In
d
o
n
e
sian
Jou
r
n
al of
Ele
c
tr
i
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
erin
g
a
n
d
C
om
pu
t
er S
c
ien
ce
Vol.
14, No.
1, April 2019,
pp.
230~240
ISSN: 2502-
4752,
DOI
:
10.115
91/ijeecs.
v
14.
i
1
.
pp230-240
230
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
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score
.
com
/
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p
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j
eec
s
Comparative stud
y of symmetr
ical O
TA
performance i
n
180
nm, 130 nm and 90 nm
CMOS technology
W
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Mo
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A
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Warsu
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a
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ah
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Faculty of E
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Uni
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Art
i
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fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
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o
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:
R
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Jun 12,
2018
Re
vise
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scon
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p
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1
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m
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p
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param
e
ters
(
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,
pow
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c
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s
u
m
p
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nd
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om
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-
Mo
de
R
eject
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R
at
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(CM
R
R)).
T
h
e
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TA
w
h
i
ch
a
do
pt
s
s
y
mm
etri
cal
t
op
ol
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s
d
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sig
n
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caref
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ly
a
n
d
s
im
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t
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u
si
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S
yn
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H
S
p
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so
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n
d
t
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s
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ly
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lyzed
a
nd
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m
p
are
d
.
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h
e
sy
mm
etrical
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TA
d
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n
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n
m
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OS
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echn
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o
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i
s
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o
u
nd
to
b
e
th
e
b
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st
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se
t
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er
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o
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u
me
d
i
s
on
ly
9
.
83
µW
f
ro
m
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v
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s
u
p
p
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t
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d
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o
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th
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C
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h
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M
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y
m
m
e
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l
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i
s
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w
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ffici
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n
t
t
o
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eje
c
t
th
e
c
o
mm
on-m
ode
s
ig
nals
i
n
electro
cardi
ogr
am
(
ECG
)
in
pu
t
sign
al.
T
h
e
s
y
m
m
e
tri
cal
90
nm
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TA
i
s
s
u
i
t
able
t
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be
i
mple
me
nte
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s
bi
oam
p
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s
t
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as
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con
s
u
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ed
l
o
w
po
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an
d
has
a h
i
gh CM
RR charact
erist
i
c.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
Bioa
mpl
i
fier
Bio-p
o
t
en
t
i
a
l
sig
na
ls
El
e
c
t
r
o
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a
r
di
ogram
Lo
w P
o
wer
S
y
mme
t
r
i
c
a
l
O
T
A
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stitute
of
Adv
a
nced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
Wa
n
Mo
ham
m
a
d
Ehsa
n
A
i
m
an
b
i
n
Wa
n
Jus
oh,
Fa
cult
y
o
f
E
l
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c
t
rica
l
and
E
l
e
c
t
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on
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g
,
U
n
i
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ti
T
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H
u
ssei
n
O
nn
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lays
ia,
Pa
rit
Raja,
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Bat
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P
ahat,
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ala
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a.
Em
ail:
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7
0
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9
2
@
sisw
a
.
ut
h
m
.
e
du.m
y
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
Rec
e
n
t
l
y,
t
he
t
rend
o
f
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
in
g
t
h
e
b
i
o-m
e
dica
l
dev
i
c
e
s
usin
g
p
orta
b
l
e
ba
tter
y
i
s
ris
i
n
g
i
n
c
u
rren
t
elec
tr
on
i
c
m
ar
ket
[1]
,
[
2].
Thi
s
t
ren
d
i
s
du
e
t
o
i
mpr
ove
m
e
nt
a
n
d
a
dva
n
c
em
ent
i
n
V
LS
I
scali
ng
tec
h
no
log
y
w
h
ic
h l
e
a
d
s to more
de
ve
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
ana
l
o
g
a
nd d
i
g
i
t
a
l
c
i
rc
uits
in su
b
-mic
ron
s
i
ze
[
3]
, [4].
T
his
c
o
n
d
it
io
n ha
s
i
t
s
o
wn
b
e
n
efi
t
s
wh
ere
t
h
e
c
i
rcu
i
t
can
b
e
o
p
e
rat
e
d
a
t
l
o
w
er
v
ol
ta
g
e
s
up
p
l
y
a
n
d
hav
i
ng
low
e
r
pow
e
r
con
s
um
pt
io
n.
B
ut,
d
u
e
t
o
s
h
o
rt-c
ha
nne
l
effe
cts
(S
CEs)
a
p
p
e
a
re
d
d
u
e
to
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
gy
sca
l
i
n
g,
m
ost
o
f
a
na
lo
g
and
di
gi
ta
l e
l
e
c
t
ro
nic
circ
ui
ts expe
r
i
ence
d de
gr
ada
t
i
o
n in t
h
e
perform
ance aspect.
I
n
m
edica
l
w
orl
d
,
bi
o-p
o
te
nt
i
a
l
si
gna
l
s
d
etec
ti
o
n
i
s
th
e
m
o
st
f
a
m
o
u
s
and
rel
i
a
b
le
w
ay
u
se
d
b
y
me
dica
l
pr
ac
ti
tio
ne
r
t
o
d
ia
g
nos
e
the
m
e
d
i
ca
l
c
o
n
d
iti
on
s
of
t
he
i
r
pa
tie
nt
s.
T
here
a
r
e
s
e
v
era
l
b
i
o
-
p
ot
e
n
t
i
a
l
signa
l
de
tec
tio
ns
b
e
i
ng
k
n
o
w
n
i
n
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
w
orld
s
uch
a
s
e
lectr
o
e
nce
p
ha
lo
gra
p
hy,
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
my
ogra
p
h
y
a
n
d
elec
tr
ocar
d
i
o
g
r
a
ph
y.
T
he
c
om
m
o
n
b
i
o-
pote
n
tia
l
s
i
g
n
a
l
s
pro
duce
d
b
y
h
uma
n
b
od
y
ar
e
el
e
c
troe
nc
ep
ha
lo
gra
m
(EMG
),
e
lec
t
r
o
myo
g
ra
m
(
E
MG
)
an
d
e
l
e
c
t
r
oca
r
di
ogram
(
ECG
)
.
These
bi
o-p
o
t
en
t
i
al
s
i
g
na
ls
h
a
v
e
c
o
m
m
on
cha
r
ac
t
e
ris
tics
;
l
ow
v
o
l
t
a
ge
a
mpli
tude
a
n
d
l
ow
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
cy
r
ange.
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
he
v
o
l
tage
a
m
p
li
t
ude
r
a
nge
and
fre
que
ncy
of sta
te
d
bio-
pote
n
tia
l
si
g
n
al
[
5].
El
ect
ro
c
a
rdi
o
gra
p
hy
i
s
on
e
o
f
t
h
e
b
i
o
-p
ot
en
ti
al
s
i
g
n
a
l
d
e
t
ect
io
n
a
dop
te
d
in
m
edica
l
w
or
ld
w
her
e
i
t
is
a
pr
ocess
o
f
r
ec
ord
i
n
g
e
lec
t
ri
cal
w
a
v
efor
ms
c
alle
d
ECG
t
h
at
a
re
p
ro
duc
ed
b
y
act
iv
i
t
ie
s
of
h
um
an
h
e
a
rt
[
6].
The
E
C
G
si
gn
als
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
i
n
f
o
rma
tion
i
n
t
h
e
f
orm
of
w
av
e
s
a
nd
se
vera
l
t
i
m
e
i
n
t
er
va
ls
b
etw
e
e
n
t
hem
w
h
ic
h
a
r
e
d
e
not
ed
a
s
PQR
S
T
seg
m
en
t
s
[
6
]
–[
9
]
.
Ea
c
h
s
eg
me
nt
h
as
d
i
f
f
e
re
n
t
i
nt
er
pretat
i
ons
o
f
t
h
e
hear
t
co
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
ones
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J
E
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S
c
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IS
S
N
: 2502-
47
52
Com
p
a
r
a
t
i
v
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study
o
f
sym
m
etric
a
l
O
T
A
perfo
r
m
ance
in
…
(Wa
n
M
oham
m
ad E
h
sa
n Aim
a
n bi
n W
a
n
Jus
oh)
23
1
itse
l
f
wh
ic
h
m
u
s
t
b
e
trans
l
a
t
ed
p
re
c
i
sel
y
t
o
ens
u
re
t
he
d
i
a
gn
os
i
s
o
f
hea
l
t
h
o
f
the
pa
ti
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n
t
hea
r
t
is
a
c
c
u
rate
.
