Indonesian
J
our
nal
of
Electrical
Engineering
and
Computer
Science
V
ol.
21,
No.
2,
February
2021,
pp.
854
864
ISSN:
2502-4752,
DOI:
10.11591/ijeecs.v21i2.pp854-864
r
854
V2X
communication
system
with
non-orthogonal
multiple
access:
outage
perf
ormance
perspecti
v
e
T
u-T
rinh
Thi
Nguy
en,
Dinh-Thuan
Do
F
aculty
of
Electronics
T
echnology
,
Industrial
Uni
v
ersity
of
Ho
Chi
Minh
City
(IUH),
Ho
Chi
Minh
City
,
V
ietnam
Article
Inf
o
Article
history:
Recei
v
ed
Jun
9,
2020
Re
vised
Sep
11,
2020
Accepted
Sep
25,
2020
K
eyw
ords:
Non-orthogonal
multiple
access
Outage
probability
V
ehicle-to-e
v
erything
ABSTRA
CT
T
o
achie
v
e
lo
w-latenc
y
and
high-reliability
(LLHR)
for
applications
in
the
v
ehicle-
to-e
v
erything
(V2X)
netw
orks,
the
non-orthogonal
multipl
e
access
(NOMA)
is
pro-
posed
for
Long
T
erm
Ev
olution
(L
TE)as
a
promising
technology
.
NOMA-V2X
pro-
vides
higher
spectrum
ef
ficienc
y
compared
with
the
orthogonal
multiple
access
(OMA)
based
V2X.
The
v
ehicles
are
e
xpected
to
serv
e
dif
ferent
services
with
v
ariety
of
data
transmission.
The
cluster
of
v
ehicles
could
be
grouped
to
achie
v
e
better
service
from
the
transmitter
sour
ces.
This
study
presents
tw
o-w
ay
relay
assisted
NOMA-V2X
trans-
mission
by
e
xploiting
amplify-and-forw
ard
(AF)
and
full-duple
x
technique.
W
e
can
benefits
from
potential
applications
of
NOMA-V2X
system
with
respec
t
to
serving
massi
v
e
users
and
adapting
higher
bandwidth
ef
ficienc
y
.
W
e
deri
v
e
e
xpressions
of
outage
probability
to
e
v
aluate
performance
of
tw
o
v
ehic
les
and
to
impro
v
e
the
quality
of
service
(QoS)
for
the
de
vice
with
the
poor
channel
conditions.
The
main
in
v
esti-
g
ation
related
tw
o
users’
performance
which
pro
vides
guidelines
to
design
practical
system.
These
e
xpressions
are
further
v
erified
by
Monte-Carlo
simulations.
This
is
an
open
access
article
under
the
CC
BY
-SA
license
.
Corresponding
A
uthor:
Dinh-Thuan
Do,
F
aculty
of
Electronics
T
echnology
,
Industrial
Uni
v
ersity
of
Ho
Chi
Minh
City
(IUH),
Ho
Chi
Minh
City
,
V
ietnam.
Email:
dodinhthuan@iuh.edu.vn
1.
INTR
ODUCTION
As
a
candidate
technique
for
forthcoming
5G
netw
orks,
non-orthogonal
multiple
access
(NOMA)
net-
w
ork
has
recently
dra
wn
in
consi
derable
attentions
[1]-[8].
In
particular
,
the
higher
spectral
ef
ficienc
y
benefits
can
be
achie
v
ed
by
the
deplo
yment
of
NOMA
and
it
outperforms
the
traditional
orthogonal
multiple
access
(OMA)
s
cheme
[1]-[3].
In
practical
NOMA
systems,
to
achie
v
e
lo
w
comple
xity
,
the
successi
v
e
interference
cancellation
(SIC)
decoding
technique
is
needed
to
satisfy
the
performance
of
the
NOMA
system
and
it
re-
quires
the
user
grouping
as
an
important
issue.
In
the
recent
w
orks
re
g
arding
NOMA
system,
the
impro
v
ed
performance
can
be
achie
v
ed
as
by
emplo
ying
relaying
netw
orks
[4]-[7],
[9]-[13]
with
NOMA
to
introduce
ne
w
paradigm
termed
as
cooperati
v
e
NOMA
[8].
