati
ng an
d
negotiatin
g
wi
ndo
w betwee
n
re
side
ntial use
r
s
and
TP
C wh
ere TPC respon
d to variou
s requ
ests
and servi
c
e
s
. Its Service
Cente
r
is a
n
office duty
division for
pro
c
e
ssi
ng e
l
ectri
c
al
servi
c
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Usi
ng Six Sig
m
a to Im
prove the Effici
ency of Po
wer
Supply
(Chun
-Ming Yan
g
)
6089
appli
c
ation
s
, compili
ng
a
p
p
licatio
ns
fo
r outdoo
r con
s
truction
s f
r
o
m
its regio
n
a
l
se
rvice
bra
n
ch,
and di
strib
u
ting re
que
sts
to each de
p
a
rtment.
On
ce co
mpleting
each requi
red tasks, ea
ch
appli
c
ation
n
eed
s to
send
back to Se
rv
ice
Cente
r
fo
r filing p
u
rp
o
s
e
s
. It make
s Service
Ce
n
t
er
act a
s
the
ne
gotiating u
n
it for ea
ch
dep
artment o
r
di
v
i
sion
wit
h
in i
t
s se
rv
ic
e b
r
a
n
ch.
A
c
c
o
rdi
n
g
the ap
plicatio
ns’
proce
s
sin
g
chronolo
g
i
c
al
order
wit
h
em
erg
e
n
c
y ca
se
s,
De
si
gn Se
ction
first
receives the
appli
c
ation
in processin
g
chro
nol
o
g
i
c
al
with the
co
nsid
eratio
n of em
erg
e
n
cy
exceptio
ns,
a
nd the
n
di
stri
butes the
ca
se
s to
it
s
de
sign
staffs fo
r d
e
si
gning
d
i
stributio
n p
o
w
er
lines. After
co
mpleting the
desi
gn ta
sks,
the wo
rk
is
sent to Busi
ne
ss S
e
ctio
n for cal
c
ulatin
g the
wirin
g
grants
and the ap
pli
c
ant
s are n
o
tifi
ed to pay their fee at Service Ce
nter.
Figure 1. The
percentag
es
of daily pr
oce
ssi
ng time of the Pareto ch
art
Outsid
e lines con
s
tru
c
tion
s incl
ude un
derg
r
o
und pi
ping co
nst
r
u
c
tion
s and o
v
erhea
d
circuit con
s
truction
s. If the outsid
e
lin
es con
s
tr
u
c
ti
on is n
eed
ed
, the con
s
tru
c
ting work wi
ll be
done
und
erg
r
ound i
n
a
m
e
tropolita
n
a
r
ea which i
s
calle
d un
dergrou
nd
pipin
g
. The
overh
ead
circuit
con
s
truction
s
are
u
s
ed
vario
u
s suppo
rts,
su
ch
as pylon
s
,
steel p
o
le
s, or
con
c
rete p
o
le
s to
hold th
e el
ect
r
ic cable
s
hig
h
ab
ove the
grou
nd.
Con
s
truction
Work First Se
ction
is
re
sp
on
sibl
e
for the u
nde
rgrou
nd
piping
con
s
tructio
n
. Approval
f
o
r su
ch wo
rk
i
s
need
ed
from the
autho
ritie
s
.
After the pipi
ng con
s
tru
c
tion is
com
p
let
ed, Co
ns
truct
i
on Work Se
cond Se
ction i
s
re
sp
on
sible
for
distrib
u
tion li
ne wi
ring
constructio
n
s and
overh
ead
circuit
con
s
tru
c
tion
s. Based
on
the
compl
e
tion report
s
, Indo
or Line Se
ct
ion inspe
c
ts the con
s
tru
c
ting pr
ocess then provides
electri
c
al
services. Wh
en reque
sting
fo
r electri
c
al
services,
re
side
ntial users
ne
ed to g
o
thro
ugh
the pro
c
e
s
se
s in the regi
o
nal se
rvice b
r
anch and its
Service
Cent
er.
