Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
14
,
No.
1
,
A
pr
il
201
9
, p
p.
402
~
406
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
4
.i
1
.pp
402
-
406
402
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p
/i
je
ecs
Healthy
l
ife exp
ect
ancy
vs
he
alth
ex
p
enditu
re
b
y sull
ivan
method i
n Mal
aysia
Muhamm
ad
Ha
kee
m Om
a
r,
N
urin H
an
i
ah
Asm
un
i,
S
ha
ri
f
ah N
az
atul Shim
a
Facul
t
y
of
Com
pute
r and
Ma
them
at
ic
a
l
Sci
ences,
Univer
si
ti Te
kn
ologi
MA
RA
,
M
al
a
y
si
a
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Ar
ti
cl
e hist
or
y:
Re
cei
ved
Oct
12
, 201
8
Re
vised
N
ov
3
0,
2018
Accepte
d
Dec
18
, 201
8
The
improvem
ent
of
m
ortality
r
at
es
in
m
an
y
co
untri
es
ov
er
the
world
has
a
m
aj
or
impact
o
n
cost
associate
d
with
li
ving
l
onger
due
to
m
orta
lit
y
and
m
orbidi
t
y
r
isk.
In
par
ticula
r
,
th
e
tre
nd
in
li
f
e
expe
c
ta
nc
y
of
Malay
s
ia
n
popula
ti
on
has
stea
d
ily
in
crease
d
for
m
an
y
y
e
ar
s
where
in
2017
,
Malay
si
an
are
exp
ecte
d
to
li
ve
up
to
74.
8
y
e
ars
compare
d
to
74.
3
y
e
ars
in
2011.
Lif
e
expe
c
ta
nc
y
ca
n
be
def
in
ed
as
th
e
ave
r
age
per
iod
of
a
per
son
m
a
y
expe
c
t
to
li
ve
,
while
t
he
def
ini
t
ion
of
di
sabil
ity
-
f
re
e
li
fe
expe
c
ta
nc
y
is
the
av
era
g
e
num
ber
of
y
e
ars
a
p
erson
is
exp
ec
t
ed
to
l
ive
wi
t
hout
he
al
th
disa
bil
ity
.
If
a
per
son
ta
kes
a
good
ca
re
and
se
rvic
es
through
t
he
adva
nc
ement
of
m
edi
ca
l
te
chno
log
y
,
it
m
a
y
expe
nd
th
e
per
iod
of
li
f
e
exp
ec
t
ancy
for
a
pe
rson.
Thus,
longe
vity
m
a
y
h
ave
a
posit
ive
r
el
a
ti
onship
wi
th
health
expe
ndi
t
ure
.
Uni
te
d
Stat
e
for
insta
nc
e
spends
m
ore
o
n
hea
lt
h
a
cro
ss
y
e
ars,
howeve
r
Unite
d
State
bec
om
es
the
ou
tlier
as
compare
d
to
othe
r
coun
tr
ies
with
highe
r
p
er
ce
nt
age
o
f
inc
re
ase
in
li
fe
e
xpec
t
ancy
p
er
d
oll
ar
spen
t
on
h
ea
l
th
expe
nd
it
ur
e.
Disabi
lit
y
or
disabi
lit
y
-
fre
e
li
fe
exp
ec
t
ancy
ca
n
rise
a
t
certai
n
degr
ee
among
Malay
s
ia
n
.
The
gene
r
al
pub
li
c
do
not
know
whethe
r
longe
v
ity
will
expose
a
per
son
to
a
gre
ater
per
iod
s
pend
in
disability
sta
te
or
not
.
T
her
efo
re
,
th
is
pa
per
pre
sents
hea
l
th
y
l
ife
ex
pec
t
ancy
vs.
hea
l
th
expe
ndi
tu
re
b
y
Sulli
v
an
m
et
hod
in
Malay
s
ia
to
pro
vide
furth
er
und
ersta
nding
of
m
orbidi
t
y
r
at
e
for
Malay
s
ia
n
popula
ti
on
du
e
to
longe
v
ity
.
T
his
pape
r
ca
l
culate
s
the
disab
il
i
t
y
-
fr
ee
l
if
e
expe
c
ta
nc
y
for
Malay
s
ia
n
popu
la
ti
on
which
th
en
will
be
used
in
coun
t
r
y
compari
son.
Re
l
at
ionship
b
et
we
en
disability
-
f
re
e
li
f
e
expe
c
ta
n
c
y
and
he
al
th
expe
ndi
ture
wil
l
be
studie
d.
Sulli
van
m
et
ho
d
will
be
appl
ie
d
in
the
ca
l
cul
a
ti
on
b
y
us
ing
a
per
iod
l
ife
ta
bl
e
base
d
on
a
ge
and
gend
er
gr
oups.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Ex
pectancy
Ex
penditure
Healt
h
e
xp
e
ndi
ture
Healt
hy li
fe e
xpect
ancy
Su
ll
ivan
m
et
ho
d
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
righ
ts
reserv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Muh
am
m
ad
H
akeem
O
m
ar,
Faculty
of Com
pu
te
r
an
d
Ma
them
a
ti
cal
Scie
nce,
Un
i
ver
sit
i Te
knol
og
i M
ARA
(U
iTM
)
,
40450 S
hah A
l
a
m
, S
el
ango
r Dar
ul E
hs
a
n,
Ma
la
ysi
a.
Em
a
il
: hak
eem
_o
m
ar93@yah
oo.co
m
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
This
pa
pe
r
pre
sents
h
eal
thy
l
ife
ex
pectancy
vs
.
healt
h
e
xpend
it
ure
by
Sul
li
van
m
et
ho
d
in
Ma
la
ysi
a
to
prov
i
de
furt
her
un
der
sta
nding
of
m
or
bi
dity
rate
f
or
Ma
la
ysi
an
popula
ti
on
due
to
lo
ng
e
vity
.