Re
g
arding
system
performa
n
c
e,
the
optimal
sum
rate
[14],
[15],
and
the
minimal
transmit
po
wer
[16]
are
introduced
with
respect
to
the
user
grouping.
Recently
,
to
pro
vide
smarter
,
safer
and
more
ef
ficient
road
traf
fic,
v
ehicle-to-e
v
erything
(V2X)
com-
munications
ha
v
e
a
lot
of
achie
v
ements
in
both
academia
and
industry
[16]–[18].
Three
kinds
of
V2X
net-
w
orks
including
v
ehicle-to-v
ehicle
(V2V),
v
ehicle-to-infrastructure
(V2I)
and
v
ehicle-to-pedestrian
(V2P)
are
implemented
to
enable
real-time
traf
fic
information
e
xchange
among
infrastructure,
v
ehicles,
and
pedestrians
[19]–[21].
In
such
a
V2X,
lo
w
access
ef
ficienc
y
and
data
congestion
are
caused
by
the
f
ast
gro
wth
of
number
J
ournal
homepage:
http://ijeecs.iaescor
e
.com
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Indonesian
J
Elec
Eng
&
Comp
Sci
ISSN:
2502-4752
r
855
of
connected
v
ehicles.
The
de
v
elopment
of
V2X
communications
need
be
tackled
the
challenges
in
v
ehicular
netw
orks
such
as
[22],
[23].
This
paper
considers
the
ability
of
tw
o
pairs
of
v
ehicle
can
be
communicated
via
the
Roadside
Unit
(RSU).
2.
NETW
ORK
ARCHITECTURE
AND
PR
O
T
OCOL
DESCRIPTIONS
2.1.
System
ar
chitectur
e
Figure
1
depicts
a
scenario
of
AF
relay
assisted
tw
o-w
ay
NOMA-V2X
systems,
all
nodes
are
with
single
antenna
e
xcept
for
relay
with
tw
o
antennas
for
FD
mode.
The
base
stations
(BSs)
em
plo
y
a
RSU
to
serv
e
group
of
tw
o
v
ehicles.
In
the
multicasting
scenario,
RSU
serv
es
multiple
users
using
NOMA.
In
this
case,
v
ehicles
in
the
same
group
require
to
recei
v
e
dif
ferent
information
(e.g.,
v
ehicle-specific
control
information)
from
the
BS.
The
source
S
1
;
S
2
are
able
to
send
the
corresponding
signals
x
1
;
x
2
(
with
po
wer
allocation
f
actors
1
;
2
)
to
the
RSU
in
the
same
time.
The
constraint
of
po
wer
allocation
f
actors,
i.e.,
1
>
2
and
1
+
2
=
1
.
It
can
be
s
hared
by
tw
o
source-destination
Group1
=
f
S
1
;
U
1
g
and
Group2
=
f
S
2
;
U
2
g
pairs.
The
transmit
po
wer
at
sources
S
1
;
S
2
are
the
same,
i.e.
equals
to
P
s
.
The
channels
for
links
S
1
-RSU,
S
2
-RSU,
RSU-
U
1
and
RSU-
U
2
are
h
1
;
h
2
;
g
1
;
g
2
.
U
2
U
1
h
1
h
2
g
2
g
1
R
S
U
S
2
S
1
Figure
1.
System
model
of
NOMA
V2X
2.2.
SINR
calculation
The
recei
v
ed
signal
at
RSU
is
gi
v
en
by
y
RSU
=
p
1
P
s
h
1
x
1
+
p
2
P
s
h
2
x
2
+
P
RSU
f
+
RSU
;
(1)
where
RSU
is
A
WGN
noise
with
v
ariance
of
2
0
.
W
e
call
f
as
s
elf-channel
due
to
FD
mode
applied
at
the
RSU.
The
recei
v
ed
signal
at
U
i
;
(i
=
1
;
2)
can
be
e
xpressed
as
follo
ws:
y
U
i
=
p
P
RSU
g
i
p
1
P
s
h
1
x
1
+
p
2
P
s
h
2
x
2
+
p
P
RSU
f
+
RSU
+
U
i
:
(2)
The
amplify
f
actor
is
defined
as
follo
ws:
=
1
q
1
P
s
j
h
1
j
2
+
2
P
s
j
h
2
j
2
+
P
RSU
j
f
j
2
+
2
0
;
(3)
where
s
=
P
s
2
0
and
RSU
=
P
RSU
2
0
are
transmission
SNR
of
source
and
relay
node,
respecti
v
ely
.