This stu
d
y co
llected a
nd compiled the
daily stat
istical data in Na
ntou Di
strict
bran
ch in
Taiwa
n
b
e
tween
Jan
u
a
r
y and F
ebrua
ry of 201
0.
Th
ere
are
total
236 pi
eces o
f
data colle
cted.
The follo
win
g
Pareto
ch
art indi
cate
d
the pe
rcent
age
s of d
a
ily pro
c
e
ssi
ng
time exce
e
d
the
stand
ard
reg
u
lation from e
a
ch d
epa
rtme
nt/division (se
e
Figure 1).
3.3. Analy
z
e
Acco
rdi
ng to
the daily rep
o
rt, the re
sult
s
have sho
w
n
that
Con
s
truction Wo
rk Secon
d
Se
c
t
io
n to
ok
th
e
lo
ng
es
t time
fo
r pr
oc
es
s
i
n
g
the
app
lic
an
ts
’
r
e
que
s
ts
.
T
h
er
e
f
or
e
,
th
is
s
e
c
t
io
n
s
h
ould be the firs
t priority for
imp
r
ove
m
ent. In this
se
ction, this
se
ction’
s po
ssible
ca
uses
were
discu
s
sed fo
r furthe
r a
nal
ysis. Th
e m
a
jor ta
sk
of
Constructio
n
Wo
rk S
e
con
d
Sectio
n i
s
th
e
overhe
ad circuit con
s
tru
c
t
i
ons and
di
stribution
li
ne wirin
g
con
s
truction
s.
Thi
s
study cho
s
e
the
junior
supe
rvi
s
ors with
ten
year
s
of ex
perie
nces to
brain
s
to
rm th
e follo
wing
di
agra
m
involv
ed
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r 2013 : 608
7 –
6094
6090
with appli
c
a
n
ts, perso
ns in
cha
r
ge, o
r
ga
nizatio
nal
culture, an
d its system frame
w
ork. The
ca
use
and effect di
agra
m
as in
Figure
2 is
to ident
ify the possibl
e causes fo
r ha
ving the long
est
pro
c
e
ssi
ng time.
(1) A
pplicant
s: (a
) Informa
t
ion: The g
e
n
e
ral p
ubli
c
rarely has th
e chan
ce in
co
ntact with
the busi
n
e
ss
transactio
n
s i
n
the local a
u
thorit
ie
s or i
n
the relate
d
busin
ess co
mpanie
s
. Wh
en
there i
s
a
ne
ed, they then
go to
the proper
autho
riti
es.
Bu
sine
ss transactio
n
s of
req
u
e
s
ting
for
electri
c
al se
rvices are not
often
en
cou
n
tered.
Its p
r
oce
s
sing
pro
c
ed
ure
s
a
r
e
not well
kno
w
n to
the gene
ral
publi
c
, whi
c
h
make
s the
m
unfamilia
r with the re
que
sting p
r
o
c
ed
ure
s
. If the
appli
c
ant
s en
trust the third
party to han
dle, su
ch a
s
electri
c
al e
q
u
i
pment co
mp
any, proble
m
s
might be o
c
curre
d
due t
o
misu
nde
rst
andin
g
.
The
operating p
r
o
c
e
ss mi
ght b
e
delayed a
n
d
cau
s
e p
r
o
c
e
ssi
ng over ti
me. For exa
m
ple, in the case of req
uestin
g
for o
u
ter po
we
r line
allocation co
nstru
c
tion, after
the appli
c
ant
s co
mpl
e
te
the pay
ment,
the constructio
n
work
approval fro
m
the prope
r authoritie
s should be
rea
d
y in advance or the new conne
ction
pole
sho
u
ld be re
ady
in adva
n
ce. Othe
rwi
s
e,
the
po
wer com
pany won’t be abl
e
to
fini
sh
the
con
s
tru
c
tion
work an
d hav
e power tran
smissio
n
co
m
p
leted on sch
edule, whi
c
h
might delay the
time for power transmiss
i
on.
(b) Attached d
o
cumen
t
s: If the attache
d
do
cum
e
nts do
not m
a
tch
the files,
such a
s
l
a
ck
of
relevant
iden
tifica
tion,
o
r
undefin
ed property right
s,
it
may re
sul
t
in
sup
p
ly sched
ule delay
s.
