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.
22
,
N
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.
2
,
M
a
y
2021
,
pp
.
835
~
841
IS
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N
:
25
02
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4752
,
D
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1
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a
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c
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us
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K
-
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a
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go
r
i
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m
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t
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d
[9].
K
-
m
e
a
n
s
m
e
t
h
o
d
i
s
a
v
e
r
y
a
pp
r
o
pr
i
a
t
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
i
n
g
r
o
upi
n
g
s
t
u
de
nt
s
b
e
c
a
us
e
of
t
h
e
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
of
K
-
m
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a
n
s
t
h
a
t
do
t
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c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
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o
n
w
i
t
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c
l
e
a
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
In
do
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&
Co
m
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V
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22
,
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o
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2
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202
1
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1
836
a
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d
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c
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v
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a
b
l
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s
[10],
t
hi
s
i
s
i
n
a
c
c
o
r
da
n
c
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w
i
t
h
t
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a
l
l
e
d
by
t
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v
a
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i
a
b
l
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[11].
K
-
m
e
a
n
s
w
a
s
a
l
s
o
pr
o
v
e
n
t
o
b
e
a
b
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t
o
a
na
l
y
z
e
t
h
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a
i
r
-
po
l
l
ut
i
o
n
c
o
n
s
t
i
t
ue
n
t
s
P
M
10
a
nd
B
C
o
v
e
r
a
pe
r
i
o
d
o
f
1
y
e
a
r
by
gr
o
upi
n
g
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
d
a
y
pr
o
f
i
l
e
s
s
o
a
s
t
o
pro
duc
e
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
m
o
de
l
s
t
ha
t
e
xpl
a
i
n
w
e
a
t
h
e
r
c
o
n
di
t
i
o
n
s
,
s
e
a
s
o
n
s
a
nd
d
a
i
l
y
h
um
a
n
a
c
t
i
v
i
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i
e
s
[12]
,
a
n
o
t
h
e
r
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
a
l
s
o
m
e
nt
i
o
n
s
K
-
m
e
a
n
s
a
r
e
us
e
d
i
n
gr
o
upi
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h
y
b
r
i
d
b
a
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d
l
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a
rn
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o
pt
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a
3
p
ha
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h
y
b
r
i
d
c
o
m
pa
ri
s
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
[13].
W
h
e
r
e
t
h
e
t
w
o
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
t
ha
t
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
K
-
M
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a
n
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c
a
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gr
o
upi
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o
f
l
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a
rn
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c
l
a
s
s
e
s
[14].
2.
R
ES
EA
R
C
H
M
ET
H
O
D
2.
1
.
I
n
fo
r
m
ati
o
n
s
ys
te
m
T
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
c
a
n
b
e
i
n
t
e
rp
r
e
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e
d
a
s
a
c
o
l
l
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c
t
i
o
n
o
r
s
e
t
o
f
pr
o
c
e
s
s
e
s
t
ha
t
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
e
w
i
t
h
e
a
c
h
o
t
h
e
r,
a
r
e
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d,
a
n
d
a
r
e
i
nt
e
r
de
pe
n
de
n
t
i
n
do
i
ng
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
go
a
l
s
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
t
h
e
r
e
s
ul
t
o
f
pr
o
c
e
s
s
i
n
g
da
t
a
t
ha
t
c
a
n
b
e
j
us
t
i
f
i
e
d
i
nt
o
a
f
o
r
m
t
ha
t
i
s
b
e
n
e
f
i
c
i
a
l
t
o
t
h
e
r
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c
i
pi
e
n
t
.
In
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
c
a
n
b
e
de
s
c
r
i
b
e
d
a
s
a
s
e
t
of
pr
o
c
e
s
s
e
s
t
h
a
t
p
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c
e
s
s
a
nd
p
r
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s
e
nt
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
s
uc
h
a
w
a
y
t
ha
t
i
t
b
e
n
e
f
i
t
s
t
h
e
r
e
c
i
pi
e
nt
[
15
].
2.
2
.
K
-
M
e
an
s
m
e
th
o
d
Cl
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
ds
a
r
e
i
nt
e
n
de
d
t
o
f
i
n
d
m
o
de
l
s
o
r
f
un
c
t
i
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s
t
ha
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xpl
a
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o
r
d
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s
t
i
ngui
s
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c
o
n
c
e
pt
s
o
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da
t
a
c
l
a
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s
e
s
t
o
b
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a
b
l
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o
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s
t
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a
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c
l
a
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s
a
n
d
o
b
j
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c
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s
w
h
o
s
e
l
a
b
e
l
s
a
r
e
un
k
n
o
w
n
[1
6
]
.
I
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
o
f
gr
o
upi
ng
d
a
t
a
o
r
c
l
us
t
e
r
i
n
g
da
t
a
,
t
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
t
w
o
w
a
y
s
t
ha
t
a
r
e
of
t
e
n
us
e
d,
na
m
e
l
y
c
l
us
t
e
r
i
n
g
hi
e
r
a
r
c
h
y
a
n
d
n
o
n
c
l
us
t
e
r
i
ng
hi
e
ra
r
c
h
y
[17]
.