V2X
communication
system
with
non-ortho
gonal
multiple
access:
outa
g
e
...
(T
u-T
rinh
Thi
Nguyen)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
856
r
ISSN:
2502-4752
The
SINR
at
destination
1
in
order
to
decode
its
o
wn
data
can
be
written
by
U
1
=
1
s
RSU
j
g
1
j
2
j
h
1
j
2
2
s
RSU
j
g
1
j
2
j
h
2
j
2
+
RSU
j
g
1
j
2
+
1
s
j
h
1
j
2
+
RSU
RSU
j
f
j
2
j
g
1
j
2
+
1
:
(4)
The
recei
v
ed
SINR
for
destination
2
to
decode
message
x
1
is
gi
v
en
by
U
2
!
1
=
1
RSU
s
j
g
2
j
2
j
h
1
j
2
2
RSU
s
j
h
2
j
2
j
g
2
j
2
+
RSU
j
g
2
j
2
+
1
s
j
h
1
j
2
+
RSU
RSU
j
f
j
2
j
g
2
j
2
+
1
:
(5)
Destination
2
detects
its
o
wn
message
with
the
follo
wing
SINR.
U
4
=
2
RSU
s
j
h
2
j
2
j
g
2
j
2
RSU
j
g
2
j
2
+
1
s
j
h
1
j
2
+
RSU
RSU
j
f
j
2
j
g
2
j
2
+
1
:
(6)
3.
OUT
A
GE
AND
THR
OUGHPUT
PERFORMANCE
AN
AL
YSIS
3.1.
The
outage
pr
obability
f
or
gr
oup
1
The
outage
probability
is
basic
metric
sho
wing
probability
to
SINR
less
than
threshold
v
alue.
In
particular
,
the
outage
probability
of
group
1
can
be
written
as:
OP
FD
1
=
Pr
U
1
<
1
0
:
(7)
Ne
xt,
OP
FD
1
can
be
computed
as
OP
FD
1
=
Pr
1
s
RSU
j
g
1
j
2
j
h
1
j
2
2
s
RSU
j
g
1
j
2
j
h
2
j
2
+
RSU
j
g
1
j
2
+
1
s
j
h
1
j
2
+
RSU
RSU
j
f
j
2
j
g
1
j
2
+
1
<
1
0
!
=
Pr
1
;
j
g
1
j
2
1
0
RSU
+
Pr
0
@
j
h
1
j
2
<
RSU
j
g
1
j
2
2
s
j
h
2
j
2
+
RSU
j
f
j
2
+
1
+
1
1
s
RSU
1
0
j
g
1
j
2
1
;
j
g
1
j
2
>
1
0
RSU
1
A
=1
1
g
1
1
Z
1
0
RSU
exp
0
@
RSU
xX
h
1
1
s
RSU
1
0
x
1
x
g
1
1
h
1
1
s
RSU
1
0
x
1
1
A
dx
(8)
Putting
t
=
RSU
1
0
x
1
)
x
=
1
0
RSU
(
t
+
1)
then
OP
FD
1
has
become
OP
FD
1
=1
1
0
RSU
g
1
exp
1
0
g
1
RSU
1
0
X
h
1
1
s
1
Z
0
exp
1
h
1
1
s
+
1
0
X
h
1
1
s
1
t
1
0
t
g
1
RSU
dt
=1
exp
1
0
g
1
RSU
1
0
X
h
1
1
s
2
s
1
0
g
1
RSU
1
h
1
1
s
+
1
0
X
h
1
1
s
K
1
2
s
1
0
g
1
RSU
1
h
1
1
s
+
1
0
X
h
1
1
s
!
(9)
Indonesian
J
Elec
Eng
&
Comp
Sci,
V
ol.
21,
No.
2,
February
2021
:
854
–
864
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Indonesian
J
Elec
Eng
&
Comp
Sci
ISSN:
2502-4752
r
857
where
X
=
2
s
j
h
2
j
2
+
RSU
j
f
j
2
+
1
.
