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Diag
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ed
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ap
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ag
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s
s
u
f
f
er
in
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m
lo
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ast
[1
-
3]
.
I
n
ad
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X
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r
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ac
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tr
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f
ec
t
o
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th
e
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r
ap
h
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ag
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s
[
4
]
.
T
h
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li
m
i
tatio
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s
h
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te
n
d
en
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w
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tis
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s
d
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[5
-
6]
.
Fu
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[
7
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]
.
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An
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a
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eo
p
las
m
o
f
th
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[
8
]
.
I
n
itiati
v
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to
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v
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co
m
e
th
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ab
o
v
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p
r
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b
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et
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u
c
h
as
i
m
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g
e
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
[9
-
11]
.
I
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ag
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h
an
ce
m
e
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t
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s
th
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p
r
o
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m
ag
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al
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te
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u
m
an
o
r
m
ac
h
i
n
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
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[
12
]
.
E
n
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
m
eth
o
d
s
h
elp
to
in
cr
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co
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etail
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p
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v
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t
h
e
i
m
ag
e
q
u
alit
y
[
13
]
.
Go
o
d
q
u
alit
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i
m
ag
e
s
m
ad
e
it
p
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s
ib
le
to
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[
14
]
.
Ho
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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Vo
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12
,
No
.
1
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
2
3
9
–
245
240
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1
5
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.
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g
es
a
s
s
ess
t
h
e
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
ele
m
e
n
t
s
o
f
p
er
iap
ical
d
is
ea
s
e
lesi
o
n
al
s
o
h
as b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
also
an
in
v
esti
g
at
io
n
o
f
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
s
u
b
jectiv
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
b
y
d
en
tis
t
s
in
ass
e
s
s
i
n
g
th
e
d
is
ag
r
ee
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
b
o
r
d
er
lin
e
ca
s
e
s
i
n
p
er
iap
ical
d
is
ea
s
e
le
s
io
n
s
[
1
9
]
.
Su
b
j
ec
tiv
e
ev
al
u
a
tio
n
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
ass
es
s
m
en
t
b
y
h
u
m
a
n
b
ased
o
n
t
h
eir
j
u
d
g
m
en
t
s
[
20
]
.
It
u
s
u
a
ll
y
i
n
cl
u
d
es
h
u
m
a
n
v
is
u
al
i
n
te
r
p
r
etatio
n
an
d
u
s
ed
s
tatis
t
ical
m
eth
o
d
s
s
u
c
h
as
A
NOV
A
an
d
k
ap
p
a
s
tatis
tics
[
1
5
]
,
[
2
1
-
2
2
]
.
Ob
j
e
ctiv
e
ev
al
u
ati
o
n
o
n
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
u
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
C
I
I
,
SNR
,
R
MSE
a
n
d
MSE
as
t
h
e
m
ea
n
s
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
en
h
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
2
3
-
2
4
]
.
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
u
s
ed
C
I
I
as o
b
j
e
ctiv
e
ev
a
lu
at
io
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
lo
w
co
n
tr
as
t
ca
n
b
e
o
v
er
co
m
e
b
y
ap
p
l
y
in
g
i
m
a
g
e
en
h
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
(
I
E
A
s
)
.
P
r
ev
io
u
s
w
o
r
k
s
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
I
E
As h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
ap
p
lied
to
d
en
ta
l i
m
a
g
es.
E
x
a
m
p
le
o
f
I
E
A
s
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
ap
p
lied
ar
e
s
m
o
o
th
in
g
f
ilter
s
,
s
h
ar
p
en
i
n
g
f
ilter
,
n
e
g
ati
v
e
f
i
lter
,
h
is
to
g
r
a
m
eq
u
aliza
tio
n
(
HE
)
an
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
h
is
to
g
r
a
m
eq
u
aliza
tio
n
(
A
HE
)
[
1
0
]
,
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
cu
r
r
en
t in
v
es
t
ig
atio
n
is
li
m
ited
i
n
s
e
n
s
e
o
f
; c
o
m
p
ar
i
n
g
b
et
w
ee
n
f
il
m
ed
b
ased
a
n
d
d
ig
it
ized
d
en
tal
i
m
a
g
es
an
d
co
m
p
ar
in
g
w
i
th
a
n
d
w
it
h
o
u
t
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
s
b
et
w
ee
n
o
r
ig
in
al
a
n
d
en
h
a
n
ce
d
i
m
a
g
es
o
n
l
y
.
L
i
m
i
ted
w
o
r
k
is
d
o
n
e
to
u
til
ize
i
m
ag
e
e
n
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
to
w
ar
d
s
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
o
f
d
ig
ital
i
n
tr
a
-
o
r
al
d
en
tal
r
ad
io
g
r
ap
h
s
im
ag
e
s
.
C
h
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
s
o
f
d
en
tal
i
m
a
g
es
ar
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
d
u
e
to
ca
s
e
s
o
f
ea
r
l
y
ca
n
ce
r
d
etec
tio
n
co
m
e
f
r
o
m
r
o
u
tin
e
d
en
tal
c
h
ec
k
-
u
p
[
2
6
-
27]
an
d
th
e
r
elat
io
n
o
f
d
en
tal
d
is
ea
s
e
to
ca
n
ce
r
[
2
8
-
3
0
]
.
Den
tal
i
m
a
g
es
al
s
o
ar
e
u
n
d
er
u
tili
ze
d
;
t
h
er
e
ar
e
a
h
u
g
e
co
llectio
n
o
f
d
en
tal
m
ed
ical
i
m
ag
e
s
,
b
u
t li
m
ited
u
s
ag
e
d
o
n
e
to
w
ar
d
s
d
is
ea
s
es c
h
a
r
ac
ter
izatio
n
.
