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le
in
s
p
r
ea
d
in
g
C
o
v
eid
-
19
b
et
w
ee
n
citize
n
s
as
th
e
v
ir
u
s
m
a
y
s
ta
y
o
n
s
u
c
h
c
u
r
r
en
c
y
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
f
iv
e
h
o
u
r
s
.
J
o
r
d
an
ian
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
f
o
r
ce
s
s
tr
ict
r
o
les
f
o
r
th
e
d
eli
v
er
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
av
o
id
t
h
e
C
o
v
id
-
1
9
p
an
d
e
m
ic.
Su
c
h
s
tr
ict
r
o
les
in
cl
u
d
e
t
h
at
t
h
e
d
eliv
er
y
s
er
v
ice
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
p
aid
b
y
o
n
lin
e
p
a
y
m
e
n
t
b
ase
d
o
n
clo
u
d
s
er
v
er
s
m
o
n
ito
r
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
J
o
r
d
an
ian
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
d
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
it
co
u
ld
b
e
ar
g
u
ed
t
h
at
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
a
y
m
e
n
t
b
ased
o
n
clo
u
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
as
r
ea
c
h
ed
th
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
le
v
el
i
n
2
0
2
0
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
C
o
v
id
-
1
9
P
an
d
e
m
ic
.
T
h
e
s
o
cial
ef
f
ec
t
h
as
g
r
ea
t
l
y
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
th
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
a
y
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
b
lem
i
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
co
u
ld
b
e
s
u
m
m
ar
is
ed
in
to
th
e
lo
w
le
v
el
o
f
tr
u
s
t
o
f
u
s
in
g
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
a
y
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
b
ased
o
n
clo
u
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
as
w
ell
as th
e
li
m
ited
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
av
a
ilab
le
in
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
li
ter
atu
r
e
.
W
h
ile
th
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ar
e
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
a)
W
h
at
is
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t o
f
t
h
e
C
o
v
i
d
-
1
9
p
an
d
em
ic
o
n
th
e
u
s
a
g
e
le
v
el
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
i
c
p
a
y
m
e
n
t s
y
s
t
e
m
s
?
b)
W
h
at
is
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t o
f
t
h
e
C
o
v
i
d
-
1
9
p
an
d
em
ic
o
n
th
e
tr
u
s
t
f
ac
to
r
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
a
y
m
en
t s
y
s
te
m
s
?
c)
W
h
at
is
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t o
f
t
h
e
C
o
v
i
d
-
1
9
p
an
d
em
ic
o
n
th
e
co
m
p
e
t
en
ce
lev
el?
2.
T
H
E
O
R
E
T
I
CA
L
F
RAM
E
WO
RK
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ad
o
p
ts
th
e
m
a
in
p
o
in
ts
o
f
b
o
th
C
lo
u
d
i
n
g
-
b
ase
d
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
ay
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
,
tr
u
s
t
a
n
d
co
m
p
ete
n
ce
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
s
e
v
er
al
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
t
u
d
ies
ab
o
v
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
to
p
ic
an
d
b
ased
o
n
s
e
v
er
al
m
o
d
els
an
d
f
i
g
u
r
es.
T
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
d
ee
p
v
is
io
n
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
ad
o
p
tin
g
a
clo
u
d
-
p
a
y
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
t
h
e
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
o
f
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
th
eo
r
y
(
DOI
)
as
a
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
th
eo
r
y
h
as
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
p
r
o
f
ess
o
r
E
v
er
ett
R
o
g
er
s
.
I
t
h
as
b
ee
n
s
tar
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
R
o
g
er
’
s
b
o
o
k
d
if
f
u
s
i
o
n
i
n
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
i
n
1
9
6
2
.
D
OI
th
eo
r
y
h
as
b
ee
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
s
ev
er
al
ed
itio
n
s
a
n
d
ex
te
n
s
i
v
el
y
u
s
ed
to
ex
p
lain
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
a
n
y
in
n
o
v
ati
v
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
ad
o
p
ti
o
n
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
R
o
g
er
s
(
2
0
0
3
,
p
.
1
2
)
,
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
is
d
ef
i
n
e
d
as
“
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
w
h
ich
a
n
i
n
n
o
v
a
tio
n
is
c
o
mmu
n
ica
ted
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
ce
r
ta
in
c
h
a
n
n
els
o
ve
r
time
a
mo
n
g
t
h
e
m
emb
ers
o
f
a
s
o
cia
l
s
ystem
”
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
l
y
,
t
h
e
D
OI
th
eo
r
y
is
m
ai
n
l
y
ai
m
ed
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
b
o
th
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
s
a
n
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
th
e
n
e
w
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
in
n
o
v
ati
v
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
DOI
h
as
ele
m
en
t
s
:
(
1
)
in
n
o
v
atio
n
,
(
2
)
c
o
m
m
u
n
ic
a
tio
n
ch
an
n
el
s
,
(
3
)
tim
e,
a
n
d
(
4
)
th
e
s
o
cial
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
co
u
ld
b
e
d
ef
in
ed
as
a
n
e
w
id
ea
o
r
an
y
in
n
o
v
atio
n
p
r
ac
tices
cr
ea
ted
b
y
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
o
r
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
it
co
u
ld
b
e
ar
g
u
ed
th
at
t
h
e
i
n
n
o
v
at
io
n
its
el
f
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
b
e
n
e
w
,
as
it
co
u
ld
b
e
ad
o
p
ted
b
y
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
o
r
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
s
b
ef
o
r
e
b
u
t
n
e
w
f
o
r
o
th
er
s
.
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
c
h
an
n
els
ar
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
s
h
ar
in
g
b
et
w
ee
n
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
o
r
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
s
.
W
h
e
r
ea
s
,
th
e
ti
m
e
h
a
s
m
ai
n
l
y
t
h
r
ee
asp
ec
ts
s
tar
ted
b
y
th
e
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
-
d
ec
is
io
n
,
w
h
i
ch
co
n
tai
n
ed
f
i
v
e
lev
el
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
ir
s
t
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
to
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
r
r
ej
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
f
ac
to
r
o
f
ti
m
e
r
e
f
er
s
to
t
h
e
i
n
n
o
v
ati
v
e
n
es
s
w
h
o
co
u
ld
b
e
ea
r
lin
es
s
/late
n
es
s
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
ir
d
,
th
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
r
ate
r
ef
e
r
s
to
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
r
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
ad
o
p
ter
s
.
Fin
al
l
y
,
th
e
s
o
cial
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
at
m
ain
l
y
f
o
c
u
s
e
s
o
n
t
h
e
in
n
o
v
a
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
as
a
u
n
it
o
f
p
eo
p
le,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
,
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
an
d
ac
tio
n
s
.
2
.
1
.
E
lect
ro
nic
-
pa
y
m
ent
s
y
s
t
e
m
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
i
c
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
m
ea
n
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
ast
d
ec
ad
e
h
as
led
to
t
h
e
r
ap
id
g
r
o
w
th
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
co
m
m
er
ce
,
w
h
ic
h
h
as
allo
w
ed
m
a
n
y
in
s
tit
u
tio
n
s
t
o
co
n
d
u
ct
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
o
p
er
atio
n
s
o
v
er
t
h
e
I
n
ter
n
et.
