Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
1
3
,
No.
1
,
Jan
uar
y
201
9
,
pp.
210
~
216
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752,
DOI: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v1
3
.i
1
.pp
210
-
216
210
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/ij
eecs
Establis
hm
ent o
f
emotion
al datab
ase and
extractio
n of c
olor
psych
ology of
child
re
n f
rom im
ages
Seong
-
Y
oon Shi
n
School
of
Com
p
ute
r
Inform
a
ti
on
&
Com
m
unic
ati
on
Engi
n
ee
ring
,
Kuns
an
Nati
ona
l
Univer
sit
y
,
558
Dae
hak
-
ro,
Guns
an
-
si,
Jeollabuk
-
do
(Mir
y
o
ng
-
dong),
South
Korea
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Sep
8
, 2
018
Re
vised N
ov 9
, 2018
Accepte
d Nov
19
, 201
8
In
the
m
oder
n
socie
t
y
,
th
ere
i
s
a
rap
id
inc
r
e
ase
in
the
n
eed
for
col
or
ps
y
chot
h
era
p
y
f
or
ps
y
cho
logi
c
a
l
stabilit
y
and
envi
ronm
ent
a
l
a
dapt
ion
of
chi
ldr
en
for
whom
the
in
te
r
ests
o
f
the
par
ent
s
ar
e
la
ck
ing
in
th
e
m
i
dst
of
th
ei
r
bus
y
da
ily
sch
e
dule
s.
Ac
cor
din
gl
y
,
we
n
ee
d
to
assess
the
emoti
onal
sta
te
of
chi
ldr
en
thr
ough
the
ir
dra
wings,
et
c
.
In
thi
s
th
esi
s,
ide
n
ti
fi
ca
t
ion
is
m
ade
on
col
or
h
armon
y
b
y
u
ti
l
iz
ing
info
rm
at
ion
of
singl
e
and
m
ix
ed
co
lors
in
t
h
e
col
or
image
spa
c
e.
Moreove
r
,
s
y
s
te
m
for
ext
ra
ct
io
n
of
col
or
ps
y
ch
olog
y
from
the
dr
awings
of
childre
n
is
develope
d
.
Fi
rst,
emotion
al
dat
ab
ase
is
esta
bli
sh
ed
on
the
basis
of
col
or
image
spac
e.
The
n,
enor
m
ous
col
or
val
ue
s
are
group
b
y
clus
te
ring
the
ima
ges
through
the
use
of
K
-
Mea
ns
cl
usteri
n
g
.
Emotions
are
ex
tra
c
te
d
through
m
at
chi
ng
with
t
he
dat
ab
ase
and
chi
ld’s
col
o
r
ps
y
chol
og
y
is
exa
m
ine
d
b
y
using
col
or
di
stribut
ion
cha
r
t.
Empirical
rese
arc
h
es
on
sensibil
ities
tha
t
a
re
cur
ren
t
l
y
in
progre
ss
are
bei
ng
pursued
la
rge
l
y
from
psy
cho
logical
and
engi
nee
r
ing
pe
rspec
ti
v
es.
Sensibil
i
t
y
b
ei
ng
under
stood
in
th
e
area
of
ps
y
cho
log
y
c
an
be
d
eem
ed
cl
ose
to
being
emotions.
Mea
nwhile,
sen
sibil
ity
under
sto
od
from
the
eng
ine
er
ing
pe
rspec
ti
ve
ca
n
b
e
def
ine
d
as
high
l
y
adva
n
ce
d
ps
y
c
hologi
c
al
expe
ri
enc
es
induc
ed
i
n
the
m
inds
of
hum
an
bei
n
gs
from
per
ception
or
cogn
i
ti
on
b
y
ex
te
rn
al
ph
y
s
ical
stim
ula
ti
on
.
Th
is
the
sis
demo
nstrat
ed
th
e
over
all
excel
l
en
ce
through
expe
riment
.
Ke
yw
or
ds:
Color i
m
age space
Color p
syc
holo
gy
Em
otion
al
d
at
abase
K
-
m
ean cluster
ing
Sens
i
bili
ty
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights
reserv
ed.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Seong
-
Y
oo
n
S
hin
,
School
of Com
pu
te
r
I
nfo
rm
at
i
on &
C
omm
un
ic
at
ion
E
ng
i
ne
erin
g,
Kunsa
n Nati
on
al
U
ni
ver
sit
y,
558 Dae
hak
-
r
o, G
unsan
-
si,
Je
ollabuk
-
do
(Miry
ong
-
do
ng), S
ou
t
h Korea.
Em
a
il
: s33
97
220@
kuns
a
n.
ac
.kr
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Color
has
the
powe
r
to
infl
ue
nce
the
physi
ology
or
em
otion
s
of
hu
m
an
bein
gs
.
T
his
is
becau
se
m
ank
in
d
not
only
views
colo
rs
thr
ough
the
ey
es
bu
t
al
so
m
ov
es
m
ind
and
em
otion
by
accom
m
od
at
i
ng
the
colo
rs
with
t
he
ir
hear
ts
.
Em
otion
al
e
xpres
sion
s
a
fter
ha
ving
lo
ok
e
d
at
colors
dis
play
diff
eri
ng
res
pons
es
dep
e
ndin
g
on
ind
i
viduals.
