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y
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
h
as
h
f
u
n
ctio
n
th
a
t
f
o
llo
w
s
s
p
o
n
g
e
co
n
s
tr
u
c
tio
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a
n
d
u
s
e
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er
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t h
a
s
a
s
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1
6
0
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it.
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itra
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5
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6
b
it
an
d
th
e
ca
p
a
cit
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1
0
2
4
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it.
T
h
e
ca
p
ac
it
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s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
2
ti
m
e
s
o
f
b
itra
te
t
o
p
r
eser
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e
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as
ic
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ec
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r
it
y
cr
iter
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ab
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h
o
w
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all
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ab
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me
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F
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PG
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Ex
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p
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m
S
a
l
sa2
0
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
DO
L
O
G
Y
2
.
1
B
lo
ck
a
nd
Str
ea
m
c
iph
e
rs
C
ip
h
er
s
s
h
o
u
ld
w
o
r
k
w
it
h
i
n
r
u
les
ca
lled
m
ap
p
i
n
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
Data
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
eith
er
if
it
is
b
lo
ck
m
o
d
e
o
r
s
tr
ea
m
m
o
d
e.
Stre
a
m
m
o
d
e
is
e
f
f
icie
n
t
w
i
th
lar
g
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
d
ata
i
n
p
u
t
w
h
en
th
e
in
p
u
t
le
n
g
th
i
s
u
n
k
n
o
w
n
a
n
d
it
d
ea
ls
w
it
h
b
i
ts
r
ath
er
t
h
a
n
a
b
lo
ck
s
w
h
i
le
b
lo
ck
cip
h
er
is
d
ea
li
n
g
w
it
h
ch
u
n
k
s
o
f
d
ata.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
co
s
t
s
,
b
lo
ck
cip
h
er
is
ch
ea
p
er
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
ea
s
y
to
m
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ip
u
late,
o
n
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
s
tr
ea
m
cip
h
er
is
m
u
c
h
h
ar
d
er
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
an
d
v
er
i
f
y
in
g
o
u
tp
u
ts
b
u
t
it
i
s
f
aster
i
n
e
x
ec
u
t
in
g
.
T
h
e
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
o
f
b
lo
ck
m
o
d
e
allo
w
s
b
u
ild
in
g
an
y
t
h
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
s
tr
ea
m
cip
h
er
s
to
h
as
h
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
r
MA
C
s
.
B
o
th
,
s
tr
ea
m
a
n
d
b
lo
ck
cip
h
er
s
lo
o
k
s
ec
u
r
e
en
o
u
g
h
to
u
s
e.
H
o
w
e
v
er
in
o
u
r
ca
s
e,
b
lo
ck
m
o
d
e
is
o
u
r
c
h
o
ice.
I
n
p
u
t
d
ata
i
s
k
n
o
w
n
,
t
h
an
k
s
to
p
ad
d
in
g
r
u
le
u
s
ed
,
ea
s
ier
to
m
a
n
ip
u
late
an
d
ad
d
ex
tr
a
o
p
er
atio
n
s
to
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
io
n
w
it
h
o
u
t
to
u
c
h
it
s
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
2
.
2
Sp
o
ng
e
co
ns
t
ruct
io
n c
ho
ice
Sp
o
n
g
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
is
a
n
iter
ated
f
u
n
ctio
n
t
h
at
o
p
er
ates
o
n
f
i
x
ed
s
ize
in
ter
n
al
s
tate
s
(
s
tate
w
id
t
h
)
.
I
t
g
o
es
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
r
ee
m
ai
n
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
Fir
s
tl
y
,
p
ad
d
in
g
r
u
le
b
y
ad
d
in
g
en
o
u
g
h
b
its
to
th
e
m
es
s
ag
e
to
let
it
f
it
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
io
n
a
n
d
in
itial
ize
th
e
in
itial
v
al
u
e
to
ze
r
o
s
.
Seco
n
d
ly
,
ab
s
o
r
b
in
g
b
y
XO
R
i
n
g
th
e
m
es
s
ag
e
b
lo
ck
s
in
to
th
e
s
tate
t
h
e
n
r
etu
r
n
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
r
b
its
as
a
p
ar
t
o
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tp
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t
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d
la
s
tl
y
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s
q
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ee
zi
n
g
p
h
a
s
e
w
h
ic
h
i
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
f
in
a
lizin
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th
e
r
o
u
n
d
as
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
n
b
elo
w
.
