TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol. 12, No. 12, Decembe
r
2014, pp. 80
7
7
~ 808
4
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
12i12.66
77
8077
Re
cei
v
ed Ma
y 29, 201
4; Revi
sed Septe
m
ber
21, 201
4; Acce
pted
Octob
e
r 20, 2
014
New Ge
neration Solar PV Powered Sailing Boat Using
Boost Chopper
Soumy
a
Das
1
, Pradip Kumar Sadhu*
2
, Supra
v
a Chakrabo
r
t
y
2
, Nitai
Pal
2
, Gourav
Majumdar
3
1
Departme
n
t of Electrical En
gi
neer
ing, Un
iver
sit
y
In
stitute of T
e
chnolog
y, B
a
rdh
a
man, W
B
-713
104, Ind
i
a
2
Departme
n
t of Electrical En
gi
neer
ing, Ind
i
an
Sc
hool of Min
e
s, Dhan
ba
d, Jharkh
and-
82
60
04, India
3
Departem
ent of Electrical En
gin
eeri
ng, KIIT
Univers
i
t
y
, Bh
u
ban
es
w
a
r -7
51
024, Odish
a
, India
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: pradi
p_sa
d
h
u
@
y
a
hoo.co.i
n
A
b
st
r
a
ct
T
he obj
ective
of this pap
er is
to establish te
c
hnic
a
l an
d ec
ono
mical as
pe
cts of the appli
c
ation o
f
stand-a
l
on
e p
h
o
tovolta
i
c (PV)
system
in s
a
il
ing
bo
at
usi
n
g
boost c
hop
pe
r in or
der to
si
mp
lify the
pow
er
system an
d mi
ni
mi
z
e
the
cost
.
Perfor
manc
e and
co
ntrol
of
dc-dc c
onvert
e
r, suitab
le
for
photov
olta
ic (P
V)
app
licati
ons, is
prese
n
ted
her
e. T
h
is
conv
erter
is mai
n
ly bo
ost
converte
r f
eed
ing
a dc
lo
ad. How
e
ver, f
o
r
integr
ation
pur
pose
on
ly o
ne
ind
u
ctor
is s
u
fficient for
pow
e
r
convers
i
on
in
the co
nverter.
Here, th
e b
o
o
s
t
converter
extra
c
ts compl
e
te p
o
w
e
r from the
PV sourc
e
a
n
d
feeds
into
the
loa
d
. F
u
rther
more, the
PV
pa
ne
l
provi
des th
e e
ssentia
l pr
otection t
o
the
pass
eng
ers of
bo
at from the st
ra
i
ght su
nshi
ne
a
nd
also
fro
m
t
h
e
rainwater.
Ke
y
w
ords
:
solar sa
ili
ng b
oat (electric v
ehicl
e), DC-D
C
pow
er conv
ersio
n
(boost
chop
per), MOSF
ET
s,
voltag
e contro
l, PV
Copy
right
©
2014 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
Tran
sp
ort in
water
way
s
i
s
definitely o
ne of the m
o
st indi
sp
ensable life sust
enan
ce
feature
s
of t
he mo
dern
society; practi
cally all th
i
s
energy come
s fro
m
fossil
fuels, it
cre
a
tes
heavy ecolo
g
i
cal problem
s in all large cities. The
m
a
in solutio
n
of these prob
lems lie
s in the
prop
er u
s
e
o
f
the rene
wa
ble ene
rgy source
s, and
t
here
are m
a
ny plausi
b
le
example
s
of this
kind,
li
ke
sol
a
r po
wered sailing boat which
u
s
e
s
o
n
l
y
sola
r
ene
rg
y conve
r
ted
by Photo V
o
l
t
aic
Conve
r
ters (PVCs) a
nd feedin
g
a dc l
oad [1, 2].
