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o
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Co
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144
J
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:
h
ttp
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ee
cs.ia
esco
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e.
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m
An
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ficien
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o
k
up t
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ticle
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y:
R
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ev
is
ed
Oct
2
8
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ep
ted
No
v
2
6
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2
0
2
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Th
e
a
p
p
ro
x
ima
te
c
o
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p
u
ti
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g
is
a
n
a
lt
e
rn
a
ti
v
e
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
wh
ich
c
a
n
lea
d
to
h
i
g
h
-
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
imp
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
u
d
io
a
n
d
ima
g
e
p
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
a
s
we
ll
a
s
d
e
e
p
lea
rn
i
n
g
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
Ho
we
v
e
r,
m
o
st
o
f
th
e
a
v
a
il
a
b
le
a
p
p
ro
x
ima
te
a
d
d
e
rs
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
d
e
sig
n
e
d
u
sin
g
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
sp
e
c
ifi
c
in
teg
ra
ted
c
ircu
it
s
(ASICs),
a
n
d
th
e
y
wo
u
ld
n
o
t
re
su
lt
in
a
n
e
fficie
n
t
imp
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
n
field
p
ro
g
ra
m
m
a
b
le
g
a
te
a
rra
y
s
(
F
P
G
As
).
In
th
is
p
a
p
e
r,
we
h
a
v
e
d
e
sig
n
e
d
a
n
e
w
a
p
p
ro
x
ima
te
a
d
d
e
r
c
u
sto
m
ize
d
fo
r
e
fficie
n
t
imp
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
n
F
P
G
As
,
a
n
d
th
e
n
it
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
u
se
d
to
b
u
il
d
th
e
G
a
u
ss
ian
fil
ter.
Th
e
e
x
p
e
rime
n
tal
re
su
lt
s
o
f
th
e
imp
lem
e
n
tati
o
n
o
f
G
a
u
ss
ian
f
il
ter
b
a
se
d
o
n
th
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
a
p
p
ro
x
ima
te
a
d
d
e
r
o
n
a
Virte
x
-
7
F
P
G
A,
in
d
ica
ted
th
a
t
th
e
re
so
u
rc
e
u
ti
li
z
a
ti
o
n
h
a
s
d
e
c
re
a
se
d
b
y
2
0
-
5
1
%
,
a
n
d
th
e
d
e
sig
n
e
d
f
il
ter
d
e
lay
b
a
se
d
o
n
th
e
m
o
d
if
ied
d
e
si
g
n
m
e
th
o
d
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
b
u
il
d
in
g
a
p
p
ro
x
ima
te
a
d
d
e
rs
fo
r
F
P
G
A
-
b
a
se
d
s
y
ste
m
s
(
M
De
M
AS)
a
d
d
e
r
h
a
s
imp
ro
v
e
d
1
0
-
3
5
%
,
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
o
b
tai
n
e
d
o
u
t
p
u
t
q
u
a
li
ty
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Ad
d
er
s
Ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
c
o
m
p
u
tin
g
FP
GA
Gau
s
s
ian
s
m
o
o
th
in
g
f
ilter
L
UT
s
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Ma
jid
Mo
h
am
m
ad
i
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
C
o
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
Ke
r
m
an
B
r
an
c
h
,
I
s
la
m
ic
Aza
d
Un
iv
er
s
ity
Ker
m
an
,
I
r
a
n
E
m
ail:
m
o
h
am
m
a
d
i@
u
k
.
ac
.
ir
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
E
x
ten
s
iv
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
s
m
all
-
s
ca
le
em
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
tem
s
to
h
ig
h
-
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
b
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
b
y
u
s
in
g
f
ield
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
a
b
le
g
ate
ar
r
ay
s
(
FP
GAs
)
.