T
his
pap
e
r
cal
culat
es
the
disabili
ty
-
fr
ee
li
fe
ex
pectanc
y
of
ca
nce
r
patie
nts
f
or
Ma
la
ysi
an
po
pu
la
ti
on
w
hich
the
n
will
be
us
e
d
in
countr
y
co
m
par
iso
n.
The
relat
ionshi
p
betwee
n
disa
bili
ty
-
fr
ee
li
fe
exp
ect
a
ncy
an
d
healt
h
ex
pe
ndit
ur
e
will
b
e st
ud
ie
d.
Ca
ncer
is
one
of
t
he
le
adi
ng
cause
of
deat
h
cat
eg
or
ise
d
unde
r
36
c
riti
cal
il
lness
in
Ma
la
ysi
a
a
nd
m
any
par
ts
of
the
world.
In
2007
unti
l
20
11
there
are
103,507
ne
w
cas
es
of
cance
r
in
Ma
la
ysi
a
wh
ic
h
is
46,79
4
(
45.
2%
)
we
re
m
al
es
and
56,
713
(
54.
8%)
we
re
fem
al
es.
The
pr
obabili
ty
of
Ma
la
ysi
an
to
be
dia
gnos
e
d
with
ca
ncer
be
fore
a
ge
of
75
is
one
over
f
our
.
I
n
m
edical
sect
or
,
the
est
im
at
ion
of
ca
nc
er
diag
no
sis
ra
te
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Hea
lt
hy
li
fe
expecta
ncy V
S he
alth ex
penditur
e b
y
su
ll
iv
an
m
et
hod
in
M
ala
y
sia
(
M
uh
ammad Ha
kee
m O
m
ar
)
403
cru
ci
al
to
pla
n
ef
fici
ently
possible
tre
at
m
ent
in
e
nsuri
ng
op
ti
m
al
cost
and
be
nef
it
al
locat
ion
of
r
el
at
ed
proce
dure
or tr
eatm
ent.
[1]
Ba
sed
on
the
Dep
a
rtm
ent
of
Stat
ist
ic
s
Ma
l
ay
sia
,
the
m
or
ta
li
ty
of
popula
ti
on
Ma
la
ysi
an
in
2011
are
exp
ect
e
d
t
o
li
ve
up
t
o
from
74
.
3
ye
ars
to
74.
8
ye
ars
in
2017
w
her
e
the
ex
pected
are
increase
by
0.5
ye
ar
s
.
The
li
fe
ex
pec
ta
ncy
for
m
al
e
is
72
.
7
ye
ars
and
77.
4
ye
ars
for
fem
al
e.
An
increa
se
in
li
fe
exp
e
ct
ancy
will
increase
t
he
longe
vity
risk
for
a
Ma
la
ysi
a
popula
ti
on
s
ince
there
wil
l
be
uncertai
nt
y
of
m
or
bid
it
y
risk
associat
ed
wit
h
li
vin
g
lo
nger
fo
r
a
cance
r
pa
ti
ents.
Longe
vity
m
a
y
giv
e
i
m
pact
to
cancer
patie
nts’
s
urvi
val
patte
rn
wh
e
re
a
cancer
pati
e
nt
m
ay
s
ta
y
lon
ge
r
up
to
the
cur
re
nt
sta
ge
wh
ic
h
is
canc
er
patie
nt
will
su
ff
e
r
longer
t
han
e
xpect
ed
or
t
hey
m
igh
t
recove
r
from
cur
re
nt
sta
ge
an
d
ha
ve
a
healt
hy
li
fe.
W
it
h
this
ass
um
pt
ion
bo
t
h
m
or
bid
it
y
and
m
or
ta
li
ty
com
po
nen
ts
ne
ed
to
be
stu
di
ed
f
ur
the
r
i
n
unde
rstan
ding
the
patte
r
n
of
he
al
th
sta
tus of ca
nce
r pati
ent
[
2]
[3]
.
Ma
la
ysi
a
has
sp
e
nt
RM
8,
190
m
illi
on
in
1997
to
RM
49,
73
1
m
il
l
ion
in
2014
f
or
total
healt
h
exp
e
ndit
ur
e
a
nd
with
t
he
sam
e
per
i
od
of
ra
nge
the
Gross
D
om
est
ic
Pr
od
uc
t
wer
e
f
r
om
2.
91
pe
r
ce
nt
to
4.49
per
ce
nt
of
G
DP
.
T
he
pe
r
c
apita
sp
en
ding
on
Ma
la
ysi
a
popula
ti
on
hea
lt
h
wer
e
RM
642
sta
rti
ng
in
1997
to
RM
1,
625
i
n 2
014
[
4]
.
Healt
h
sta
tus
c
an
cha
nge
ov
e
r
the
ye
ars
f
or
s
om
e
causes
suc
h
as
the
r
ole
of
healt
h
-
relat
ed
be
ha
viou
r
in
m
edical
car
e
sp
en
ding
,
r
ole
of
c
hro
nic
di
sease
an
d
so
ci
oecon
om
ic
stat
us
w
he
re
the
c
hange
in
ec
on
om
ic
sta
tus
can
af
fe
ct
the
healt
h
in
vestm
ent
by
in
div
id
ual
to
al
locat
e
healt
h
c
os
t.
T
his
pap
e
r
aim
s
to
est
i
m
at
e
the
relat
ion
s
hip be
tween t
h
e
healt
hy li
fe e
xp
ect
a
ncy an
d healt
h
exp
e
ndit
ur
e
for p
opulati
on in
Ma
la
ysi
a
[5]
[6]
.