Let
Y
=
2
s
j
h
2
j
2
+
RSU
j
f
j
2
)
X
=
Y
+
1
then
the
outage
probability
of
group
1
written
ag
ain
as
follo
ws
OP
FD
1
(
Y
)
=1
e
1
0
g
1
r
1
0
(
Y
+1)
h
1
1
s
2
s
1
0
g
1
RSU
1
h
1
1
s
+
1
0
(
Y
+
1)
h
1
1
s
K
1
2
s
1
0
g
1
RSU
1
h
1
1
s
+
1
0
(
Y
+
1)
h
1
1
s
!
=1
e
1
0
Y
h
1
1
s
1
0
g
1
RSU
1
0
h
1
1
s
2
s
1
0
g
1
RSU
1
0
Y
h
1
1
s
+
1
h
1
1
s
+
1
0
h
1
1
s
K
1
2
s
1
0
g
1
RSU
1
0
Y
h
1
1
s
+
1
h
1
1
s
+
1
0
h
1
1
s
!
=1
2
e
#
1
Y
#
2
p
#
3
Y
+
#
4
K
1
2
p
#
3
Y
+
#
4
(10)
where
#
1
=
1
0
h
1
1
s
,
#
2
=
1
0
RSU
g
1
+
1
0
1
s
h
1
,
#
3
=
1
0
1
0
1
s
RSU
g
1
h
1
,
#
4
=
1
0
g
1
RSU
1
h
1
1
s
+
1
0
h
1
#
1
s
:
OP
FD
1
can
be
calculated
as
OP
FD
1
=
E
Y
n
1
2
e
#
1
Y
#
2
p
#
3
Y
+
#
4
K
1
2
p
#
3
Y
+
#
4
o
=
1
Z
0
1
2
e
#
1
Y
#
2
p
#
3
Y
+
#
4
K
1
2
p
#
3
Y
+
#
4
f
Y
(
y
)
dy
=OP
FD
1
1
+
OP
FD
1
;
2
(11)
W
e
ha
v
e
F
Y
(
y
)
=
Y
Z
0
f
Y
(
y
)
dy
=
1
f
y
RSU
Z
0
e
x
f
dx
1
f
e
y
h
2
2
s
y
RSU
Z
0
e
1
f
r
1
h
2
2
s
x
dx:
(12)
Here
we
look
at
tw
o
cases
for
CDF
and
PDF:
3.1.1.
Case
1
If
1
RSU
f
1
h
2
2
s
6
=
0
,
we
ha
v
e
F
Y
(
y
)
=
1
RSU
f
RSU
f
2
s
h
2
e
y
RSU
f
2
s
h
2
2
s
h
2
RSU
f
e
y
2
s
h
2
;
(13)
f
Y
(
y
)
=
e
y
RSU
f
RSU
f
h
2
2
s
+
e
y
h
2
2
s
h
2
2
s
RSU
f
:
(14)
OP
FD
1
1
can
be
computed
as
V2X
communication
system
with
non-ortho
gonal
multiple
access:
outa
g
e
...
(T
u-T
rinh
Thi
Nguyen)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
858
r
ISSN:
2502-4752
OP
FD
1
1
=
E
Y
n
1
2
e
#
1
Y
#
2
p
#
3
Y
+
#
4
K
1
2
p
#
3
Y
+
#
4
o
=1
2
e
#
2
RSU
f
h
2
2
s
1
2
e
#
2
h
2
2
s
RSU
f
2
(15)
where
1
=
1
R
S
U
f
+
#
1
;
1
=
1
Z
0
e
1
y
p
#
3
y
+
#
4
K
1
2
p
#
3
y
+
#
4
dy
=
e
1
#
4
#
3
#
3
2
1
2
e
#
3
1
1
;
#
3
1
1
2
M
X
m
=0
(
1
)
m
#
4
m
+1
#
3
m
+1
G
2
;
1
1
;
3
#
4
j
m
1
;
0
;
m
!
;
:
(16)
By
using
the
lase
equation
in
[25],
v
ol.
4,
(3.16.2.4)],
we
ha
v
e:
2
=
1
Z
0
e
1
y
p
#
3
y
K
1
2
p
#
3
y
dy
=
#
3
2
1
2
e
#
3
1
1
;
#
3
1
:
(17)
and
3
=
1
#
3
#
4
R
0
e
1
#
3
y
p
y
K
1
2
p
y
dy
.