(2) Pe
rson
s i
n
cha
r
g
e
: (a)
Professio
nal
kno
w
le
dge b
a
se: If person
s
in charge a
r
e lack of
profe
ssi
onal
kno
w
-ho
w
, and not familia
r with the
ove
r
all re
que
stin
g pro
c
ed
ures, when come
s to
an un
expect
ed situ
ation, he or
sh
e ca
nnot solv
e problem
s imme
diately. The
pro
c
e
ssi
ng ti
me
may be del
ayed. (b
) Worki
ng attitude: F
o
llowin
g
t
he
discipline
s
i
s
one of the
ba
sic
and th
e m
o
st
importa
nt working attitude
s. Person
s in charg
e
sh
ould
be active, take the initiative to collaborate
with others, and re
sp
ect
for the sup
e
riors.
When e
n
co
unter a p
r
oble
m
, one sho
u
ld seek
a
solutio
n
activ
e
ly. A good worki
ng envi
r
o
n
ment ca
n en
han
ce its work efficien
cy a
nd quality.
(3)
Organi
zati
onal
culture: (a) Le
ade
rshi
p styl
e: Lea
d
e
r'
s pe
rsonal
values
will att
r
act
his
or he
r collea
gue
s with
si
milar value
s
within the o
r
gani
zation. T
he sen
s
e of
belongi
ng a
nd
orga
nizationa
l identificatio
n may be in
cre
a
sed.
Diff
erent le
ade
rship styles
create a different
orga
nizationa
l culture, an
d may influence its or
ga
nizatio
nal pe
rforma
nce. (b) Organi
zati
onal
type: Bureaucrati
c type of
organization i
s
a leve
l
cont
rolled
system
. Work
i
ng responsibilities
are
arrang
ed a
c
cording
to t
he bu
re
au
cratic level.
L
a
ws, re
gulati
ons and
its org
ani
zatio
nal
operation
s
a
r
e strongly e
m
pha
sized,
whi
c
h m
a
ke
s
its organi
zati
on ri
gid, infle
x
ible, and la
ck of
resili
ence.
(4) Compa
n
y
system
fram
e
w
ork:
(a
) L
e
g
a
l r
egulatio
ns: Beca
use of t
he le
gal
re
gul
ations,
operating pro
c
ed
ure
s
nee
d
to
pe
rform in
acco
rd
an
ce with th
e rul
e
s. If the ta
sk h
a
s
not b
e
e
n
compl
e
ted i
n
the p
r
eviou
s
in-cha
rge
d
d
epartm
ent, it
may not p
a
ss d
o
wn to th
e next
se
ctor in
charge. Persons in
charge are la
ck of flexibility, thereby affe
ct
ing the overa
ll progress. (b)
Procedu
re
s: Facto
r
s li
ke differe
nt
operating
st
yles, highly
com
p
licated
pro
c
e
dures with
compl
e
xity, a
nd levels of h
u
man inte
rve
n
tion may re
sult in delay operatin
g time.
P
r
ocessi
ng over time
App
lican
ts
C
o
mpany system framework
Persons in charge
Organiz
ation
a
l c
u
lture
Informa
t
ion
At
ta
c
h
ed
doc
u
me
nt
s
Working attitude
Professional
kn
owl
e
dge
base
Pr
oc
ed
ure
s
Regulations
Orga
nizational type
Leadership style
Figure 2. Cau
s
e an
d effect diagr
am for p
r
ocessin
g
over time
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3.4. Impro
v
e
Acco
rdi
ng to
the results
after evalu
a
ting
with Six
Sigma
contro
l method, th
e majo
r
cau
s
e
for
po
wer tra
n
smi
s
sion
over time is that
Con
s
truction
Work Seco
nd Se
ct
ion too
k
the
most
time to pro
c
e
ss it
s work. Base
d on the
diagram of
causes fo
r p
r
o
c
e
ssi
ng ove
r
time, the cau
s
e
s
fo
r
pr
oc
es
s
i
ng
o
v
e
r
time
in
Co
ns
tr
uc
tio
n
W
o
rk
Sec
o
nd
Sec
t
io
n a
r
e a
p
p
lican
ts
, p
e
r
s
o
n
s in
cha
r
ge, o
r
g
a
n
izatio
nal
cul
t
ure, and
co
mpany sy
ste
m
frame
w
o
r
k. The appli
c
ants’ p
r
ovide
d
informatio
n a
nd their attached do
cum
e
n
t
s are the mai
n
probl
em.