Ba
se
d
o
n
t
he
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
ure
s
[
8],
[1
0]
,
[11],
the
vo
l
t
a
g
e
am
pl
i
t
ude
s
o
f
E
CG
r
ange
s
from
5
µ
V
to
4
m
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and
t
h
e
fre
que
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s fr
om
0
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z
to 25
0
kH
z.
Ta
b
l
e
1.
Chara
cteris
ti
cs of
t
h
e
S
t
ated
B
io-P
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n
tia
l
Sign
als [5
]
O
r
ga
ns
B
io-pote
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tia
l
Si
gna
ls
A
m
p
litude
(
m
V
)
F
r
e
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Ra
ng
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(
H
z
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a
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-pass fi
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CG
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t
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ai
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s
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inc
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consum
pti
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he
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on sy
stem
itse
l
f [
1
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[3],
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.
A
s
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p
li
fier
.
Ba
se
d
o
n
t
h
e
l
i
t
era
t
ur
es,
symm
etrica
l
or
c
ur
rent
mirror
Ope
r
ati
o
n
a
l
Tr
ansc
on
d
u
c
t
anc
e
A
m
pl
i
f
ie
r
(O
TA
)
top
o
lo
gy
i
s
im
p
l
e
m
e
n
te
d
in
d
es
i
g
n
i
ng
the
b
i
oam
p
lif
i
e
r
to
a
ch
iev
e
u
l
t
ra-lo
w
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
nsu
m
p
t
i
o
n
wi
th
b
ett
e
r
no
ise
i
m
mu
ni
ty
.
In
a
ddi
tio
n
of
h
av
i
n
g
t
ho
se
u
l
t
ra-l
o
w
a
n
d
l
o
w-n
o
i
s
e
ch
a
r
act
eri
s
ti
cs,
the
b
i
oa
mpl
i
f
ie
r
sho
u
ld
a
ls
o
b
e
a
b
l
e
t
o
a
mp
l
i
f
y
the
E
C
G
s
i
g
n
a
l
u
p
t
o
ac
ce
pta
b
l
e
l
e
v
e
l
f
or
b
e
t
t
e
r
pr
oce
s
s
i
ng
i
n
the ne
x
t
s
t
a
ge
o
f de
t
e
c
t
i
on
sy
ste
m
.
Th
is
p
a
p
er
i
s
orga
nize
d
a
s
f
o
l
l
o
w
s
.
In
s
ect
i
o
n
2,
t
he
p
rop
o
se
d
des
i
gn
o
f
sym
m
e
t
r
i
c
a
l
O
T
A
i
s
di
sc
usse
d
in
d
etai
ls.
The
cur
r
ent
m
i
rrors
a
nd
per
f
orm
a
nce
par
a
m
eters
also
a
re
d
esc
r
ibe
d
w
it
h
de
ta
il
s
in
t
h
i
s
sect
io
n.
I
n
sect
io
n
3,
t
he
s
im
ula
t
i
o
n
s
t
ep
s
a
r
e
show
n
t
o
ge
t
h
er
w
ith
d
e
t
ai
le
d
repor
ts
o
n
t
h
e
sim
u
la
tio
n
r
e
su
lt
s
and
l
a
stl
y
,
in sec
t
i
o
n
4
t
he
c
o
n
cl
usi
on.
2.
PROPOS
E
D
DESIGN
The
O
T
A
w
ith
s
ymm
e
tric
al
o
r
ba
l
a
nce
d
t
op
ol
o
gy
i
s
i
m
p
le
m
e
nted
i
n
b
i
o
-
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
b
e
ca
use
of
l
a
r
g
e
r
t
r
an
s
c
o
nduc
t
a
n
c
e,
l
arg
e
r
sl
ew
r
at
e
and
l
a
rg
er
g
a
i
n
ba
ndw
idt
h
(
G
B
W)
p
r
oduc
e
d
dur
in
g
opera
tio
n of t
h
e
O
TA
. The desi
gn
of circ
u
it is cons
truc
te
d from
seve
r
al cu
r
r
e
nt m
irrors whic
h
a
c
tin
g as acti
v
e
loa
d
t
o
ea
c
h
o
the
r
.
Sym
m
e
trica
l
O
TA
i
s
a
l
so
c
a
lle
d
a
s
t
hree
c
ur
r
e
n
t
m
i
r
r
o
r
s
O
T
A
w
h
e
r
e
t
h
e
d
if
fe
rent
i
a
l
in
p
u
t
pair
c
onsists
of
t
w
o
N
M
O
S
trans
i
s
t
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
s
e
l
f
-
b
i
a
s
e
d
i
n
verte
r
s
an
d
t
h
r
ee
s
i
mple
c
urr
e
nt
m
irrors
a
d
opt
e
d
t
o
bi
as t
h
e
i
nv
ert
e
rs i
n
t
h
e ci
rcu
i
t
.
Base
d
on [
13]
, t
he
v
o
lta
ge
g
a
i
n, A
V of
s
ymm
e
tric
al O
TA
i
s
gi
v
e
n
a
s
Eq
u
a
ti
o
n
1
a
nd E
q
uat
i
on 2.
1
56
()
m
v
ds
ds
g
AB
gg
(
1
)
85
34
(W/
L
)
(
/
)
(/
)
(
/
)
WL
B
WL
W
L
(
2
)
The
ga
in ba
n
d
w
id
th,
BW val
ue
i
s
g
i
ve
n b
y
E
q
u
a
t
ion
3,
1
2
m
L
g
BW
B
C
(
3
)
w
ith
C
L
a
s the
loa
d
c
apa
c
i
t
a
n
ce
and
t
h
e
s
l
ew
r
ate, S
R
is giv
en by
E
qua
ti
on 4
,
DC
L
I
SR
B
C
(4)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2502-
4752
I
n
do
n
e
si
an
J
E
l
e
c
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
S
ci
, V
o
l
.
1
4
,
No. 1, April 2019 :
230 –
2
40
23
2
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
ID
C
i
s
the
b
ias
i
n
g
c
i
r
cu
it
.
T
h
e
de
si
gne
d b
i
o
a
m
p
li
fier
s
hou
l
d
w
o
r
k
i
n
i
nv
e
r
sion
r
egi
o
n
a
s
m
e
n
t
i
o
n
ed
in
[
1
4
]
.
T
he
s
y
m
m
e
trical
a
m
p
lif
i
e
r
w
i
t
h
ga
i
n
ba
ndw
id
t
h
o
f
50
0 k
H
z
w
il
l
p
r
od
u
c
e
a
b
o
u
t
3
00
m
V
/
µ
s
a
s
w
r
it
ten
in Equation 5.
4
*
600
*
T
SR
nV
BW
mV
BW
(
5
)
wher
e
n
i
s
s
l
o
p
e
fac
t
or
i
n
w
e
ak
i
n
v
e
r
si
on.
S
o
ba
sed
on
t
h
e
sta
t
e
m
e
n
t
a
bo
ve,
i
t
c
an
b
e
sa
id
t
h
a
t
S
R
/
B
W
is
direc
t
l
y
pr
o
por
t
i
o
n
al
w
i
t
h
I
DC
/g
m
a
s
sta
t
e
d
in
Eq
uat
i
on 6.
D
C
m
I
SR
GB
W
g
(6)
The
r
ef
ore
in
o
rder
t
o
impr
ov
e
t
h
e
s
l
ew
r
a
t
e
of
t
he
a
m
p
l
i
f
i
e
r
w
i
th
out
a
ff
ect
ing
t
h
e
g
a
in
b
a
n
d
w
idt
h
,
t
h
e
b
i
as
c
u
rrent
t
o
tu
rn
o
n
each
t
ra
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
i
n
t
h
e
b
io
amp
lif
ie
r
m
ust
be
i
nc
re
ased
w
hi
c
h
c
ons
e
que
ntl
y
w
oul
d
incre
a
se
t
he
t
o
t
al
p
ow
e
r
c
on
sum
p
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
b
i
oa
mpl
i
fie
r
.