2
.
3
T
it
a
niu
m
.
T
itan
iu
m
is
a
n
e
w
h
as
h
f
u
n
cti
o
n
th
a
t
f
o
llo
w
s
s
p
o
n
g
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
.
I
t
h
a
s
1
6
0
0
b
it
s
tate.
1
0
2
4
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it
f
o
r
ca
p
ac
it
y
w
h
ic
h
i
s
a
s
ec
u
r
it
y
p
ar
am
eter
a
n
d
5
7
6
b
it
f
o
r
b
itr
ate
w
h
er
e
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
w
ill
o
p
er
ate.
I
t
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
5
7
6
b
it
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ig
est
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u
tp
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t.
T
h
e
1
0
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4
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it
ca
p
ac
ity
i
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
ec
u
r
it
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clai
m
s
s
u
c
h
t
h
at
n
o
attac
k
w
il
l
b
e
ap
p
licab
le
u
n
d
er
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
o
f
2
n
w
it
h
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
h
as
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
n
m
i
cr
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
.
T
ita
n
iu
m
u
s
es
SP
b
lo
ck
cip
h
er
.
T
h
e
s
tate
w
id
t
h
o
f
T
itan
iu
m
is
1
6
0
0
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it,
all
in
it
ialize
d
to
ze
r
o
s
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
in
1
0
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2
0
m
atr
ix
s
tate.
E
ac
h
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m
e
n
t is o
n
e
b
lo
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a
n
d
f
o
u
r
b
lo
ck
s
r
ep
r
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ti
n
g
o
n
e
w
o
r
d
s
ize.
B
itra
te
is
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
in
8
*
9
m
a
tr
ix
.
T
h
er
e
is
n
o
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
if
t
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
w
as
b
et
w
ee
n
an
y
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
ce
ll
s
s
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ce
it
i
s
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lo
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in
g
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n
d
at
t
h
e
e
n
d
o
f
th
e
o
p
er
atio
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,
th
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
ce
w
i
l
l
b
e
in
th
e
d
i
g
es
t
d
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ib
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tio
n
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
a
m
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s
ec
u
r
it
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Fo
r
s
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r
it
y
r
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s
o
n
s
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le
n
g
th
p
ad
d
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g
h
as
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ee
n
u
s
e
d
.
I
t
is
to
ap
p
en
d
“
1
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th
e
n
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s
u
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til t
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er
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m
n
is
t
h
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h
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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Desig
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Fig
u
r
e
1
Sp
o
n
g
e
C
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n
s
tr
u
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Fig
u
r
e2
.
Hig
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li
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h
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ll
s
is
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C
is
ca
p
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it
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2
.
3
F
un
ct
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Af
ter
p
ad
d
in
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m
es
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e
to
th
e
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le
n
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er
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itan
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p
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ates
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i
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u
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C
o
n
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t r
o
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n
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ad
d
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n
d
k
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y
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2
.
4
Ciph
er
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SF
is
a
5
1
2
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it
b
lo
ck
cip
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er
.
I
t
iter
ates
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n
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o
u
r
o
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n
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u
n
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t
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ased
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A
E
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al
g
o
r
ith
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Me
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m
atr
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ates
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4
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[1
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Na
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c
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p
to
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:
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c
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siv
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in
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u
c
ti
o
n
.
P
rin
c
e
to
n
:
P
rin
c
e
to
n
Un
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e
rsity
P
re
ss
.
IS
BN
978
-
0
-
6
9
1
-
1
7
1
6
9
-
2
.
G
.
Be
rto
n
i,
J.
Da
e
m
e
n
,
M
.
P
e
e
ters
,
a
n
d
[2
]
Ja
k
o
b
ss
o
n
,
M
a
rk
u
s;
Ju
e
ls,
A
ri
(1
9
9
9
).
"
P
ro
o
f
s
o
f
W
o
rk
a
n
d
Bre
a
d
P
u
d
d
i
n
g
P
r
o
to
c
o
ls"
.
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
M
u
lt
im
e
d
ia S
e
c
u
rit
y
.
Klu
w
e
r
A
c
a
d
e
m
ic P
u
b
l
ish
e
rs:
2
5
8
–
2
7
2
.
[3
]
Dw
o
rk
,
C
y
n
th
ia;
Na
o
r,
M
o
n
i
(
1
9
9
3
).