A
s
su
c
h,
col
or
s
m
ov
e
our
m
ind
s
thr
ough
em
oti
on
al
act
io
n
an
d
le
ad
us
t
o
think
a
nd
act
u
nc
onsci
ou
sly
as w
el
l as a
ct
d
iffe
re
ntly
in
acc
orda
nce
with the
ex
te
nt
of se
ns
ibil
it
y of i
ndivid
uals.
Gen
e
rall
y,
people
hav
e
te
nde
ncy
of
sel
ect
in
g
the
colo
rs
th
ey
li
ke
un
co
nsc
iou
sly
rathe
r
than
m
aking
cho
ic
es
by
po
nd
e
rin
g
over
the
c
har
act
e
risti
cs,
ad
va
ntage
s
an
d
disa
dv
a
ntages
that
ea
ch
of
the
col
ors
has
.
Su
c
h
te
ndency
is
par
ti
cularly
m
or
e
prom
inent
in
chi
ld
re
n
with
la
ck
of
knowle
dge
or
exp
e
riences
on
the
char
act
e
risti
cs
of
c
olors.
This
is
i
nf
l
ue
nced
c
om
po
sit
el
y
by
the
ps
yc
ho
l
og
ic
a
l
sta
te
at
th
e
tim
e,
ind
ivi
du
al
pro
pe
ns
it
y an
d
e
nv
i
ronm
ental
ch
ar
act
erist
ic
s,
et
c.
[
1].
Chil
dr
e
n
ta
lk
about
their
se
nti
m
ents,
p
e
rs
on
al
it
y,
inter
na
l
desires,
c
on
cepts,
a
nd
e
xp
ressio
ns
a
nd
env
i
ronm
ent
of
their
daily
lif
e
e
xp
e
riences
thr
ough
drawi
ng
s
a
nd
col
or
s
instea
d
of
t
he
ir
ve
rb
al
la
ngua
ges
.
Accor
dingly
,
this
thesis
will
extract
c
olor
-
sp
eci
fic
in
f
orm
at
ion
from
t
he
dr
a
wing
t
ha
t
ch
il
dr
e
n
personal
ly
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Estab
li
s
hm
e
nt
of emoti
onal
data
base
and
ex
tracti
on o
f c
ol
or
ps
yc
ho
l
og
y
of ch
il
dre
n…
(
Seon
g
-
Yoo
n Shi
n
)
211
dr
e
w
to
a
ssess
their
em
otional
sta
te
on
s
uc
h
col
or
s
.
Em
pirical
stud
ie
s
on
se
ns
ibil
it
ie
s
that
are
be
in
g
carried
ou
t
at
t
he
m
o
m
ent
are
bein
g
purs
ue
d
la
r
gely
fro
m
ps
yc
ho
log
i
cal
and
en
gi
neer
i
ng
pe
rspect
ives.
Sens
i
bili
ti
es
u
nd
e
rstoo
d
in
the
area
of
ps
y
cho
l
og
y
can
be
seen
as
bein
g
cl
os
e
to
em
otion
a
nd,
ge
ne
rall
y,
‘sen
si
bili
ty
o
r senti
m
ent is b
ei
ng
us
e
d
i
n
it
s
su
pe
r
ordinate c
on
ce
pt that i
nc
lud
es
v
a
rio
us
e
m
ot
ion
s a
nd is
bein
g
def
i
ned
with
f
ocus
on
relat
ive
ps
yc
hol
ogi
cal
dom
ai
n’
.
On
the
ot
her
hand,
se
ns
ibil
it
y
underst
ood
from
eng
i
neer
i
ng
pe
rsp
ect
ive
is
being
un
der
st
ood
unde
r
the
‘
def
i
niti
on
of
c
om
po
sit
e
em
otion
s
of
sense
of
c
om
fo
rt
and
lu
xuri
ou
s
ne
ss
as
hig
hly
adv
a
nce
d
ps
yc
ho
l
og
ic
al
ex
pe
riences
in
du
c
e
d
within
the
hum
an
being
s
a
rising
from
per
cepti
ons
a
nd
co
gnit
ion
o
f
e
xter
nal
physi
cal
stim
ula
ti
on
s’
. A
m
on
g
these
se
ns
ibil
it
ie
s,
datab
ase w
il
l
be
est
ablished
f
or
tho
se
on
c
olors.
Howe
ver,
the
at
trib
utes
that
col
or
s
ha
ve
are
ext
rem
ely
broad
a
nd
t
her
e
is
diff
ic
ulty
in
ge
ner
a
li
zi
ng
the
respo
ns
es
of
i
nd
i
viduals.
In
order
to
res
olve
this
diff
ic
ulty
,
co
ns
ide
rati
ons
will
be
m
ade
com
pr
e
he
ns
ively
on
the
un
derst
and
i
ng
of
t
he
at
tribu
te
s
of
c
olors
as
well
as
the
ps
yc
ho
l
og
ic
al
sy
m
bo
ls
an
d
e
ff
ect
s
th
rou
gh
the
functi
ons
of
the
c
olors
t
hat
are
ab
sorb
ed
as
one
of
our
daily
li
fe
eff
ect
s.