H
e
nce
b
ased
o
n
th
e
sy
mmet
ri
ca
l
OTA
t
h
e
o
ry
,
ce
rtai
n
tech
n
i
que
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
ad
op
te
d
in
t
o
t
he
O
TA
t
o
ens
u
re
t
here
a
re
t
rade
-offs
be
tw
ee
n
bi
oa
m
p
lif
i
e
r
perform
ance
i
n
ter
m
s
of slew
rate
and
ga
in b
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
w
it
h the
t
o
t
a
l
pow
er
c
ons
um
pti
on
of t
he
b
ioa
m
p
l
i
f
ier.
Th
e
sy
mmet
ri
c
a
l
OTA
i
s
d
esi
g
n
e
d
by
f
i
x
i
ng
th
e
d
i
mensi
on
o
f
t
ra
n
s
i
st
ors
in
d
iffer
e
n
t
i
a
l
in
p
u
t
pa
ir
st
a
g
e
and c
u
rre
nt
m
irr
o
rs stag
e
a
s
sta
t
e
d
i
n [15]
w
hic
h
a
re
gi
v
e
n
b
y
E
qua
t
i
o
n
7
a
n
d
Eq
u
a
t
i
o
n 8.
11
(/
)
M
SW
L
(
7
)
1
2
3
4
56
78
,,,
M
MM
M
M
M
M
M
SS
S
S
S
S
S
S
(
8
)
wher
e S is the
d
ime
n
si
o
n
of t
h
e
t
r
ans
i
stors
in
t
he OTA
.
Th
is
t
e
c
h
n
i
que
o
f
des
i
g
n
in
g
s
y
mm
etrica
l
O
T
A
is
easier
to
b
e
imp
lem
e
n
t
ed
a
s
it
r
e
d
u
ce
d
t
h
e
num
ber
of
c
h
a
n
g
ea
b
l
e
para
me
t
e
rs
t
o
four
d
im
ens
i
on
of
t
r
a
ns
istors
a
nd
o
n
e
t
a
i
l
cur
r
e
n
t
or
b
ias
c
u
rr
ent
i
n
to
t
he
O
TA
.
In
t
h
i
s
pa
pe
r,
t
he
s
ym
me
t
r
ic
al
O
TA
i
s
d
e
signe
d
w
i
th
t
hr
ee
c
o
mpl
em
entar
y
m
eta
l
o
x
i
de
s
em
ico
n
duc
t
o
r
(CMO
S
)
t
ec
hn
olo
g
ie
s
w
h
ic
h
are
18
0
nm
,
13
0
nm
a
nd
9
0
n
m.
E
ach
o
f
t
he
O
TA
d
esigne
d
i
n
1
8
0
n
m
,
130
nm
and
9
0
n
m
use
d
t
he
s
a
m
e
sy
mm
etrica
l
top
o
l
o
gy
a
n
d
t
h
e
sa
me
d
ime
n
sio
n
o
f
t
r
a
n
s
i
st
ors
as
c
alc
u
la
te
d
ear
l
i
e
r
.
The
d
i
m
e
ns
io
n
o
f
t
r
a
ns
istors
a
re
c
alcu
la
te
d
car
eful
l
y
t
o
e
n
sure
t
her
e
i
s
a
ba
la
nc
e
t
r
ade-
offs
b
e
t
w
een
p
o
w
er
con
s
um
pt
io
n
a
nd
ga
i
n
o
f
t
h
e
O
T
A
.
F
igure
1
show
s
t
h
e
s
t
r
u
ct
ure
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
mm
etric
a
l
O
T
A
a
nd
di
m
e
n
s
i
on
of
trans
i
s
t
or
s
is
s
how
n in Ta
b
l
e
2
.
F
i
gure
1.
S
tructure
of s
y
mm
etric
a
l O
T
A
[15]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
ones
i
a
n
J
E
lec
En
g & Co
mp
S
c
i
IS
S
N
: 2502-
47
52
Com
p
a
r
a
t
i
v
e
study
o
f
sym
m
etric
a
l
O
T
A
perfo
r
m
ance
in
…
(Wa
n
M
oham
m
ad E
h
sa
n Aim
a
n bi
n W
a
n
Jus
oh)
23
3
Table
2
.
Dim
e
n
s
i
on of
Trans
i
stor
s in OTA
T
r
a
n
sistor
W
i
d
th
o
f
the
T
r
a
n
s
i
stor,
W
(
µ
m
)
Le
ngth
of
t
he
T
r
a
nsi
sto
r
, L (
µm
)
M1
&
M2
2
1
M3
&
M4
3
1
M5
&
M6
6
1
M7
&
M8
0
.
2
4
1
2.1.
Curre
n
t
Mirror
I
n
a
na
lo
g
i
n
t
e
grate
d
c
i
r
cui
t
(IC)
desi
gn
a
n
d
i
n
the
opera
t
i
o
n
al
a
mp
lif
i
e
r
ci
rc
u
i
t
it
se
lf
,
on
e
of
t
he
essen
tia
l
su
b-
circ
uits
b
ei
n
g
ex
te
nsi
v
e
l
y
use
d
i
s
c
u
rre
nt
m
irror
s
.
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
m
i
r
r
o
r
s
a
r
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
i
n
opera
tio
nal
am
pli
f
ie
r
a
s
b
iasi
ng
e
l
em
ent
s
t
o
pow
er
up
al
l
tra
n
s
is
tors
a
n
d
a
c
t
s
as
a
cti
v
e
loa
d
i
n
am
pl
ifi
e
r
t
o
pro
duce
d
h
i
g
h
A
C
v
ol
ta
ge
g
ai
n
[1
6].
In
t
hi
s
pro
p
o
se
d
de
sig
n
,
si
mp
le
c
urr
e
nt
m
irro
r
is
u
se
d
b
e
c
a
u
se
i
t
con
s
um
ed
l
ess
e
r
power
w
he
n
com
p
are
d
t
o
t
h
e
casc
o
de
c
ur
rent
m
irr
or
[
4]
.
The
prop
ose
d
O
TA
b
i
o
am
pl
ifier
con
s
is
t
s
o
f
t
h
r
e
e
simp
le
c
ur
rent
m
irror
s
,
M
3
a
n
d
M
5,
M
4
a
n
d
M
6
a
n
d
M
7
a
n
d
M
8.
F
or
t
he
s
ub-c
i
r
c
u
i
t
s
i
n
the
O
T
A
,
M
1
an
d
M3
a
n
d
M
2
an
d
M4
a
c
t
a
s
se
lf-bia
sed
i
nver
t
er
s.
T
he
pri
n
ci
ple
o
f
c
urre
nt
m
irror
is
t
he
c
han
n
e
l
curr
ent
o
f
t
w
o
t
rans
istors
w
i
t
h
eq
ui
va
len
t
g
ate-
so
ur
ce
po
te
nt
ia
l
sho
u
l
d
b
e
e
qua
l
[1
6].
T
h
e
ou
t
p
u
t
c
ur
rent
a
n
d
reference
current
i
n
s
i
m
p
le
c
urre
nt
m
i
r
ror
ca
n
be
d
e
s
c
r
i
b
ed
b
y
Eq
ua
tio
n
11
w
i
th
t
he
a
ssum
p
tio
n
M
1
i
s
in
sat
u
rati
o
n
m
od
e
as ind
icate
d
i
n Eq
uat
i
on 9
11
DS
GS
VV
(9)
A
n
o
t
her
assum
p
t
i
on i
s
V
DS
2
m
ust
grea
t
e
r tha
n
V
T2
, as
in Equation 10
22
2
DS
GS
T
VV
V
(
1
0
)
Wi
t
h
the
se
c
on
di
tio
ns t
he
M
O
S
F
E
T e
q
ua
t
i
on
i
s
i
n
s
at
urat
io
n
m
ode
a
s show
n by
E
qua
t
i
on
11
2
21
12
1
()
(
1
)
ou
t
D
S
ref
D
S
IV
WL
IW
L
V
(
1
1
)
2.2.
Per
f
orma
n
ce
Parame
ter
s
S
e
veral
par
a
m
e
ters
e
xtract
e
d
f
ro
m
th
e
OTA
are
g
a
in
,
CMRR
a
nd
p
o
w
e
r
co
nsum
p
t
i
o
n.
T
hes
e
para
me
ters
a
r
e
e
x
t
r
a
c
t
ed
fro
m
the
de
sig
n
e
d
O
TA
by
a
n
a
l
yz
in
g
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
lts
f
r
o
m
the
s
i
mula
ti
on
s
an
d
ar
e
used
to de
t
er
mine
t
h
e
le
v
e
l
o
f
perf
or
ma
nce
of
t
he
de
s
ig
ne
d
O
T
A
.