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
in
itiates
th
e
e
v
al
u
at
io
n
o
f
s
u
b
j
ec
tiv
e
-
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
m
a
tch
i
n
g
e
v
al
u
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
p
ath
o
lo
g
ical
f
ea
t
u
r
es
o
f
d
ig
ital
i
n
tr
a
-
o
r
al
d
en
tal
r
ad
io
g
r
ap
h
s
.
A
b
n
o
r
m
alitie
s
o
f
in
ter
est
w
er
e
p
er
iap
ical
r
ad
io
lu
ce
n
y
(
P
A
)
,
w
id
en
p
er
i
o
d
o
n
tal
lig
a
m
e
n
t
s
p
ac
e
(
w
id
e
n
P
DL
s
)
an
d
lo
s
s
o
f
L
a
m
i
n
a
Du
r
a
(
L
o
s
s
o
f
L
D)
.
T
h
e
en
h
a
n
ce
d
i
m
ag
e
an
d
t
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
a
ir
e
v
ie
w
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
ec
tiv
e
e
v
alu
a
tio
n
h
as p
o
ten
tial to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
d
en
ti
s
ts
‟
s
u
b
j
ec
tiv
e
ev
al
u
at
io
n
.
2
.
RE
SE
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
in
itia
l
p
h
a
s
e
w
h
ich
co
n
s
i
s
t
o
f
i
m
a
g
e
co
llectio
n
,
i
m
a
g
e
e
n
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
h
ase
i
s
s
u
b
j
ec
tiv
e
e
v
alu
a
tio
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
last
p
h
ase
is
t
h
e
r
u
le
to
eli
m
i
n
ate
t
h
e
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
d
en
tis
ts
‟
s
co
r
e.
2
.
1
.
I
nitia
l P
ha
s
e
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
co
llected
1
3
2
o
r
ig
in
al
i
n
tr
a
-
o
r
al
d
en
tal
i
m
a
g
es.
P
r
io
r
t
o
th
at,
th
e
eth
ic
ap
p
licatio
n
w
as
d
o
n
e.
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
v
al
w
a
s
m
ad
e
b
y
Un
iv
er
s
iti
T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
AR
A
E
th
ica
l
C
o
m
m
it
tee
(
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
No
:
6
0
0
-
R
MI
(
5
/1
/6
)
.
T
h
e
r
aw
X
-
r
a
y
r
ad
io
g
r
ap
h
s
f
il
m
ar
e
ta
k
e
n
f
r
o
m
Facu
lt
y
o
f
De
n
ti
s
tr
y
,
UiT
M
Sh
a
h
A
la
m
u
s
in
g
P
lan
m
ec
a
I
n
tr
a
-
o
r
al
m
ac
h
i
n
e.
T
h
e
d
ig
ital
f
o
r
m
s
ar
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
Sca
n
m
ak
er
1
0
0
0
XL
Mic
r
o
tek
s
ca
n
n
er
w
it
h
r
eso
l
u
tio
n
o
f
6
4
0
0
X3
2
0
0
d
p
i,
w
it
h
4
8
b
it c
o
lo
r
.
6
0
k
V
an
d
8
m
A
X
-
r
a
y
m
ac
h
in
e
s
e
tti
n
g
ar
e
u
s
ed
b
y
X
-
r
a
y
o
p
er
ato
r
t
o
ac
q
u
ir
e
th
e
in
tr
a
-
o
r
al
d
en
tal
r
ad
i
o
g
r
ap
h
s
.
T
h
ese
i
m
a
g
es
ar
e
t
h
en
e
n
h
an
c
ed
b
y
t
h
r
ee
I
E
As
alg
o
r
ith
m
n
a
m
el
y
;
S
AHE
,
S
MA
HE
a
n
d
SC
L
A
HE
;
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
5
2
8
en
h
a
n
ce
d
i
m
a
g
es.
T
h
e
en
h
an
ce
d
i
m
ag
e
s
th
an
w
e
n
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
.
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
ev
alu
a
tio
n
u
s
ed
is
C
o
n
tr
as
t
I
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
I
n
d
e
x
(
C
I
I
)
.
C
I
I
is
th
e
p
o
p
u
lar
in
d
ex
u
s
ed
b
y
r
ad
io
lo
g
i
s
t
to
ch
ec
k
th
e
v
i
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
le
s
io
n
s
i
n
r
a
d
io
g
r
ap
h
s
[
3
1
]
.
I
t
is
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
C
_
p
r
o
ce
s
s
e
s
⁄
C
_
Ori
g
in
a
l
w
h
er
e
b
o
th
ar
e
th
e
co
n
tr
ast
v
alu
e
s
f
o
r
th
e
r
eg
io
n
o
f
in
ter
es
t
in
th
e
en
h
a
n
ce
d
i
m
a
g
e
s
an
d
o
r
ig
i
n
al
i
m
a
g
es r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
[
31
]
.
C
is
d
ef
in
ed
as i
n
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
[
32
–
33
];
C
=
(
f
-
b
)
/
(
f+b
)
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
f
is
th
e
m
ea
n
g
r
a
y
-
le
v
el
v
alu
e
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
an
d
b
is
th
e
m
ea
n
g
r
a
y
-
le
v
el
v
al
u
e
o
f
th
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
E
ac
h
o
f
th
e
e
n
h
a
n
ce
d
i
m
a
g
es
w
i
ll h
av
e
th
e
C
I
I
v
al
u
es.
2
.
2
.
Su
bje
ct
iv
e
E
v
a
lua
t
io
n
T
h
e
en
h
an
ce
d
i
m
a
g
es
w
er
e
t
h
en
s
u
b
j
ec
tiv
el
y
e
v
al
u
ated
b
y
1
4
d
en
tis
t
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
to
tal
s
u
b
j
ec
tiv
e
ev
alu
a
tio
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
is
2
0
3
2
ev
alu
a
tio
n
s
.
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
ag
e
s
u
s
e
d
in
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
ec
tiv
e
ev
alu
a
tio
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
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J
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&
C
o
m
p
Sci
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N:
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u
b
jective
-
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tch
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a
tio
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p
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a
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a
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…
(
S
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r
p
a
h
A
h
ma
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)
241
T
ab
le
1
.