It
is impo
rtant to gene
rate the pollution
-f
ree,
Eco frie
ndly
natural
ene
rg
y. Electricity gene
rat
ed f
r
o
m
photovoltai
c
(PV)
po
we
r system
s i
s
a
major
re
ne
wable ene
rgy sou
r
ce whi
c
h
involves
al
most ze
ro greenh
ou
se ga
s
e
m
ission
a
nd
doe
sn’t
con
s
ume a
n
y fossil fuel [3-5]. Photovoltaic
e
nergy i
s
an
e
fficient source of e
nergy: it is
rene
wa
ble, in
exhau
stible
a
nd p
o
llution
free, fo
r th
at,
it is m
o
re a
n
d
mo
re
ra
pidl
y been
u
s
e
d
as
an ene
rgy so
urce. In stan
dalon
e photo
v
oltaic gen
erator (PVG
), the gen
erated
energy is u
s
ed
either dire
ctly
or asso
ciate
d
wi
th
a
stora
ge in
battery
or in
an
ene
rgy re
se
rve, e
.
g. hydrauli
c
.
In
con
n
e
c
ted P
V
G, it may b
e
asso
ciated
with in
verte
r
s and voltage
step-up o
r
st
ep-d
o
wn sy
stems
(i.e. ch
opp
ers). A PVG with
good
efficien
cy ca
n b
e
carried
out if it consta
ntly con
v
erts maxim
u
m
available
sola
r p
o
we
r
all th
e time
even i
n
case of
rai
n
y day [6]. He
re this conve
r
ter i
s
essentia
lly
boo
st co
nvert
e
rs feedin
g
a
dc lo
ad.
Ho
wever,
on
a
c
cou
n
t of the i
n
tegratio
n th
ere i
s
o
n
ly o
n
e
indu
ctor i
s
su
fficient for po
wer
co
nversi
on in this
co
nverter. Here
,
the
boo
st converte
r extracts
compl
e
te po
wer from the
PV source an
d feeds into t
he load [7-9].
2. The Propo
sed Me
thod
Re
cent resea
r
ch
ha
s dealt
with most of
the
DC/
DC
converte
rs in
orde
r to find the mo
st
comp
atible type in term
s
of overall po
wer
syst
em efficien
cy. Schematic diag
ram
of
propo
sed
photovoltai
c
powere
d
saili
ng boat with
boost c
hop
per is
sho
w
n in Figure 1. Solar ene
rgy
conve
r
si
on in
to electri
c
al
p
o
we
r is
natu
r
ally per
fo
rme
d
by sol
a
r
cel
l
s [10, 11]. T
he PV gen
erator
transfe
rs the
desce
nde
nt solar ra
diation
to a
di
re
ct voltage
and
current. Th
ese
end
s provid
e a
boo
st cho
ppe
r. The load of
chop
per i
s
the sep
a
rately
exited motor [12].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 12, Decem
ber 20
14 : 8077 – 80
84
8078
Figure 1. Schematic
Diagram of PV powered Sailing Boat
Solar
panel
s are
rarely
conne
cted
to
the el
e
c
tri
c
al
equi
pment
dire
ctly, exce
pt grid
con
n
e
c
ted sy
stem. Powe
r gene
rated fro
m
the so
lar p
anel dep
end
s on the stren
g
th of the sun
light. Boost
converte
r i
s
p
r
oviding th
e n
e
ce
ssary
su
p
p
ly on th
e
su
nny day
as well a
s
clou
dy
day.
Output of the
motor al
so
conne
cted to
a
pro
pe
lle
r through
a coupl
er. On th
e ot
her
hand
ano
ther
side
of the m
o
tor shaft is
conne
cted
wit
h
a die
s
el ge
nerato
r
(DG
)
prime
m
o
ver throug
h
an
other
clutch coupl
e
r
. Wh
en
sola
r PV doe
s
no
t gene
rate n
e
c
e
s
sary p
o
wer the
n
p
r
e
s
sing the
co
upl
er
this
DG
prime mover is c
o
nnec
t
ed
with the
mot
o
r s
haft.
Moreover,
this DG generator
is
con
n
e
c
ted
as a b
a
cku
p
p
r
o
t
ection.
Co
st
comp
etitiv
e cover d
e
si
gn
with fluo
ride
s
in pla
c
e
of gl
ass
is
to be goo
d alternative
s
when co
nsi
deri
ng co
st
an
d
weig
ht re
du
ction of PV
mo
dule
s
[13,
14]
. If
the entire wei
ght of a
boat
is lo
we
r, the
energy is
de
sired
rea
s
o
n
a
b
ly less [15
-
1
7
]. Additionall
y
,
the PV pane
l provide
s
th
e ne
ce
ssary
she
ddin
g
to
the pa
ssen
gers of bo
at from the di
rect
sunli
ght and
also fro
m
the rain.