T
h
e
H
i
e
r
a
r
c
h
y
M
e
t
h
o
d
i
s
a
g
r
o
up
i
n
g
o
f
t
w
o
o
r
m
o
r
e
o
b
j
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c
t
s
t
ha
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v
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t
h
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c
l
o
s
e
s
t
r
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s
e
m
b
l
a
n
c
e
[1
8
].
T
h
e
n
p
r
o
c
e
e
d
t
o
o
t
h
e
r
o
b
j
e
c
t
s
a
n
d
s
o
o
n
s
o
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
c
l
us
t
e
r
w
i
l
l
pr
o
duc
e
a
pa
t
t
e
rn
'
t
r
e
e
'
w
h
e
r
e
t
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
c
l
e
a
r
l
e
v
e
l
s
(h
i
e
r
a
r
c
h
y
)
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
o
bj
e
c
t
s
,
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
t
o
t
h
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l
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a
s
t
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
[19]
.
W
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
n
o
n
-
h
i
e
r
a
r
c
h
y
m
e
t
h
o
d
i
s
i
n
i
t
i
a
l
l
y
s
e
t
by
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
c
l
us
t
e
r
s
(t
w
o
,
t
hr
e
e
,
o
r
o
t
h
e
r
s
)
f
i
r
s
t
[20]
.
A
f
t
e
r
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
c
l
us
t
e
r
s
i
s
de
t
e
rm
i
n
e
d
,
t
h
e
n
t
h
e
c
l
us
t
e
r
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
s
c
a
rri
e
d
o
ut
w
i
t
h
o
ut
f
o
l
l
ow
i
n
g
a
hi
e
ra
r
c
h
i
c
a
l
pr
o
c
e
s
s
o
r
r
a
ndo
m
l
y
[21]
.
K
-
m
e
a
n
s
i
s
a
d
a
t
a
m
e
t
h
o
d
w
i
t
h
a
n
o
n
-
hi
e
r
a
r
c
h
i
c
a
l
m
e
t
h
o
d
t
ha
t
a
i
m
s
t
o
pa
r
t
i
t
i
o
n
da
t
a
i
n
t
o
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
c
l
us
t
e
r
s
[
22
]
.
T
h
e
pu
r
po
s
e
of
t
h
i
s
da
t
a
c
l
us
t
e
ri
n
g
m
e
t
h
o
d
i
s
t
o
m
i
ni
m
i
z
e
t
h
e
o
bj
e
c
t
i
v
e
f
un
c
t
i
o
n
s
e
t
i
n
t
h
e
c
l
us
t
e
r
i
ng
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
[
23
].
F
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
t
a
ge
s
o
f
da
t
a
c
l
us
t
e
r
i
n
g
us
i
n
g
t
h
e
K
-
M
e
a
n
s
m
e
t
h
o
d
i
s
c
o
m
m
o
nl
y
d
o
n
e
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
b
a
s
i
c
a
l
go
r
i
t
hm
a
s
f
o
l
l
ow
s
[
24
]:
a)
T
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
3
c
l
a
s
s
e
s
w
h
i
c
h
w
i
l
l
t
h
e
n
b
e
de
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
d
by
K
-
m
e
a
n
s
n
a
m
e
l
y
c
l
a
s
s
e
s
a
,
b
a
n
d
c
,
w
h
e
r
e
o
n
e
of
t
h
e
s
e
c
l
a
s
s
e
s
b
e
c
o
m
e
s
t
h
e
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
c
l
us
t
e
r
po
i
n
t
.
T
h
e
n
ra
n
d
o
m
l
y
a
s
s
i
gn
pi
e
c
e
s
of
da
t
a
k
a
s
a
s
t
a
r
t
i
n
g
po
i
n
t
c
l
us
t
e
r
,
i
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
e
p
r
a
ndo
m
de
t
e
r
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
s
t
i
l
l
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
c
l
a
s
s
da
t
a
t
ha
t
ha
s
b
e
e
n
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
pr
e
v
i
o
us
l
y
.
b)
E
uc
l
i
d
i
a
n
D
i
s
t
a
n
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i
s
us
e
d
i
n
c
a
l
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a
t
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t
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di
s
t
a
n
c
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be
t
w
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da
t
a
a
n
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c
l
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po
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nt
s
.
T
h
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fo
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m
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a
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b
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d
b
y
t
h
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f
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l
l
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qua
t
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n
[25]
:
d
(
,
=
√
(
1
−
1
)
2
+
(
2
−
2
)
2
+
⋯
+
(
−
)
2
(1)
W
h
e
r
e
,
d
(x
,
c
)
i
s
d
i
s
t
a
n
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t
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b
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d
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t
a
k,
c
i
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ri
b
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k.
c)
T
h
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da
t
a
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s
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pe
r
f
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a
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c
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f
r
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m
c
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r
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f
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us
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r.
If
da
t
a
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b
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n
a
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g
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t
o
c
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c
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r.
H
ow
t
o
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(2)
:
C
k
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n
k
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d
k
(2)
w
h
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Ck
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6952
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8]
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110
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018
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0848
5.
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22]
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