This
stu
dy
involve
d
popula
ti
on
in
Ma
la
ysi
a.
The
data
w
ere
obta
in
bas
ed
on
the
age
group
a
nd
gende
r.
Data
has
bee
n
c
ollec
te
d
f
ro
m
Nat
ion
al
Ca
ncer
I
ns
ti
tute
an
d
M
al
ay
sia
Nati
ona
l
Healt
h
Acc
ounts.
Su
ll
ivan
m
et
ho
d
we
re
us
e
d
in
this
stu
dy
to
cal
culat
e
the
nu
m
ber
of
ye
ar
of
pe
rs
on
e
xp
ect
e
d
to
li
ve
in
th
e
healt
hy
sta
te
for
a
pa
rtic
ul
ar
tim
e.
More
ov
e
r,
t
he
rela
ti
on
s
hip
of
he
al
thy
li
fe
exp
ect
ancy
an
d
healt
h
exp
e
ndit
ur
e
wi
ll
be
te
ste
d.
R
e
su
lt
in
t
his
st
udy
shows
that
Ma
la
ysi
a
popula
ti
on
li
fe
e
xpe
ct
ancy
an
d
dis
abili
ty
-
fr
ee
li
fe
ex
pect
ancy
for
cance
r
patie
nts
has
i
ncr
ease
t
hroug
hout
ye
ar
2007
un
ti
l
2011,
ho
wev
e
r
the
pr
opor
ti
on
com
par
ison
be
tween
li
fe
e
xp
ect
ancy
an
d
di
sabili
ty
-
fr
ee
li
fe
ex
pe
ct
a
ncy
for
Ma
la
ysi
a
popula
ti
on
w
it
ho
ut
cancer
we
re
de
crease
for
m
ajorit
y
gro
up
of
a
ge
t
hro
ughout
ye
ar
2007
un
ti
l
20
11,
even
th
ough
healt
h
exp
e
ndit
ur
e
spend pe
r
ca
pita i
n
Ma
la
ysi
a inc
rease yea
r
b
y y
ear.
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
2.1.
D
ata C
ollec
tion
Data
c
ollec
ti
o
n
is
a
process
to
determ
ining
ty
pe
of
va
riables
to
help
in
re
spo
nd
i
ng
the
stu
dy
qu
e
sti
on
s
a
nd
achievin
g
the
purposes
.
All
the
data
we
r
e
colle
ct
ed
from
Nati
on
al
Ca
ncer
In
sti
tu
te
and
Ma
la
ysi
a
Natio
nal
He
al
th
A
ccounts
on
Ma
la
ysi
a
po
pula
ti
on
base
d
on
age
of
gr
ou
p
an
d
ge
nd
e
r
th
rou
ghout
from
ye
ar 2
007
unti
l 20
11 which is 5
yea
rs
durati
on, and
f
or
m
ag
e g
rou
p
of
f
i
ve
ye
ar age inte
rv
al
starti
ng
a
ge
of b
irt
h un
ti
l
80 yea
rs
o
l
d
a
nd abov
e
.
2.2.
Sull
iv
an
Metho
d
Su
ll
ivan
’s
m
eth
od
ca
n
be
use
d
to
cal
c
ula
te
li
fe
exp
ect
a
nc
y
w
her
e
t
he
li
fe
exp
ect
a
nc
y
can
be
cat
egories
as
l
eng
t
hs
of
ti
m
e
sp
e
nt
in
diff
e
re
nt
sta
te
of
heal
th
unti
l
death
.
Su
ll
ivan
m
et
ho
d
healt
h
ex
pect
ancy
can
s
how
the
current
healt
h
for
a
real
popula
ti
on
that
ha
s
bee
n
ad
justed
f
or
i
nd
e
pe
ndent
age
str
uctu
re
a
nd
mo
rtal
i
ty
le
vel
s.
S
ulli
van
re
quire
d
data
of
a
ge
-
s
pecific
pre
valence
or
pro
portio
ns
of
po
pu
la
ti
on
th
at
wer
e
in
healt
hy
a
nd
un
healt
hy
sta
te
s.
Othe
r
data
a
r
e
nee
de
d
f
or
c
al
culat
ion
is
a
ge
-
s
pecific
m
or
ta
li
ty
that
are
ta
ke
n
from
a
per
iod
li
fe
ta
ble.
H
oweve
r,
S
ull
iva
n
m
et
ho
d
does
no
t
se
ns
it
ive
with
siz
e
of
a
ge
gro
up,
the
r
efore
an
abr
i
dg
e
d
li
fe
ta
ble
m
ay
be
us
e
d
[
7
-
8
]
.
Aft
er
the
cal
c
ulati
on
of
li
fe
e
xpect
ancy
for
popula
ti
on
,
th
e
dat
a
require
d
th
e
disabili
ty
Healt
hy
li
fe
ex
pectan
cy
is
fou
nd
by
par
ti
ti
on
i
ng
th
e
pe
rsons
ye
ars
li
ved
at
that
a
ge
in
t
o
tho
se
li
ve
d
wi
th
cance
r
or
without
ca
ncer.
By
assum
ing
the
Ca
nce
r
-
free
(CF)
an
d
Ca
ncer
(C)
t
he
n
th
e
Ca
ncer
-
Fr
ee
Li
fe
Ex
pectancy
at
age
x
(CFL
E)
an
d
Ca
ncer
Life
Ex
pectanc
y
at
age
x
(CLE)
are
de
fine
d
by
[
7
-
8
]
:
=
1
ℓ
∑
=
(
)
(1)
=
1
ℓ
∑
=
(
)
(2)
Wh
e
re
(CF)
a
nd
(C)
is
de
fine
d
as
a
nu
m
ber
of
pe
rs
on
ye
ar
s
li
ved
f
ro
m
the
age
x
on
wards
i
n
the
Ca
nc
er
-
fr
ee
a
nd
Ca
nc
er
res
pecti
vely
.