In
ad
diti
on,
se
ns
ibil
it
ie
s
towa
rd
s
col
or
s
wil
l
be
i
nv
est
igat
ed
by
sel
ect
in
g
s
pecific
s
ubje
ct
s
an
d
datab
ase
will
be
est
a
blishe
d
on
the
basis
of
this
in
vestiga
ti
on
.
The
n,
se
ns
ibil
it
ie
s
will
be
ext
racted
f
ro
m
i
m
ages
an
d
th
e
colo
r
ps
yc
ho
l
ogy
of
child
ren
will
be
asses
sed
to
e
nhanc
e
the
ps
yc
ho
l
og
ic
al
sta
bili
ty
and
e
nvir
onm
ental
adap
ti
on c
apa
bi
li
t
ie
s o
f c
hild
r
en.
2.
RELATE
D
R
ESE
ARC
H
2
.
1.
Ps
ycholo
gical
Act
i
on
s
on
C
olo
rs
Wh
et
her
we
a
re
awa
re
or
not,
col
or
s
go
ve
rn
our
m
ental
and
ps
yc
hol
og
ic
al
sta
te
s.
Colors
ha
ve
var
i
ou
s
pro
pe
r
ti
es.
Colors
ha
ve
var
io
us
sym
bo
li
c
m
eaning
s
incl
ud
i
ng
pro
vocat
ive
or
pacifyi
ng
an
d
sense
of
weig
ht,
et
c.
T
her
e
are
occasi
on
s
in
w
hich
one
beco
m
e
fati
gu
e
d
or
feel
s
ubdued
due
t
o
the
e
ff
ect
s
of
colo
rs
without
bein
g aware
.
Colors
in
t
he
m
se
lves
ha
ve
the
po
wer
t
o
i
m
par
t
substan
ti
al
influ
ence
on
pe
ople
as
well
as
in
com
bin
at
ion
w
it
h
var
i
ou
s
c
onfi
gurati
ons.
C
olor
ps
yc
ho
l
ogy
is
aime
d
at
researc
hing
th
e
changes
in
hum
an
bein
gs
i
nduce
d
by
s
uc
h
act
ion
s
of
col
or
s
[2
]
.
Psych
olog
ic
al
eff
ect
s
of
col
or
s
inclu
de
the
a
sp
ect
s
that
ar
e
decide
d
in
ad
van
ce
i
n
orde
r
to
est
ablish
visu
al
am
bie
nce
inclu
ding
i
m
age
associat
ion
,
im
pr
ession
a
nd
char
act
e
risti
cs
of
c
olors,
et
.
C
onfig
ur
at
io
ns
of
col
or
s
not
only
i
m
par
t
influe
nce
on
the
vis
ual
sen
sory
or
gans,
that
is,
ey
es,
div
ersely
bu
t
al
so
infl
uen
ce
e
m
ot
ion
an
d
se
nti
m
ents
with
visio
n
as
the
m
edium
.
Percep
ti
on
of
colo
rs
ca
n
be
ap
proac
hed
f
ro
m
ps
yc
holo
gical
m
e
tho
d
since
it
exists
in
our
m
ind
s.
I
nv
e
sti
gation
of
the
per
s
onal
prefe
r
ence
s
on
par
ti
cular
c
olor
ca
n
assist
with
un
der
sta
nd
i
ng
of
the
e
ff
ect
s
i
nc
lud
in
g
em
otio
n
a
nd
sentim
ental
resp
onses
to
wa
rd
colo
rs,
et
c.
[
3].
Table
1
il
lustrate
s
how
Fa
be
r
Bi
ren
de
fine
d
the
ps
yc
ho
l
ogic
al
act
ion
s
of
key
colo
rs.
T
his
il
l
us
trat
es
that
psy
cho
lo
gical
act
ion
on
the
col
ors
is
i
m
po
rtant.
Table
2
il
lustrate
s
the im
pr
essions o
f
c
olors that
are
il
lustrate
d i
n
the
relat
ions
hip
betwee
n
c
ol
or
s a
nd c
onfig
ur
at
io
ns
.
Table
1.
Psych
ologica
l Acti
ons
of K
ey
C
olors
Table
2.
Rel
at
ion
s
hi
p
betwee
n
C
olo
r
and C
onfi
gurati
ons
Co
lo
r
Co
n
f
i
g
u
ration
I
m
p
ressio
n
s o
f
colo
r
Red
Rectan
g
le and
hex
ag
o
n
Feelin
g
of
ho
t,
d
ry
and
op
acity
Orang
e
Fo
rwar
d
It
is less
erotic col
o
r
th
an
r
ed
with ad
d
itio
n
of
the
f
eelin
g
of
white h
eat.
Yello
w
Inv
erted tria
n
g
le a
n
d
pyr
a
m
id
sh
ap
e
Sp
iritual f
eelin
g
Lacks s
en
se o
f
textu
re
an
d
weigh
t
Gree
n
Hex
ag
o
n
and
icos
a
h
ed
ron
Co
o
l,
f
resh
and
so
ft
Blu
e
Circle,
sp
h
ere
Co
ld
,
m
o
ist
and
tr
a
n
sp
arent
Sp
iritual f
eelin
g
Pu
rple
Egg
sh
ap
e
Gen
tle and
f
lo
win
g
f
eelin
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
1
,
Ja
nu
a
ry
201
9
:
210
–
216
212
2
.