3. Rese
arch
Metho
d
3.1. Mathem
atical Re
pre
sentation o
f
Boos
t Co
nv
erter
The
step-up
dc-dc co
nvert
e
r, commo
nly kno
w
n
as
a
boo
st co
nvert
e
r, is
sh
own i
n
figure
belo
w
. Fo
r i
n
tegratio
n p
u
r
po
se
only o
ne in
du
ctor i
s
sufficie
n
t for p
o
wer co
nversi
on i
n
t
he
conve
r
ter.
Th
e inp
u
t voltag
e 23
0V i
s
req
u
ired
in
the l
oad te
rmin
als for PV
po
we
red
sailing
bo
at
s
y
s
t
em. So, the boos
t
c
onverter is
s
u
itable for this
purpos
e.
Figure 2. Circuit diagra
m
of a Boost Con
v
erter
1
(1)
1
(2)
1
(3)
1
(
4
)
1
(
5
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Ne
w Gen
e
rati
on Solar PV Powe
red Saili
ng Boat Usi
n
g Boost Ch
op
per (So
u
m
y
a
Da
s)
8079
Let,
and
(
6
)
(
7
)
The in
put a
n
d
outp
u
t po
wer m
u
st
alwa
ys be
eq
ual,
as m
u
st th
eir avera
g
e
s
. T
here
a
r
e
no pla
c
e
s
fo
r ene
rgy to b
e
lost in
this
conve
r
ter. S
w
itch
-1
ca
rrie
s
Iin when
o
n
. Whe
n
it is off,
swit
ch-2 mu
st be on and switch
-1 mu
st block V
out. Therefo
r
e 1 m
u
st be a forward–
co
ndu
cti
ng,
forwa
r
d –
b
lo
cking d
e
vice.
Switch
-2 can
be a diod
e.
No
w, Assu
mi
ng that the inducto
r cu
rren
t rise
s linea
rly from I1 to I2
in time t1 [1
8],
.
.
∆
(
8
)
.
∆
(
9
)
And the indu
ctor cu
rrent falls linea
rly fro
m
I
2
to I
1
in ti
me t
2,
.
∆
(
1
0
)
∆
(
1
1
)
Let Rippl
e in indu
ctor curre
n
t:
∆
(
1
2
)
∆
.
(
1
3
)
Subs
tituting,
.
,
1
.
(
1
4
)
.
1
(
1
5
)
Dut
y
cy
cle,
(
1
6
)
∆
(
1
7
)
Substituting the value of t
1
,
∆
(
1
8
)
And,
∆
/
(
1
9
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 12, Decem
ber 20
14 : 8077 – 80
84
8080
3.2. Designi
ng Calcula
t
ion and Spec
ification for Requir
e
d Mo
del
Usually it h
a
s
b
een
seen
that a
sin
g
l
e
1
H
P d
c
motor i
s
suff
icient fo
r
ca
rrying 4
passe
nge
rs
weig
hing
app
roximately 35
0kg i
n
a
PV
powere
d
saili
ng bo
at an
d
if the co
nvert
e
r
efficien
cy is consi
dered a
s
85% then,
I/P to
the cho
pper= (1×746
)/0.85
= 877.6
4
Watt
I/P to
the cho
pper= o/p of
PV panel
If single pan
e
l
is of 300 wat
t
.
No of pan
el=
(1×746
)/ (0.8
5×3
00)=2.9
2
≈
3.
3.2.1. Modeling of PV Arr
a
y
Using Ma
tlab
Here in th
e
Matlab
simul
a
tion of
a P
V
module
th
e pa
ramete
rs of the
sola
r
cell
s a
r
e
being
taken
a
s
p
e
r phot
ovoltaic mo
dule
P67230
0WB
300-watt M
o
d
u
le [19]. T
he
value of V
o
c for
the mod
u
le i
s
44.72 volt. As 72
sol
a
r
cel
l
s a
r
e b
e
ing
conne
cted i
n
serie
s
so in
dividual fo
r a
sol
a
r
cell it is comi
ng 44.72/72
=0.62 volt. Six solar
cell
s are co
nn
ceted
in serie
s
first, then they a
r
e
masked
into
a sub
s
ystem
& thre
e in
a serie
s
are
being
add
ed
to ma
ke it
18 a
nd the
n
two
sub
s
ystem
s
of 18 are co
n
necte
d in series to
ma
ke 36. Then two
subsy
s
tem
s
of 36 are bei
ng
con
n
e
c
ted to
make it a m
odule
of 72
solar
cell
s an
d
finally 3 mod
u
les
are
co
n
eecte
d in
se
ries
[20-26].