Su
ll
iv
a
n
m
eth
od
ca
n
ap
pro
xim
a
te
the
hea
lt
hy
exp
ect
a
nc
y
with
the
hy
pothesis
that
[
7
-
8
]
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
14
, N
o.
1
,
A
pr
il
2019
:
402
–
406
404
(
)
=
, whe
re i =
0 u
ntil
ω
is t
he pre
vale
nc
e of
per
s
on in
Cancer
at a
ge i
. Thus f
or
x
=
0 un
ti
l ω:
=
1
ℓ
∑
(
1
−
)
=
(3)
=
1
ℓ
∑
(
)
=
(4)
3.
RESU
LT
S
AND A
N
ALYSIS
3.1.
To
ta
l L
if
e Expec
tancy
Table
1
s
how
the
resu
lt
t
hat
i
nd
ic
at
e
m
a
le
and
fem
al
e
popula
ti
on
li
fe
e
xpect
ancy
incr
ea
se
f
ro
m
ye
ar
2007
unti
l
2011
for
each
gro
up
of
a
ge
wh
e
re
po
pu
la
t
ion
gr
oup
age
80
an
d
ab
ov
e
has
the
lowe
st
li
fe
exp
ect
a
ncy.
F
or
li
fe
ex
pectancy
without
cancer
f
or
m
al
e
and
fem
al
e
p
opulati
on
has
increase
ye
ar
by
ye
a
r
wh
e
re
gro
up
of
ag
e
f
ro
m
bir
th
has
the
highest
e
xp
ect
a
nc
y
com
par
e
to
gro
up
of
a
ge
80
ye
ars
a
nd
above
.
Plea
se
ref
e
r
ap
pendix
for
f
urt
her
detai
ls
of
l
ife
ex
pectancy
and
ca
ncer
-
f
r
ee
li
fe
exp
ect
a
ncy
each
ye
ar
from
2007
un
ti
l 2
01
1.
Table
1.
Li
fe E
xp
ect
a
n
cy
(
e
x
) a
nd Cance
r
-
fr
e
e Life E
xpect
ancy (
CF
LEx
)
i
n Year
20
07 and
2011
Male
Fe
m
ale
2007
2011
2007
2011
Ag
e
e
x
CFLEx
e
x
CFLEx
e
x
CFLEx
e
x
CFLEx
0
7
0
.18
0
7
0
.09
0
7
1
.97
0
7
1
.86
9
7
4
.75
0
7
4
.63
3
7
7
.05
0
7
6
.92
9
1
-
4
6
9
.61
0
6
9
.51
4
7
1
.34
0
7
1
.23
3
7
4
.11
0
7
3
.99
8
7
6
.3
70
7
6
.24
9
5
-
9
6
5
.73
0
6
5
.63
2
6
7
.42
0
6
7
.31
5
7
0
.21
0
7
0
.09
9
7
2
.45
0
7
2
.32
6
10
-
14
6
0
.82
0
6
0
.73
0
6
2
.49
0
6
2
.38
6
6
5
.30
0
6
5
.18
5
6
7
.51
0
6
7
.38
4
15
-
19
5
5
.94
0
5
5
.84
6
5
7
.58
0
5
7
.48
1
6
0
.38
0
6
0
.26
8
6
2
.57
0
6
2
.44
8
20
-
24
5
1
.23
0
5
1
.13
9
5
2
.87
0
5
2
.77
3
5
5
.50
0
5
5
.38
6
5
7
.67
0
57.
543
25
-
29
4
6
.59
0
4
6
.49
6
4
8
.19
0
4
8
.08
5
5
0
.63
0
5
0
.51
8
5
2
.79
0
5
2
.66
2
30
-
34
4
1
.99
0
4
1
.89
9
4
3
.50
0
4
3
.39
5
4
5
.78
0
4
5
.66
4
4
7
.92
0
4
7
.79
7
35
-
39
3
7
.50
0
3
7
.40
9
3
8
.87
0
3
8
.76
4
4
0
.96
0
4
0
.85
2
4
3
.06
0
4
2
.94
0
40
-
44
3
3
.04
0
3
2
.94
4
3
4
.30
0
3
4
.20
4
3
6
.20
0
3
6
.09
3
3
8
.25
0
3
8
.13
6
45
-
49
2
8
.61
0
2
8
.51
9
2
9
.81
0
2
9
.71
2
3
1
.52
0
3
1
.41
5
3
3
.52
0
3
3
.40
8
50
-
54
2
4
.31
0
2
4
.21
5
2
5
.48
0
2
5
.37
8
2
6
.98
0
2
6
.88
0
2
8
.90
0
2
8
.80
0
55
-
59
2
0
.17
0
2
0
.08
5
2
1
.38
0
2
1
.28
8
2
2
.56
0
2
2
.48
0
2
4
.44
0
2
4
.34
7
60
-
64
1
6
.32
0
1
6
.24
3
1
7
.49
0
1
7
.39
8
1
8
.39
0
1
8
.31
4
2
0
.18
0
2
0
.09
6
65
-
69
1
2
.93
0
1
2
.86
2
1
3
.94
0
1
3
.86
0
1
4
.54
0
1
4
.47
6
1
6
.22
0
1
6
.15
1
70
-
74
9
.90
0
9
.83
8
1
0
.71
0
1
0
.64
7
1
1
.11
0
1
1
.06
3
1
2
.51
0
1
2
.45
3
75
-
79
7
.48
0
7
.43
7
8
.11
0
8
.05
6
8
.18
0
8
.14
7
9
.38
0
9
.33
7
80+
5
.49
0
5
.45
9
5
.86
0
5
.82
2
6
.15
0
6
.12
9
6
.79
0
6
.76
0
3.2.