The applicants are
not familiar with the proc
ess of
requesting for electri
c
al
servi
c
es.
Setting a dual-way commu
nicatio
n
platform for imme
diate adviso
r
y purpo
se
s is reco
mmen
d
ed.
A compl
e
te versi
on h
and
b
ook
of req
u
e
s
ting for
ele
c
t
r
ical
se
rv
ic
es
sho
u
ld al
so
spe
c
if
y
t
he m
o
st
freque
ntly asked a
r
ea
s a
nd the co
rre
s
po
ndin
g
sol
u
tions. All application forms and
relat
ed
informatio
n should a
s
well
includ
e insi
d
e
the hand
bo
ok. All inform
ation sh
ould
be onlin
e or
can
be take
n by people.
In addition, d
u
ring th
e pro
c
e
ss
of req
u
e
sting
fo
r ele
c
tri
c
al services, some p
r
o
c
ed
ure
s
the appli
c
ant
s might mi
ss
or not familia
r with su
ch
ste
p
s. Situation
s
like whethe
r
an oute
r
po
wer
line con
s
tru
c
tion is
nee
de
d. Or
whethe
r an a
p
p
r
ova
l
for ce
rtain
con
s
tru
c
tion
work i
s
ne
ed
ed.
Applica
n
ts m
a
y not kno
w
it. When th
e tech
nicia
n
s from Co
nst
r
uction
Wo
rk
Secon
d
Secti
on
come
to pe
rf
orm the
tasks an
d find
o
u
t one
or all
of the ab
ove mentio
ned
is n
o
t don
e, a
resch
eduli
ng
is req
u
ired. The co
nstructi
on wo
rk the
n
again i
s
delay
ed.
Thre
e se
nior executive’s i
ndi
cated that
the applican
ts’ provide
d
informatio
n a
nd their
attache
d
d
o
cuments a
r
e t
he mai
n
p
r
ob
lems. Ba
se
d
on the
ab
ove
reason, thi
s
study p
r
ovide
d
two
solutio
n
s for
su
ch th
o
r
ny p
r
obl
ems. Option
one
is to
re
mind
the a
pplican
ts to pi
ck u
p
a
con
s
e
n
t form
for setting the acce
ss poi
nt in the proper a
r
ea an
d
with its sch
e
duled time. The
person
s
in ch
arge
sho
u
ld call the applica
n
ts to ma
ke sure whethe
r the ac
ce
ss p
o
i
n
t is ready two
days befo
r
e
the con
s
truct
i
ng wo
rk. Th
eir sch
edul
e
d
con
s
tructin
g
time sho
u
l
d
be mentio
ned
while
co
nfirm
i
ng with
the
appli
c
ant
s. O
p
tion two
is
like p
r
eviou
s
mention
ed t
o
co
nfirm th
e
appli
c
ant
s by
telepho
ne two days
prio
r t
he con
s
tru
c
ting date. If the acce
ss poi
nt is not
set, one
sho
u
ld inform
the techni
cia
n
s in Con
s
tru
c
tion Work Seco
nd Sectio
n. The acce
ss point shoul
d be
set up first then pe
rform th
e overh
ead
ci
rcuit
con
s
tru
c
tion. This way, the resche
d
u
ling will n
o
t be
necessary and the following pr
ocedures
will not be del
ayed.
3.5. Contr
o
l
Monitori
ng th
e overall op
eration sh
ould
be im
pleme
n
ted. This stu
d
y
used the Six Sigma
control meth
od to sho
r
te
n the powe
r
supply pr
ocess and imp
r
ove its qual
i
t
y. The steps of
improvem
ent are a
s
sh
own
in Figure 3.