1.
Ch
il
d’
s
Co
l
or
Ps
ychol
ogy
Ex
per
ie
nc
es
of
child
ren
te
nd
to
be
li
m
ited
an
d
th
ey
easi
ly
disp
la
y
i
m
m
ediat
e
and
em
otion
al
respo
ns
es
in
com
par
ison
to
adu
lt
s.
That
is,
they
think
and
act
with
in
the
bounda
ries
of
their
l
i
m
i
te
d
exp
e
riences
. T
her
e
fore,
envir
on
m
ent g
iv
en
to
c
hildr
e
n
im
par
t en
or
m
ou
s
e
ff
ect
s
on the
gr
ow
t
h of chil
dre
n [4
]
.
Althou
gh
the
r
e
are
m
any
th
eses
wr
it
te
n
on
the
colo
r
psy
cho
lo
gy
of
c
hildr
e
n,
on
ly
a
few
will
be
introd
uced
here.
K.
B.
Kim
e
xecu
te
d
dom
inant
colo
r
a
naly
sis
on
the
dra
wings
by
c
hild
ren
a
nd
gro
up
ed
the
colo
r
inf
or
m
at
i
on
by
ap
plyi
ng
ART2
al
gorit
hm
.
He
then
f
uz
zi
fied
by
ap
plyi
ng
the
c
olor
frequ
e
ncy
num
ber
to
m
e
m
ber
sh
ip fu
nction on
th
e ba
sis of
the core
v
ect
or
value
of each th
at
h
as
been
gro
up
e
d.
Defuzzi
ficat
io
n
was
then
exec
ute
d
after
ha
ving
a
pp
li
ed
the
fu
z
zi
fied
core
ve
ct
or
val
ue
to
the
f
uzzy
inference
r
ules
in
order
t
o
com
par
e the
psy
cho
lo
gical
sta
te
o
f
co
l
or
s
[5].
H.H.
Pa
rk,
by
util
iz
ing
the
c
olor
co
nce
pt
appr
oach
e
d
by
m
eans
of
c
olor
sensi
bili
ti
es
and
sym
bo
l
s
edu
cat
io
nally
,
dev
el
op
e
d
an
d
est
ablishe
d
foundati
on
for
l
e
sson
proposal
for
c
olor
cl
ass
es
of
c
hildr
e
n’s
arts
.
In
par
ti
cular
,
he
est
ablishe
d
the
proposal
for
te
achin
g
a
rts
cl
asses
by
m
aking
re
fer
e
nce
to
the
res
ults
of
analy
sis
of
im
age
scal
e
of
e
xisti
ng
IRI
a
dject
ives
f
or
t
he
analy
sis
of
the
m
eans
of
util
iz
at
ion
of
colo
r
ps
yc
holo
gy in
edu
cat
io
n [
6].
S.J.
Jeo
ng
in
ve
sti
gated
the
e
ff
ect
s
on
the
colo
r
pr
e
fer
e
nc
es
by
as
sessi
ng
the
facto
r
structu
re
of
li
festy
le
of
c
hildr
e
n
a
nd
disclosin
g
t
he
relat
ion
s
hi
p
with
th
e
col
or
prefe
re
nces
i
n
acc
ord
ance
with
t
he
l
ifest
yl
e
of ch
il
dren
[7,
8].
Gr
a
ndge
orge
M
an
d
Ma
kataka
N
i
den
ti
f
ie
d
c
olo
r
s
tha
t
disp
la
y
c
olor
-
hype
rsensi
ti
ve
res
pons
e
char
act
e
risti
cs
by
in
vestigat
in
g
t
he
c
olor
pr
e
fer
e
nces
of
c
hildr
e
n
with
a
utism
sp
ect
ru
m
diso
r
der
(
ASD)
a
nd
ordina
ry chil
dren
[9
]
.
3.
EST
ABLISH
MENT
OF
SENSITIBIL
ITI
ES DB
Jo
ha
nnes
Itte
n
stud
ie
d
the
m
ixing
m
et
ho
ds
of
col
or
an
d
the
co
ntrasti
ng
e
ff
ect
s
of
colo
rs.
It
is
char
act
e
rized
by
the
at
tem
pt
t
o
m
ake
exp
re
s
sion
s
t
hroug
h
geo
m
et
ric
con
t
rast
of
c
olor,
r
egu
la
r
arra
nge
m
ent
of
colo
rs
a
nd
co
nt
ract
of
col
or
s
wi
th
se
ns
e
of
s
easo
ns
.
The
th
eor
y
of
ha
rm
on
y
of
Itte
n
il
lu
strat
es
the
m
eth
od
of
sel
ect
ing
c
olor
s for
ex
pr
e
ssio
n of t
hem
es and
functi
onal
cha
racteri
sti
cs in
accor
da
nce
with s
uc
h
m
et
ho
d [10].
1.
Dyads
-
H
arm
on
y i
s
achie
ve
d
if
m
ixed
with
co
m
ple
m
entary colo
rs.
2.
Sp
li
t
com
ple
m
entary
-
Nei
ghbori
ng
com
plem
entary
color
s
are
us
e
d
m
os
tl
y.