Putting
t
=
C
y
!
y
=
#
4
t
!
dy
=
#
4
dt
when
y
=
0
!
t
=
0
,
y
=
#
4
!
t
=
1
!
C
=
1
#
4
.
Based
on
(18)
we
ha
v
e:
3
=
#
4
#
3
1
Z
0
e
1
#
4
#
3
t
p
#
4
tK
1
2
p
#
4
t
dt
=
1
2
M
X
m
=0
(
1
)
m
#
4
m
+1
#
3
m
+1
G
2
;
1
1
;
3
#
4
j
m
1
;
0
;
m
:
(18)
Where
the
lase
equation
follo
ws
the
f
act
that
e
x
=
1
P
k
=0
x
k
k
!
in
[24],
(1.211.1)]
and
1
R
0
x
(1
x
)
1
K
(
a
p
x
)
dx
=
2
1
a
(
)
G
2
;
1
1
;
3
a
2
4
j
2
;
0
;
2
in
[24],
(6.952.2)].
And
2
=
1
Z
0
e
4
y
p
#
3
y
+
#
4
K
1
2
p
#
3
y
+
#
4
dy
=
e
4
#
4
#
3
#
3
2
4
2
e
#
3
4
1
;
#
3
4
1
2
M
X
m
=0
(
4
)
m
#
4
m
+1
#
3
m
+1
G
2
;
1
1
;
3
#
4
j
m
1
;
0
;
m
!
:
(19)
Indonesian
J
Elec
Eng
&
Comp
Sci,
V
ol.
21,
No.
2,
February
2021
:
854
–
864
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Indonesian
J
Elec
Eng
&
Comp
Sci
ISSN:
2502-4752
r
859
where
4
=
1
h
2
2
s
+
#
1
.
By
using
the
equation
x
/2
K
(
a
p
x
)
=
(
+1)
(2
p
)
+1
e
a
2
4
p
;
a
2
4
p
in
[25],
v
ol.
4,
eq.
(3.16.2.4)],
we
can
computed
5
:
5
=
1
Z
0
e
4
y
p
#
3
y
K
1
2
p
#
3
y
dy
=
#
3
2
4
2
e
#
3
4
1
;
#
3
4
;
(20)
6
=
1
#
3
#
4
Z
0
e
4
#
3
y
p
y
K
1
(2
p
y
)
dy
=
1
2
M
X
m
=0
(
4
)
m
#
4
m
+1
#
3
m
+1
G
2
;
1
1
;
3
4
#
4
4
j
m
1
;
0
;
m
:
(21)
3.1.2.
Case
2:
If
1
RSU
f
1
h
2
2
s
=
0
,
we
ha
v
e
F
Y
(
y
)
=
1
e
y
RSU
f
y
RSU
f
e
y
h
2
2
s
;
(22)
f
Y
(
y
)
=
y
Y
Y
e
y
Y
:
(23)
OP
FD
1
;
2
is
gi
v
en
as
OP
FD
1
;
2
=
E
Y
n
1
2
e
#
1
Y
#
2
p
#
3
Y
+
#
4
K
1
2
p
#
3
Y
+
#
4
o
=1
2
Y
Y
1
Z
0
e
1
Y
#
1
y
#
2
1
#
3
(
y
#
3
+
#
4
)
#
4
#
3
p
#
3
y
+
#
4
K
1
2
p
#
3
y
+
#
4
dy
=1
4
+
5
:
(24)
where
4
=
7
1
Z
0
e
8
y
(
#
3
y
+
#
4
)
3/2
K
1
2
p
#
3
y
+
#
4
dy
=
7
e
8
#
4
#
3
(
1
2
)
=
7
e
8
#
4
#
3
"
#
3
8
2
W
2
;
1/2
#
3
8
1
2
M
X
m
=0
(
8
)
m
#
4
m
+2
#
3
m
+1
G
2
;
1
1
;
3
#
4
j
m
1
;
0
;
m
#
(25)
By
using
the
equation
1
R
0
x
/2
K
(
a
p
x
)
dx
=
p
1/2
a
+
2
+
1
2
+
1
exp
a
2
8
p
W
1/2
;
/2
a
2
4
p
in
[25],
v
ol.