"
P
ricin
g
v
ia
P
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
Or,
Co
m
b
a
tt
in
g
Ju
n
k
M
a
il
,
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
in
Cr
y
p
to
lo
g
y
"
.
CRYP
T
O’9
2
:
L
e
c
tu
re
No
tes
in
C
o
m
p
u
ter S
c
ien
c
e
No
.
7
4
0
.
S
p
ri
n
g
e
r:
1
3
9
–
1
4
7
.
[4
]
Na
k
a
m
o
to
,
S
.
(2
0
0
8
).
B
it
c
o
i
n
:
A
p
e
e
r
-
to
-
p
e
e
r
e
lec
tro
n
ic ca
sh
sy
ste
m
.
[5
]
G
rin
b
e
rg
,
R.
(2
0
1
2
).
Bit
c
o
i
n
:
A
n
in
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
a
lt
e
rn
a
ti
v
e
d
ig
it
a
l
c
u
rre
n
c
y
.
Ha
stin
g
s S
c
i.
&
T
e
c
h
.
L
J,
4
,
1
5
9
.
[6
]
Blo
c
k
g
e
e
k
s,
b
l
o
c
k
g
e
e
k
s.c
o
m
/g
u
id
e
s/p
ro
o
f
-
of
-
w
o
rk
-
vs
-
p
ro
o
f
-
of
-
sta
k
e
/.
[7
]
A
.
B
a
c
k
,
"
H
a
sh
c
a
sh
-
a
d
e
n
ial
o
f
se
r
v
ice
c
o
u
n
ter
-
m
e
a
su
re
,
"
h
tt
p
:/
/w
ww
.
h
a
sh
c
a
sh
.
o
rg
/p
a
p
e
rs/h
a
s
h
c
a
sh
.
p
d
f
,
2
0
0
2
.
[8
]
Kin
g
,
S
.
(
2
0
1
3
)
.
P
rim
e
c
o
in
:
Cry
p
to
c
u
rre
n
c
y
w
it
h
p
rim
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
p
ro
o
f
-
of
-
w
o
rk
.
Ju
l
y
7
th
.
[9
]
Bu
ter
in
,
V
it
a
li
k
.
“
W
h
a
t
P
r
o
o
f
o
f
S
tak
e
Is
A
n
d
W
h
y
It
M
a
tt
e
rs.”
Bit
c
o
i
n
M
a
g
a
z
in
e
,
Bit
c
o
in
M
a
g
a
z
in
e
,
2
6
A
u
g
.
2
0
1
3
,
b
i
tco
in
m
a
g
a
z
in
e
.
c
o
m
/
a
rti
c
les
/
w
h
a
t
-
p
ro
o
f
-
of
-
sta
k
e
-
is
-
a
n
d
-
w
h
y
-
it
-
m
a
tt
e
rs
-
1
3
7
7
5
3
1
4
6
3
/.
[1
0
]
A
l
y
ss
a
He
rti
g
.
“
W
h
a
t
Is
Et
h
e
r?
”
Co
in
De
sk
,
2
1
A
p
r.
2
0
1
7
,
w
ww
.
c
o
i
n
d
e
sk
.
c
o
m
/i
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
/w
h
a
t
-
is
-
e
th
e
r
-
e
th
e
re
u
m
-
c
r
y
p
to
c
u
rre
n
c
y
/.
[1
1
]
Cra
n
e
,
F
a
b
ian
Brian
.
“
P
ro
o
f
o
f
W
o
rk
,
P
r
o
o
f
o
f
S
tak
e
a
n
d
th
e
C
o
n
se
n
su
s
De
b
a
te.”
Co
i
n
tele
g
ra
p
h
,
2
0
De
c
.
2
0
1
4
,
c
o
in
tele
g
ra
p
h
.
c
o
m
/n
e
ws
/p
ro
o
f
-
of
-
w
o
rk
-
p
ro
o
f
-
of
-
sta
k
e
-
a
n
d
-
th
e
-
c
o
n
se
n
su
s
-
d
e
b
a
te.
[1
2
]
A
lah
m
a
d
,
M
.
A
.
,
I.
A
l
-
sh
a
ik
h
li
,
e
t
a
l.
(2
0
1
3
).
“
J
o
u
x
mu
lt
ico
ll
isio
n
s
a
tt
a
c
k
in
s
p
o
n
g
e
c
o
n
str
u
c
ti
o
n
”
.
T
h
e
6
t
h
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
S
e
c
u
rit
y
o
f
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
(S
IN),
2
0
1
3
6
th
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
,
A
CM
.