I
n
t
h
e
m
o
d
er
n
er
a,
w
i
th
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
i
n
s
ti
t
u
tio
n
s
a
n
d
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
t
h
at
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
co
m
m
er
cial
ac
tiv
itie
s
.
T
h
e
e
m
er
g
e
n
ce
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
co
m
m
er
ce
h
as
g
e
n
er
ated
m
a
n
y
n
ee
d
s
f
o
r
n
e
w
f
i
n
an
cia
l
s
er
v
ice
s
th
a
t
ar
e
n
o
t
a
v
ailab
le
i
n
tr
ad
itio
n
al
p
a
y
m
en
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
a
n
d
t
h
u
s
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
a
y
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
h
a
v
e
co
m
e
to
r
ep
lace
th
e
tr
ad
i
tio
n
al
p
a
y
m
en
t s
y
s
te
m
s
[1
]
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
a
y
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
a
s
et
o
f
li
n
k
ed
ele
m
en
t
s
,
to
o
ls
,
an
d
m
ea
n
s
o
f
p
a
y
m
e
n
t
ass
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
f
ac
ilit
at
in
g
th
e
e
x
ch
a
n
g
e
o
f
s
er
v
ice
s
an
d
g
o
o
d
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
w
eb
s
ites
.
A
s
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
n
i
c
p
ay
m
en
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
ea
s
e
in
h
a
n
d
lin
g
t
h
e
v
ar
io
u
s
co
m
m
er
cial
ex
c
h
a
n
g
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
v
ar
io
u
s
p
ar
ties
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
a
y
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
as
m
a
n
y
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
es
an
d
b
en
e
f
its
f
o
r
lar
g
e
in
s
tit
u
tio
n
s
,
eith
er
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
ta
l
o
r
p
r
iv
ate,
b
an
k
s
,
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
an
d
s
er
v
ice
i
n
s
tit
u
tio
n
s
,
an
d
i
n
d
iv
i
d
u
als
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
w
o
r
ld
.
As
it
allo
w
s
th
e
p
a
y
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
a
n
d
r
eliab
le
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
lat
f
o
r
m
s
to
m
a
k
e
p
a
y
m
e
n
ts
ef
f
ic
ien
tl
y
,
q
u
ick
l
y
,
a
n
d
w
i
th
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
c
y
i
n
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
s
w
it
h
les
s
ti
m
e
a
n
d
l
ess
co
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
co
n
f
i
d
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
p
ar
ties
to
th
e
ex
c
h
an
g
e
co
m
m
er
cial
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[2
].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
22
,
No
.
2
,
Ma
y
2021
:
1
1
4
4
-
1
1
5
5
1146
T
h
e
p
ay
m
e
n
t
g
a
te
w
a
y
i
s
an
es
s
en
tia
l
ele
m
e
n
t
in
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
ay
m
e
n
t
m
o
d
els
w
h
ich
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
in
f
r
u
s
tr
ac
tu
r
e
f
o
r
elec
tr
o
n
ic
co
m
m
er
cial
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
t
h
at
co
m
m
er
cial
ex
c
h
a
n
g
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
ar
e
s
af
tl
y
an
d
to
m
ai
n
tai
n
j
o
in
t
s
ec
u
r
it
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
3
]
.
Secu
r
e
s
o
ck
et
la
y
er
(
SS
L
)
alo
n
g
w
ith
r
iv
est
-
s
h
a
m
ir
-
ad
le
m
a
n
(
R
S
A
)
w
o
r
k
s
to
p
r
o
tect
o
n
lin
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
f
ea
tu
r
es
:
Ser
v
er
au
th
e
n
tica
tio
n
,
e
n
cr
y
p
tio
n
an
d
d
ata/
m
es
s
a
g
e
i
n
teg
r
i
t
y
[
4
]
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
h
elp
s
in
s
ec
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
s
ale
a
n
d
p
u
r
ch
a
s
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ex
c
h
a
n
g
ed
b
y
en
cr
y
p
tin
g
p
er
s
o
n
al
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
u
ch
a
s
s
p
ec
if
ic
b
an
k
ca
r
d
d
etails
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
a
f
e
tr
an
s
f
er
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
p
ar
ti
es
o
f
th
e
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
[3
].
T
h
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
t
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
a
y
m
e
n
t
p
latf
o
r
m
s
i
n
cl
u
d
es
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ina
ncia
l
pro
ce
s
s
es
,
ac
co
m
m
o
d
atin
g
al
l
u
s
er
s
,
an
d
h
i
g
h
q
u
alit
y
t
h
at
en
h
a
n
ce
s
c
u
s
to
m
er
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
an
d
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
[1
]
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
eq
u
at
io
n
i
llu
s
t
r
ates
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
a
y
m
en
ts
s
y
s
te
m
o
n
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
f
i
n
an
cia
l
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
f
in
a
n
cial
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
0
1
2
.
u
t
u
C
C
E
p
a
y
m
e
n
t
C
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
e
,
W
h
er
e
f
in
a
n
cial
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
is
s
h
o
w
in
g
in
d
ic
ato
r
o
f
th
e
b
u
s
in
es
s
co
m
m
er
cial
s
ec
to
r
s
an
d
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
th
e
n
et
p
r
o
f
i
t
m
ar
g
i
n
o
f
th
e
f
i
n
a
n
cial
s
ec
to
r
[5
]
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
a
y
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
al
s
o
p
r
o
m
o
tes
s
ig
n
i
f
ic
an
t
co
s
t
s
a
v
in
g
s
a
s
w
ell
a
s
tr
ad
itio
n
al
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
s
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
b
u
t
n
o
t
li
m
it
ed
to
,
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
f
i
n
a
n
cial
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
au
to
m
ated
teller
m
ac
h
i
n
es
(
A
T
M)
,
v
ar
io
u
s
p
a
y
m
e
n
t
ca
r
d
s
,
in
ter
n
et
b
an
k
i
n
g
s
er
v
ices
(
I
B
S),
an
d
v
ar
io
u
s
f
i
n
an
cia
l ser
v
ice
s
v
ia
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
es
[1
]
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
ay
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
in
cl
u
d
es
m
an
y
f
ea
t
u
r
es
a
n
d
ad
v
an
tag
e
s
th
at
d
is
ti
n
g
u
i
s
h
it
f
r
o
m
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
p
a
y
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
,
s
u
c
h
as
co
n
f
id
en
tia
lit
y
,
a
v
ail
ab
ilit
y
,
u
s
ab
ilit
y
,
s
ec
u
r
it
y
,
au
th
e
n
tica
tio
n
s
,
an
d
tr
u
s
t
w
o
r
t
h
in
e
s
s
[
6
]
.
No
t
to
m
en
tio
n
ti
m
e
-
s
a
v
i
n
g
,
n
o
ti
m
e
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e,
an
d
f
ast
ex
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
s
r
esu
lted
u
s
in
g
th
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
ay
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
[
7
]
A
l
s
o
,
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
a
y
m
en
t
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
h
a
s
s
ev
er
al
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
t
h
at
p
la
y
a
b
asic
r
o
le
i
n
d
ea
li
n
g
w
it
h
t
h
ese
m
o
d
els,
s
u
c
h
a
s
:
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ex
p
ec
t
an
c
y
,
ef
f
o
r
t
e
x
p
ec
tan
c
y
,
s
o
cial
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
,
p
r
ice
v
al
u
e,
a
w
ar
e
n
ess
,
s
ec
u
r
it
y
,
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
an
d
cu
ltu
r
e
[8
].