4,
eq.
(3.16.2.3)]
and
1
R
0
x
/2
K
(
a
p
x
)
dx
=
(
+1)
(2
p
)
+1
exp
a
2
4
p
;
a
2
4
p
in
[25],
v
ol.
4,
eq.
(3.16.2.4)],
we
can
computed
1
,
2
:
1
=
1
Z
0
e
8
y
#
3
3/2
y
3/2
K
1
2
p
#
3
y
dy
=
#
3
8
2
W
2
;
1/2
#
3
8
;
(26)
V2X
communication
system
with
non-ortho
gonal
multiple
access:
outa
g
e
...
(T
u-T
rinh
Thi
Nguyen)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
860
r
ISSN:
2502-4752
2
=
1
#
3
#
4
Z
0
e
8
#
3
y
y
3/2
K
1
(2
p
y
)
dy
=
1
2
M
X
m
=0
(
8
)
m
#
4
m
+2
#
3
m
+1
G
2
;
1
1
;
3
#
4
j
m
1
;
0
;
m
;
(27)
and
5
=
7
#
4
1
Z
0
e
8
y
p
#
3
y
+
#
4
K
1
2
p
#
3
y
+
#
4
dy
=
e
8
#
4
#
3
7
#
4
#
3
2
8
2
e
#
3
8
1
;
#
3
8
7
2
M
X
m
=0
(
8
)
m
#
4
m
+2
#
3
m
+1
G
2
;
1
1
;
3
#
4
j
m
1
;
0
;
m
!
(28)
where
7
=
2
e
#
2
Y
Y
#
3
;
8
=
1
Y
+
#
1
;
9
=
#
3
2
8
2
e
#
3
8
1
;
#
3
8
;
10
=
1
2
M
P
m
=0
(
8
)
m
#
4
m
+1
#
3
m
+1
G
2
;
1
1
;
3
4
#
4
4
j
m
1
;
0
;
m
:
3.2.
The
outage
pr
obability
f
or
gr
oup
2
The
e
xact
outage
probability
of
group
2
can
be
written
as
OP
FD
2
=1
Pr
U
2
1
1
0
;
U
2
2
0
(29)
The
outage
probability
in
(29)
can
be
computed
as
OP
FD
2
=1
Pr
0
@
1
RSU
s
j
g
2
j
2
j
h
1
j
2
2
RSU
s
j
h
2
j
2
j
g
2
j
2
+
RSU
j
g
2
j
2
+
1
s
j
h
1
j
2
+
RSU
RSU
j
f
j
2
j
g
2
j
2
+1
1
0
;
2
RSU
s
j
h
2
j
2
j
g
2
j
2
RSU
j
g
2
j
2
+
1
s
j
h
1
j
2
+
RSU
RSU
j
f
j
2
j
g
2
j
2
+1
2
0
1
A
=1
OP
FD
2
;
1
+
OP
FD
2
;
2
:
(30)
3.2.1.
Case
1:
If
max
=
1
1
s
1
0
j
h
1
j
2
2
s
j
h
2
j
2
1
RSU
j
f
j
2
,
we
ha
v
e:
OP
FD
2
;
1
=
1
Z
0
f
j
f
j
2
(
z
)
dz
1
Z
2
0
2
s
(
RSU
z
+1)
f
j
h
2
j
2
(
y
)
dy
1
0
2
1
1
2
0
+1
y
Z
1
0
1
s
(
2
s
y
+
RSU
z
+1)
1
F
j
g
2
j
2
1
RSU
1
s
x
+
1
1
s
1
0
x
2
s
y
RSU
z
1
!!
f
j
h
1
j
2
(
x
)
dx
|
{z
}
=
4
;
(31)
Indonesian
J
Elec
Eng
&
Comp
Sci,
V
ol.
21,
No.