Thro
ugh th
e improvem
ent
strategy m
ent
ioned a
bove,
the po
wer
supply over ti
me from
the Con
s
tru
c
t
i
on Wo
rk Se
cond Sectio
n is red
u
ced fro
m
66% to 30% (see Fig
u
re 4).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 11, No
. 10, Octobe
r 2013 : 608
7 –
6094
6092
Def
i
n
e
Me
as
ure
An
aly
z
e
Impr
ove
Co
nt
rol
D
e
f
i
ne
pro
b
le
m: S
h
o
r
te
n t
h
e
po
wer
s
u
p
p
l
y
ti
me
Respo
n
ding
Departments: Reg
i
onal
Serv
ice
Branch,
Serv
ice Center,
Desig
n
Sect
io
n, Busin
e
s
s
Sectio
n,
Constructi
on
Wo
rk
First
S
ectio
n, Constructi
on Wo
rk
Secon
d
S
e
ct
ion
a
n
d In
do
or Line
Sect
io
n.
Six
Sigm
a co
ntro
l
met
h
o
d
Leve
l of
imp
l
emen
t
a
t
i
on
Ev
aluate ea
ch
department/sectio
n’s pro
cessing
time.
Constructi
on Wo
rk
Seco
nd Se
cti
o
n
i
s
t
he prio
rity for
i
m
pro
v
ement.
A
n
a
l
yze
th
e
c
a
u
se a
n
d
ef
fec
t
d
i
ag
ram
f
or
over
ti
me in
Constructi
on Wo
rk
Seco
nd
Se
cti
o
n, Ca
uses ar
e
a
p
p
lica
n
t
s
, p
erson
s i
n
c
h
ar
ge, i
t
s o
r
gan
iza
t
i
o
n
a
l
cu
l
t
u
r
e
a
nd
co
m
p
an
y sy
st
e
m
f
r
am
e
w
or
k
.
T
h
e
ke
y
fa
ct
or
i
s
th
at
ap
pl
i
c
an
ts a
r
e
n
ot
fa
m
i
li
a
r
w
i
th
the requesting procedur
es,
su
ch as sett
in
g u
p
th
e
proper a
ccess po
ints.
Pr
ov
i
d
e
a d
u
a
l
w
a
y c
o
mmu
ni
cat
i
on
pl
at
fo
rm.
Sol
v
e the
pro
b
le
m of settin
g
th
e
a
cces
s
po
ints
: con
f
irm
t
h
e ap
pli
c
an
ts
t
w
o
da
ys
be
fo
re t
h
e
con
s
t
r
u
c
ti
ng
da
te
o
r
notify
the i
n
door
line subsection if necessary.
S
e
t
up
a
st
an
da
rd e
x
ecu
ti
ng
pl
an
and
wo
rkf
l
o
w
p
l
an
,
mo
nitor
the o
v
era
ll
o
p
era
ti
on
Figure 3. Shorten the po
we
r sup
p
ly
time by implement
ing Six Sigma
Figure 4. Before an
d after
improvem
ent of the
line ch
art in depa
rt
ment of Con
s
truction
Wo
rk
Sec
o
nd Sec
t
ion
4. Conclusio
n
Although Six
Sigma
co
ntrol metho
d
h
a
s
bee
n
su
cce
ssfully
app
lied in
many
different
industries,
such as physi
cal disabilities services
[12], case
reporting sy
st
em [13]
, semi
conductor
indu
stry [14], it has not yet been a
pplied
to powe
r
su
p
p
ly.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Usi
ng Six Sig
m
a to Im
prove the Effici
ency of Po
wer
Supply
(Chun
-Ming Yan
g
)
6093
This
study i
m
pleme
n
ted
Six Sigma co
ntrol m
e
thod
to sh
orten
th
e po
we
r
sup
p
ly time,
enha
nce the
TPC’s servi
c
es. Be
ginnin
g
with
go
al
se
tting in
the
se
ction
of d
e
finition, this
study
wante
d
to sh
orten the
po
wer
su
pply p
r
ocess ti
me.