Open Loop
D
C
Gain
The
ra
ti
o
of
c
h
a
nge
i
n
o
u
t
p
ut
v
olta
ge
t
o
t
h
e
c
h
a
nge
i
n
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
lta
ge
o
f
t
h
e
O
T
A
ca
n
b
e
d
e
f
i
n
e
d
a
s
ope
n
loo
p
D
C
ga
i
n
w
h
i
c
h
c
a
n
b
e
me
as
ured
u
s
i
ng
Eq
ua
ti
o
n
1
2.
T
he
ope
n
lo
o
p
g
a
i
n
is
a
ls
o
kn
o
w
n
as
di
ffe
re
nt
ia
l m
ode vo
l
tage
am
p
lif
i
c
at
i
on or
g
a
i
n.
(O
UT
)
()
20
l
o
g
PP
D
PP
I
N
V
A
V
(
1
2
)
C
o
m
m
o
n
M
o
de
D
C
G
a
i
n
The
rat
i
o
o
f
c
h
a
nge
i
n
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
lta
ge
t
o
i
n
pu
t
v
o
lta
ge
w
he
n
bo
t
h
o
f
i
npu
t
vo
l
t
a
g
e
s
s
up
pl
i
e
d
i
n
t
o
t
he
O
T
A
is
i
n
the
sa
me
p
h
a
se.
I
t
a
ls
o
k
now
n
a
s
c
omm
on
mode
v
o
l
tage
ampli
f
i
c
at
io
n
and
c
a
n
b
e
me
as
u
r
e
d
u
si
ng
Eq
uat
i
on 1
3
.
(
OUT
)
()
20
l
o
g
PP
C
PP
I
N
V
A
V
(
1
3
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
250
2-
4
7
5
2
In
do
n
e
sia
n
J
Elec Eng
&
C
o
mp
S
ci,
Vo
l. 1
4
,
No
. 1
,
Ap
r
i
l
2
0
1
9
:
230
–
2
4
0
23
4
Co
mmo
n
M
o
d
e
Rejectio
n Ra
tio
(CMRR
)
CMR
R
i
s
de
f
i
ned
as
r
at
i
o
o
f
di
ff
er
e
n
t
i
al
m
ode
g
a
i
n
to
c
o
m
mon
mo
de
g
a
i
n
a
n
d
c
a
n
be
m
e
a
sur
e
d
us
in
g
E
q
ua
ti
o
n
1
4
.
I
t
i
s
a
l
s
o
know
n
a
s
m
ea
sur
e
m
e
nt
u
se
d
t
o
qua
n
tif
y
the
a
b
il
ity
o
f
e
l
e
c
t
ron
i
c
dev
i
ce
t
o
rejec
t
c
o
mm
on
mode
s
ig
nal
s
.
The
ide
a
l
val
u
e
o
f
C
MRR
s
h
o
u
l
d
be
i
n
f
in
it
y
w
h
e
r
e
t
he
v
a
l
ue
o
f
c
o
mm
on
mode
g
a
i
n
is
z
er
o
and
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
tial
mode
g
ai
n
is
a
s
hi
g
h
a
s
possib
l
e
(
a
c
c
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
t
he
s
pec
i
f
i
c
a
tio
n)
.
()
2
0
l
o
g
D
C
A
CM
RR
dB
A
(
14)
Pow
e
r C
o
nsu
m
ptio
n
P
o
w
e
r
consum
pti
on
in
O
TA
i
s
r
e
a
l
l
y
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
a
s
t
h
e
M
O
S
F
ET
t
e
ch
n
o
l
o
gy
ha
ve
r
ea
ched
t
he
s
ub-
m
i
cr
on
s
i
z
e
.
T
h
i
s
i
m
p
r
ovem
e
nt
i
n
MO
S
F
ET
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
le
ads
t
o
t
he
u
nw
ante
d
sh
or
t-
ch
a
nne
l
e
f
fe
cts
o
c
c
u
r
r
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
s
i
t
s
e
l
f
w
h
i
c
h
af
fecting
th
e
O
T
A
p
e
rfo
rman
ce
i
n
a
ba
d
w
a
ys.
O
n
e
of
t
he
m
ain
s
o
ur
ce
s
o
f
h
i
g
h
pow
e
r
c
o
n
sum
p
t
i
on
in
O
TA
i
s
lea
k
a
g
e c
u
r
r
e
nt
i
n
MO
S
F
ET.
T
he
p
ow
e
r
consum
pt
i
on
of
O
TA
d
esi
gne
d
in
t
h
i
s
pa
p
e
r
can
b
e
m
e
a
s
ur
ed
u
si
ng
Equa
t
i
on
1
5
.
56
()
*
(
)
DC
DD
S
S
PI
I
I
V
V
(
15)
3.
S
I
M
U
LA
TI
O
N
R
E
S
U
L
T
S
A
N
D
A
NA
LY
S
I
S
I
n
t
h
i
s
se
ct
ion,
a
c
ompa
r
i
son
of
t
he
s
im
ula
t
i
o
n
r
e
su
l
t
s for
s
y
m
me
t
r
i
c
al
O
TA
d
e
s
ig
n
e
d
us
in
g
di
ff
e
r
e
n
t
C
M
O
S
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
og
y;
1
8
0
n
m
,
130
nm
a
nd
9
0
n
m
w
e
r
e
p
r
e
se
n
t
e
d
.
Each
o
f
t
h
e
O
T
A
i
s
a
l
s
o
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
di
ffe
r
e
nt
s
u
ppl
y
v
o
l
ta
ge
a
nd
b
ia
s
c
u
r
r
ent
t
o
d
e
duc
e
the
r
e
lat
i
o
nshi
p
of
s
u
p
p
l
y
vo
lt
age
a
n
d
bias
c
ur
r
e
n
t
tow
a
r
d
s
the
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
of
O
TA
i
n
t
e
r
m
s
of
g
a
i
n,
C
M
R
R
,
s
le
w
r
a
t
e
a
nd
p
o
w
e
r
cons
u
m
p
t
i
o
n.
T
he
t
e
s
t
b
enc
h
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
of
s
im
u
l
at
ion
c
o
nsi
s
ts
o
f
O
T
A
a
n
d
a
loa
d
c
a
p
aci
t
o
r
w
i
t
h
d
i
f
fer
e
n
tia
l
inp
u
t
s.
T
he
i
n
p
u
t
s
i
gna
l
s
c
hose
n
a
r
e
pos
iti
ve
p
e
a
k-
t
o
-
p
e
a
k
v
o
lt
age
w
ith
a
mp
li
t
u
de
o
f
2
mV
a
nd
-
2
m
V
with
f
requ
e
n
cy
o
f
2
5
0
Hz.
Th
e
reason
in
c
ho
os
in
g
t
h
ose
va
lue
s
o
f
vo
lta
ge
a
nd
f
r
e
que
nc
y
a
r
e
t
o
i
m
i
t
a
t
e
th
e
EC
G
si
gn
al
a
t
its
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
a
mp
l
i
t
u
d
e
a
n
d
fr
e
q
ue
ncy.
F
i
gur
e
2
show
s
the
t
e
stbe
nc
h
c
i
r
c
u
it
f
o
r
si
m
u
la
t
i
o
n
s
of
t
h
e sy
mme
t
ri
ca
l
OT
A.
Fi
g
u
re
2
.
Sc
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
o
f
t
es
t
b
en
c
h
c
i
r
cu
it
f
o
r
s
y
m
me
t
r
i
c
a
l
O
T
A
3
.
1
. S
u
p
p
l
y
V
o
lt
a
g
e
a
nd
Perfo
r
ma
nce Para
met
ers
In
t
hi
s
si
mul
a
ti
o
n
,
t
h
e
s
upp
ly
v
olt
a
g
e
o
f
OTA
i
s
v
ari
e
d
fro
m
±0
.
6
V
u
p
t
o
±
0
.
9
V
i
n
o
r
d
e
r
t
o
in
ves
t
i
g
a
t
e
t
h
e
r
e
lati
o
n
sh
ip
b
etw
e
en
s
up
ply
vo
lt
a
g
e
a
nd
p
e
r
f
or
m
a
n
ce
p
aramet
ers
(g
a
i
n
,
C
MR
R
a
n
d
po
we
r
c
onsum
p
t
i
o
n)
.