Dig
ital
p
a
y
m
e
n
t
s
er
v
ice
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
f
i
n
a
n
cial
i
n
s
tit
u
tio
n
s
co
n
s
i
s
t
o
f
:
v
ir
t
u
al
p
o
in
t
o
f
s
a
les
,
w
h
ic
h
co
n
s
id
er
s
ec
u
r
e,
m
ea
n
s
to
r
ec
eiv
e
p
a
y
m
en
t
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
a
y
m
en
t
t
y
p
es
s
u
ch
a
s
,
Vi
s
a
ca
r
d
an
d
Ma
s
ter
ca
r
d
[
9
]
.
A
s
ec
o
n
d
f
ac
to
r
is
m
o
b
il
e
p
h
o
n
e
s
y
s
te
m
o
p
er
ato
r
s
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
u
n
ivers
a
lity
,
co
s
t
-
effec
tive,
w
id
el
y
ac
ce
p
tab
le,
an
d
g
lo
b
all
y
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
[
1
0
]
.
A
l
s
o
,
d
ig
ital
W
at
I
t
i
s
an
elec
tr
o
n
ic
w
al
let
t
h
at
m
ak
e
s
e
m
p
o
w
er
f
o
r
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
a
y
m
en
ts
b
y
ad
d
in
g
t
h
e
e
s
s
e
n
tial
d
ata
o
f
all
Vi
s
a
c
ar
d
s
,
Ma
s
te
r
ca
r
d
s
,
o
r
p
r
ep
aid
ca
r
d
s
in
th
e
s
a
m
e
s
ec
u
r
ed
clo
u
d
p
latf
o
r
m
,
w
h
ic
h
cu
s
to
m
er
s
en
ab
le
to
s
ec
u
r
el
y
ad
d
,
s
to
r
e,
u
p
d
ate
an
d
ca
n
ce
l
a
lar
g
e
a
m
o
u
n
t o
f
ca
r
d
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
f
r
o
m
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t f
in
a
n
cial
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
[9
].
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
m
o
d
e
l
(
T
A
M)
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
to
o
ls
m
a
k
e
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
t
o
id
en
tif
y
cu
s
to
m
er
in
te
n
tio
n
,
an
d
attit
u
d
es
to
w
ar
d
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
p
la
tf
o
r
m
s
u
s
e.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
it
s
et
o
n
t
w
o
v
ar
iab
le
s
:
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
a
n
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
u
s
e
f
u
l
n
es
s
[
1
1
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
ess
e
n
tial
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
i
n
p
a
y
m
e
n
t
m
et
h
o
d
s
th
at
u
tili
ze
t
h
e
clo
u
d
-
s
y
s
te
m
s
co
r
r
elate
w
it
h
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
m
o
d
el
b
y
E
lectr
o
n
ic
-
b
ased
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
u
c
h
a
s
c
y
b
er
ca
s
h
an
d
n
et
b
ill as
w
ell
as in
ter
n
e
t
-
b
ased
p
a
y
m
e
n
t s
y
s
te
m
li
k
e
v
i
s
a
ca
r
d
[
1
2
]
.
2
.
2
.
T
rus
t
a
nd
t
rus
t
w
o
rt
hin
ess
T
h
e
tr
u
s
t
f
ac
to
r
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
m
i
n
en
t
f
ac
to
r
s
t
h
at
g
r
ea
tl
y
a
f
f
ec
t
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
a
n
d
g
r
o
w
t
h
o
f
an
elec
tr
o
n
ic
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
,
esp
e
ciall
y
elec
tr
o
n
ic
co
m
m
er
ce
.
Mo
s
t th
eo
r
ies r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
tr
u
s
t a
r
e
b
ased
o
n
p
er
s
o
n
al
co
n
tact
an
d
tr
ad
itio
n
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
elec
tr
o
n
ic
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
n
at
u
r
all
y
lac
k
s
th
i
s
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
.
T
h
u
s
,
it
is
e
x
tr
e
m
el
y
d
i
f
f
icu
lt
to
cr
ea
te
an
d
/o
r
m
ai
n
tai
n
a
h
i
g
h
le
v
el
o
f
tr
u
s
t
f
o
r
elec
tr
o
n
ic
b
u
s
i
n
ess
p
lat
f
o
r
m
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
esp
ec
ially
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
lev
el
o
f
p
r
o
tectio
n
an
d
s
af
et
y
w
h
e
n
d
esig
n
i
n
g
elec
tr
o
n
i
c
b
u
s
i
n
ess
p
lat
f
o
r
m
s
an
d
v
er
if
y
th
e
tec
h
n
ical
p
r
o
tectio
n
t
h
at
h
as b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
r
is
k
s
o
f
e
x
c
h
an
g
e
an
d
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
b
ef
o
r
e
ad
d
r
ess
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
s
s
u
e
o
f
tr
u
s
t
f
o
r
u
s
er
s
[
2
].
T
r
u
s
t
is
cr
itical
an
d
a
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
f
ac
to
r
in
all
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
h
u
m
a
n
an
d
s
o
cial
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
a
n
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
,
as
it
i
s
a
m
aj
o
r
r
e
aso
n
f
o
r
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
a
n
d
co
m
p
an
ies
to
ac
ce
p
t
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
w
i
t
h
ea
ch
o
t
h
er
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
v
ar
io
u
s
d
ef
in
iti
o
n
s
o
f
tr
u
s
t
f
r
o
m
m
an
y
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
as
:(
1
)
a
s
et
o
f
s
p
ec
if
ic
b
elie
f
s
,
attit
u
d
es,
i
n
te
n
tio
n
s
,
b
eh
a
v
io
r
,
an
d
g
o
a
l
-
o
r
i
en
ted
(
tr
u
s
tin
g
b
elie
f
s
[
1
3
]
.
;
(
2
)
it
is
a
m
i
x
t
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
b
asic
ele
m
e
n
ts
s
u
c
h
as
r
e
liab
ilit
y
,
v
alid
it
y
,
u
ti
lit
y
,
cr
ed
ib
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
s
el
f
-
o
r
ie
n
tatio
n
,
w
h
ich
ar
e
li
n
k
ed
b
y
d
if
f
er
e
n
t r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
in
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
t f
o
r
m
s
[
1
4
].