Pr
oporti
on
o
f
Li
fe
Spe
nt
w
ith
out
Cancer
This
sect
io
n
s
hows
res
ult
of
pro
portio
n
com
par
is
on
betwe
e
n
li
fe
ex
pecta
nc
y
and
disabili
ty
-
fr
ee
li
fe
exp
ect
a
ncy
of
cancer
patie
nts.
Fig
ure
1
s
ho
ws
t
hat
m
al
e
po
pula
ti
on
has
decr
easi
ng
of
pro
portion
of
li
fe
s
pen
t
with
ca
ncer
-
f
r
ee
thr
ough
o
ut
ye
ar
20
07
to
2011.
H
owev
er
the
re
is
i
nc
reasin
g
in
pr
oport
io
n
of
li
fe
sp
e
nt
without
ca
ncer
f
or
a
ge
40
t
o
44
an
d
70
to
74.
O
n
the
ot
he
r
hand,
Fig
ur
e
2
s
how
f
or
fe
m
al
e
po
pula
ti
on
hav
e
the
sam
e
scenario
w
her
e
the
pro
portion
of
l
ife
sp
ent
cance
r
-
fr
ee
dec
reas
e
fr
om
ye
ar
20
07
unti
l
20
11
e
xcep
t
for
a
ge 50 t
o 5
4
a
nd 65 t
o 69
Figure
1. Com
par
is
on pr
opor
t
ion
of li
fe spe
nt
Figure
2. Com
par
is
on pr
opor
t
ion
of li
fe spe
nt
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Hea
lt
hy
li
fe
expecta
ncy V
S he
alth ex
penditur
e b
y
su
ll
iv
an
m
et
hod
in
M
ala
y
sia
(
M
uh
ammad Ha
kee
m O
m
ar
)
405
without ca
ncer f
or
m
al
e in year
2007 a
nd 20
11
without ca
ncer f
or
fem
al
e in year 20
07 and
2011
3.3.
He
alth E
xp
en
diture
Figure
3
show
the
sp
e
nd
i
ng
on
healt
h
per
ca
pita
for
Ma
la
ysi
a
popu
la
ti
on
in
ye
ars
19
97
t
o
20
14.
Th
e
gr
a
ph
s
how
i
n
1997
Ma
la
ysi
a
sp
e
nd
RM
64
2
per
ca
pita
a
nd
the
s
pe
nd
i
ng
inc
reasin
g
t
o
RM
1,
625
i
n
ye
ars
2014.
Mi
nistry
of
Healt
h
Ma
la
ysi
a
sta
te
d
that
they
has
sp
e
nt
RM
8,
190
m
i
ll
ion
for
total
he
al
th
exp
e
ndit
ur
e
in
ye
ar
1997
t
o
RM
49
,
73
1
m
i
ll
ion
in
2014.T
o
f
ollo
w
the
ti
m
efr
am
e
of
this
stu
dy,
the
s
pe
nd
i
ng
on
heal
th
pe
r
capit
a
in
20
07
was
RM
1,
12
5,
in
20
08
was
RM
1,
12
0
,
in
2009
wa
s
RM
1,
268,
i
n
20
10
wa
s
RM
1,
347
a
nd
2011
w
as
RM
1,
363.
T
he
tot
al
healt
h
e
xp
e
ndit
ur
e
i
n
Ma
la
ysi
a
with
the
s
a
m
e
per
io
d
of
tim
e
was
RM
25
,
921,
RM
28
,
84
3,
R
M31
,
06
0, RM
35, 231 a
nd R
M38
,
20
6 res
pe
ct
ively
.
Figure
3.
G
raph
of
pe
r
ca
pita
sp
e
nd
i
ng
on
he
al
th,
19
97
-
201
4 (co
ns
ta
nt,
R
M)
[
4]
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
This
pa
pe
r
pr
esented
healt
hy
li
fe
exp
ect
a
ncy
ve
rsu
s
he
al
th
exp
e
ndit
ure
by
S
ulli
van
m
et
ho
d
in
Ma
la
ysi
a
.
Fr
om
the
resu
lt
s,
it
sh
ow
that’
s
Ma
la
ysi
a
po
pu
la
ti
on
li
fe
exp
ect
a
ncy
an
d
disabili
ty
-
fr
ee
li
fe
exp
ect
a
ncy
ha
s
increase
th
r
oughout
ye
ar
2007
unti
l
2011
w
hich
pr
oved
t
hat
Ma
la
ysi
a
has
healt
hy
li
fe,
howe
ver
the
pro
portio
ns
c
om
par
ison
betw
een
li
fe
e
xpect
ancy
an
d
disa
bili
ty
-
fr
ee
li
fe
exp
ect
a
ncy
of
cance
r
patie
nts
in
Ma
la
ysi
a
has
decr
ease
fr
om
ye
ar
to
ye
ar
wh
ic
h
le
ad
to
wh
ere
Ma
la
ysi
an
ca
ncer
patie
nts
sp
en
d
m
or
e
of
t
heir
li
fe
in
disa
bili
ty
sta
te
.
In
c
oncl
us
i
on,
e
ven
thou
gh
Ma
la
ysi
a
has
inc
re
ase
their
s
pe
ndin
g
on
healt
h
per
ca
pi
ta
from
ye
ar
to
ye
ar
ne
ver
t
heless
th
e
pro
portio
n
c
om
par
iso
n
betwee
n
li
fe
ex
pecta
nc
y
and
disabili
ty
-
fr
ee
li
fe expecta
ncy
of cance
r pati
ents in
Mal
ay
sia
has
d
ec
rease.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
A.