F
o
r
th
is
s
im
ul
atio
n,
t
he
b
ias
c
u
r
r
e
nt
,
I
D
C
is
f
i
x
e
d
a
t
1
0
µ
A
.
I
n
or
de
r
to
e
xt
r
a
c
t
D
C
ga
in
a
n
d
C
M
R
R
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
O
T
A
,
t
h
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
e
n
t
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
i
s
d
o
n
e
o
n
t
o
t
h
e
O
T
A
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
a
r
e
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
d
.
F
o
r
the
c
o
m
m
o
n
m
o
d
e
ga
i
n
,
bot
h
i
n
pu
t
s
i
gn
als
ar
e
set
a
t
t
he
s
am
e
p
h
ase
(
0
º
)
a
nd
for
di
ffere
n
tia
l
m
o
d
e
g
ai
n,
pos
i
tive
i
n
put
s
i
gna
l
i
s
s
et
a
t
0
º
a
n
d
n
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
in
put
s
ig
na
l
i
s
s
et
a
t
1
8
0
º.
M
e
a
n
wh
i
l
e
f
o
r
the
ave
r
age
power
c
onsum
p
t
i
o
n,
t
he
v
al
ue
i
s
e
x
t
r
acted
f
r
o
m
the
S
i
mula
ti
o
n
a
n
d
A
n
a
l
y
sis
E
nvi
r
onm
en
t
(
S
A
E)
t
o
o
l
in
t
he
H
S
p
ic
e
sof
t
w
a
r
e
.
F
i
gu
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
t
r
a
ns
ie
nt
r
es
ul
t
of
d
i
f
fer
e
nt
ia
l
m
od
e
g
a
i
n
,
Fi
gu
re
4
s
ho
ws
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
e
re
nti
a
l
mo
de
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
ones
i
a
n
J
E
lec
En
g & Co
mp
S
c
i
IS
S
N
: 2502-
47
52
Com
p
a
r
a
t
i
v
e
study
o
f
sym
m
etric
a
l
O
T
A
perfo
r
m
ance
in
…
(Wa
n
M
oham
m
ad E
h
sa
n Aim
a
n bi
n W
a
n
Jus
oh)
23
5
gai
n
i
n
de
ci
be
l
s
a
n
d
T
a
b
le
3
r
epre
se
nts
t
h
e
pe
rfor
ma
nce
p
a
ram
e
t
er
s
e
x
trac
t
e
d
from
t
he
t
rans
ie
nt
a
na
lys
i
s
for
13
0 nm
O
TA
.
F
i
gure
3.
T
ransien
t
r
esul
t
s
f
or
d
i
f
fere
ntia
l
mode
of
1
3
0
nm
O
T
A
B
a
s
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
t
a
b
u
l
a
t
e
d
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
,
i
t
c
a
n
b
e
s
a
i
d
t
h
a
t
v
a
l
u
e
s
o
f
g
a
i
n
a
nd
a
v
e
r
age
pow
er
c
on
sum
p
t
i
o
n
are
dire
ct
l
y
pro
por
ti
o
n
al
w
i
t
h the
va
l
u
es of v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
u
p
p
l
y.
W
h
en
t
h
e
v
olt
a
g
e
s
u
ppl
y
suppl
i
e
d
in
to
t
h
e
O
TA
i
s
dec
r
ea
si
ng,
th
e
ga
i
n
o
f
O
TA
is de
cre
a
sin
g
an
d
t
he
p
ow
e
r
c
onsum
p
t
i
on
o
f
t
he
O
TA
i
s
also
d
ec
rea
s
in
g.
F
i
gur
e 4.
A
C anal
ys
i
s
o
f 13
0
nm
O
TA in
dif
f
ere
n
t
i
a
l
m
ode
Tab
l
e
3
.
Com
pa
riso
n of
P
e
r
fo
rm
anc
e
P
ar
a
m
eter
s
for
18
0 N
m
,
130 N
m an
d
9
0
Nm OTA
V
ersu
s Di
f
f
e
r
en
t
Vo
lt
ag
e
S
u
ppl
y
O
T
A
V
o
lta
g
e
Supply
(V
)
G
a
in
(
dB
)
A
V
G
P
ow
e
r
(µW)
180
nm
O
TA
±
0.
9
47.
4
52.
05
±
0.
8
46.
4
46.
45
±
0.
7
44
40.
83
±
0.
6
30.
2
34.
78
130
nm
O
TA
±
0.
9
55.
9
51.
09
±
0.
8
55.
2
45.
69
±
0.
7
54.
3
40.
29
±
0.
6
52.
3
34.
90
90
nm
O
T
A
±
0.
9
56
49.
30
±
0.
8
55.
7
44.
07
±
0.
7
55
38.
86
±
0.
6
52.
9
33.
67
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2502-
4752
I
n
do
n
e
si
an
J
E
l
e
c
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
S
ci
, V
o
l
.
1
4
,
No. 1, April 2019 :
230 –
2
40
23
6
3.2.
Bias C
u
r
r
e
n
t
an
d
Pe
rform
a
n
c
e
Para
me
ter
s
In
t
hi
s
si
mul
a
ti
on
,
th
e
bi
as
c
u
rrent
,
Idc
for
the
pr
oposed
O
TA
c
i
rcui
t
to
b
i
a
s
a
l
l
t
r
an
si
st
o
r
s
in
to
s
a
t
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
m
o
d
e
i
s
v
a
r
i
e
d
f
r
o
m
2
µ
A
u
p
t
o
8
µ
A
.
T
h
i
s
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
exe
c
u
te
d
in
o
rde
r
t
o
fi
n
d
t
he
r
ela
t
io
ns
hip
betwee
n
su
pp
l
y
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
p
erform
ance
p
a
r
am
ete
r
s
(gai
n,
C
M
RR
a
nd
p
ow
er
c
on
su
m
p
tio
n)
.
The
vo
l
t
ag
e
sup
p
l
y
i
s
fixe
d
at
±
0.9
V
for
th
i
s
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
on.
M
e
a
nw
h
i
le
f
or
t
h
e
a
v
era
g
e
p
o
w
e
r
cons
u
m
pti
o
n,
t
he
v
a
l
ue
i
s
extra
c
t
ed
f
r
o
m
the
S
A
E
too
l
i
n
the
HS
pice
softwa
re.
The
tes
t
be
n
c
h
c
ircu
it
i
s
s
e
t
u
p
sim
ilar
to
t
he
c
ircui
t
f
or
si
m
u
lat
i
on
i
n
i
nve
st
i
g
at
ing
s
u
pp
ly
v
o
l
ta
ge
a
nd
pe
rform
anc
e
p
ara
me
ters.
F
i
gur
e
5
sh
ow
s
the trans
i
e
n
t
r
e
su
lt
o
f
di
ffe
re
nt
ia
l
mode
g
a
i
n,
F
i
g
ure
6
s
h
ow
s
t
h
e
t
r
ans
i
e
n
t
r
e
su
lt
o
f
the
d
i
f
f
er
en
ti
a
l
m
o
d
e
ga
i
n
a
nd
T
ab
le
4
summ
ar
i
z
ed th
e
per
form
ance
pa
r
am
eter
s ext
r
a
c
ted
from
the
t
r
a
nsi
en
t
an
aly
s
i
s
o
f 90
n
m OTA.
F
i
gure
5.
Tra
nsi
e
n
t
r
esul
ts for
di
ffe
re
nt
ia
l m
ode
o
f 9
0
n
m
OTA
F
i
gure
6.
A
C
a
n
a
l
ys
is o
f
90 n
m
O
TA
in diffe
rent
ial m
ode
Tab
l
e
4
.
Com
pa
riso
n of
P
e
r
fo
rm
anc
e
P
ar
a
m
eter
s
for
18
0 N
m
,
130 N
m an
d
9
0
Nm OTA
V
ersu
s Di
f
f
e
r
en
t
B
i
as C
urr
e
nt
O
T
A
B
i
a
s
C
urre
nt (µA)
Ga
in (
dB
)
A
V
G
Powe
r (µW
)
180nm
O
TA
8
4
8
41.
57
6
4
8.
5
31.
10
4
4
8.
9
20.