Ha
rm
on
y
is
achieve
d
i
f
m
ixed
with
c
olo
rs
n
ea
r
t
he
c
om
ple
m
entary colo
rs on b
oth s
ides.
3.
Triad
-
Har
m
on
y i
s
achie
ve
d
if
co
l
or
s
at th
e posit
ion o
f 3
equ
al
div
isi
on
s
of the
co
l
or
w
heel.
4.
Tet
rad
s
-
Ha
rm
on
y
is
achieved
if
c
olors
a
t
the
po
sit
io
n
of
4
eq
ual
di
vision
s
of
t
he
co
lor
w
heel,
a
nd
fun
dam
ental
l
y,
the
m
ixing
of
c
olo
r
that
al
ign
with
t
he
2
set
of
c
om
pl
e
m
entary
colo
rs
al
s
o
ac
hiev
e
har
m
on
y.
5.
Pentad
s
-
Ha
rm
on
y
is
achieved
i
f
colo
rs
at
the
po
sit
io
n
of
5
eq
ual
di
visio
ns
of
the
colo
r
w
heel
or
thr
ough
5
-
c
olor m
ixing
by addin
g wh
it
e a
nd b
la
ck
to Tria
d.
6.
Hex
a
ds
-
Harm
on
y
is
achie
ved
if
c
olors
a
t
the
po
sit
io
n
of
6
eq
ual
div
i
sion
s
of
th
e
co
lor
w
heel,
or
6
-
colo
r
m
ixing
by
3
sets
of c
omplem
entary color
s
or
by
a
dd
i
ng
wh
it
e a
nd b
la
ck
to
Tetra
ds
.
Me
thods
of
12
-
col
or
wh
eel
a
nd
c
olor
-
m
ixing
m
et
ho
d
of
It
te
n
f
or
est
a
blishm
ent
of
sen
sibil
it
ie
s
DB
are i
ll
us
trat
ed
in
the
Fig
ure
1
.
Colors
are
ess
entia
l
el
e
m
ents
in
t
he
world
of
gr
a
phic
de
sign
an
d
a
dve
rtisem
ent.
The
y
no
t
only
il
lustrate
dep
t
h
a
nd
em
ph
asi
s
but
al
so
deli
ver
t
he
feeli
ng
an
d
em
otion
of
desi
gn.
Gr
a
ph
ic
desi
gn
c
r
eat
es
beau
ti
f
ul
la
yout
and
fan
ta
sti
c
desig
ns
.
I
n
fac
t,
it
can
be
see
n
as
a
par
t
of
ps
yc
holo
gy.
Colo
rs
are
one
of
t
he
too
ls
us
e
d
to
c
onnect
with
pe
op
le
a
s
il
lustra
te
d
above.
C
olo
rs
pro
vid
e
ar
r
ang
em
ent
of
e
m
ot
ion
al
an
d
visu
al
sign
al
s.
D
is
pla
y of em
otion
s that p
e
ople
e
xperience a
bout c
olors is il
lustra
te
d
in t
he
Ta
bl
e 3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Estab
li
s
hm
e
nt
of emoti
onal
data
base
and
ex
tracti
on o
f c
ol
or
ps
yc
ho
l
og
y
of ch
il
dre
n…
(
Seon
g
-
Yoo
n Shi
n
)
213
Figure
1. 12
-
c
ol
or
w
heel of it
te
n
Table
3.
Mea
ni
ng
s
Co
ntaine
d i
n
Col
or
s
Co
lo
rs
Meanin
g
s
Co
n
tain
ed
in Co
lo
rs
Gre
y
An
x
iety
,
ex
p
ectati
o
n
s, war
in
ess
and
f
eelin
g
of
inf
eriorit
y
Black
Inv
isib
le,
e
m
p
tin
es
s (f
ear), po
ten
tial a
n
d
po
ss
i
b
ilities, su
p
p
ressio
n
o
f
e
m
o
ti
o
n
W
h
ite
Tr
an
sp
arency
of
sp
irit,
tho
rou
g
h
ly
cle
an
ed
,
p
u
rif
icatio
n
of
th
o
u
g
h
ts o
r
actio
n
s, new
b
eg
in
n
in
g
Orang
e
Pro
m
o
tio
n
of
activities
,
stro
n
g
app
etite,
p
ro
m
o
tio
n
of
so
cializatio
n
Red
Elevate pas
sio
n
,
v
itality
,
blo
o
d
press
u
re,
bre
ath
in
g
,
h
eart
b
eat and
pu
lse rate
s
Enh
an
ce
m
en
t of
ac
tio
n
and
conf
id
en
c
e,
p
rov
id
e sen
se o
f
pro
t
ectio
n
again
st f
ear,
co
n
cerns an
d
worri
es
Orang
e
Ind
u
ces v
itality
,
an
d
elevates b
lo
o
d
press
u
re,
breathi
n
g
a
n
d
heartbeat
Enh
an
ce
m
en
t of
ac
tio
n
and
conf
id
en
c
e,
f
o
cu
ses
on
i
m
ag
in
atio
n
r
ath
er
th
an
actio
n
Red
d
ish
bro
wn
Mater
i
al greed,
ap
p
etite and
d
eg
en
eration
Yello
w
Pro
m
o
te
m
en
tal gr
o
wth
and
nerv
es, i
m
p
rov
e
m
e
m
o
r
y
,
des
ire
f
o
r
af
f
ectio
n
,
d
eg
en
eration
Gree
n
Pacif
icatio
n
and
alleviatio
n
of
tens
io
n
,
allev
iatio
n
of
dep
ressio
n
and
con
ce
rns
,
ab
ility
to
r
ecov
er,
l
ack o
f
self
-
co
n
trol, har
m
o
n
y
,
f
atig
u
e and
su
b
m
i
ss
io
n
Blu
e
Cal
m
n
ess
and
paci
f
icatio
n
,
co
ld
n
ess
,
in
tu
itio
n
,
h
ig
h
ex
p
ectatio
n
of
parents
,
su
p
p
ress
an
d
ob
ed
ien
t
Pu
rple
Ho
p
e and
sp
irituality,
cal
m
s
the
m
in
d
and
nerv
es, pro
m
o
te cr
ea
tiv
ity
and
p
o
o
r
in
terperso
n
al r
elati
o
n
sh
ip
Attrib
utes
of
c
olors
are
e
xtre
m
el
y
br
oad
a
nd
it
is
diff
ic
ult
to
ge
ner
al
iz
e
the
res
pons
e
s
of
ind
i
viduals.