[1
3
]
A
l
A
h
m
a
d
,
M
.
A
.
,
&
A
lsh
a
ik
h
li
,
I.
F
.
(2
0
1
3
)
.
Bro
a
d
v
iew
o
f
c
r
y
p
to
g
ra
p
h
ic
h
a
sh
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
s.
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
Iss
u
e
s
,
1
0
(
4
),
2
3
9
-
2
4
6
.
[1
4
]
S
.
W
u
,
D.
F
e
n
g
,
W
.
W
u
,
J.
G
u
o
,
L
.
Do
n
g
,
a
n
d
J.
Zo
u
.
(
P
se
u
d
o
)
p
re
im
a
g
e
a
tt
a
c
k
o
n
ro
u
n
d
-
re
d
u
c
e
d
G
rø
stl
h
a
sh
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
o
th
e
rs.
I
n
Ca
n
tea
u
t
[9
]
,
p
a
g
e
s 1
2
7
–
1
4
5
.
[1
5
]
W
a
n
g
,
X
iao
y
u
n
,
Ho
n
g
b
o
Yu
,
a
n
d
Yiq
u
n
L
isa
Yin
.
"
E
ff
icie
n
t
c
o
ll
isio
n
se
a
rc
h
a
tt
a
c
k
s o
n
S
HA
-
0
.
"
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s in
Cry
p
to
lo
g
y
–
CRY
PT
O 2
0
0
5
.
S
p
ri
n
g
e
r
Be
rli
n
He
id
e
lb
e
rg
,
2
0
0
5
.
[1
6
]
Na
n
d
i,
M
.
a
n
d
S
.
P
a
u
l
(2
0
1
0
).
"
S
p
e
e
d
in
g
u
p
t
h
e
w
id
e
-
p
ip
e
:
S
e
c
u
re
a
n
d
f
a
st
h
a
sh
in
g
.
"
P
r
o
g
re
ss
in
Cr
y
p
to
lo
g
y
-
IND
OCRY
P
T
2
0
1
0
:
1
4
4
-
1
6
2
.
[1
7
]
El
i
Bih
a
m
a
n
d
Orr
Du
n
k
e
l
m
a
n
,
"
A
F
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
f
o
r
Itera
ti
v
e
H
a
s
h
F
u
n
c
ti
o
n
s
-
HA
IF
A
,
"
Cr
y
p
to
lo
g
y
e
P
rin
t
A
rc
h
iv
e
,
2
0
0
7
.
[
O
n
li
n
e
].
h
t
tp
:/
/ep
rin
t.
iac
r.
o
rg
/
2
0
0
7
/
2
7
8
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
Y
O
F
AUTHO
R
M
o
h
a
m
m
a
d
A
b
d
u
late
e
f
A
l
A
h
m
a
d
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
b
a
c
h
e
lo
r
d
e
g
re
e
in
c
o
m
p
u
ter
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
u
n
iv
e
rsity
o
f
th
e
p
a
c
if
ic
in
2
0
0
2
,
h
is
m
a
ste
r
in
c
o
m
p
u
ter
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
G
u
l
f
u
n
iv
e
rsit
y
in
Ba
h
ra
in
in
2
0
1
1
,
a
n
d
h
is
P
h
D
d
e
g
re
e
in
c
o
m
p
u
ter
sc
ien
c
e
f
ro
m
in
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Isla
m
ic
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
M
a
la
y
sia
(IIUM
)
in
2
0
1
5
.
Hi
s
re
se
a
rc
h
a
re
a
is
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
se
c
u
rit
y
w
h
ich
f
o
c
u
se
s
o
n
c
r
y
p
to
g
ra
p
h
ic
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
a
n
d
p
ro
to
c
o
ls.
M
y
fa
v
o
u
rit
e
sp
e
c
i
f
ic
re
se
a
rc
h
to
p
ics
a
re
d
e
si
g
n
in
g
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
h
a
sh
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
s,
c
ry
p
to
c
u
rre
n
c
y
a
n
d
c
r
y
p
to
g
ra
p
h
y
in
g
e
n
e
ra
l.
M
y
fa
v
o
rit
e
h
a
sh
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
s a
re
G
e
a
r,
Do
u
b
le A
a
n
d
T
it
a
n
iu
m
c
r
y
p
to
g
ra
p
h
ic h
a
sh
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
s.
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