M.
Aziz
ah,
I
.
T.
Nor
Sale
ha,
A.
Noor
Hashim
ah,
Z.
A.
As
ma
h,
and
W
.
Mastulu,
“
Malay
sian
Nati
onal
Cance
r
Regi
str
y
Repor
t
2007
-
2011,
Ma
lay
s
ia
C
anc
e
r
St
at
isti
cs,
Dat
a
an
d
Figure,
”
Natl
.
Cance
r
Instit
u
e
,
vol.
16,
p
.
203
,
2016.
[2]
Depa
rtment
of
Stat
isti
cs
Malays
ia
,
“
Depa
rtmen
t
of
Stat
isti
cs
Malay
s
ia
Press
Rel
ea
se
Abrid
ged
Li
fe
Ta
b
les
,
Malay
s
ia , 2015
-
2017,
”
2017
.
[3]
S.
Sam
suddin
an
d
N.
Is
m
ai
l,
“
Tra
nsiti
on
proba
bi
l
it
ie
s
of
hea
l
th
s
ta
te
s
for
workers
in
Malay
s
ia
usin
g
a
Markov
cha
in
m
odel
,
”
AIP Co
nf.
Proc.
,
vo
l. 18
30,
2017
.
[4]
Ministr
y
of
He
a
lt
h
Malay
si
a,
“
Malay
s
ia
Na
ti
on
al
Hea
lt
h
Acc
ou
nts:
Hea
lt
h
Exp
endi
tur
e
Report
1997
-
2014,
”
v
ol.
16,
2014
.
[5]
S.
N.
Shair
,
A.
Y.
Yus
of,
an
d
N.
H.
As
m
uni,
“
Eva
luation
of
the
prod
uct
ra
t
io
coh
ere
nt
m
odel
in
fore
ca
sti
ng
m
orta
li
t
y
ra
t
es
a
nd
li
f
e expe
c
ta
n
c
y
a
t
b
irt
hs b
y
St
at
es,
”
AIP Conf
.
Proc.
,
vol
.
1842
,
2017.
[6]
S.
Shair,
S.
Purc
al
,
and
N.
Parr
,
“
Eva
lua
t
ing
Extensions
to
Cohe
re
nt
Morta
li
t
y
F
ore
ca
st
i
ng
Mode
ls,
”
R
isks
,
vol
.
5
,
no.
1
,
p
.
16
,
201
7.
[7]
C.
Jagge
r
,
H.
Va
n
O
y
en
,
and
J.
R
obine
,
Hea
lt
h
Expec
tan
cy
Cal
culation
by
the
Su
llivan
Me
thod:
A
Pract
i
cal
Guide
,
no.
Octob
er.
201
4.
[8]
E.
Haue
t
and
N
.
Brouar
d,
“
Hea
lt
h
Expect
ancy
Cal
culat
ion
b
y
t
he
Sulli
va
n
Me
t
hod:
A
Prac
ti
c
al
Guide
Europea
n
Conce
rt
ed
Ac
ti
o
n
on
th
e
Harm
on
iz
a
ti
on
of
Hea
lt
h
Expect
an
c
y
C
alculations
in
Eur
ope
(EURO
-
RE
VES),”
2001
.
A
P
PE
ND
I
X
Table
1
.
Propo
rtion o
f
Life
S
pen
t
With
out
Ca
nc
er
f
or
Mal
e (M)
and
Fe
m
al
e (F
)
in
Ma
la
ysi
a Popu
la
ti
on
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Ag
e
Prop
o
rtion
of
lif
e
sp
en
t cancer
-
f
ree
Prop
o
rtion
of
lif
e
sp
en
t cancer
-
f
ree
Prop
o
rtion
of
lif
e
sp
en
t cancer
-
f
ree
Prop
o
rtion
of
lif
e
sp
en
t cancer
-
f
ree
Prop
o
rtion
of
lif
e
sp
en
t cancer
-
f
ree
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
F
0
9
9
.87
9
9
.84
9
9
.87
9
9
.84
9
9
.86
9
9
.85
9
9
.86
9
9
.84
9
9
.86
9
9
.84
1
-
4
9
9
.86
9
9
.85
9
9
.86
9
9
.84
9
9
.86
9
9
.85
9
9
.85
9
9
.84
9
9
.85
9
9
.84
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
14
, N
o.