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
'
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
n
t
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
tr
u
s
t
d
if
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
er
en
t
an
g
le
s
,
th
er
e
ar
e
m
aj
o
r
co
m
m
o
n
f
ac
to
r
s
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
m
,
as
f
o
llo
w
s
[
1
5
]
.
a)
T
h
e
tr
u
s
t f
ac
to
r
p
la
y
s
a
n
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t r
o
le,
esp
ec
iall
y
i
n
a
r
is
k
y
an
d
/o
r
u
n
ce
r
tai
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
.
b)
T
r
u
s
t is th
e
co
r
n
er
s
to
n
e
o
n
w
h
ich
to
m
a
k
e
b
o
ld
d
ec
is
io
n
s
.
c)
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
tr
u
s
t
an
d
th
e
t
w
o
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
k
n
o
w
l
ed
g
e
an
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
is
g
o
v
er
n
ed
b
y
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
.
d)
T
r
u
s
t is an
in
n
er
f
ee
lin
g
t
h
at
is
b
ased
o
n
s
ev
er
al
co
n
ce
p
ts
,
v
a
lu
es,
a
n
d
g
i
v
en
s
o
f
an
i
n
d
i
v
id
u
al.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
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m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
E
ffect
o
f Co
vid
-
1
9
o
n
th
e
elec
t
r
o
n
ic
p
a
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n
t sys
tem:
u
s
a
g
e
l
ev
el
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r
u
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n
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…
(
Ma
h
mo
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d
O
d
eh
)
1147
T
r
u
s
t
an
d
tr
u
s
t
w
o
r
th
i
n
es
s
w
e
r
e
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
eir
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
i
n
s
o
ciet
y
n
o
w
ad
a
y
s
w
i
th
ac
c
o
m
p
a
n
y
in
g
b
eh
av
io
r
s
o
f
ec
o
n
o
m
y
,
p
o
lit
y
,
an
d
cu
ltu
r
e
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
er
e
is
n
o
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
tr
u
s
t
an
d
tr
u
s
t
w
o
r
th
in
e
s
s
b
u
t
ar
e
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
tar
y
to
ea
ch
o
t
h
er
,
is
th
at
tr
u
s
t
is
co
n
f
id
en
ce
in
o
r
r
elian
ce
o
n
s
o
m
e
p
er
s
o
n
o
r
q
u
alit
y
,
w
h
er
e
co
n
f
id
e
n
ce
in
cl
u
d
es:
b
elief
,
em
o
tio
n
s
,
a
tacit
d
em
a
n
d
,
a
d
es
ir
e,
an
d
r
ec
ip
r
o
ca
l
a
ctiv
it
y
[
1
7
]
.
W
h
ile
tr
u
s
t
w
o
r
t
h
in
e
s
s
is
th
e
s
tate
o
r
q
u
alit
y
o
f
b
e
in
g
tr
u
s
t
w
o
r
t
h
y
o
r
r
eliab
le,
d
er
iv
atio
n
s
o
f
tr
u
s
t
w
o
r
th
in
e
s
s
in
cl
u
d
e
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
m
ai
n
ele
m
en
t
s
:
co
n
s
i
s
te
n
c
y
,
co
m
p
ete
n
ce
,
w
el
f
ar
e,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
in
teg
r
i
t
y
,
an
d
v
alu
e
alig
n
m
e
n
t [
1
8
].
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
m
ain
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
w
h
ic
h
i
n
cl
u
d
e
tr
u
s
t,
cr
ed
ib
ilit
y
,
r
eliab
il
it
y
,
an
d
in
ti
m
ac
y
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
a
n
y
k
e
y
ele
m
e
n
t
s
th
a
t
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
a
v
e
u
s
ed
in
v
ar
io
u
s
m
a
th
e
m
atica
l
m
e
th
o
d
s
to
ar
r
iv
e
at
a
n
eq
u
atio
n
t
h
at
m
ea
s
u
r
es th
e
le
v
el
o
f
tr
u
s
t o
f
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
s
an
d
i
n
s
ti
tu
t
io
n
s
.
T
h
ese
i
n
clu
d
e
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
:
a)
C
r
ed
ib
ilit
y
:
I
t
s
p
ea
k
s
to
wo
r
d
s
an
d
cr
e
d
en
tials
[
1
6
]
.
A
l
s
o
,
it
is
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
d
is
tin
cti
v
e
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icato
r
's
w
h
ich
a
f
f
ec
t
s
th
e
ap
p
r
o
v
al
o
f
t
h
e
b
elie
v
ab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
m
ess
a
g
e
b
y
th
e
r
ec
ip
ien
t.
T
r
u
s
t
w
o
r
th
in
e
s
s
a
n
d
ex
p
er
tis
e
is
th
e
m
ai
n
k
e
y
to
d
ef
i
n
e
cr
ed
ib
ilit
y
[
1
4
]
.
b)
R
elia
b
ilit
y
:
R
ep
r
esen
t
h
o
w
o
t
h
er
s
p
er
ce
iv
e
th
e
co
n
s
is
te
n
c
y
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
ac
tio
n
s
a
n
d
in
s
ti
t
u
tio
n
ac
tio
n
s
‟
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
w
it
h
o
u
r
w
o
r
d
s
(
in
te
g
r
it
y
)
.
A
l
s
o
,
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
n
clu
d
e
s
t
h
e
co
m
p
ete
n
c
e
o
f
A
r
ti
f
icial
I
n
telli
g
en
ce
i
n
co
m
p
leti
n
g
tas
k
s
a
n
d
f
i
n
is
h
i
n
g
t
h
o
s
e
ta
s
k
s
co
n
s
i
s
te
n
tl
y
a
n
d
r
eliab
l
y
[
1
3
]
.
c)
I
n
tima
cy
:
A
t
f
ir
s
t
g
lan
ce
,
i
n
ti
m
ac
y
i
s
a
s
tr
a
n
g
e
w
o
r
d
to
u
s
e
in
a
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
co
n
te
x
t.
“
W
h
at,
I
’
m
s
u
p
p
o
s
ed
to
in
ti
m
ate
w
it
h
m
y
clie
n
t
s
?
”
I
n
th
e
s
e
n
s
a
tio
n
t
h
at
b
ein
g
i
n
t
i
m
ate
m
ea
n
s
b
ein
g
f
a
m
i
liar
,
u
n
o
f
f
icial,
a
n
d
e
m
o
tio
n
all
y
co
n
n
ec
ted
[
1
6
]
.
I
t
p
o
in
ts
o
u
t t
h
e
s
a
f
et
y
f
ee
li
n
g
am
o
u
n
t
w
it
h
t
h
e
in
ter
ac
ti
n
g
o
b
jects [
1
4
]
.
d)
S
elf
-
o
r
ien
ta
tio
n
:
I
t
is
n
o
t
r
ef
e
r
r
ed
to
as
s
elf
is
h
n
es
s
;
it
i
s
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ac
to
r
th
at
co
m
b
in
es
w
it
h
o
th
er
tr
u
s
t
w
o
r
t
h
in
e
s
s
eq
u
a
tio
n
f
ac
to
r
s
to
p
o
in
t o
u
t th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t o
f
o
b
j
ec
t'
s
f
o
cu
s
[
1
4
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
tr
u
s
t a
d
v
is
o
r
s
o
u
r
ce
: th
e
tr
u
s
ted
ad
v
is
o
r
‟
A
b
o
o
k
b
y
Dav
id
Ma
i
s
ter
,
C
h
ar
le
s
g
r
ee
n
,
an
d
R
o
b
er
t,
2
0
0
1
I
n
th
e
tr
u
s
t
eq
u
atio
n
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
th
r
ee
f
ac
to
r
s
r
ep
r
esen
t
t
h
e
n
u
m
er
ato
r
an
d
th
e
f
o
u
r
th
f
ac
to
r
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
th
e
d
en
o
m
i
n
ato
r
.
M
ath
e
m
atic
all
y
,
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
er
t
h
e
n
u
m
er
ato
r
v
alu
e
an
d
/o
r
t
h
e
lo
w
er
t
h
e
d
en
o
m
i
n
ato
r
v
al
u
e,
th
at
lead
s
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
er
o
f
tr
u
s
t v
alu
e,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
is
eq
u
a
tio
n
.