Figure 3. Modelling of Six sola
r cell
s a
r
e con
n
ceted i
n
seri
es
The solar in
solation is ta
ken as 1
000
w/m^2. For getting maximu
m powe
r
voltage an
d
maximum po
wer
cu
rre
nt the value of loa
d
resi
stan
ce
sho
u
ld be (V
m / Im) 13.15
Ω
.
Table 1. Spe
c
ificatio
n of Single PV mod
u
le
No. of
cells
per
Module
Max
i
mum
Power
(w
att)
Open
Circuit
Voltage
(Voc
)
Volt
Short
Circuit
Curre
nt
(
I
sc)
Amp
Max
i
mum
Power
Voltage
(V)
Max
i
mum
Power
Curre
nt
(A)
Weight
(Kg)
(Apro
x
)
Dimensions
(Length × Width
× Depth)
(Apro
x
)
72 300
44.72
8.62
35.86
8.18
23
77 mm× 39 mm×
1.5 mm
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Ne
w Gen
e
rati
on Solar PV Powe
red Saili
ng Boat Usi
n
g Boost Ch
op
per (So
u
m
y
a
Da
s)
8081
Figure 4. Flow ch
art algo
ri
thm of PV mo
dule un
der M
a
tlab Simulin
k
3.2.2. Modeling of Bo
ost
Conv
erter
After that the modul
e is conn
ecte
d
with
a bo
ost
conve
r
ter to
make the V
o
c value
boosted upto
230volt.In doi
ng that the
parameters of boost converte
r is taken as follows [27]:
Fs
=100
kh
z,
∆
30%
(Acco
rdi
ng to IEC harm
oni
cs sh
ould b
e
b
ound
ed withi
n
30%.),
∆
5
%
(Acco
rdin
g to IEC harmo
nics sh
ould b
e
boun
ded
wi
thin 5%),
I/p voltage is taken a
s
,Vin=35.86
×3
=10
7
.
58volt
≈
108 volt
(aprox).
O/p voltage is taken a
s
,Vo=23
0volt, O/p l
oad cu
rrent is take
n as.Io
=3.88A (apro
x
).
So from the a
bove data dut
y cycle is to b
e
cal
c
ulate
d
as,D=5
3%
C
u
rr
en
t r
i
p
p
l
e
∆
I= 0.3 amp,
Inducto
r value,L=0.4
92 m
H
, Cap
a
cito
r value,C=1.78
uF,
Re
sisto
r
Valu
e,Ro
=59.2
7
Ω
.
Figure 5. Flow ch
art algo
ri
thm of Boost conve
r
ter u
n
d
e
r
3.2.3. Modeling of PV With Buck
Conv
erter
Modelin
g of
PV array an
d
boo
st
conve
r
ter i
s
al
rea
d
y
discu
s
sed
ea
rlier.
From
th
e ab
ove
discu
ssi
on it
has
bee
n se
en that inp
u
t of the
chop
per i
s
the
ou
tput of PV panel. Now th
e pv
model an
d the buck conve
r
ter is b
e
ing i
m
pleme
n
t
ed i
n
the same
ci
rcuit u
s
ing m
a
tlab simuli
nk.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 12, Decem
ber 20
14 : 8077 – 80
84
8082
Figure 6. Flow ch
art algo
ri
thm of PV wi
th Boost converter u
nde
r M
a
tlab simuli
nk
4. Results a
nd Discu
ssi
on
As discussed earlier 3PV module are
connect
ed in
series to generate 877.64
Watt. Now
it has been
shown in Tabl
e 2, that each PV
module
can gen
erate maximum p
o
we
r voltage
and
curre
n
t are of
35.86 Volt and 8.18 Amp
resp
ecti
vely. So the maximum power
output voltage of
the PV array
is 107.5
8
Vol
t. But accordi
ng to the sim
u
lation g
r
aph
the voltage is app
roximat
e
ly
108.25 Volt a
nd cu
rrent is
8.2
Approxim
ately.