In
orde
r
to
res
olv
e
t
his
pro
bl
e
m
,
it
is
necessary
to
c
om
pr
ehensi
vely
co
nsi
der
the
f
un
ct
i
on
s
of
the
c
ol
or
a
nd
the
ens
uing
psy
cho
lo
gical
sym
bo
ls
and
eff
e
ct
s.
In
this
thes
is,
sensibili
ti
es
database
is
est
ablishe
d
by
m
e
ans
of
the 12
-
col
or
w
heel of
Itte
n, I.R
.I
a
dj
ect
i
ve
i
m
age scale an
d t
he
m
eaning that col
or
s
h
a
ve
.
4.
E
X
T
R
CTIO
N
OF COLO
R PSY
CHOL
O
GY OF
CHI
L
DR
E
N
4
.
1.
K
-
me
an
s
C
lus
tering
K
-
Me
a
ns
cl
us
te
rin
g
al
gorith
m
is
on
e
of
th
e
sim
plest
and
fastest
cl
us
te
r
al
gorithm
s.
Fu
ndam
ental
m
et
ho
d
is
to
r
epeti
ti
vely
find
the
cente
r
of
cl
us
te
r
(cen
t
r
oid)
μ
k
an
d
th
e
cl
us
te
r
to
w
hich
eac
h
data
will
be
aff
il
ia
te
d
with
un
ti
l
the
ta
rget
fu
ncti
on
va
lue
is
m
ini
m
i
zed
as
il
lustra
te
d
belo
w.
T
hi
s
value
is
refe
rr
e
d
at
as iner
ti
a.
In this e
qu
at
i
on, d is
the
dissi
m
il
arity o
f dist
ance
betwee
n
t
he 2
data an
d
i
s d
e
fine
d
as
foll
ow
s:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
1
,
Ja
nu
a
ry
201
9
:
210
–
216
214
Detai
le
d
al
gori
thm
is as f
ollo
ws:
a)
Choose a
r
bitrary centr
oid,
μk. (Us
ually
,
sel
ect
o
ne
of t
he d
at
a sam
ples)
b)
Com
pu
te
the
di
sta
nce fro
m
the cen
tr
oid t
o
ea
ch
sam
ple d
at
a
c)
Re
new the cl
ust
er b
y sel
ect
in
g t
he
ce
ntr
oid
t
ha
t i
s n
eare
st t
o ea
ch data
sam
ple
d)
Com
pu
te
the c
entr
oid
for
t
he c
luster that
h
as
b
ee
n
c
reated a
gain
a
nd
rep
eat
the a
bove
proc
ess of a~
d.
Sett
ing
the
num
ber
or
init
ia
l
cor
e
value
of
K
is
the
m
os
t
i
m
po
rtant
issue
of
t
his
al
gorithm
and
the
r
e
is
no
c
ha
ng
e
i
n
the
c
on
cl
us
i
on
t
hat
the
pr
ocessin
g
ti
m
e
decr
ease
s
if
th
e
K
is
m
ade
as
sm
a
ll
as
po
s
sible.
Ther
e
are
nu
m
erous
al
go
rith
m
s
t
hat
reduce
the
num
ber
of
K
a
nd
dete
r
m
ine
the
co
re
pix
el
.
Am
on
g
these,
the
m
e
tho
d
of
determ
ining
the
num
ber
of
K
an
d
the
co
r
e
pix
el
by
divi
din
g
t
he
RG
B
color
s
pace
into
8
sect
ion
s
was
e
m
plo
ye
d.
4.2.
La
beli
ng
Labeli
ng
si
gn
i
fies
the
w
ork
f
or
assig
ning
uniq
ue
num
ber
to
par
ti
cula
r
pix
el
cl
us
te
r
in
im
age
processi
ng.
N
um
ber
is
al
locat
ed
to
eac
h
gro
up
in
orde
r
to
m
at
ch
the
cl
us
te
red
res
ul
ta
nt
i
m
age
with
the
sensibili
ti
es
da
ta
base.