T
h
e
tr
u
s
t
v
al
u
e
x
T
(
t)
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
r
ea
l
n
u
m
b
er
,
w
h
ic
h
(
x
)
r
ef
er
s
to
h
o
n
e
s
t
y
,
co
o
p
er
ativ
en
ess
,
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
-
in
ter
e
s
t
[
1
9
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
er
e
ar
e
t
w
o
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
t
r
u
s
t o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
: t
h
e
f
ir
s
t o
n
e
ca
lled
“
Dir
ec
t tr
u
s
t
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
”
w
h
ic
h
r
e
m
ar
k
ab
le
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
f
o
r
m
u
la:
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
x
ji
F
rie
nd
s
j
F
rie
nd
s
i
T
F
rie
nd
s
j
F
rie
nd
s
i
(
1
)
O
r
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
x
ji
Com
m
un
it
y
j
Com
m
un
it
y
i
T
Com
m
un
it
y
j
Com
m
un
it
y
i
(
2
)
(
,
)
0
whe
ras
j
i
,
w
h
er
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
(
1
)
Usi
n
g
s
o
cial
f
r
ien
d
s
h
ip
to
ch
ar
ac
ter
iz
e
an
d
f
o
r
m
u
la
(
2
)
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
/g
r
o
u
p
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
.
A
s
ec
o
n
d
t
y
p
e
ca
lled
“
I
n
d
ir
ec
t
tr
u
s
t
o
b
s
er
v
at
io
n
s
“th
at
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
22
,
No
.
2
,
Ma
y
2021
:
1
1
4
4
-
1
1
5
5
1148
()
1
(
)
x
x
ik
ik
x
ik
B
T
t
T
B
T
t
(
3
)
w
h
er
e
x
ik
T
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
tr
u
s
t
an
d
B
is
th
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
r
e
co
m
m
e
n
d
ed
tr
u
s
t.
A
l
s
o
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
ca
n
class
i
f
y
tr
u
s
t t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
t
w
o
f
ac
to
r
s
:
a)
Tr
u
s
t
b
y
th
e
r
ela
tio
n
:
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
tr
u
s
t
i
n
a
s
o
cial
n
et
w
o
r
k
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
is
a
ch
al
len
g
i
n
g
t
ask
d
u
e
to
th
e
w
id
e
r
an
g
e
an
d
m
o
s
tl
y
r
a
n
d
o
m
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
o
n
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
O
n
m
a
n
y
s
o
cial
n
et
w
o
r
k
in
g
s
ite
s
,
w
h
e
n
a
u
s
er
ad
d
s
n
e
w
f
r
ie
n
d
s
in
to
th
e
ir
s
o
cial
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
th
e
y
ar
e
r
eq
u
e
s
ted
to
s
p
ec
if
y
th
e
k
i
n
d
o
f
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
m
.
T
h
is
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
ca
n
b
e
s
p
ec
i
f
ie
d
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
f
o
r
m
u
la
[
2
0
]
.
5
,
,
,
,
.
.
.
.
.
,
,
,
,
,
1
2
5
6
...
...
.
...
...
.
a
n
a
u
a
b
c
n
u
a
b
b
c
n
u
u
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
W
h
er
e
1
T
to
6
T
,
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
tr
u
s
t
w
ei
g
h
t
o
f
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
is
eq
u
atio
n
s
h
o
w
s
h
o
w
to
co
m
p
u
te
th
e
tr
u
s
t
b
et
w
ee
n
u
s
er
s
a
an
d
u
,
w
h
o
ar
e
s
ep
ar
ated
b
y
n
+1
J
UM
P
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
i
n
ter
m
ed
iat
e
u
s
er
in
t
h
e
s
o
cial
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
b)
Tr
u
s
t
b
y
r
ep
u
ta
tio
n
:
I
n
ad
d
iti
o
n
to
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
,
tr
u
s
t
ca
n
b
e
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
ep
u
tatio
n
o
f
a
u
s
er
.
T
h
e
co
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
o
f
a
k
n
o
w
n
ex
p
er
t
o
n
a
g
iv
e
n
to
p
ic
w
i
ll
ca
r
r
y
r
e
m
ar
k
ab
le
w
ei
g
h
t
w
i
th
o
th
er
u
s
er
s
,
e
v
e
n
if
t
h
er
e
ar
e
n
o
s
o
cial
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
u
s
er
a
n
d
th
e
ex
p
er
t
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
tr
u
s
t
b
y
r
ep
u
t
atio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
u
s
er
a
an
d
u
s
er
u
c
a
n
b
e
e
v
a
lu
ated
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
v
al
u
es
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
attr
ib
u
tes
u
s
in
g
M
u
lt
ip
le
A
ttrib
u
te
Util
it
y
T
h
eo
r
y
as
f
o
l
lo
w
s
:
1
,
n
i
au
G
I
Ci
P
I
W
T
W
P
L
F
NF
T
T
a
B
Y
e
totpi
totw
tw
p
totl
f
totnf
tott
totgic
“
W
h
er
e
α
+
β+γ
+δ+
ε+
θ=
1
,
an
d
w
h
er
ea
s
,
P
I
in
d
icate
p
er
s
o
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
,
W
T
W
P
r
ef
e
r
r
ed
to
w
all
-
to
-
w
a
ll
p
o
s
ts
,
L
F
i
n
d
icate
s
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lin
k
s
a
m
o
n
g
f
r
ien
d
s
,
NF
r
ef
er
r
ed
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
f
r
ien
d
s
,
T
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
co
u
n
t
o
f
tag
s
a
m
o
n
g
u
s
er
a
an
d
u
s
er
u
,
an
d
GI
C
in
d
icate
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
g
r
o
u
p
s
i
n
co
m
m
o
n
.
I
n
ea
ch
ter
m
,
th
e
d
en
o
m
i
n
ato
r
to
t r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
to
tal
q
u
an
tit
y
o
f
t
h
at
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
attr
ib
u
te
o
f
th
i
s
u
s
er
”
[2
0
,
p
.
9
]
T
h
e
tr
u
s
t
f
ac
to
r
h
as
a
g
r
ea
t
im
p
ac
t
o
n
elec
tr
o
n
ic
clo
u
d
s
er
v
ices,
an
d
s
ev
er
al
s
y
m
b
o
l
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
f
o
r
m
u
lated
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
m
ath
e
m
atica
l
eq
u
atio
n
,
an
d
th
is
eq
u
atio
n
is
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
an
d
ev
alu
a
tio
n
o
f
th
e
ele
m
e
n
ts
o
f
tr
u
s
t
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
tl
y
[
21
].
1
(
,
)
()
v
c
i
rs
F
l
s
T
Vs
w
h
er
e
V(
s
)
is
all
tr
u
s
t
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
g
iv
e
n
to
th
e
clo
u
d
s
er
v
ice
s
.
(
,
)
(
,
)
(
)
c
F
l
s
F
l
s
E
rp
l
,
w
h
er
ea
s
(
,
)
c
F
l
s
is
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
f
o
r
tr
u
s
t
r
es
u
lt
an
d
()
E
rp
l
is
C
lo
u
d
C
o
n
s
u
m
er
’
s
E
x
p
er
ien
ce
a
g
g
r
eg
ated
w
e
ig
h
t
s
.