Figure 7. Simulation resu
lt of maximum voltage, cu
rre
nt and Power
Similarly, from the above cal
c
ulatio
n output
voltage for the buck converte
r is
230 Volt.
But form the simulatio
n
re
sult the outpu
t volt
age is 234Volt and o
u
tput cu
rre
nt is 3.94 Amp.
All the experi
m
ental value
s
are ne
arly
same
as
wit
h
the theo
ret
i
cal o
n
e
s
. Th
e slig
ht
differen
c
e in the value
s
is n
o
t hampe
ring
the prop
osed
model.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Ne
w Gen
e
rati
on Solar PV Powe
red Saili
ng Boat Usi
n
g Boost Ch
op
per (So
u
m
y
a
Da
s)
8083
Figure 8. Simulation resu
lt of Boost co
nverter
Like
wi
se, After
com
b
ining
both th
e P
V
and
co
nve
r
ter
circuit i
n
Matlab
sim
u
link the
Output
voltag
e of PV array 107.9 Volt which is al
so th
e input voltage of buck con
v
erter. No
w the
output of the buck convert
e
r is 23
3Volt (Aprox
).
Figure 9. Simulation resu
lt of PV with Boost
5. Conclusio
n
Solar pv powered
sailing boat
using boost converter i
s
pr
oposed here.
converters were
impleme
n
ted.
The effectiv
ene
ss of the
prop
osed
co
ntrol sch
e
me
is also teste
d
and the
n
the
followin
g
con
c
lu
sion
s
were drawn from
this
st
udy: 1
)
Thi
s
i
s
a n
e
w a
nd in
nov
ative appli
c
at
ion
whi
c
h i
s
fully environ
menta
l
friendly. 2)
This
sc
hem
e
is almo
st p
o
l
u
tion le
ss. 3
)
Upp
e
r p
o
rtio
n
of
the boat i
s
u
nused, so solar pa
nel
s are
impleme
n
te
d
in that portio
n
. For that ex
tra sp
ace is
n
o
t
requi
re
d. 4)
Fuel cost n
o
t requi
red i
n
the morni
ng,
as sun light
is availabl
e in day time. 5)
Energy pay
back pe
riod
will be lesse
r
than di
esel
run boat. 6) Furthe
rmore
,
the PV panel
provide
s
the
essential
protection
to the
passe
nge
rs o
f
boat from th
e st
raig
ht sun
s
hin
e
a
nd
also
from the rainwater.
Referen
ces
[1]
P Vorobiev, Yu Vorobiev.
Auto
matic Su
n T
r
acking S
o
lar El
ectric Systems for Appl
icatio
ns o
n
T
r
ansport
.
7th Internatio
na
l
C
onfere
n
ce on Electrical
Eng
i
neer
ing, C
o
mp
uting Sc
ie
nce
and A
u
tomati
c
Contro
l. 201
0.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 12, No. 12, Decem
ber 20
14 : 8077 – 80
84
8084
[2]
Sharma C, Jai
n
A. Simulink
Based Mu
lti Varia
b
le So
lar
Pane
l Mode
lin
g,
T
E
LKOMNIKA Indones
ia
n
Journ
a
l of Elec
trical Eng
i
ne
eri
ng.
2014; 12(8)
: 5784 ~ 5792, DOI: 10.
11591/telkomnika.v12i8.6071.
[3]
Nob
u
y
ul
u Kas
a
, T
a
kahiko Iid
a
, Hide
o
I
w
am
oto. An
inverte
r
using
buck-b
oost t
y
p
e
cho
p
per circu
i
ts for
pop
ular sma
ll-s
c
ale p
hotov
olta
ic po
w
e
r s
y
ste
m
.
IEEE.
1999.
[4]
Peng
Zha
ng, W
e
n
y
ua
n
L
i
, Sher
w
i
n Li,
Y
ang
W
ang,
W
e
ido
ng Xia
o
.