1
,
A
pr
il
2019
:
402
–
406
406
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Ag
e
Prop
o
rtion
of
lif
e
sp
en
t cancer
-
f
ree
Prop
o
rtion
of
lif
e
sp
en
t cancer
-
f
ree
Prop
o
rtion
of
lif
e
sp
en
t cancer
-
f
ree
Prop
o
rtion
of
lif
e
sp
en
t cancer
-
f
ree
Prop
o
rtion
of
lif
e
sp
en
t cancer
-
f
ree
5
-
9
9
9
.85
9
9
.84
9
9
.86
9
9
.84
9
9
.84
9
9
.84
9
9
.84
9
9
.83
9
9
.84
9
9
.83
10
-
14
9
9
.85
9
9
.82
9
9
.85
99
.83
9
9
.84
9
9
.81
9
9
.84
9
9
.81
9
9
.83
9
9
.81
15
-
19
9
9
.83
9
9
.81
9
9
.83
9
9
.80
9
9
.82
9
9
.80
9
9
.82
9
9
.80
9
9
.83
9
9
.81
20
-
24
9
9
.82
9
9
.80
9
9
.82
9
9
.79
9
9
.81
9
9
.79
9
9
.80
9
9
.78
9
9
.82
9
9
.78
25
-
29
9
9
.80
9
9
.78
9
9
.79
9
9
.77
9
9
.80
9
9
.76
9
9
.78
9
9
.78
9
9
.78
9
9
.76
30
-
34
9
9
.78
99
.75
9
9
.79
9
9
.75
9
9
.76
9
9
.75
9
9
.77
9
9
.75
9
9
.76
9
9
.74
35
-
39
9
9
.76
9
9
.74
9
9
.74
9
9
.72
9
9
.75
9
9
.72
9
9
.73
9
9
.71
9
9
.73
9
9
.72
40
-
44
9
9
.71
9
9
.70
9
9
.72
9
9
.71
9
9
.72
9
9
.69
9
9
.71
9
9
.71
9
9
.72
9
9
.70
45
-
49
9
9
.68
9
9
.67
9
9
.66
9
9
.66
9
9
.67
9
9
.66
9
9
.67
9
9
.67
9
9
.67
9
9
.67
50
-
54
9
9
.61
9
9
.63
9
9
.63
9
9
.66
9
9
.63
9
9
.63
9
9
.62
9
9
.66
9
9
.60
9
9
.65
55
-
59
9
9
.58
9
9
.65
9
9
.56
9
9
.64
9
9
.56
9
9
.63
9
9
.55
9
9
.61
9
9
.57
9
9
.62
60
-
64
9
9
.53
9
9
.59
9
9
.52
9
9
.61
9
9
.51
9
9
.59
9
9
.51
9
9
.59
9
9
.48
9
9
.58
65
-
69
9
9
.47
9
9
.56
9
9
.46
9
9
.58
9
9
.40
9
9
.58
9
9
.43
9
9
.59
99.
43
9
9
.57
70
-
74
9
9
.38
9
9
.58
9
9
.39
9
9
.59
9
9
.38
9
9
.55
9
9
.43
9
9
.61
9
9
.41
9
9
.55
75
-
79
9
9
.43
9
9
.60
9
9
.39
9
9
.63
9
9
.41
9
9
.61
9
9
.37
9
9
.61
9
9
.34
9
9
.54
80+
9
9
.44
9
9
.65
9
9
.34
9
9
.62
9
9
.47
9
9
.57
9
9
.47
9
9
.54
9
9
.35
9
9
.56
No
te
:
Nu
m
ber
of incide
nce
pe
r 100,
000 p
opul
at
io
n.
Table
2
.
Li
fe E
xp
ect
a
ncy a
nd
Ca
ncer
-
f
ree Li
fe E
xp
ect
a
ncy
for
Ma
le
in
Mal
ay
sia
Po
pula
ti
on
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Ag
e
Lif
e
ex
p
ectancy
Can
cer
-
f
ree
lif
e
ex
p
ectancy
Lif
e
ex
p
ectancy
Can
cer
-
f
ree
lif
e
ex
p
ectancy
Lif
e
ex
p
ectancy
Can
cer
-
f
ree
lif
e
ex
p
ectan
cy
Lif
e
ex
p
ectancy
Can
cer
-
f
ree
lif
e
ex
p
ectancy
Lif
e
ex
p
ectancy
Can
cer
-
f
ree
lif
e
ex
p
ectancy
0
7
0
.18
0
0
7
0
.08
9
8
7
0
.20
7
0
.11
7
1
.64
7
1
.54
7
1
.68
7
1
.58
7
1
.97
7
1
.87
1
-
4
6
9
.61
0
0
6
9
.51
4
0
6
9
.65
6
9
.55
7
0
.92
7
0
.82
7
1
.05
7
0
.95
7
1
.34
7
1
.23
5
-
9
6
5
.73
0
0
6
5
.63
2
1
6
5
.76
6
5
.66
6
7
.02
6
6
.91
6
7
.14
6
7
.04
6
7
.42
6
7
.31
10
-
14
6
0
.82
0
0
6
0
.72
9
9
6
0
.85
6
0
.76
6
2
.09
6
1
.99
6
2
.21
6
2
.11
6
2
.49
6
2
.39
15
-
19
5
5
.94
0
0
5
5
.84
5
7
5
5
.97
5
5
.88
5
7
.20
5
7
.10
5
7
.32
5
7
.22
5
7
.58
5
7
.48
20
-
24
5
1
.23
0
0
5
1
.13
8
6
5
1
.27
5
1
.18
5
2
.42
5
2
.32
5
2
.62
5
2
.51
5
2
.87
5
2
.77
25
-
29
4
6
.59
0
0
4
6
.49
6
0
4
6
.64
4
6
.54
4
7
.73
4
7
.63
4
7
.95
4
7
.85
4
8
.19
4
8
.09
30
-
34
4
1
.99
0
0
4
1
.89
9
3
4
2
.01
4
1
.92
4
3
.06
4
2
.96
4
3
.27
4
3
.17
4
3
.50
4
3
.39
35
-
39
3
7
.50
0
0
3
7
.40
8
7
3
7
.54
3
7
.44
3
8
.46
3
8
.36
3
8
.67
3
8
.57
3
8
.87
3
8
.76
40
-
44
3
3
.04
0
0
3
2
.94
4
1
3
3
.10
3
3
.01
3
3
.93
33
.83
3
4
.13
3
4
.03
3
4
.30
3
4
.20
45
-
49
2
8
.61
0
0
2
8
.51
8
8
2
8
.68
2
8
.58
2
9
.46
2
9
.36
2
9
.65
2
9
.55
2
9
.81
2
9
.71
50
-
54
2
4
.31
0
0
2
4
.21
4
9
2
4
.39
2
4
.30
2
5
.16
2
5
.07
2
5
.35
2
5
.25
2
5
.48
2
5
.38
55
-
59
2
0
.17
0
0
2
0
.08
5
4
2
0
.30
2
0
.21
2
1
.07
2
0
.98
2
1
.27
2
1
.17
2
1
.38
2
1
.29
60
-
64
1
6
.32
0
0
1
6
.24
2
7
1
6
.45
1
6
.37
1
7
.19
1
7
.11
1
7
.38
1
7
.30
1
7
.49
1
7
.40
65
-
69
1
2
.93
0
0
1
2
.86
1
7
1
3
.08
1
3
.01
1
3
.71
1
3
.63
1
3
.89
1
3
.81
1
3
.94
1
3
.86
70
-
74
9
.90
0
0
9
.83
8
4
1
0
.03
9
.97
1
0
.54
1
0
.47
1
0
.67
1
0
.61
1
0
.71
1
0
.65
75
-
79
7
.48
0
0
7
.43
7
4
7
.54
7
.49
8
.06
8
.01
8
.14
8
.09
8
.11
8
.06
80+
5
.49
0
0
5
.45
9
2
5
.53
5
.49
5
.78
5
.75
5
.83
5
.80
5
.86
5
.82
No
te
:
Nu
m
ber
of incide
nce
pe
r 100,
000 p
opul
at
ion
.