2
.
3
.
T
he
co
m
pet
ence
a
nd
co
m
p
et
ency
m
o
del
Var
io
u
s
d
ef
i
n
itio
n
s
o
f
co
m
p
eten
c
y
ar
e
av
ailab
le.
I
n
th
e
HR
-
XM
L
A
s
s
o
ciatio
n
C
o
m
p
e
ten
cie
s
Sch
e
m
a,
co
m
p
eten
c
y
i
s
clar
if
i
ed
as th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
:
a)
“Co
m
p
ete
n
ce
is
a
p
er
s
o
n
'
s
a
b
ilit
y
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
ce
r
tain
a
ctiv
it
y
–
q
u
alit
y
,
s
k
ills
,
a
n
d
ab
ilit
y
to
d
o
s
o
m
et
h
i
n
g
co
m
p
ete
n
tl
y
.
T
h
is
n
o
tio
n
e
m
p
h
as
izes
t
h
e
in
tr
i
n
s
ic
q
u
alit
y
o
f
h
u
m
an
s
,
w
h
ic
h
allo
w
s
h
i
m
to
s
u
b
m
it a
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
”
[
2
2
,
p
.
3
]
.
b)
An
u
n
d
er
l
y
i
n
g
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
a
p
er
s
o
n
w
h
ic
h
r
esu
lts
i
n
an
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
an
d
/o
r
s
u
p
er
io
r
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
a
j
o
b
”
an
d
s
et
th
at
t
h
e
co
m
p
ete
n
c
y
in
c
lu
d
es
“
a
m
o
ti
v
e,
tr
ait,
s
k
ill,
a
s
p
ec
t
o
f
o
n
e
’
s
s
el
f
-
i
m
ag
e
o
r
s
o
cial
r
o
le,
o
r
a
b
o
d
y
o
f
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
w
h
ic
h
h
e/
s
h
e
u
s
e
s
[
2
3
].
c)
E
m
er
g
i
n
g
b
eh
a
v
io
r
w
it
h
in
a
s
p
ec
ialized
d
o
m
ai
n
i
n
t
h
e
s
h
ap
e
o
f
co
n
s
i
s
te
n
tl
y
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
d
ac
tio
n
s
o
f
a
n
in
d
iv
id
u
al
w
h
ich
ar
e
b
o
th
m
i
n
i
m
all
y
e
f
f
ic
ien
t i
n
t
h
eir
f
u
l
f
ill
m
en
t a
n
d
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
i
n
th
e
ir
r
esu
lts
[
2
4
].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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n
d
o
n
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n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
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N:
2502
-
4752
E
ffect
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f Co
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-
1
9
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n
th
e
elec
t
r
o
n
ic
p
a
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t sys
tem:
u
s
a
g
e
l
ev
el
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r
u
s
t a
n
d
…
(
Ma
h
mo
u
d
O
d
eh
)
1149
T
h
e
co
m
p
ete
n
c
y
m
o
d
el
d
ep
en
d
s
lar
g
e
l
y
o
n
th
e
ce
r
tain
t
y
t
h
at
t
h
e
o
th
er
s
id
e
is
r
ea
ll
y
q
u
alif
ied
a
n
d
h
ig
h
l
y
cr
ed
ib
le,
an
d
lo
o
k
in
g
at
th
e
co
m
p
ete
n
c
y
m
o
d
el
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
t
h
at
t
h
e
(
tr
u
s
tee)
h
a
s
a
d
ee
p
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
an
d
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
ex
p
er
ien
ce
an
d
th
e
s
k
i
lls
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
f
u
lf
il
l
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
th
e
(
tr
u
s
to
r
)
,
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
co
n
f
id
e
n
ce
o
f
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
s
g
r
o
w
s
,
t
h
e
y
b
elie
v
e
th
at
t
h
e
o
th
er
p
ar
ty
w
ill
ac
t
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
an
d
th
u
s
w
i
ll
f
u
l
f
il
l
h
i
s
co
m
m
i
t
m
e
n
t.
I
n
o
t
h
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
co
m
p
e
ten
c
e
is
li
n
k
ed
to
t
h
e
i
n
s
t
itu
tio
n
'
s
ab
ilit
y
to
d
eli
v
er
o
n
its
p
r
o
m
is
e
s
[
1
8
].
T
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
d
ef
i
n
i
n
g
co
m
p
ete
n
cie
s
in
s
o
ciet
y
co
m
es
to
th
e
estab
lis
h
m
e
n
t
o
f
w
h
a
t
i
s
ca
lled
a
co
m
p
ete
n
c
y
m
o
d
el
t
h
at
i
s
a
f
e
atu
r
e
f
o
r
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
o
s
it
io
n
,
a
n
d
th
i
s
m
o
d
el
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
i
n
m
an
y
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
f
ield
s
an
d
it
g
r
ea
tl
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
to
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
h
u
m
an
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
e
m
p
l
o
y
ee
r
ec
r
u
it
m
e
n
t,
p
er
io
d
ic
r
em
u
n
er
at
io
n
o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
an
d
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
tr
ain
i
n
g
.
T
o
k
ee
p
ab
r
ea
s
t
o
f
th
e
latest
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
ts
an
d
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
.
I
t
is
a
k
e
y
to
o
l
in
as
s
es
s
in
g
th
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
,
ca
r
ee
r
p
la
n
n
in
g
,
an
d
talen
t
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t [
2
3
].
T
h
e
co
m
p
ete
n
c
y
m
o
d
el
is
v
er
y
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
to
a
n
al
y
ze
t
h
e
s
k
il
ls
g
ap
,
a
n
d
co
m
p
ar
e
t
h
e
av
ailab
le
co
m
p
ete
n
cie
s
an
d
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
co
m
p
ete
n
cies,
b
o
th
at
th
e
lev
el
o
f
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
in
d
i
v
id
u
als
a
n
d
in
s
tit
u
tio
n
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
co
m
p
ete
n
c
y
m
o
d
el
g
r
ea
tl
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
s
to
cr
ea
tin
g
a
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
lan
f
o
r
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
in
en
ter
p
r
i
s
e
s
to
eli
m
i
n
ate
t
h
e
g
ap
.
Als
o
,
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
v
ar
iab
les
m
u
s
t
b
e
tak
e
n
in
to
a
cc
o
u
n
t
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
et
en
c
y
m
o
d
el
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
ictio
n
ar
ies
d
ed
icate
d
to
s
k
ill
s
an
d
t
h
eir
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
a
n
d
th
e
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
o
f
co
m
p
eten
cie
s
an
d
v
er
if
icatio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
e
v
er
al
to
o
ls
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
-
s
u
r
v
e
y
s
,
i
n
ter
v
ie
w
s
,
f
o
cu
s
g
r
o
u
p
s
[
2
2
].