Reli
ab
ilit
y a
ssessment of
photov
olta
ic p
o
w
e
r s
y
stems:
Revie
w
of
c
u
rrent status
and futur
e
p
e
r
spectives.
Ap
plie
d En
ergy.
Scienc
e Direct.
2013;1
04: 82
2
–83
3,
[5]
M Nag
ao, H
Horika
w
a
, K
H
a
rad
a
. Photov
ol
taic S
y
stem
usin
g Buck-B
o
ost PW
M Inverter.
T
r
ans. of
IEEJ
. 1994; ll4-
D
: 885-8
92.
[6]
A Zegaou
i, M Ailleri
e, P Petit, JP Sa
w
i
c
k
i, JP
Charles
,
AW Belarbi.
D
y
n
a
mic be
h
a
vio
u
r of PV
gen
erator trac
kers un
der irr
a
di
ati
on a
nd te
mperatur
e cha
nges.
So
lar E
nergy.
Sci
ence
Direct. 201
1
;
85: 295
3–
29
64
[7]
Veerac
har
y M
u
mmadi. M
u
lti-
Input
Integr
ate
d
Buck-B
oost
Conv
erter
F
o
r
Photov
oltaic
Appl
icatio
ns.
IEEE. 2008.
[8]
Yao
w
Mi
ng Ch
en, Yuan C
h
u
a
n
Liu, She
ng H
s
ien L
i
n. Dou
b
l
e
-in
put PW
M dc/dc converter
for high/l
o
w
voltag
e sourc
e
s.
IEEE
Trans on Ind. Electronics
. 200
6: 53(
5): 1538-
15
45.
[9]
Hassa
ne
B
en Sliman
e,
Be
n Moussa De
nn
ai,
He
lm
a
oui
Abderr
a
chi
d
. T
heor
etical
Stu
d
y
of Mu
ltip
l
e
Solar Ce
lls S
ystem as a
F
unction of T
e
mperatur
e.
T
E
LKOMNIKA Indones
ian Jo
urn
a
l of Electrical
Engi
neer
in
g
. 2014; 12(
7): 4928-4933, DOI: 10.
11591/telk
omnika.v12i7.5363.
[10]
H El Fad
il, F Giri. Climatic s
ensor
less ma
xi
m
u
m p
o
w
e
r
poi
nt tracking
i
n
PV ge
ner
ati
on s
y
stems
.
Scienc
e Direct.
2011; 1
9
; 513
–52
1.
[11]
Ehsan
Hoss
ei
ni. Mo
del
ing
and
Simu
lati
o
n
of S
ilic
on
Sol
a
r C
e
ll
i
n
MAT
L
AB/SIMULINK fo
r
Optimization.
T
E
LKOMNIKA Indo
nesi
a
n
Jo
urna
l
of E
l
ectri
c
al E
ngi
ne
erin
g
. 12(
8): 2
014:
60
47~
6
054
,
DOI: 10.11591/telkomnika.v12i8.5294.
[12]
A Saadi, A Mo
ussi. Optimisati
on of Ch
opp
in
g
rati
o of Back-
Boost Conv
erter b
y
MPPT
techni
que
w
i
t
h
a
varia
b
le refer
e
nce volta
ge a
p
p
lie
d to the Ph
otovolta
ic W
a
ter Pumpi
ng S
ystem.
IEEE. z
2
006.
[13]
T
Gorter, AHME Rei
n
d
e
rs. A
comparis
on
of
15
pol
ym
ers fo
r ap
plic
ation
i
n
photov
olta
ic m
odu
lesi
n PV-
po
w
e
red b
oats
.
Applie
d Ener
gy.
Science D
i
r
e
ct. 2012; 92:
286
–2
97
[14]
Gocherma
nn
H. Gocherma
nn sol
a
r tech
nol
og
y; 20
11.
<
h
ttp://
w
w
w
.
g
o
cherm
ann.co
m>
[retreive
d
05.10.1
1
].
[15]
Gorter T
,
Voerman E, Jo
or
e
P, Rein
ders
A, Van H
oute
n
F
.
PV-boats: d
e
si
gn iss
ues
in th
e
real
i
z
a
t
i
on
of
PV-pow
ered b
oats.