When
l
abeli
ng,
the
la
bel
num
ber
s
th
at
corres
pond
to
the
col
or
ra
nge
in
the
se
ns
i
bi
li
ti
es
database
w
il
l b
e assig
ned.
4.
3
.
Ex
tra
c
tio
n of
Ps
yc
ho
l
ogy o
f Chil
dre
n
Ex
plainin
g
res
earch
F
or
the
i
m
age
with
in
pu
tt
ed
query,
pix
el
s
with
t
he
sa
m
e
color
c
har
act
erist
ic
s
wer
e
cl
us
te
re
d
by
us
i
ng
the
K
-
m
eans
al
gor
it
h
m
.
W
he
n
cl
us
te
rin
g,
cl
us
te
rs
wit
h
0.
1%
unde
rstan
ding
portio
n
of
the
ov
e
rall
pix
el
num
ber
wer
e
e
xclu
ded.
In
ad
diti
on,
e
ach
of
the
cl
ust
ers
was
assig
ned
with
num
ber
f
or
m
at
ching
with
database
and e
xtracti
on.
Ex
per
im
ent
was
execu
te
d
on
8
-
ye
ar
ol
d
gir
l
to
extract
color
psy
ch
ology
of
c
hildr
e
n.
T
h
is
child
has
regular
reli
gious
act
ivit
y
of
at
te
nd
in
g
c
hur
ch
ser
vices
on
ever
y
S
unday
s
an
d
co
ns
ci
e
nt
iou
sly
purs
uing
he
r
per
s
onal
af
fair
s.
S
he
has
rela
ti
vely
cheer
fu
l
pe
rsonali
ty
an
d
a
dap
ts
well
t
o
her
s
urrou
nding
ve
ry
well
al
ong
with
the
te
nd
e
ncy
of
f
ulfill
in
g
he
r
respo
ns
ib
il
ities.
Howe
ve
r,
s
he
has
intr
overte
d
pe
rs
on
a
li
ty
of
no
t
bein
g
abl
e
to exp
ress her
e
m
otion
s.
S
he dra
ws pict
ure
by ex
te
ns
ively
us
in
g
c
olors i
n blue
ra
ng
e
in o
ver
al
l.
Af
te
r
hav
i
ng
e
xtracted
c
olo
r
-
sp
eci
fic
inf
orm
at
ion
by
us
ing
cl
us
te
rin
g
by
i
nputti
ng
th
is
dr
awi
ng
a
s
qu
e
ry im
age,
it
w
as m
at
ched
with the
se
ns
ib
il
ities database
of the
ch
il
d o
n colo
rs.
5.
E
X
PERI
MEN
TS
This
thesis
w
as
m
at
erial
iz
e
d
with
Visu
al
C+
+
20
15,
a
nd
se
ns
ibil
it
ie
s
DB
was
est
ablishe
d
with
MsSQL
Se
rver
2016.
Pict
ur
e
dra
wn
by
an
8
-
ye
ar
old
girl
wa
s
us
ed
as
th
e
exp
erim
ental
data,
as af
or
em
entioned.
The
Fi
gure
2
il
lustrate
s
extracti
on
of
sensibili
ty
fr
om
natur
e
i
m
age.
I
n
the
Figure
2,
the
1
st
i
m
age
i
s
the
or
igin
al
i
m
age
wh
il
e
t
he
2
nd
i
m
age
i
s
the
cl
us
te
red
i
m
age.
Although
5
cl
us
te
r
s
wer
e
extracte
d
he
re,
3
se
ns
i
bili
ti
es
in
acc
orda
nce
with
t
he
c
olor
s
we
re
e
xtract
ed.
C
olors
with
per
ce
ntages
of
le
ss
than 1
2%
i
n
th
e cluste
r we
re
exclu
ded.
Figure
2. Ext
ra
ct
ion
of sensi
bi
li
ti
es f
ro
m
n
at
ure im
age
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Estab
li
s
hm
e
nt
of emoti
onal
data
base
and
ex
tracti
on o
f c
ol
or
ps
yc
ho
l
og
y
of ch
il
dre
n…
(
Seon
g
-
Yoo
n Shi
n
)
215
Figure 3
il
lustr
at
es
extracti
on o
f
col
or
p
syc
holo
gy
f
ro
m
the
drawi
ng
by
t
he
8
-
ye
ar o
ld
gi
rl
w
ho
is
th
e
su
bject
of
the
e
xp
e
rim
ent.
Here,
3
cl
us
te
rs
w
ere
extracte
d.
The
ext
racted
cl
us
te
r
was
m
a
tc
hed
wit
h
sen
sibil
ity
DB for e
xtracti
on of c
olor
ps
y
ch
ol
og
y
of the
child.
Figure
3. Ext
ra
ct
ion
1 of col
or p
syc
ho
l
og
y
from
the d
ra
wing
by the c
hild
Figure
4
il
lus
trat
es
the
i
m
a
ges
of
extract
ion
of
sensi
bili
ti
es
fr
om
th
e
dr
awi
ngs
by
the
child.
The
fi
gure
il
lu
strat
es
i
m
age
of
picture
c
omplet
ed
by
dr
a
w
ing
desk
i
n
the
m
idd
le
.