Su
m
m
ar
y
o
f
d
ata/i
m
a
g
es
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e
f
o
r
s
u
b
j
ec
tiv
e
ev
alu
a
tio
n
s
I
t
e
m
Q
u
e
st
i
o
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n
a
i
r
e
N
o
.
o
f
I
mag
e
s
T
o
t
a
l
O
b
se
r
v
a
t
i
o
n
1
0
i
m
a
g
e
s
3
0
i
m
a
g
e
s
5
6
i
m
a
g
e
s
3
6
i
m
a
g
e
s
X
3
d
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n
t
i
st
s
X
3
d
e
n
t
i
st
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X
5
d
e
n
t
i
st
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X
3
d
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n
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i
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X
4
(
o
r
i
a
n
d
3
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
i
mag
e
s)
X
4
(
o
r
i
a
n
d
3
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
i
mag
e
s)
X
4
(
o
r
i
a
n
d
3
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
i
mag
e
s)
X
4
(
o
r
i
a
n
d
3
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
i
mag
e
s)
1
2
0
3
6
0
1
1
2
0
4
3
2
T
h
e
s
u
b
j
ec
tiv
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
is
d
o
n
e
u
s
i
n
g
q
u
es
tio
n
n
air
e.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
‟
s
q
u
esti
o
n
s
a
r
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
f
o
u
r
ca
teg
o
r
ies.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
ca
teg
o
r
y
ac
ce
s
s
es
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
q
u
alit
y
(
I
m
g
Q)
w
it
h
5
-
p
o
in
t
s
ca
le
r
atin
g
s
co
r
e;
1
=th
e
i
m
a
g
e
is
v
er
y
p
o
o
r
;
2
=t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
is
p
o
o
r
;
3
=th
e
im
a
g
e
is
ac
ce
p
tab
le;
4
=
th
e
i
m
ag
e
is
g
o
o
d
an
d
5
=
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
i
s
v
er
y
g
o
o
d
.
T
h
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
o
f
th
e
P
A
,
w
id
en
P
DL
s
an
d
L
o
s
s
o
f
L
D
ab
n
o
r
m
al
ities
u
s
e
s
a
3
-
p
o
in
t
s
ca
le.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
r
ab
s
en
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
er
iap
ical
p
at
h
o
lo
g
ie
s
is
s
co
r
ed
u
s
i
n
g
3
-
p
o
in
t
s
ca
l
e.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
f
o
r
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
P
A
ab
n
o
r
m
ali
t
y
th
e
s
ca
le
is
as
f
o
llo
w
s
;
s
co
r
e=
1
;
P
A
d
etec
ted
;
s
co
r
e
=2
;
n
o
P
A
ab
n
o
r
m
alit
y
d
etec
ted
b
u
t
o
th
er
ab
n
o
r
m
alit
y
d
etec
ted
.
s
co
r
e
=3
;
n
o
P
A
d
etec
ted
,
an
d
n
o
ab
n
o
r
m
alit
y
d
etec
ted
.
T
h
ir
d
an
d
f
o
u
r
t
h
ca
te
g
o
r
ies
a
l
s
o
u
s
e
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
3
-
p
o
in
t
s
ca
les
s
i
m
ilar
to
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ca
te
g
o
r
y
,
b
u
t
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
w
id
e
n
P
DL
s
a
n
d
L
o
s
s
o
f
L
D
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
r
atin
g
d
etail
s
ca
le
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
o
u
r
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
w
o
r
k
[
9
]
[1
8
].
2
.
2
.
1
Q
ues
t
io
nn
a
ire
Set
s
Fo
u
r
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
d
o
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
.
T
w
o
s
ets
o
f
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e
t
er
m
as
1
0
i
m
a
g
es
an
d
3
0
i
m
a
g
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
u
p
er
v
i
s
ed
t
w
i
n
-
v
ie
w
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
O
n
e
s
et
o
f
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es,
ter
m
as
5
6
im
a
g
es
h
ad
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
f
o
r
u
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
r
an
d
o
m
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
e
last
s
et
i
s
ter
m
ed
as
3
6
i
m
a
g
es
w
er
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
u
p
er
v
i
s
ed
r
an
d
o
m
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
.
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
elab
o
r
ates t
h
e
d
etails o
f
th
e
f
o
u
r
s
et
s
o
f
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e
s
.
2
.
2
.
2
Su
perv
is
ed
T
w
in
-
v
iew
Appro
a
ch
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
et
ter
m
a
s
1
0
i
m
a
g
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an
d
3
0
i
m
a
g
es
u
s
ed
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
t
w
i
n
-
v
ie
w
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
S
u
p
er
v
is
ed
m
ea
n
s
,
t
h
er
e
i
s
a
n
a
s
s
i
s
ta
n
ce
b
esid
es
t
h
e
d
e
n
ti
s
ts
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
e
v
al
u
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
t
w
i
n
-
v
ie
w
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
r
ef
er
r
ed
th
e
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
i
m
ag
e
s
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
ec
tiv
e
ev
a
lu
at
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
o
r
ig
in
al
an
d
en
h
a
n
ce
d
i
m
a
g
e
s
w
er
e
p
u
t sid
e
b
y
s
id
e
as in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
an
s
w
er
in
g
s
e
s
s
io
n
is
ab
o
u
t 2
h
o
u
r
s
.
T
h
e
s
o
f
tco
p
y
o
f
th
e
d
en
tal
r
ad
io
g
r
ap
h
i
m
a
g
es
is
v
ie
w
ed
u
s
i
n
g
W
in
d
o
w
s
P
h
o
to
Galler
y
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
T
h
e
A
ce
r
A
s
p
ir
e
4
7
2
0
n
o
teb
o
o
k
co
m
p
u
ter
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
v
ie
w
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
es.