65
2
4
9.
4
10.
25
130nm
O
TA
8
5
6.
5
40.
73
6
5
7.
1
30.
41
4
5
7.
9
20.
14
2
5
8.
8
9.
966
90nm
O
T
A
8
5
6.
2
39.
41
6
5
6.
4
29.
54
4
5
6.
3
19.
67
2
5
5.
9
9.
83
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
ones
i
a
n
J
E
lec
En
g & Co
mp
S
c
i
IS
S
N
: 2502-
47
52
Com
p
a
r
a
t
i
v
e
study
o
f
sym
m
etric
a
l
O
T
A
perfo
r
m
ance
in
…
(Wa
n
M
oham
m
ad E
h
sa
n Aim
a
n bi
n W
a
n
Jus
oh)
23
7
F
r
om
t
he
t
ab
u
l
ate
d
r
es
ults
i
n
Ta
b
l
e
4
,
it
ca
n
be
s
a
i
d
t
h
a
t
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
g
a
i
n
is
i
n
v
erse
ly
p
ro
p
o
rt
io
na
l
w
ith
t
h
e
va
lu
e
of
b
i
a
s
c
u
rren
t
s
u
ppl
i
e
d
i
n
t
o
O
TA
a
n
d
t
h
e
v
al
ue
o
f
av
e
r
age
p
o
w
e
r
c
ons
ump
t
ion
is
d
irec
tly
pro
port
i
ona
l
w
ith
t
he
v
al
ue
o
f
b
i
as
c
ur
ren
t
s
up
p
l
i
e
d
i
n
t
o
O
TA
.
W
h
e
n
t
h
e
b
i
a
s
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
u
p
p
l
i
e
d
i
n
t
o
O
T
A
i
s
dec
r
ea
si
ng,
t
he
g
a
i
n
of
O
TA
i
s
i
n
cre
a
si
n
g
a
n
d
t
he
p
ow
er
c
onsum
e
d
b
y
t
he
O
TA
i
s
de
cre
a
si
ng.
B
u
t
f
or
90
n
m
O
T
A
,
t
he
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
gai
n
i
s
in
con
s
iste
nt
e
ve
n
w
h
e
n
t
he
b
ia
s
c
u
rre
nt
i
s
r
e
duce
d
t
o
2
µA
.
This
i
s
d
u
e
t
o
s
h
o
rt-
cha
nne
l effec
t
s
(S
CEs)
a
nd m
i
sma
t
c
h
a
ffe
c
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
o
p
e
r
at
i
on
of
tr
a
n
s
i
st
o
r
s
i
n
O
T
A
.
3.3.
C
ommon
Mod
e
R
eje
c
tion
R
atio (
C
M
R
R
)
To
o
b
t
a
i
n
t
h
e
CMR
R
f
or
s
y
m
m
e
trica
l
O
T
A
,
Equ
a
tio
n
1
4
i
s
use
d
a
nd
t
h
e
c
a
l
c
u
la
te
d
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
a
r
e
tab
u
l
at
ed
i
n
Ta
ble
5
an
d
Ta
ble
6.
A
s
CM
R
R
i
s
use
d
t
o
qu
a
n
ti
fy
t
he
a
b
ili
t
y
o
f
O
T
A
re
j
e
cti
n
g
c
o
mm
on-
m
ode
signa
l
s
,
it
is
n
e
c
e
ssary
f
or
t
he
O
TA
t
o
ha
ve
h
i
g
h
CMR
R
w
hic
h
m
e
a
n
s
i
t
c
a
n
e
a
s
i
l
y
filte
r
ou
t
c
o
mm
on-m
o
d
e
signa
l
s
t
ha
t s
o
urce
d fr
om
e
xt
erna
l n
o
ise
s
.
Ta
b
l
e 5.
CM
RR O
f
90 N
m
OTA
for D
iffere
nt V
o
lta
ge
S
up
pl
y
O
T
A
Vol
t
a
g
e
Supply
(V)
C
M
RR
(dB
)
90
nm
O
TA
±
0.
9
120
±
0.
8
119
±
0.
7
118
±
0.
6
115
Ta
ble
6.
C
M
R
R
O
f
90 N
m
OTA
for
D
iffe
rent
B
ias
Curr
en
t
OT
A
B
i
a
s
C
u
rre
nt
(µA
)
CM
RR
(d
B
)
90
nm
O
T
A
8
1
24
6
1
2
9
4
1
3
5
2
1
4
0
Th
e
p
r
opo
se
d
9
0
n
m
OTA
i
s
c
ho
s
e
n
to
b
e
ch
a
r
ac
t
e
ri
zed
i
n
th
e
CM
R
R
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
b
e
ca
use
i
t
s
ga
i
n
i
s
sufficie
n
t
e
n
ou
gh
t
o
am
p
l
i
f
y
ECG
si
gn
al
a
n
d
t
he
p
ow
e
r
c
on
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
i
s
l
o
w
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
a
b
o
u
t
9
.
8
3
µ
W
f
r
o
m
±0.
9
V
v
ol
t
a
ge
s
u
p
p
l
y.
B
a
s
e
d
on
Ta
ble
5,
t
h
e
v
a
l
ue o
f
CM
RR o
f
t
h
e
O
TA
i
s
de
cre
a
si
ng
a
s
t
h
e
vol
t
a
ge
s
up
p
l
y
dec
r
ea
se
s
fro
m
±0.
9
V
dow
n
t
o
±
0.6
V
.
F
or
T
a
b
l
e
6
,
th
e
C
M
RR
of
th
e
O
T
A
is
i
ncr
easi
ng
w
h
e
n
t
he
b
ias
curr
ent s
u
p
p
l
i
e
d i
n
t
o
OTA is
dec
r
ea
si
ng.
Ba
s
ed o
n t
h
e
t
a
b
u
la
t
e
d
r
esults, in
order
to
g
et the maxi
m
um
v
alue of
CMR
R
f
rom
9
0
n
m
O
T
A
,
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
ge
s
u
p
p
l
y
s
upp
l
i
ed
i
nt
o
O
T
A
m
u
st
b
e
f
i
x
e
d
a
t
±
0
.
9
V
a
n
d
2
µ
A
o
f
b
i
a
s
curr
ent t
o
pow
e
r
up
transis
t
or
s
in t
he 90
nm
O
TA
.
3.4.
Bias C
u
r
r
e
n
t
,
Gain
B
an
d
w
id
th
an
d
3-
d
b
F
re
qu
e
n
cy
I
n
t
h
i
s
se
c
tio
n
,
f
urther
s
imu
l
at
i
o
n
s
a
re
b
ei
ng
do
ne
t
o
i
n
ves
tig
a
t
e
the
r
e
lat
i
onsh
i
p
be
t
w
ee
n
bia
s
curr
ent
pro
v
i
d
e
d
t
o
O
T
A
cir
c
ui
t
w
i
th
g
a
i
n
ban
d
w
i
d
t
h
(G
B
W
)
a
nd
c
ut-of
f
frequenc
y
(3-dB)
.
Gain
b
andwid
th
(G
BW)
is
t
he
fre
que
ncy of
w
hic
h
t
he
ope
n l
o
o
p
gai
n
o
f
t
he
a
m
p
li
fi
er
b
ec
om
e
s
uni
ty.
G
B
W
als
o
m
e
a
ns
a
s
th
e
range
o
f
fre
qu
e
n
cie
s
i
n
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
am
p
l
i
f
ie
r
c
a
n
am
pl
i
f
y
th
e
in
p
ut
s
i
gna
ls.
The
cu
t-o
f
f
freque
nc
y
or
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
3-d
b
f
re
q
u
e
n
cy
i
s
a
fr
e
que
nc
y
w
h
e
r
e
the
p
o
w
er
outp
u
t
of
t
he
a
m
p
l
i
fi
e
r
s
ta
rti
ng
t
o
d
r
op
or
t
o
at
te
nua
te
w
he
re
the
in
p
u
t
s
i
gna
ls
i
s
not
a
mp
li
fie
d
a
t
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
ga
in.
Com
p
ar
ison
of
G
ai
n,
G
BW
a
n
d
3
-D
b
F
r
eque
nc
y
O
f
9
0
Nm OTA
f
or Dif
f
e
rent Bias
Cu
rrent as
sh
ow
n
in Table 7.
Ta
b
l
e 7.