2,
February
2021
:
854
–
864
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Indonesian
J
Elec
Eng
&
Comp
Sci
ISSN:
2502-4752
r
861
Continuing
the
calculation
process,
we
ha
v
e
OP
FD
2
;
1
=
1
Z
0
f
j
f
j
2
(
z
)
dz
2
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
4
1
h
2
1
Z
2
0
2
s
(
RSU
z
+1)
e
1
0
RSU
g
2
e
1
0
2
1
h
1
1
2
0
+1
+
1
h
2
y
dy
|
{z
}
=
#
1
1
h
2
1
Z
2
0
2
s
(
RSU
z
+1)
e
1
0
RSU
g
2
e
2
1
0
1
h
1
+
1
h
2
y
e
RSU
1
0
1
s
h
1
z
e
1
0
1
s
h
1
dy
|
{z
}
=
#
2
3
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
=
e
1
0
2
0
1
s
h
1
1
2
0
+1
2
0
2
s
h
2
1
0
RSU
g
2
h
2
1
0
2
1
h
1
1
2
0
+
1
+
1
h
2
1
Z
0
e
1
0
2
1
h
1
1
2
0
+1
+
1
h
2
RSU
2
0
2
s
z
f
j
f
j
2
(
z
)
dz
|
{z
}
=
#
3
e
1
0
r
g
2
1
0
1
s
h
1
2
1
0
1
h
1
+
1
h
2
2
0
2
s
h
2
2
1
0
h
1
+
1
h
2
1
Z
0
e
RSU
1
0
1
s
h
1
+
RSU
2
0
2
s
2
1
0
1
h
1
+
1
h
2
z
f
j
f
j
2
(
z
)
dz
|
{z
}
=
#
4
=
e
1
0
2
0
1
s
h
1
1
2
0
+1
2
0
2
s
h
2
1
0
RSU
g
2
h
2
f
1
0
2
1
h
1
1
2
0
+
1
+
1
h
2
h
1
0
2
1
h
1
1
2
0
+
1
+
1
h
2
RSU
2
0
2
s
+
1
f
i
e
1
0
RSU
g
2
1
0
1
s
h
1
2
1
0
1
h
1
+
1
h
2
2
0
2
s
h
2
f
2
1
0
1
h
1
+
1
h
2
h
RSU
1
0
1
s
h
1
+
r
2
0
2
s
2
1
0
1
h
1
+
1
h
2
+
1
f
i
:
(32)
where
4
=
1
h
1
e
1
0
RSU
g
2
1
0
2
1
1
2
0
+1
y
R
1
0
1
s
(
2
s
y
+
RSU
z
+1)
e
x
h
1
dx
,
#
1
=
e
1
0
2
0
1
s
h
1
1
2
0
+1
!
2
0
2
s
h
2
1
0
RSU
g
2
e
1
0
2
1
h
1
1
2
0
+1
!
+
1
h
2
!
RSU
2
0
2
s
z
1
0
2
h
2
1
h
1
1
2
0
+1
+1
,
#
2
=
e
1
0
RSU
g
2
1
0
1
s
h
1
2
1
0
1
h
1
+
1
h
2
!
2
0
2
s
e
RSU
1
0
1
s
h
1
+
RSU
2
0
2
s
2
1
0
1
h
1
+
1
h
2
!!
z
h
2
2
1
0
1
h
1
+
1
h
2
,
#
3
=
e
1
0
2
0
1
s
h
1
1
2
0
+1
!
2
0
2
s
h
2
1
0
RSU
g
2
h
2
f
1
0
2
1
h
1
1
2
0
+1
+
1
h
2
1
0
2
1
h
1
1
2
0
+1
+
1
h
2
RSU
2
0
2
s
+
1
f
,
#
4
=
e
1
0
RSU
g
2
1
0
1
s
h
1
2
1
0
1
h
1
+
1
h
2
!
2
0
2
s
h
2
f
2
1
0
1
h
1
+
1
h
2
RSU
1
0
1
s
h
1
+
RSU
2
0
2
s
2
1
0
1
h
1
+
1
h
2
+
1
f
.
V2X
communication
system
with
non-ortho
gonal
multiple
access:
outa
g
e
...
(T
u-T
rinh
Thi
Nguyen)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
862
r
ISSN:
2502-4752
3.2.2.