T
h
e
m
o
n
ito
r
r
eso
l
u
tio
n
is
1
2
8
0
X
8
0
0
p
ix
el
an
d
3
2
-
b
it
co
lo
r
d
ep
th
w
i
th
s
cr
ee
n
s
ize
o
f
1
4
.
1
in
ch
.
T
h
e
d
en
ti
s
t
is
f
r
ee
to
zo
o
m
in
an
d
o
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
es
as
h
e/
s
h
e
w
i
s
h
e
s
.
Af
ter
co
n
f
ir
m
i
n
g
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
e
v
al
u
atio
n
,
th
e
d
en
ti
s
t
w
il
l
tic
k
th
e
p
r
in
ted
q
u
e
s
t
io
n
n
air
e
f
o
r
r
ec
o
r
d
p
u
r
p
o
s
es.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ix
d
en
ti
s
ts
in
v
o
l
v
ed
in
t
h
i
s
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
ati
o
n
.
T
h
r
ee
d
en
tis
ts
ar
e
f
r
o
m
S
h
ah
Ala
m
an
d
t
h
r
ee
ar
e
f
r
o
m
Ku
b
a
n
g
Ker
ia
n
.
T
ab
le
2
.
T
a
b
u
lated
o
r
ig
in
al
i
m
ag
e
an
d
en
h
a
n
ce
d
i
m
a
g
es (
S
AHE
,
SMAHE
an
d
SC
L
AHE
)
f
o
r
T
w
i
n
v
ie
w
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
S
A
H
E
S
M
A
H
E
S
C
L
A
H
E
2
.
2
.
3
Uns
up
er
v
is
ed
Ra
nd
o
m
-
v
iew
Appro
a
ch
T
h
e
5
6
im
ag
e
s
s
et
u
s
e
s
u
n
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
r
an
d
o
m
v
ie
w
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
Un
s
u
p
er
v
i
s
ed
m
ea
n
s
t
h
e
d
en
ti
s
t
s
an
s
w
er
th
e
q
u
est
io
n
n
air
e
at
h
is
/h
er
o
w
n
f
r
ee
ti
m
e
w
it
h
o
u
t
th
e
r
esear
c
h
er
‟
s
as
s
is
tan
ce
.
R
an
d
o
m
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
w
h
er
e
th
e
d
en
t
is
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
k
n
o
w
w
h
ic
h
i
m
a
g
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
an
d
w
h
ich
i
m
a
g
e
is
i
s
th
e
e
n
h
a
n
c
ed
im
a
g
e
s
.
Firstl
y
,
th
e
i
m
a
g
es
w
er
e
id
en
ti
f
ied
an
d
n
a
m
ed
as
o
r
ig
in
al
li
s
ti
n
g
s
.
T
h
en
,
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
an
d
o
m
s
eq
u
en
ce
g
e
n
er
ato
r
f
r
o
m
R
an
d
o
m
.
o
r
g
,
th
e
r
an
d
o
m
n
u
m
b
er
s
w
er
e
g
e
n
er
ated
.
T
h
e
i
m
ag
e
s
o
n
t
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
a
ir
es
w
er
e
id
en
ti
f
ied
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
r
an
d
o
m
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
.
T
h
e
r
a
n
d
o
m
an
d
o
r
ig
in
al
s
eq
u
en
ce
w
er
e
m
atc
h
ed
b
ac
k
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
r
esu
l
ts
.
E
ac
h
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
es
w
as
p
lace
d
o
n
e
i
m
ag
e
p
er
p
ag
e
o
n
t
h
e
p
r
in
ted
q
u
est
io
n
n
air
e.
A
d
u
r
at
io
n
o
f
t
h
r
ee
-
m
o
n
t
h
s
w
a
s
g
iv
e
n
to
th
e
d
en
ti
s
ts
to
an
s
w
er
t
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
a
ir
es.
T
h
e
s
o
f
tco
p
y
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
es
i
s
v
ie
w
ed
u
s
i
n
g
a
1
4
”
co
m
p
u
ter
m
o
n
ito
r
w
ith
a
r
eso
l
u
tio
n
o
f
1
2
8
0
X
1
0
2
4
in
th
e
o
r
d
in
ar
y
lectu
r
er
r
o
o
m
.
Fi
v
e
d
en
tis
ts
ar
e
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
an
s
w
er
i
n
g
t
h
e
q
u
es
tio
n
n
air
e
s
an
d
all
o
f
t
h
e
m
ar
e
f
r
o
m
K
u
b
an
g
Ker
i
a
n
,
Kela
n
ta
n
,
Ma
la
y
s
ia.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
1
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
2
3
9
–
245
242
2
.
2
.
4
Su
perv
is
ed
Ra
nd
o
m
-
v
i
ew
Appro
a
ch
T
h
e
3
6
i
m
ag
e
s
u
s
ed
s
u
p
er
v
is
e
d
r
an
d
o
m
v
ie
w
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
e
v
ie
w
i
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
i
s
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
as
t
h
e
5
6
i
m
a
g
es
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e,
b
u
t
it
i
s
co
n
d
u
cted
in
t
w
o
h
o
u
r
s
w
i
t
h
an
as
s
i
s
tan
ce
.
O
n
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
ter
m
o
n
i
to
r
,
o
n
e
i
m
a
g
e
is
v
ie
w
ed
at
a
ti
m
e.
T
h
e
d
en
ti
s
t
is
f
r
ee
to
zo
o
m
i
n
o
r
o
u
t
as
s
h
e/
h
e
w
i
s
h
e
s
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
u
ter
L
ap
to
p
m
o
n
ito
r
(
1
4
”
T
o
s
h
ib
a
Satellit
e
L
7
4
5
)
w
i
th
a
s
cr
ee
n
r
eso
lu
ti
o
n
o
f
1
2
8
0
X
7
2
0
p
ix
el
an
d
3
2
-
b
it
co
lo
r
d
ep
th
is
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
.