A
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
i
v
e
m
a
n
ag
e
m
en
t
co
m
p
ete
n
c
y
m
o
d
el
i
n
d
icate
s
t
h
e
n
ec
es
s
it
y
o
f
ev
al
u
ati
n
g
t
h
e
co
m
p
ete
n
c
y
h
o
lis
tical
l
y
-
a
s
t
h
e
m
an
a
g
er
ial
co
m
p
e
ten
ce
is
b
ased
o
n
th
r
ee
b
as
ic
p
illar
s
:
t
h
e
co
g
n
iti
v
e
ab
ilit
y
,
s
k
il
l
i
n
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
k
n
o
w
led
g
e,
an
d
s
o
cial
m
at
u
r
it
y
o
f
ea
c
h
m
an
a
g
er
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ete
n
c
y
eq
u
atio
n
p
r
ese
n
ted
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
f
o
r
m
u
la:
“
HQ
=
f
(
SQ,
A
Q,
KQ)
W
h
er
e
:
HQ
=
Ho
lis
tic
co
m
p
ete
n
ce
SQ =
So
cial
m
at
u
r
it
y
,
SQ =
S
Q1
,
SQ2
,
SQ3
,
SQ4
,
A
Q
=
A
p
p
licatio
n
(
p
r
ac
tical)
s
k
ill
s
,
AQ=
A
Q1
,
AQ2
,
A
Q3
,
A
Q4
,
A
Q5
KQ
=
Kn
o
w
led
g
e
ab
ili
t
y
,
KQ
=
KQ1
,
KQ2
,
KQ3
,
KQ4
”
[
1
8
,
p
.
4
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
i
s
m
o
d
el
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
:
a)
So
cial
m
at
u
r
it
y
,
w
h
ic
h
m
ea
n
s
th
e
w
illi
n
g
n
e
s
s
o
f
a
n
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
to
tak
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
h
is
/
h
er
co
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
.
b)
A
p
p
licatio
n
(
p
r
ac
tical)
s
k
ills
,
r
ef
er
s
to
a
p
er
s
o
n
’
s
ab
ilit
y
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
ce
r
tai
n
tas
k
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
s
u
r
g
eo
n
’
s
s
k
il
l to
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
u
r
g
er
y
[
23
].
c)
Kn
o
w
led
g
ea
b
ilit
y
r
ela
tes
to
e
v
er
y
t
h
i
n
g
t
h
at
a
n
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
c
an
lear
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
tr
ain
i
n
g
co
u
r
s
es
a
n
d
v
ar
io
u
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
y
s
te
m
s
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
co
g
n
i
tiv
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
s
u
c
h
a
s
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
/
co
g
n
iti
v
e
a
w
ar
e
n
es
s
,
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
lear
n
in
g
,
s
o
cial
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
a
n
d
co
n
s
tr
u
cti
v
e
th
i
n
k
i
n
g
.
I
t
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
s
o
m
et
h
i
n
g
s
u
c
h
as a
n
e
w
o
r
u
p
d
ated
m
et
h
o
d
o
r
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
[
2
2
].
T
h
e
is
s
u
e
o
f
a
co
m
p
ete
n
c
y
m
o
d
el
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
to
o
ls
t
h
a
t
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
u
s
e
to
o
b
tain
t
h
e
ir
d
esire
s
.
T
w
o
f
ac
to
r
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
m
e
asu
r
e
th
e
co
m
p
e
ten
c
y
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
f
o
r
m
u
la:
1
2
3
W
h
er
e
:
1
B
B
v
(1
)
2
2
B
B
v
(
2
)
3
3
B
B
v
(
3
)
R
ep
r
esen
t
t
h
e
co
m
p
eten
c
y
m
o
d
el,
an
d
1
2
3
in
d
icate
C
u
s
to
m
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
C
u
s
to
m
er
tr
u
s
t,
an
d
C
u
s
to
m
er
lo
y
a
lt
y
[
2
5
].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
22
,
No
.
2
,
Ma
y
2021
:
1
1
4
4
-
1
1
5
5
1150
3.
RE
S
E
ARCH
H
YP
O
T
H
E
S
E
S
T
h
e
s
u
b
j
ec
t
o
f
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
r
ev
o
lv
es
ar
o
u
n
d
h
o
w
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
C
o
v
id
-
1
9
o
n
th
e
u
s
a
g
e
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
a
y
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
tr
u
s
t
f
ac
to
r
s
,
an
d
co
m
p
ete
n
c
y
.
a)
Hyp
o
th
eses
1
:
T
h
e
p
an
d
e
m
ic
o
f
C
o
v
id
-
1
9
h
a
s
a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
n
th
e
u
s
a
g
e
le
v
el
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
ay
m
e
n
t s
y
s
te
m
s
.
b)
Hyp
o
th
eses
2
:
T
h
e
p
an
d
e
m
ic
o
f
C
o
v
id
-
1
9
h
a
s
a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
t
h
e
tr
u
s
t
f
ac
to
r
o
f
u
s
in
g
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
ay
m
e
n
t s
y
s
te
m
s
.
c)
Hyp
o
th
eses
3
: T
h
e
p
an
d
em
ic
o
f
C
o
v
id
-
1
9
h
as a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
in
f
l
u
en
ce
o
n
t
h
e
co
m
p
ete
n
ce
le
v
el
.
4.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
AND
M
AIN RES
UL
T
S
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
t
h
e
in
d
u
cti
v
e
-
d
etec
ti
v
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
s
i
n
g
q
u
an
titati
v
e
a
n
d
q
u
alitat
i
v
e
m
ix
ed
-
m
o
d
e
m
eth
o
d
s
.
A
to
tal
o
f
7
1
8
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
h
ad
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
ll
y
r
esp
o
n
d
ed
to
th
e
o
n
lin
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
.
B
esid
es,
3
1
s
em
i
-
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
in
ter
v
ie
w
s
h
a
v
e
b
e
en
co
n
d
u
cted
w
it
h
ex
p
er
ts
i
n
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
an
d
e
-
m
ar
k
et
in
g
.
T
ab
le
1
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
i
n
th
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
W
h
er
ea
s
,
T
ab
le
2
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
p
r
o
f
il
e
s
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
i
n
in
ter
v
ie
w
s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
C
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
i
n
t
h
e
o
n
li
n
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
st
i
c
s
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
T
o
t
a
l
(
n
=
7
1
8
)
N
(
%)
G
e
n
d
e
r
M
a
l
e
F
e
mal
e
4
1
2
(
5
7
.
4
)
3
0
6
(
4
2
.
6
)
G
o
v
e
r
n
o
r
a
t
e
N
o
r
t
h
M
i
d
d
l
e
S
o
u
t
h
8
9
(
1
2
.
3
)
3
6
7
(
5
1
.
3
)
2
6
2
(
3
6
.
4
)
A
g
e
(
y
e
a
r
s)
18
-
30
31
-
45
46
-
60
>
6
0
2
4
6
(
3
4
.
2
)
3
1
8
(
4
4
.
5
)
1
4
9
(
2
0
.
7
)
5
(
0
.
6
)
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
e
v
e
l
S
e
c
o
n
d
a
r
y
sch
o
o
l
o
r
l
e
ss
D
i
p
l
o
ma
o
r
b
a
c
h
e
l
o
r
s
H
i
g
h
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
(
M
a
s
t
e
r
o
r
P
h
.
D
.
)
1
4
6
(
2
0
.
3
)
5
1
3
(
7
1
.
5
)
5
9
(
8
.
2
)
M
o
n
t
h
l
y
i
n
c
o
me
<
p
o
v
e
r
t
y
l
i
n
e
≥
P
o
v
e
r
t
y
l
i
n
e
6
4
(
8
.