Alth
ough
4
cl
us
te
rs
wer
e
detect
ed
i
n
thi
s
im
age,
tho
se
with
pe
rcen
ta
ge
belo
w
12%
we
re
e
xclu
de
d
un
c
onditi
ona
ll
y
reg
ar
dless
of
the
nu
m
ber
of labe
ls.
Figure
4. Ext
ra
ct
ion
of sensi
bi
li
ti
es f
ro
m
the d
ra
wing
by the
ch
il
d
Figure
5
il
lustr
at
es
the
im
age
of
e
xtracti
on
of
col
or
ps
yc
ho
l
og
y
from
the
drawi
ng
by
th
e
child.
As
it
can
be
see
n
in
the
Fig
ur
e,
it
is
dr
a
wing
be
f
ore
the
child
drew
des
k
in
the
m
idd
le
and
th
e
color
of
t
he
wall
is
su
bst
antia
ll
y
dar
ke
r.
Alth
ough
8
cl
us
te
rs
w
e
re
detect
e
d
in
t
his
im
age,
tho
s
e
with
per
ce
nt
age
belo
w
12%
we
re
exclu
ded unc
onditi
onal
ly
. A
s
the
resu
lt
, 3
cl
us
te
rs
, nam
ely, O
r
an
ge, B
lue
and Y
el
lo
w we
re
detect
ed.
Figure
5. Ext
ra
ct
ion
2 of col
or p
syc
ho
l
og
y
from
the d
ra
wing
of the c
hild
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
1
3
, N
o.
1
,
Ja
nu
a
ry
201
9
:
210
–
216
216
Re
su
lt
antly
,
al
thou
gh
Fig
ure
4
a
nd
Fig
ure
5
ha
ve
im
ages
that
are
sli
ghtl
y
dif
fer
e
nt,
it
is
evide
nt
that
there is
no si
gnific
ant d
i
ff
e
rence
in
the
desks
that t
he
c
hildr
e
n wan
te
d
to
express
.
As
the
res
ult
of
ha
ving
e
xec
ut
ed
ex
per
im
ents
su
c
h
as
a
bove
m
or
e
than
10
0
ti
m
es,
it
was
possible
to
deduce t
he foll
ow
i
ng r
es
ults
of
perform
ance ev
al
uatio
n of t
he
syst
em
as f
ol
lows
:
a)
This the
sis u
se
d 12
-
c
olo
r
whe
el
o
f
I
tt
en.
b)
Sens
i
bili
ti
es cog
niti
on a
nd DB
establi
sh
m
ent w
as e
xec
uted t
hroug
h
IR
I
a
dject
ives
of im
a
ge
s
pace.
c)
Color p
syc
holo
gy
was
e
xtracted in
acco
r
dance wit
h
t
he o
bject
ive d
at
a
of s
cho
la
rs.
6.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
In
this t
hesis, c
olor h
a
rm
on
y was ide
ntifie
d by us
in
g
the c
ol
or
m
ixing
info
rm
ation
in
the
colo
r
im
age
sp
ace.
F
or
col
or
har
m
on
y,
c
olors
that
achi
eve
ha
rm
on
y
with
each
oth
e
r
in
the
12
-
col
or
wh
eel
of
Itte
n
we
re
extracte
d.
In
a
dd
it
io
n,
sensi
bi
li
t
y
DB
wa
s
est
ab
li
sh
ed
on
the
basis
of
12
-
c
olo
r
w
hee
l
and
re
su
lt
s
of
c
olo
r
recog
niti
on
on
the
child
by
re
searche
rs.
T
hroug
h
this,
syst
e
m
fo
r
extracti
on
of
the
col
or
ps
yc
ho
l
ogy
from
the
pictures
dr
a
wn
by
c
hild
was
dev
el
op
e
d.
Fir
st,
en
orm
ou
sly
broa
d
col
or
va
lues
a
re
gro
uped
in
the
dra
wing
i
m
ages
of
the
childre
n
by
usi
ng
K
-
Me
ans
cl
us
te
rin
g.
Th
en,
a
ppr
opriat
e
sensi
bili
ti
es
are
e
xtracted
th
rou
gh
m
at
ching
with
sensibili
ti
es
database
an
d
child’s
c
olo
r
ps
yc
ho
l
og
y
was
e
xam
ined
by
us
ing
c
olo
r
distribu
ti
on
char
t.
I
n
ad
diti
on,
it
was
pr
ov
en
thr
ough
ex
pe
rim
ent
that
the
syst
e
m
intro
du
ce
d
in
this
thesis
is
su
pe
rior
ove
r
oth
e
r
syst
em
.
REFERE
NCE
S
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D.
S.
HA
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Seong
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h
is
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and
Ph.D
degr
ee
s
from
th
e
Dept.
of
Com
pute
r
Inform
atio
n
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ne
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ona
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sit
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K
unsan,
Korea
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n
1997
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respe
c
ti
ve
l
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From
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to
the
pre
sen
t,
h
e
has
bee
n
a
profe
ss
o
r
in
th
e
sam
e
de
par
tment.
Hi
s
re
sea
rch
int
er
ests
inc
lud
e
imag
e
pr
oce
ss
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computer
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nd
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rtua
l
re
al
i
t
y
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.