2
.
3
T
he
s
td
=
0
Rule
Af
ter
g
etti
n
g
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
ec
tiv
e
e
v
alu
atio
n
,
n
e
w
r
u
le
ter
m
a
s
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
eq
u
al
ze
r
o
(
s
t
d
=0
)
,
w
as
ap
p
lied
to
f
ilter
th
e
s
u
b
j
ec
tiv
e
ev
alu
atio
n
.
Stan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
(
s
td
)
d
ef
in
es
t
h
e
w
a
y
d
ata
is
ce
n
ter
ed
ab
o
u
t
th
e
m
ea
n
.
Su
b
j
ec
tiv
e
e
v
al
u
atio
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
q
u
est
io
n
n
air
e
a
n
s
w
er
ed
b
y
t
h
e
d
en
t
is
t
s
is
th
e
m
ai
n
d
ata.
I
t
co
m
e
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
5
-
p
o
in
t
s
ca
le
f
o
r
i
m
ag
e
q
u
alit
y
g
r
ad
i
n
g
s
co
r
e
an
d
t
h
e
3
-
p
o
in
t
s
ca
le
f
o
r
ab
n
o
r
m
alit
y
d
etec
tio
n
s
co
r
e.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
s
ar
e
ca
lc
u
lated
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
a
g
r
ee
m
e
n
t
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
d
en
tis
t
s
‟
e
v
alu
a
tio
n
[
3
8
]
.
s
td
=0
m
ea
n
t
h
at
all
th
e
d
en
tis
t
s
h
av
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
o
p
i
n
io
n
th
at
th
e
ab
n
o
r
m
al
ities
e
x
is
t
i
n
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e.
T
h
e
v
al
u
es
a
r
e
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
i
n
g
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t
E
x
ce
l
2
0
0
7
f
o
r
m
u
la
o
f
=std
e
v
(
n
u
m
b
er
1
,
[
n
u
m
b
er
2
]
…)
.
T
h
e
r
u
le
w
as
u
s
ed
to
el
i
m
i
n
ate
i
m
a
g
es
t
h
at
h
av
e
s
co
r
e‟
s
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
.
O
n
l
y
i
m
a
g
es t
h
at
h
a
v
e
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
ex
a
ct
s
co
r
e
w
er
e
s
elec
ted
.
3
.
RE
SUL
T
S
A
ND
ANA
L
YSI
S
R
es
u
lts
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
ter
m
o
f
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
s
u
b
j
ec
tiv
e
an
d
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
.
Su
b
j
ec
tiv
e
ev
alu
a
tio
n
is
ill
u
s
tr
ated
b
ased
o
n
i
m
a
g
e
q
u
alit
y
g
r
ad
e.
On
l
y
s
co
r
e=
3
an
d
s
co
r
e=
4
is
tak
en
as
f
i
n
al
g
o
o
d
i
m
ag
e
q
u
alit
y
.
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
ev
alu
at
i
o
n
is
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
ter
m
o
f
C
I
I
v
alu
e
s
.
3
.
1
.
I
m
a
g
e
Q
ua
lity
T
ab
le
3
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
s
u
b
j
ec
tiv
e
an
d
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
m
a
tch
i
n
g
ev
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u
atio
n
f
o
r
i
m
ag
e
q
u
al
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y
as
s
es
s
m
e
n
t
t
h
at
ar
e
ab
le
t
o
m
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t
t
h
e
s
td
=0
cr
iter
ia.
T
h
er
e
w
er
e
o
n
l
y
5
9
i
m
ag
e
s
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
t
h
e
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
i
n
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
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tiv
e
e
v
alu
a
tio
n
i
s
h
u
g
e
f
o
r
i
m
a
g
e
q
u
al
it
y
.
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m
t
h
e
2
0
3
2
s
u
b
j
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tiv
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ev
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a
tio
n
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n
l
y
5
9
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m
a
g
es
(
2
.
9
%)
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le
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s
td
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u
le.
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o
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g
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th
e
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e
s
e
ts
,
m
aj
o
r
ity
o
f
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m
ag
e
s
co
m
e
f
r
o
m
3
6
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m
a
g
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(
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5
i
m
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g
es)
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i
th
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a
n
d
o
m
v
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w
v
i
e
w
i
n
g
ap
p
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h
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d
AHE
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o
w
e
v
er
,
th
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i
m
a
g
e
q
u
alit
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s
c
o
r
e=
1
.
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h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
q
u
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lit
y
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y
p
o
o
r
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cu
s
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
g
o
o
d
im
ag
e
q
u
alit
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s
co
r
e
(
s
co
r
e=
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)
; th
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r
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u
lt c
o
m
e
f
r
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m
3
0
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g
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n
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t
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g
ap
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h
,
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s
e
v
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m
a
g
es.
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I
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v
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e
s
f
o
r
g
o
o
d
i
m
ag
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q
u
alit
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is
1
.
4
9
.
T
ab
le
3
.
Su
b
j
ec
tiv
e
-
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
m
atc
h
in
g
e
v
alu
a
tio
n
f
o
r
I
m
a
g
e
Qu
alit
y
3
.
2
.
P
er
i
a
pica
l R
a
dio
lucency
(
P
A)
a
bn
o
rm
a
lity
T
ab
le
4
illu
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
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tiv
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n
d
o
b
j
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tiv
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m
atc
h
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n
g
e
v
alu
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tio
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f
o
r
P
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ab
n
o
r
m
ali
t
y
.
d
etec
tio
n
th
at
w
as
ab
le
to
m
ee
t
th
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st
d
=
0
cr
iter
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1
3
7
im
a
g
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er
e
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le
to
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ee
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th
e
cr
iter
ia.
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m
t
h
e
2
0
3
2
s
u
b
j
ec
tiv
e
ev
alu
a
tio
n
s
,
6
.
7
%
w
a
s
ab
le
to
m
ee
t
s
td
=0
r
u
le.