Comp
a
rison
of
G
ai
n,
G
BW
and
3-D
b
F
re
quenc
y
O
f
90
N
m
O
T
A f
o
r
Dif
f
e
rent Bias Current
B
i
a
s
C
u
rre
nt (µA)
AV
G
Powe
r (
µW)
G
a
i
n (dB
)
G
BW (Hz
)
f
3-
dB
(H
z
)
2
9.
83
55.
9
6.
2M
10k
1
4.
91
55.
2
3.
53M
3
.
17k
0.
5
2.
46
54.
4
1.
7M
1
k
0.
01
0.
056
36.
7
39k
258
B
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
t
a
b
u
l
a
t
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
7
,
i
t
c
a
n
b
e
s
a
i
d
t
h
a
t
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
,
g
a
i
n
,
G
B
W
a
n
d
c
u
t
-
off
freque
nc
y
i
s
d
i
r
ect
ly
p
rop
o
rt
io
na
l
to
t
he
b
ia
s
c
u
rr
ent
le
ve
l
pr
ov
i
d
ed
i
nt
o
the
O
T
A
.
O
TA
w
it
h
low
e
r
bi
a
s
curr
ent
ha
ve
a
dva
n
t
age
of
l
o
w
e
r
p
o
w
er
c
on
sum
p
t
i
o
n
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
cruc
i
a
l
in
b
i
o
-med
i
cal
a
pp
l
i
cati
o
n
b
u
t
fro
m
the
T
a
b
l
e
7
,
t
h
e
g
a
i
n
o
f
O
T
A
d
r
o
p
p
e
d
f
r
o
m
5
5
.
9
d
B
t
o
3
6
.
7
d
B
w
h
i
c
h
d
o
es
n
o
t
m
eet
t
he
b
i
o
am
p
lifi
e
r
gai
n
re
q
u
i
r
emen
t
alt
hou
gh
th
e
G
B
W
an
d
cu
t
-
of
f
f
r
equ
e
n
c
y
is
s
ma
ll
er
t
ha
n
t
h
e
O
T
A
w
ith
h
i
g
her
bias
c
urr
e
nt.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2502-
4752
I
n
do
n
e
si
an
J
E
l
e
c
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
S
ci
, V
o
l
.
1
4
,
No. 1, April 2019 :
230 –
2
40
23
8
S
m
aller
G
B
W
a
nd
c
u
t-off
fr
eque
nc
y
is
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o
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n
s
u
re
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here
a
re
l
e
s
s
c
omm
on
mode
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i
g
nal
s
a
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ex
terna
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n
o
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se
affec
t
i
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g t
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O
T
A
d
u
r
i
n
g
a
m
p
li
fi
c
a
t
ion
o
f
i
np
u
t
si
gna
ls.
3.5.
Fi
n
a
l D
e
d
u
c
tion
In
orde
r
to
c
h
oos
e
the
m
o
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s
u
ita
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l
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O
T
A
to
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e
imp
l
em
en
te
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s
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he
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ust
ha
ve
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ra
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w
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um
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R
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a
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a
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d
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q
uen
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able
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s
h
o
w
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he
c
om
pa
riso
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of
p
e
rform
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betw
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p
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o
pose
d
s
y
m
m
e
trica
l
9
0
nm
O
T
A
i
n
t
h
i
s w
o
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k
w
it
h pre
v
ious
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rch.
Ta
ble
8.
C
om
p
a
r
i
so
n
of P
rop
o
se
d O
T
A
and O
t
her
Exist
i
ng
A
m
plifi
e
rs
[
1]
[
2]
[
4]
[
1
5
]
P
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
O
TA
Te
c
hnology
(
nm
)
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of
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gn
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p
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o
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hers
a
n
d
t
hi
s
me
ans
i
t
c
a
n
f
il
ter
out
c
o
m
mon-m
ode
s
i
g
n
a
l
s
a
n
d
n
o
i
s
e
s
f
r
o
m
E
C
G
s
i
g
n
a
l
sat
i
sfac
t
o
ri
ly.
The
G
B
W
is
a
t
6.2
MH
z
a
n
d
c
u
t
-
off
fr
eq
uenc
y
is
a
t
1
0
kHz
wh
ich
ar
e
sufficie
n
t
fo
r
ECG
signa
l
fre
q
uenc
y
range
t
o be
am
p
li
fied a
t
t
h
e m
a
xim
u
m
gai
n
.
4.
CONCL
U
S
ION
I
n
t
his
pa
pe
r,
a
s
ym
me
trical
O
TA
h
as
b
ee
n
desi
g
n
ed
b
y
u
s
i
ng
18
0
n
m
,
1
3
0
n
m
a
n
d
9
0
n
m
C
M
O
S
tech
n
o
l
o
gy
a
n
d
i
t
s
pe
rform
anc
e
h
as
b
een
a
na
lyz
e
d
a
n
d
c
om
pare
d
t
h
o
rou
g
h
l
y
.
The
c
o
m
p
aris
on
be
tw
e
e
n
si
m
u
lat
i
on
resul
t
s
o
f
t
he
O
T
A
h
ad
b
e
e
n
d
o
n
e
to
i
de
nt
ify
t
h
e
bes
t
c
o
mbin
ati
o
n
of
C
MOS
t
e
c
h
nol
o
gy,
s
u
p
p
l
y
vo
lta
ge
a
n
d
b
ia
s
c
u
rrent
i
n
o
r
de
r
to
a
ch
ie
v
e
t
he
o
b
j
ec
t
i
ve
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
a
p
e
r
;
d
e
s
i
g
n
i
n
g
s
y
m
m
e
t
r
i
c
a
l
O
T
A
w
i
t
h
lowes
t
power
c
on
s
u
m
p
ti
on w
ith s
u
ffi
ci
en
t
g
a
i
n
a
nd
h
as go
o
d
CM
R
R
c
hara
cteris
tic
s. The r
esul
t
s
sh
o
w t
h
at th
e
d
e
s
i
g
n
e
d
s
y
m
m
e
t
r
i
c
a
l
O
T
A
i
s
s
u
i
t
a
b
l
e
t
o
b
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
a
s
a
b
i
o
am
pli
f
ie
r
a
n
d
a
d
op
te
d
i
n
E
CG
s
ig
na
l
detec
t
i
on
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
I
n
o
rde
r
t
o
im
pro
v
e
t
h
e
p
e
rforma
n
ce
o
f
the
s
y
mm
etric
a
l
O
TA
d
e
s
ig
n
e
d
i
n
t
his
pa
pe
r,
t
he
bu
lk-
d
ri
ven t
e
c
h
n
i
que
s and
sub-
thr
e
sh
old
o
p
e
ra
t
i
on
of tra
nsis
to
r c
a
n be
im
p
l
e
me
n
t
e
d
i
n futur
e
w
or
ks.
ACKNOW
LEDG
E
MEN
T
S
The
a
u
thor
s
w
o
u
l
d
like
to
e
x
p
ress
gra
tit
u
d
e
for
fi
nanc
i
a
l
sup
p
o
rt
a
nd
c
ont
ri
b
u
ti
on
s
from
Ministry
o
f
Ed
uca
t
i
o
n
(M
O
E
)
M
a
la
ys
i
a
u
nder
F
u
n
d
a
m
ental
Resea
r
ch
G
ran
t
S
che
m
e
(F
RGS
)
vot
n
umbe
r
16
30.
A
l
s
o
tha
n
ks
t
o
the
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
of
E
lec
t
r
i
cal
a
nd
Ele
c
t
ron
i
c
E
n
gi
neer
in
g
(F
KEE),
Mi
c
r
o
a
nd
N
a
no
E
l
e
c
t
ro
nic
–
Sha
m
sud
d
i
n
R
esea
rch
C
e
ntr
e
(
M
i
NT-
S
RC
)
and
R
e
se
arc
h
M
a
n
a
g
em
en
t
C
e
n
tre
(R
MC)
of
U
ni
ve
rsit
i
Tu
n
H
u
ssei
n
O
nn
M
a
l
a
ys
i
a
(U
T
H
M
)
for
the
resourc
e
s use
d
i
n
this
w
ork
.
REFE
RENCES
[1]
J.
M
agri
,
I.
G
rech
,
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C
ash
a
,
E.
G
a
t
t,
a
n
d
J
.