Table
3
.
Li
fe E
xp
ect
a
ncy a
nd
Ca
ncer
-
f
ree Li
fe E
xp
ect
a
ncy
for
Fem
al
e in
Ma
la
ysi
a Po
pu
la
ti
on
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Ag
e
Lif
e
ex
p
e
ctan
cy
Can
cer
-
f
ree
lif
e
ex
p
ectancy
Lif
e
ex
p
ectancy
Can
cer
-
f
ree
lif
e
ex
p
ectancy
Lif
e
ex
p
ectancy
Can
cer
-
f
ree
lif
e
ex
p
ectancy
Lif
e
ex
p
ectancy
Can
cer
-
f
ree
lif
e
ex
p
ectancy
Lif
e
ex
p
ectancy
Can
cer
-
f
ree
lif
e
ex
p
ectancy
0
7
4
.75
0
0
7
4
.63
2
5
7
4
.78
7
4
.66
7
6
.49
76.
37
7
6
.78
7
6
.66
7
7
.05
7
6
.93
1
-
4
7
4
.11
0
0
7
3
.99
8
3
7
4
.17
7
4
.05
7
5
.80
7
5
.68
7
6
.10
7
5
.98
7
6
.37
7
6
.25
5
-
9
7
0
.21
0
0
7
0
.09
8
5
7
0
.27
7
0
.16
7
1
.89
7
1
.77
7
2
.19
7
2
.06
7
2
.45
7
2
.33
10
-
14
6
5
.30
0
0
6
5
.18
5
3
6
5
.34
6
5
.23
6
6
.96
6
6
.83
6
7
.25
6
7
.12
6
7
.51
6
7
.38
15
-
19
6
0
.38
0
0
6
0
.26
78
6
0
.42
6
0
.30
6
2
.03
6
1
.91
6
2
.32
6
2
.19
6
2
.57
6
2
.45
20
-
24
5
5
.50
0
0
5
5
.38
6
2
5
5
.54
5
5
.42
5
7
.13
5
7
.01
5
7
.42
5
7
.30
5
7
.67
5
7
.54
25
-
29
5
0
.63
0
0
5
0
.51
8
2
5
0
.67
5
0
.55
5
2
.26
5
2
.14
5
2
.54
5
2
.42
5
2
.79
5
2
.66
30
-
34
4
5
.78
0
0
4
5
.66
4
3
4
5
.82
4
5
.71
4
7
.39
4
7
.27
4
7
.68
4
7
.56
4
7
.9
2
4
7
.80
35
-
39
4
0
.96
0
0
4
0
.85
2
0
4
1
.01
4
0
.89
4
2
.55
4
2
.43
4
2
.84
4
2
.72
4
3
.06
4
2
.94
40
-
44
3
6
.20
0
0
3
6
.09
2
9
3
6
.25
3
6
.14
3
7
.75
3
7
.63
3
8
.03
3
7
.92
3
8
.25
3
8
.14
45
-
49
3
1
.52
0
0
3
1
.41
5
1
3
1
.57
3
1
.46
3
3
.03
3
2
.92
3
3
.31
3
3
.20
3
3
.52
3
3
.41
50
-
54
2
6
.98
0
0
2
6
.88
0
1
2
7
.02
2
6
.93
2
8
.44
2
8
.33
2
8
.71
2
8
.61
2
8
.90
2
8
.80
55
-
59
2
2
.56
0
0
2
2
.47
9
9
2
2
.64
2
2
.56
2
4
.01
2
3
.92
2
4
.29
2
4
.19
2
4
.44
2
4
.35
60
-
64
1
8
.39
0
0
1
8
.31
4
2
1
8
.49
1
8
.42
1
9
.76
1
9
.68
2
0
.03
1
9
.95
2
0
.18
2
0
.10
65
-
69
1
4
.54
0
0
1
4
.47
5
9
1
4
.68
1
4
.62
1
5
.81
1
5
.74
1
6
.08
1
6
.01
1
6
.22
1
6
.15
70
-
74
1
1
.11
0
0
1
1
.06
3
0
1
1
.18
1
1
.13
1
2
.17
1
2
.12
1
2
.40
1
2
.35
1
2
.51
1
2
.45
75
-
79
8
.18
0
0
8
.14
7
3
8
.29
8
.26
9
.11
9
.07
9
.31
9
.27
9
.38
9
.34
80+
6
.15
0
0
6
.12
8
8
6
.19
6
.17
6
.64
6
.61
6
.74
6
.71
6
.79
6
.76
No
te
:
Nu
m
ber
of incide
nce
pe
r 100,
000 p
opul
at
ion
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.