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o
o
k
in
g
at
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
a
ir
e
s
et
s
,
m
aj
o
r
ity
o
f
i
m
a
g
es
co
m
e
f
r
o
m
3
6
i
m
a
g
e
s
s
et
(
2
6
i
m
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g
es)
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ith
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
r
an
d
o
m
v
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w
i
n
g
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
an
d
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HE
.
H
o
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
q
u
alit
y
s
co
r
e=
3
;
w
h
ic
h
m
ea
n
s
,
“
No
p
er
iap
ical
r
ad
io
lu
ce
n
c
y
d
etec
ted
,
an
d
n
o
ab
n
o
r
m
a
li
t
y
d
etec
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”.
I
E
As
w
a
s
ab
le
to
g
et
th
e
h
ig
h
est
s
co
r
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1
(
P
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r
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w
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f
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m
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No
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245
244
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tra
o
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to
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p
o
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l,
t
u
b
e
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rre
n
t
a
n
d
e
x
p
o
su
re
ti
m
e
s
e
tt
in
g
.
He
a
l.
J
.
2
0
1
1
;
3
:
2
9
2
–
2
9
9
.
[2
]
Ok
a
n
o
T
,
S
u
r
J.
Ra
d
iatio
n
d
o
se
a
n
d
p
ro
tec
ti
o
n
in
d
e
n
ti
st
ry
.
J
a
p
a
n
e
se
De
n
ta
l
S
c
ien
c
e
Rev
iew.
2
0
1
0
;
4
6
:
1
1
2
-
1
2
1
.
[3
]
P
ra
v
e
e
n
BN,
S
h
u
b
h
a
sin
i
A
R,
Bh
a
n
u
sh
re
e
R,
S
u
m
su
m
P
S
,
S
u
s
h
m
a
CN.
Ra
d
iati
o
n
in
De
n
tal
P
ra
c
ti
c
e
:
Aw
a
re
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e
ss
,
P
r
o
tec
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n
d
Re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
ti
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.
T
h
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Jo
u
rn
a
l
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f
Co
n
tem
p
o
ra
ry
D
e
n
tal
P
ra
c
ti
c
e
.
2
0
1
3
;1
4
(1
):
1
4
3
-
1
4
8
.
[4
]
K
ru
p
i
n
sk
i
E.
Cu
rre
n
t
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
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s
in
m
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d
ica
l
i
m
a
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p
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p
ti
o
n
.
At
ten
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Per
c
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p
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Psy
c
h
o
p
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s
.
2
0
1
0
;
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2
(5
):
1
2
0
5
–
1
2
1
7
.
[5
]
Ba
se
ri
H.
In
tro
d
u
c
in
g
a
De
n
tal
Ca
ries
M
a
rk
in
g
S
o
f
t
w
a
r
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a
n
d
Ev
a
lu
a
te
Ra
d
io
lo
g
ists‟
Disa
g
re
e
m
e
n
t
in
Ca
ries
De
tec
ti
o
n
Us
in
g
th
is
S
o
f
tw
a
re
.
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
De
n
ta
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Bi
o
ma
ter
ia
ls,
2
0
1
5
;
2
(
1
):
1
0
-
1
7
.
[6
]
A
h
m
a
d
S
.
A
,
T
a
ib
M
.
N,
Kh
a
li
d
N.E
,
T
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H.
S
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rp
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ima
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a
lg
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ms
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th
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d
isa
g
re
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me
n
t
o
f
me
d
ica
l
ima
g
e
s
su
b
jec
ti
v
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
.
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
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re
n
c
e
o
n
A
u
to
m
a
ti
c
Co
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
In
telli
g
e
n
t
S
y
ste
m
s (I2
CACIS),
2
0
1
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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(
S
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245
[7
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Ho
e
k
.
Et
a
l,
I
n
ter
-
o
b
se
rv
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r
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a
riab
il
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f
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2
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[8
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T
h
o
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L
.
D.R
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a
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A
n
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tern
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Re
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F
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T
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o
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a
p
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lary
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c
le
a
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tu
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y
.
En
d
o
c
rin
P
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t
h
o
lo
g
y
.
2
0
1
8
[9
]
A
h
m
a
d
S
.
A
,
Taib
M
.
N,
K
h
a
li
d
N.E
,
T
a
ib
H.
A
n
a
lys
is
o
f
C
o
mp
o
u
n
d
En
h
a
n
c
e
me
n
t
Al
g
o
rith
ms
(
CEA
)
b
a
se
d
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Ad
a
p
ti
v
e
Histo
g
ra
m
E
q
u
a
li
za
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(
AHE)
o
n
In
tr
a
-
o
r
a
l
De
n
t
a
l
R
a
d
io
g
ra
p
h
s
Ima
g
e
s.
In
ter
n
a
ti
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a
l
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ne
w
Co
m
p
u
ter A
rc
h
it
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c
tu
re
s an
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th
e
ir
A
p
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li
c
a
ti
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s (IJNC
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).
2
0
1
1
;
1
(
4
):
9
0
2
-
9
1
6
.
[1
0
]
No
o
r.
N.M
,
Kh
a
li
d
.
N.E
.
A
,
A
l
i.
M
.
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Nu
m
p
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.
A
.
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A
.
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sh
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mp
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d
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Eq
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,
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e
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n
tern
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ti
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Co
n
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m
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ter res
e
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rc
h
a
n
d
De
v
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lo
p
m
e
n
t
,
2
0
1
0
;
1
6
3
-
1
6
7
[1
1
]
Ja
m
il
.
M
,
S
e
m
b
o
k
.
T
.
M
.
T
,
Ba
k
a
r.
Z.
A
.
No
ise
re
mo
v
a
l
a
n
d
e
n
h
a
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me
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o
f
b
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s u
sin
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ra
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n
s
.
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0
0
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In
tern
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l
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e
c
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y
.