Mi
call
e
f,
“
D
e
s
i
gn
o
f
CM
OS
fron
t
-en
d
c
i
r
cui
t
ry
f
or
t
h
e
acquisition
o
f
bi
op
otenti
a
l
s
ig
n
a
l
s
,
”
20
16
IEEE
In
t.
Co
nf
.
E
l
e
c
t
ro
n
.
C
i
rc
u
its
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y
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ECS
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16
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hukla,
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K
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wal,
a
nd
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V
erm
a
,
“D
esign
a
n
d
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
l
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w
p
o
w
e
r
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M
O
S
E
C
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am
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ier,”
In
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f
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Em
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T
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C
Low
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ilter
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o
r E
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K.
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ra
ty
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,
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K
uma
r
,
a
n
d
A.
K
um
ari,
“
L
o
w
po
we
r
am
plifier
for
b
iop
o
t
e
ntial
sign
al
a
cq
ui
si
ti
on
sy
st
e
m
,
”
i
n
20
15
Int
e
rna
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
eren
ce on
Ad
van
ces i
n
Co
mp
u
t
i
ng,
Commu
n
i
cat
i
ons
and In
fo
rma
ti
cs,
ICA
CCI 20
15
,
pp.
3
24
–
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2
01
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[5]
W
.
M
.
C
h
e
n
,
W
.
C
.
Y
a
n
g
,
T
.
Y
.
T
s
a
i
,
H
.
C
h
i
u
e
h
,
a
n
d
C
.
Y
.
W
u
,
“
T
h
e
d
e
s
ig
n
of
C
M
O
S
ge
ne
ra
l-pu
rp
ose
a
n
a
l
og
fro
n
t
-e
n
d
c
ir
c
u
i
t
w
i
t
h
tu
na
b
l
e
g
a
in
a
nd
b
a
n
dwid
th
f
or
b
io
po
te
n
t
i
a
l
si
gnal
recor
d
ing
sys
t
e
m
s,”
P
r
oc.
A
n
nu
.
I
n
t.
C
o
n
f
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Indonesia
n
J
Elec Eng
&
C
o
m
p
S
ci
ISSN:
2502-
4752
C
o
m
para
t
ive
st
u
d
y
o
f
sy
m
m
e
tr
ica
l
O
T
A perfo
r
m
ance
i
n
… (
W
a
n
Moh
a
m
m
ad E
h
sa
n
Ai
m
a
n
bin
Wa
n J
u
s
o
h)
23
9
IEEE
Eng.
M
e
d. B
i
ol.
Soc
.
E
M
BS
, n
o.
C
i
c
, pp
. 47
8
4
–
4
7
8
7
,
2
01
1.
[6]
A.
B
orod
in,
A.
P
ogo
relo
v,
a
n
d
Y
.
Zav
y
alo
v
a,
“
O
v
erv
i
ew
o
f
algori
th
ms
f
o
r
e
le
c
t
ro
c
a
r
diog
ra
ms
a
na
ly
si
s,”
in
20
1
3
1
3
th
Confer
ence o
f
O
p
en
Inn
o
va
tio
n
s As
so
ciatio
n
(
F
RU
CT)
,
pp.
14–
19
,
2
0
1
3
.
[7]
P.
L
i
et al.
,
“
A
410
-n
W
effici
ent
QRS
p
r
ocess
o
r
fo
r
m
o
b
i
l
e
E
CG
m
onit
o
ri
ng
i
n
0.
18-μm
C
M
O
S,
”
Pr
oc
.
-
20
16
IEEE B
i
omed.
C
i
r
c
uits Sys
t
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f
.
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AS
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2
0
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F
.
M
oulah
c
e
n
e
,
N.
E
.
Bo
ugu
echal
,
I.
B
en
acer,
an
d
S
.
H
anfo
ug
,
“
D
esi
g
n
o
f
C
MO
S
two
-
stag
e
o
p
erat
io
nal
am
p
l
ifier
f
o
r
ECG
m
o
nitoring
s
y
s
tem
u
s
ing
90
nm
t
echn
o
l
o
g
y
,
”
Int. J. Bio
-
Scien
ce B
i
o
-
T
e
ch
no
lo
gy
,
vol.
6,
n
o.
5
,
p
p
.
5
5–6
6
,
2
014
.
[9]
K.
R
aja,
S
.
Sara
van
a
n,
R
.
An
itha,
S
.
S.
P
ri
y
a
,
an
d
R.
S
ub
hash
i
n
i,
“
D
e
s
i
gn
o
f
a
low
power
E
C
G
si
gnal
p
rocess
o
r
for
wearab
le
h
eal
th
s
ys
te
m
-revi
ew
a
nd
i
m
p
lem
e
nt
ation
i
s
s
u
es,
”
Pro
c
.
20
17 1
1
t
h
Int
.
Con
f
.
Int
e
ll.
Sys
t
.
Co
ntr
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t
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n
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r
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E
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“
U
l
tr
a
-
lo
w
po
w
e
r
5
0
/
6
0
H
z
n
o
t
ch
f
il
ter
f
o
r
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m
ed
i
c
a
l
s
ig
nal
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i
s
i
t
i
on
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si
n
g
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2nm
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0
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5
V
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ul
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l a
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d
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ign
o
f
a hi
g
h
gai
n
, tem
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u
re Co
m
pens
ated
bi
o
m
e
dical
i
ns
tr
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on a
mplifier
f
o
r
E
E
G
a
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l
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c
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ai
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D
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u
lly
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ff
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e
ra
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i
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t
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per
a
t
i
on
al t
rans
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duct
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nc
e
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l
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T
A
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.
BIOGRAPHI
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S
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T
H
ORS
W
a
n
M
o
hamm
ad
E
hsan
A
i
m
an
b
i
n
W
an
J
u
s
o
h
r
ecei
ved
t
h
e
Bachel
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D
e
gre
e
o
f
E
l
ectro
n
i
c
Eng
i
n
eering
m
a
jori
ng
i
n
Micro
e
lect
roni
c
fro
m
Uni
v
ers
i
ti
Tu
n
Hus
s
e
i
n
O
n
n
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
(
U
T
H
M
)
,
Ba
t
u
P
ahat
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J
ohor,
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a
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H
e
is
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u
rrent
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o
r
k
i
ng
t
o
ward
s
th
e
M
a
ster
D
egree
in
Ele
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
E
ng
in
e
e
r
ing
in
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n
i
ve
rsi
t
i
Tu
n
Hu
sse
i
n
On
n
Ma
la
ys
ia
(
UTHM
).
H
is
m
ajo
r
r
esearch
int
e
rest in
c
lu
des
VL
SI
c
ircuit
d
e
si
gn
a
nd
I
C
des
i
gn
f
o
r
b
i
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i
cal
a
pp
licatio
n
S
i
ti
H
a
wa
R
u
s
l
a
n
is
a
n
ass
o
cia
t
e
p
r
of
ess
o
r
at
t
he
D
ep
artm
ent
of
E
l
ectro
nic
En
g
i
ne
erin
g,
F
aculty
of
E
lectri
cal
a
n
d
E
lect
ronic
E
n
g
i
neeri
n
g
,
U
n
i
versi
t
i
Tu
n
H
u
ssei
n
O
n
n
M
a
lay
s
ia
.
S
h
e
recei
ved
her
Masters
in
E
lectri
cal
E
ngin
eering
f
r
om
U
niversiti
Teknolog
i
M
alay
sia
in
1
99
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d
Bach
elo
r
of
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c
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ence
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n
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lectrical
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ngin
eer
in
g
f
r
om
U
n
i
v
e
rsit
y
of
M
i
a
mi,
Flor
ida
,
U
SA
i
n
1
9
8
7
.
Sh
e
h
a
s
pub
lish
e
d
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
resear
ch
p
apers
in
i
n
t
ernat
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o
n
al
j
ou
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l
s
a
n
d
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o
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f
e
ren
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t
h
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are
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o
f
dig
i
t
a
l
and
analo
g
i
nteg
rated
ci
rcuit
des
i
gn.
A
m
o
ng
o
th
ers,
h
e
r
r
es
ea
r
c
h
int
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re
st
s
in
clu
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desi
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ircu
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h
e
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s
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eceived
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v
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s
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gi
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s
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E
M
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I
E
E
E, I
EEE
Young Profesi
o
na
ls and IE
EE C
i
rcui
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and
Syste
m.
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