9
)
6
5
4
(
9
1
.
1
)
T
ab
le
2
.
I
n
ter
v
ie
w
ee
p
r
o
f
ile
s
#
C
o
d
e
I
n
t
e
r
v
i
e
w
e
e
p
r
o
f
e
ssi
o
n
a
l
p
r
o
f
i
l
e
Y
e
a
r
s o
f
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
1
V1
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
i
n
m
a
r
k
e
t
i
n
g
23
2
V2
Ex
p
e
r
t
i
n
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
b
u
si
n
e
ss
11
3
V3
G
e
n
e
r
a
l
man
a
g
e
r
i
n
w
e
l
l
-
k
n
o
w
n
w
e
b
s
i
t
e
f
o
r
o
n
l
i
n
e
se
r
v
i
c
e
s
26
4
V4
B
a
n
k
b
r
a
n
c
h
ma
n
a
g
e
r
9
5
V5
B
a
n
k
t
e
a
m l
e
a
d
e
r
7
6
V6
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
i
n
m
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
i
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
sy
st
e
ms
18
7
V7
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
i
n
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
sci
e
n
c
e
19
8
V8
A
ssi
st
a
n
t
p
r
o
f
e
sso
r
i
n
c
o
mp
u
t
e
r
sci
e
n
c
e
4
9
V9
A
ssi
st
a
n
t
p
r
o
f
e
sso
r
i
n
so
f
t
w
a
r
e
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
1
10
V
1
0
A
sso
c
i
a
t
e
p
r
o
f
e
sso
r
i
n
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
c
o
m
me
r
c
e
6
11
V
1
1
B
a
n
k
se
n
i
o
r
m
a
n
a
g
e
r
12
12
V
1
2
S
e
n
i
o
r
p
r
o
g
r
a
mm
e
r
i
n
W
e
l
l
-
kno
w
n
w
e
b
si
t
e
f
o
r
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n
l
i
n
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
13
13
V
1
3
A
ssi
st
a
n
t
p
r
o
f
e
sso
r
i
n
ma
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
i
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
sy
st
e
ms
3
T
h
e
d
ata
h
as
b
ee
n
an
al
y
ze
d
u
s
in
g
s
e
v
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to
o
ls
s
u
ch
as
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t
b
u
s
i
n
ess
i
n
telli
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e
n
ce
,
NViv
o
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h
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1
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it c
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g
er
i
n
a
w
ell
-
k
n
o
w
n
w
eb
s
ite
s
ta
ted
th
at:
“
Du
r
in
g
th
e
la
s
t
th
r
ee
mo
n
th
s
,
w
e
r
ec
eive
d
a
co
n
s
id
era
b
le
n
u
mb
er
o
f
co
mp
la
in
ts
a
b
o
u
t
t
h
e
d
elive
r
y
s
ervices
a
n
d
d
elive
r
y
time.
Th
is
is
ex
p
ec
ted
a
s
th
e
t
r
a
ffic
a
n
d
o
r
d
ers
o
n
o
u
r
w
eb
s
ite
h
a
s
d
r
a
ma
tica
lly
in
crea
s
ed
.
W
e
d
i
d
n
o
t fo
cu
s
o
n
co
mp
eten
cy
in
th
is
s
ta
g
e.
Th
e
ma
in
fo
cu
s
i
s
to
fin
is
h
th
e
o
r
d
ers
a
n
d
clo
s
e
th
e
co
mp
la
in
in
g
ca
s
es.
I
n
th
e
la
s
t
few
m
o
n
th
s
,
w
e
r
ec
o
g
n
iz
ed
th
a
t
th
e
n
u
mb
er
o
f
emp
lo
ye
es is
n
o
t e
n
o
u
g
h
to
co
ve
r
a
ll th
is
tr
a
ffic”.
V
1
3
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
,
it
co
u
ld
b
e
ar
g
u
ed
th
at
t
h
e
C
o
v
id
-
1
9
h
as
a
n
e
g
ati
v
e
in
f
l
u
en
ce
o
n
th
e
co
m
p
ete
n
c
y
o
f
o
n
li
n
e
o
r
d
er
s
as
w
ell
a
s
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
ay
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
e
h
i
g
h
lev
el
o
f
o
n
l
in
e
o
r
d
er
s
en
f
o
r
ce
s
t
h
e
o
n
li
n
e
s
h
o
p
s
an
d
w
eb
s
i
tes t
o
s
h
ed
th
e
li
g
h
t o
n
c
o
m
p
lete
n
e
s
s
r
ath
er
t
h
an
p
er
f
ec
tio
n
.
5.
F
RAM
E
WO
RK
5
.
1
.
M
a
na
g
er
i
a
l sid
e
a
nd
t
heo
re
t
ica
l f
o
un
da
t
io
n
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Fig
u
r
e
5
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
r
am
e
w
o
r
k
o
f
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
s
tar
ted
w
it
h
t
h
e
tr
u
s
t
f
ac
to
r
an
d
co
m
p
ete
n
c
y
f
ac
to
r
.
T
h
ese
r
o
w
f
ac
to
r
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
m
er
g
ed
w
it
h
a
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
ay
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
d
ev
elo
p
th
e
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
th
e
s
e
f
ac
to
r
s
,
w
h
ich
f
in
al
l
y
s
h
ap
ed
w
it
h
C
o
v
id
-
1
9
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
.
T
h
e
cu
s
to
m
er
a
f
ter
s
u
c
h
a
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
m
a
y
tr
an
s
f
e
r
to
lo
y
alt
y
a
n
d
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
a
clo
u
d
-
b
a
s
ed
elec
tr
o
n
i
c
p
ay
m
en
t
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
tar
ted
w
it
h
th
e
tr
u
s
t
f
ac
to
r
,
w
h
ich
m
er
g
ed
with
t
h
e
co
m
p
eten
c
y
f
ac
to
r
.
Su
c
h
t
w
o
f
ac
to
r
s
m
a
y
d
ep
en
d
o
n
a
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
ay
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
as
th
e
clo
u
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
co
u
l
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
w
i
th
a
p
a
y
-
p
er
-
u
s
e
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
m
o
d
el
as
w
e
ll
as
a
h
i
g
h
le
v
el
o
f
s
ec
u
r
it
y
,
esp
e
ciall
y
w
h
e
n
u
s
i
n
g
a
tr
u
s
ted
clo
u
d
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
u
c
h
as
Am
az
o
n
o
r
Go
o
g
le.
5
.
2
.
T
he
pra
ct
ica
l sid
e
As
a
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
u
g
g
es
ts
an
ap
p
lic
atio
n
th
at
m
a
y
u
s
e
b
y
o
n
li
n
e
s
h
o
p
p
in
g
w
eb
s
i
tes to
s
tu
d
y
t
h
e
co
m
p
ete
n
c
y
a
n
d
tr
u
s
t
f
ac
to
r
,
w
h
ich
m
a
y
lead
to
lo
y
al
t
y
a
n
d
s
at
is
f
ac
ti
o
n
.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ed
b
y
t
h
i
s
s
tu
d
y
a
u
t
h
o
r
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
th
eo
r
etica
l
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
th
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
ay
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
s
6
a
n
d
7
p
r
esen
ts
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
co
d
e
u
s
in
g
in
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
ap
p
licatio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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2502
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w
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u
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.