2
0
0
8
;
1
-
6.
[1
2
]
Ku
m
a
ri
RRS
,
S
u
re
sh
T
,
Ya
sh
w
a
n
th
B,
M
o
d
if
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Histo
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ra
m
Ba
se
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Co
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tras
t
E
n
h
a
n
c
e
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Us
in
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a
rp
m
a
sk
in
g
F
il
ter F
o
r
M
e
d
ica
l
Im
a
g
e
s.
In
t.
J
.
Res
.
Co
mp
u
t.
C
o
mm
u
n
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
.
2
0
1
5
;
4
(2
):
1
3
7
–
1
4
0
.
[1
3
]
Ne
rc
e
ss
i
a
n
S
C,
P
a
n
e
tt
a
K,
A
g
a
ia
n
S
.
No
n
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e
a
r
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o
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s
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c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
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th
e
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m
a
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m
.
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Ima
g
e
Pro
c
e
ss
.
,
2
0
1
3
;2
2
(9
):3
5
4
9
–
61.
[1
4
]
Dh
a
w
a
n
A
P
,
Hu
a
n
g
HK
,
Ki
m
D.
In
tro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
to
M
e
d
ica
l
I
m
a
g
in
g
a
n
d
I
m
a
g
e
A
n
a
l
y
sis :
A
M
u
lt
i
d
isc
ip
li
n
a
ry
P
a
ra
d
ig
m
.
Jo
h
n
W
il
e
y
&
S
o
n
s,
2
0
1
1
:
2
3
0
-
2
3
4
.
[1
5
]
Na
sc
i
m
e
n
to
H
A
R,
Ra
m
o
s
A
C
A
,
Ne
v
e
s
F
S
,
d
e
-
A
z
e
v
e
d
o
-
V
a
z
F
S
,
F
re
it
a
s
DQ
.
T
h
e
„S
h
a
rp
e
n
‟
f
il
ter
im
p
ro
v
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s
th
e
ra
d
io
g
ra
p
h
ic
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e
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
v
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rti
c
a
l
ro
o
t
f
ra
c
tu
re
s.
In
t
.
En
d
o
d
.
J
.
2
0
1
5
;
4
8
(
5
)
4
2
8
–
4
3
4
.
[1
6
]
Be
lé
m
M
DF,
Am
b
ro
sa
n
o
G
M
B
,
T
a
b
c
h
o
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M
,
F
e
rre
ira
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a
n
to
s
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Ha
it
e
r
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to
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P
e
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o
rm
a
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e
o
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ig
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w
it
h
e
n
h
a
n
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m
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t
f
il
ters
f
o
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th
e
d
iag
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o
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o
f
p
ro
x
im
a
l
c
a
ries
.
Bra
z.
Or
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l
Res
.
2
0
1
3
;
2
7
(
3
):
2
4
5
–
5
1
.
[1
7
]
Ka
jan
ZD,
Da
v
a
ll
o
o
RT
,
T
a
v
a
n
g
a
r
M
,
V
a
li
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a
d
e
F
.
T
h
e
e
ff
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c
ts
o
f
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ise
re
d
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ti
o
n
,
sh
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rp
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in
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,
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h
a
n
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m
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t
,
a
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d
im
a
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if
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ti
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d
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sti
c
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f
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p
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m
in
th
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d
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tec
ti
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n
o
f
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o
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-
c
a
v
it
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ted
a
p
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ro
x
im
a
l
d
e
n
tal
c
a
r
ies
.
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g
i
n
g
sc
ien
c
e
in
d
e
n
ti
stry
,
2
0
1
5
;
8
1
–
8
7
.
[1
8
]
Oz
e
n
T
,
P
a
k
so
y
CS
.
In
terp
re
tatio
n
o
f
c
h
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m
ica
ll
y
c
re
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ted
p
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io
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n
g
2
d
if
f
e
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n
t
d
e
n
tal
c
o
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b
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m
c
o
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p
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teriz
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d
to
m
o
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ra
p
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it
s,
a
n
d
in
trao
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d
ig
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l
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n
so
r,
a
n
d
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
f
il
m
.
Or
a
l
S
u
rg
.
Or
a
l
M
e
d
.
Or
a
l
Pa
th
o
l.
Or
a
l
R
a
d
i
o
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En
d
o
d
.
2
0
0
9
;
1
0
7
(3
)
:4
2
6
–
4
3
2
.
[1
9
]
Ha
lse
.
A
,
M
o
lv
e
n
.
O,
F
ristad
I.
Dia
g
n
o
sin
g
p
e
riap
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les
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s
-
Disa
g
re
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m
e
n
t
a
n
d
b
o
rd
e
rli
n
e
c
a
s
e
s.
In
t.
En
d
o
d
.
J
.
2
0
0
2
;
3
5
(
8
);
7
0
3
–
7
0
9
.
[2
0
]
Ra
jag
o
p
a
l
H,
Ch
o
w
,
L
S
,
P
a
ra
m
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s
ra
n
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S
u
b
jec
ti
v
e
Ver
su
s
Ob
jec
ti
v
e
Asse
ss
me
n
t
fo
r
M
a
g
n
e
ti
c
Res
o
n
a
n
c
e
(
M
R
)
Ima
g
e
s
.
ICCIT
E
2
0
1
5
1
7
th
In
t
.
C
o
n
f
.
Co
m
m
u
n
.
In
f
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
En
g
.
2
0
1
5
;
9
(1
2
)
1
0
6
–
1
1
1
.
[2
1
]
M
e
h
d
iza
d
e
h
M
,
Kh
a
d
e
m
i
AA
,
S
h
o
k
ra
n
e
h
A
,
F
a
rh
a
d
i
N
.
Ef
f
e
c
t
o
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d
ig
it
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ise
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ti
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term
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c
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n
t
.