Case
2:
If
max
=
1
2
s
2
0
j
h
2
j
2
1
RSU
j
f
j
2
,
we
ha
v
e:
OP
FD
2
;
2
=
1
Z
0
f
j
f
j
2
(
z
)
dz
1
Z
2
0
2
s
(
RSU
z
+1)
f
j
h
2
j
2
(
y
)
dy
1
Z
1
0
2
1
1
2
0
+1
y
1
F
j
g
2
j
2
1
RSU
1
s
x
+
1
2
s
2
0
y
RSU
z
1
!!
f
j
h
1
j
2
(
x
)
dx
|
{z
}
=
3
=
2
2
0
2
s
RSU
f
1
X
k
=1
k
k
g
2
(
1
s
h
1
)
k
1
e
4
2
0
2
s
h
2
s
2
(1
+
E
)
1
g
2
k
+1
RSU
2
5
1
g
2
k
+1
1
Z
0
e
1
f
+
1
RSU
RSU
2
+
RSU
2
0
2
s
h
2
z
z
k
+1
K
k
+1
2
s
1
(1
+
RSU
5
z
+
5
)
2
g
2
!
dz
:
(33)
where
1
=
1
0
2
h
1
1
1
2
0
+
1
;
2
=
2
s
RSU
2
0
,
4
=
s
h
1
1
1
g
2
2
+
1
RSU
2
,
5
=
s
RSU
h
1
1
1
2
:
3.3.
Thr
oughput
The
throughput
in
delay-limited
transmission
mode
is
gi
v
en
by
1
=
1
OP
FD
1
R
1
;
2
=
1
OP
FD
2
R
2
:
(34)
4.
RESUL
T
AND
DISCUSSION
Figures
2
and
3
demonstrate
outage
probability
of
tw
o
v
ehicles.
It
can
be
observ
ed
that
outage
prob-
ability
impro
v
es
significantly
at
high
SNR.
There
is
e
xistence
performance
g
ap
among
tw
o
v
ehicles
due
to
dif
ferent
po
wer
allocation
f
actors.
It
is
further
confirmed
that
outage
probability
cannot
impro
v
e
at
v
ery
high
SNR
re
g
ardless
of
changing
tar
get
rates
R
1
;
R
2
.
In
these
simulations,
Monte-Carlo
and
analytical
simulations
are
matched
tightly
and
it
confirmed
our
deri
v
at
ions
are
correct.
Figure
4
e
xamines
impact
of
interference
chan-
nel
related
to
FD
mode
on
outage
probability
.
When
changing
f
from
0
(dB)
to
30
(dB)
outage
probability
becomes
w
orse
significantly
.
Figure
5
sho
ws
throughput
v
ersus
transmit
SNR
.
Increasing
from
-20
(dB)
to
15
(dB),
throughput
increases
significantly
,
b
ut
it
meets
the
ceiling
at
high
SNR
re
gion.
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
10
-2
10
-1
10
0
Figure
2.
Outage
probability:
R
1
=
0
:
5
bps/Hz,
R
2
=
1
bps/Hz.
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
10
0
Figure
3.
Outage
probability:
1
=
0
:
9
,
2
=
0
:
1
.
Indonesian
J
Elec
Eng
&
Comp
Sci,
V
ol.
21,
No.
2,
February
2021
:
854
–
864
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Indonesian
J
Elec
Eng
&
Comp
Sci
ISSN:
2502-4752
r
863
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
10
0
Figure
4.
Outage
probability:
R
1
=
0
:
1
bps/Hz,
R
2
=
0
:
1
,
1
=
0
:
9
,
2
=
0
:
1
.
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.1
Figure
5.
Throughput:
1
=
0
:
9
,
2
=
0
:
1
.
5.
CONCLUSION
In
this
paper
,
tw
o
pairs
of
users
in
NOMA-V2X
systems
ha
v
e
been
proposed
for
5G
cellular
V2X
communications.
The
fix
ed
po
wer
allocation
f
actors
are
applied
to
hi
ghlight
dif
ferent
outage
performance
of
each
group
of
user
.
W
e
pro
vided
e
xact
e
xpressions
of
outage
probability
to
e
v
aluate
system
performance.
W
e
sho
w
that
the
formulated
e
xpression
is
v
erified
via
simulations.
F
ortunately
,
it
indicates
reasonable
performance
of
tw
o
v
ehicles
in
NOMA-V2X
if
self-interference
channel
is
controlled
well.
Simulation
results
demonstrate
that
the
proposed
scheme
e
xhibits
better
performance
at
high
SNR
at
sources.
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(T
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.