Proceed
i
ngs of the 25t
h Europ
ean P
hotov
o
l
taic Sol
a
r Energ
y
Co
nferenc
e/5t
h
W
o
rld Co
nfere
n
ce on Ph
otov
oltaic En
er
g
y
C
onvers
i
on, Val
enci
a
, Spai
n. 2010.
[16]
Dud
h
ia A. Ph
ysics of ro
w
i
n
g
; 201
0.
<
h
ttp://
w
w
w
.
atm.o
x
.
a
c.uk>
[retrieved
19.05.1
0
].
[17]
Z
h
ikun
W
ang.
Sol
a
r El
ectric
Bic
y
cle
Bo
d
y
Mod
e
li
ng
an
d
Simul
a
tio
n
.
TEL
K
OMNIKA
. 201
3; 1
1
(10):
580
6 ~
5814.
[18]
Po
w
e
r El
ectron
ics Han
dbo
ok b
y
M.H.Ras
h
i
d
.
[19]
http://
w
w
w
.
w
h
o
l
esal
eso
l
ar.co
m
/products.fol
der/m
od
ule-fo
l
der/ET
/
ET
-P67230
0W
B.
html
at 7:38
on
7t
h
may
20
14
[20]
Mr G Venkate
s
w
a
rlu, Dr P
Sang
ames
w
a
r
Raju
. Simsc
a
pe Mo
del Of
Photovo
l
taic C
e
ll. IJAREEIE.
201
3; 2(5).
[21]
A Rostami, K Abbasi
an, N
Gorji. Efficien
c
y
Optimiz
a
tio
n
in a Rai
n
b
o
w
Qu
antum D
o
t Solar Ce
ll.
Internatio
na
l Journ
a
l on T
e
c
h
nical
and P
h
ysi
cal Prob
le
ms o
f
Engine
eri
ng (IJT
PE).
2011; 3(2) 106-
109.
[22]
M Sojo
udi, R
Madatov, T
Sojoud
i. Optimizat
i
on
of
Efficienc
y of Solar C
e
lls
b
y
Acc
e
l
e
rated
Electron r
a
y
to Have an Opt
i
mal an
d Co
nstant Energ
y
.
Internati
ona
lJo
u
r
nal o
n
T
e
chnic
a
l an
d Physica
l
Proble
m
s o
f
Engi
neer
in
g (IJT
PE)
. 2011; 9(3): 8-71.
[23]
Yunco
ng Ji
an
g, Jaber A.
Abu Qah
ouq
and Mo
ha
med
Orabi. Matla
b
/Pspice Hy
bri
d
Si
mul
a
tio
n
Mode
lin
g of Solar PV C
e
ll
/Modul
e.
Proc
eedings
of Tw
ent
y
-Six
th
A
nnual IEEE A
pplied P
o
w
e
r
Electron
ics Co
nferenc
e an
d Exp
o
siti
on APE
C. 2011: 1
244-
125
0.
[24]
RK Nema, SavitaNema,
Gayatri Ag
ni
hot
ri. Co
mp
uter
Simulati
on B
a
sed Stu
d
y of
Photov
oltai
c
Cells/Mo
d
u
l
es
an
d the
i
r E
x
peri
m
e
n
tal
V
e
rificati
on.
Int
e
rnati
ona
l Jo
u
r
nal
of Rec
e
nt T
r
ends in
Engi
neer
in
g. 2009; 1(3): 1
51-
156.
[25]
Sheriff MA, Ba
bag
an
a B, Ma
i
na BT
.
A Study
of Si
lico
n
S
o
la
r Cel
l
s
and
Mo
dul
es us
in
g PS
PICE.
Wo
rld
Journ
a
l of App
l
ied Sci
ence
an
d
T
e
chnolo
g
y
.
201
1; 3: 124-1
301.
[26]
Yunco
ng J
i
a
n
g
,
Jaber
A. A
b
u
Qaho
uq, I Bat
a
rseh.
I
m
prov
ed Solar PV
Cell
Ma
tl
ab
Simu
la
ti
o
n
Mo
del
and
Co
mpar
is
on.
Proc
eedings of
2010 I
EEE International S
y
m
posium
on Circ
u
its
and S
y
stem
s
(ISCAS). 2010:
2770 – 2
773.
[27]
http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/2469/
1/deba_don.
pdf at
7:02pm on 9th may
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.