2
0
1
3
;
4
3
(
3
):1
8
5
–
1
9
0
[2
2
]
Be
lé
m
M
DF,
Am
b
ro
sa
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o
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M
B
,
T
a
b
c
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M
,
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r
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to
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.
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o
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w
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h
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m
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t
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p
ro
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c
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ries
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z.
Or
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l
Res
.
2
0
1
3
;
2
7
(
3
)
:2
4
5
–
2
5
1
.
[2
3
]
Bh
a
teja
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,
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M
,
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o
o
j
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.
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-
li
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r
p
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ly
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o
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m
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mp
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s P
ro
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ms
Bi
o
me
d
.
2
0
1
6
;
1
2
9
:
1
2
5
–
1
3
4
.
[2
4
]
P
a
tel
BC,
S
in
h
a
G
R.
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ra
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(GL
C
–
CE)
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m
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o
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ra
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re
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c
a
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CS
I
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ICT
.
2
0
1
5
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(
4
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7
9
–
2
8
6
.
[2
5
]
Ju
li
a
stu
ti
E,
Ep
silaw
a
ti
L
.
Ima
g
e
c
o
n
tr
a
st
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n
h
a
n
c
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me
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lm
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d
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mic
ra
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r
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p
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.
2
0
1
2
I
n
t.
Co
n
f
.
S
y
st.
En
g
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
.
2
0
1
2
;
1
:
1
–
5.
[2
6
]
V
irt
a
n
e
n
E,
S
ö
d
e
r
B,
A
n
d
e
rss
o
n
L
C,
M
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m
a
n
JH
,
S
ö
d
e
r
P
O.
His
to
ry
o
f
d
e
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tal
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f
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ti
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s
a
ss
o
c
iate
s
w
it
h
c
a
n
c
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r
in
p
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rio
d
o
n
tally
h
e
a
lt
h
y
su
b
jec
ts:
2
4
-
y
e
a
r
f
o
ll
o
w
-
u
p
stu
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f
ro
m
S
w
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d
e
n
.
J
.
Ca
n
c
e
r.
2
0
1
4
;5
(
2
):7
9
–
85.
[2
7
]
S
o
d
e
r
M
,
M
e
u
rm
a
n
B.
T
h
e
a
ss
o
c
i
a
ti
o
n
o
f
d
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tal
p
laq
u
e
w
it
h
c
a
n
c
e
r
m
o
rtalit
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in
S
w
e
d
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n
.
A
lo
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g
it
u
d
i
n
a
l
stu
d
y
.
BM
J
Op
e
n
.
2
0
1
3
;2
:1
–
7.
[2
8
]
Ha
n
YW
,
Ho
u
c
k
e
n
W
,
L
o
o
s
B
G
,
S
c
h
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n
k
e
in
HA
,
T
e
z
a
l
M
,
P
e
ri
o
d
o
n
tal
d
ise
a
se
,
a
th
e
ro
sc
lero
sis,
a
d
v
e
rse
p
re
g
n
a
n
c
y
o
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tco
m
e
s,
a
n
d
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a
d
-
a
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d
-
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c
k
c
a
n
c
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r.
Ad
v
De
n
t
Res
.
2
0
1
4
;
2
6
(1
):4
7
–
5
5
.
[2
9
]
Da
rli
n
g
M
R.
M
e
tas
tas
e
s
to
th
e
M
o
u
t
h
a
n
d
Ja
w
s:
A
Co
n
tem
p
o
ra
r
y
Ca
n
a
d
ian
Ex
p
e
rien
c
e
.
J
.
C
a
n
.
De
n
t.
Asso
c
i
a
ti
o
n
.
2
0
1
1
;
7
7
:
1
–
7.
[3
0
]
Kh
a
li
li
M
.
M
e
tas
tatics
Bre
a
st
C
a
rc
in
o
m
a
In
it
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y
Dia
g
n
o
se
d
a
s
P
u
lp
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l
/
P
e
riap
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l
Dise
a
se
:
A
Ca
se
Re
p
o
rt.
J
.
En
d
o
d
.
2
0
1
0
;3
6
(5
)
:9
2
2
-
5.
[3
1
]
S
a
ra
v
a
n
a
n
S
,
Ku
m
a
r
P
.
Im
a
g
e
c
o
n
tras
t
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
u
sin
g
h
isto
g
r
a
m
e
q
u
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s:
re
v
iew
.
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s i
n
Co
m
p
u
te
r S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
2
0
1
4
;3
(3
):1
6
3
-
1
7
2
.
[3
2
]
G
u
n
tu
ru
K
,
S
h
a
rm
a
AA
.
.
Co
n
tr
a
st
En
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
M
a
m
m
o
g
ra
p
h
ic
Im
a
g
e
s
Us
in
g
Wav
e
let
T
ra
n
sf
o
rm
.
El
e
c
tr.
En
g
.
2
0
1
0
;3
:
3
2
3
-
3
2
7
.
.
[3
3
]
Qin
X
,
W
e
n
S
,
X
iao
lan
L
,
Z
h
u
a
n
g
z
h
i
Y.
A
L
o
c
a
l
Co
n
tras
t
E
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
M
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
M
a
m
m
o
g
r
a
m
s
in
th
e
C
u
rv
e
let
Do
m
a
in
.
In
t.
J
.
Di
g
it
.
Co
n
ten
t
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
.
it
s A
p
p
l.
2
0
1
1
;5
(
9
):
1
0
4
–
1
1
1
.
[3
4
]
M
o
ra
d
m
a
n
H,
Ka
rim
i
a
n
A
R.
Co
m
p
a
rin
g
th
e
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
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o
f
I
m
a
g
e
En
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
M
e
th
o
d
s
t
o
De
tec
t
M
ic
ro
c
a
lcif
ica
ti
o
n
Clu
ste
rs i
n
Di
g
it
a
l
M
a
m
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
.
Ira
n
.
J
.
Ca
n
c
e
r P
re
v
.
2
0
1
2
;
5
(
2
):6
1
–
68.
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