The po
we
r supply time or powe
r
sup
p
ly
pro
c
e
ssi
ng ti
me is d
e
fined
as
starting f
r
om t
he
be
gin
n
ing when re
que
sting
an e
l
ectri
c
al se
rvice
to the
compl
e
tion of p
o
wer tran
smissi
on. In t
he
se
ction
of mea
s
ureme
n
t, all
pro
c
e
s
sing
time
were
gathe
re
d from
e
a
ch
dep
artme
n
t/se
c
tion. T
h
e
re
sult i
ndi
cated that
Co
nstru
c
tion
Work
Secon
d
Se
ct
ion h
a
d
66%
over the
st
anda
rd
proc
essing
time.
Thi
s
se
ctio
n was u
r
ge
n
t
for
immediate im
provem
ent. Using
cau
s
e a
nd effect diag
ram an
alysi
s
to identify the cau
s
e
s
for o
v
er
pro
c
e
ssi
ng ti
me in
Co
nst
r
uction
Work
Secon
d
Se
cti
on a
r
e
appli
c
ants, p
e
rson
s in
charge,
its
organizational culture,
and company sy
stem fram
ework. Among t
hese fact
ors,
not familiar
with
the operating
pro
c
e
ss i
s
the most cru
c
ia
l.
The
key fact
or for
affecti
ng the
Con
s
t
r
uctio
n
Work Secon
d
Se
ction’s
sched
u
l
e is its
informatio
n proce
s
sing p
r
o
b
lem. Most i
m
porta
ntly
, after paying the
payments, a
pplicants hav
e to
obtain an ap
p
r
oval for setti
ng the acce
ss point in t
he prop
erty auth
o
rity. Or if it’s
new set up, the
work
sho
u
ld
be co
mplete
d
in advan
ce. Most of the time, appli
c
ant
s may igno
re
su
ch ste
p
a
nd
delay the later ope
rating p
r
oce
dures. Po
wer lin
e
co
nstruction a
nd the po
wer tra
n
smi
ssi
on wo
rk
can
not be co
mpleted be
cause of appli
c
ant
s’ igno
ra
nce. Th
erefo
r
e, person
s
in
cha
r
ge
sho
u
l
d
remin
d
the a
pplicants to
o
b
tain the
con
s
ent fo
rm in
advan
ce a
n
d
set u
p
the a
c
cess p
o
int.
Also
confirmation
by telephon
e sho
u
ld be
co
mplet
ed two
days befo
r
e the co
nstructi
ng date.
Thro
ugh th
e i
m
provem
ent
strategy
by u
s
ing
Six Sig
m
a control
met
hod, 66%
pro
c
e
ssi
ng
over time i
s
red
u
ced to
30% in the
Con
s
tructio
n
Wo
rk Se
cond Se
ction.
Even after the
impleme
n
tation of
Six Sigma
co
ntrol
method, tr
acking
ea
ch
de
partme
n
t o
r
se
ction’
s
wo
rking
sched
ule
s
is
necessa
ry. Monitori
ng a
n
d
co
ntro
llin
g i
n
the set ra
n
ge shoul
d be
ackno
w
le
dge
d. A
Wo
rkflo
w
ch
art with its
stand
ard
executin
g plan
shoul
d be
develope
d and e
s
tabli
s
hed.
Monitori
ng th
e overall op
e
r
ation shoul
d
be impl
eme
n
ted. Reg
u
lar education training i
s
nee
ded
to upg
rad
e
st
affs’ quality,
stren
g
then
th
e pr
ocess
cy
cle,
solve p
r
oblem, imp
r
o
v
e perfo
rma
n
c
e
efficien
cy, and enha
nce overall servi
c
e
quality of TPC.
Ackn
o
w
l
e
dg
ments
This work
wa
s
sup
p
o
r
ted i
n
pa
rt by th
e
Na
tion
al S
c
ie
nce
Coun
cil
(NSC), Tai
w
a
n
, RO
C
unde
r the
Grants
NSC-10
0-26
22
-E-4
68
-001
-CC3 an
d Asia
University, Taich
u
n
g
, Taiwan,
ROC
unde
r the Grants 99
-
產
-01.
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