T
h
e
ad
v
an
tag
es o
f
FP
GA
ar
e
s
h
o
r
t
tim
e
to
m
a
r
k
et,
h
ig
h
f
l
ex
ib
ilit
y
,
an
d
r
u
n
-
tim
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
ilit
y
[
1
]
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
FP
GA
s
y
s
tem
s
co
n
s
u
m
e
m
o
r
e
p
o
wer
o
r
en
er
g
y
c
o
m
p
a
r
ed
to
ap
p
licatio
n
s
p
ec
if
ic
in
te
g
r
ated
cir
cu
its
(
ASI
C
s
)
,
d
esp
it
e
th
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
h
ar
d
war
e
ac
ce
ler
ato
r
s
an
d
s
p
e
cial
co
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
s
[
2
]
.
Hen
ce
,
n
ew
FP
GA
-
b
ased
en
er
g
y
ef
f
ic
ien
cy
o
p
tim
izatio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
s
h
o
u
ld
also
b
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
an
d
em
p
lo
y
ed
in
a
d
d
itio
n
t
o
u
s
in
g
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
p
o
wer
r
ed
u
ctio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es.
On
e
o
f
th
ese
n
e
w
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
is
th
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
s
,
wh
ich
c
an
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
p
r
o
v
id
e
h
ig
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
[
3
]
.
Ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
s
d
e
al
with
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
in
ter
m
ed
iate
o
r
f
in
al
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
s
in
co
n
tr
ast
to
t
h
e
d
elay
,
ar
ea
,
an
d
p
o
w
er
o
r
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
T
h
is
ty
p
e
o
f
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
is
v
e
r
y
ad
v
an
tag
eo
u
s
in
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
wh
ich
ar
e
in
h
e
r
en
tly
r
esis
tan
t
to
f
au
lts
[
4
]
.
Ap
p
lica
tio
n
s
th
at
ar
e
r
esis
tan
t
to
f
au
lt
p
r
o
d
u
ce
ac
ce
p
tab
le
o
u
tp
u
t,
d
esp
ite
th
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
c
o
m
p
u
t
atio
n
s
.
All
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
im
ag
e
o
r
v
id
eo
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
d
ata
m
in
in
g
,
an
d
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
i
n
g
a
r
e
r
esis
tan
t
to
f
au
lt,
a
n
d
th
e
r
ef
o
r
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
t
h
em
[
5
]
.
Ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
lev
els
o
f
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
,
wh
ich
ex
ten
d
f
r
o
m
lo
g
ic
g
ates
to
co
m
p
iler
s
a
n
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
lan
g
u
ag
es
[
6
]
.
A
lo
t
o
f
s
o
f
twar
e
an
d
h
ar
d
war
e
r
esear
ch
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
ed
in
th
e
f
iel
d
o
f
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ate
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
[
7
]
-
[
12
]
.
Vo
ltag
e
o
v
er
-
s
ca
lin
g
[
13
]
,
[
14
]
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
[
15
]
a
r
e
two
m
ain
ca
teg
o
r
ies
in
h
a
r
d
war
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
A
n
efficien
t lo
o
k
u
p
ta
b
le
b
a
s
e
d
a
p
p
r
o
xima
te
a
d
d
er fo
r
field
p
r
o
g
r
a
mma
b
le
g
a
te
a
r
r
a
y
(
Ha
d
is
e
R
a
meza
n
i)
145
S
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
a
p
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
t
e
c
o
m
p
u
ta
t
i
o
n
a
l
m
et
h
o
d
s
a
r
e
d
i
v
i
d
e
d
i
n
to
t
w
o
m
a
i
n
c
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
es
: i
)
l
o
o
p
p
e
r
f
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
p
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
t
i
o
n
[
16
]
,
[
17
]
,
a
n
d
i
i
)
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
[
18
]
,
[
19
]
.
M
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
h
a
r
d
w
a
r
e
a
p
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
t
e
c
o
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
t
h
e
b
a
s
i
c
co
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
m
o
d
u
l
e
s
l
i
k
e
a
d
d
e
r
s
[
2
0
]
,
[
21
]
a
n
d
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
ie
r
s
[
22
]
,
[
23
]
.
T
h
e
f
u
ll
a
d
d
e
r
c
i
r
cu
i
t
i
s
a
b
a
s
i
c
u
n
i
t
in
d
ig
i
t
a
l
a
r
i
t
h
m
e
t
i
c
a
n
d
lo
g
i
c
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
s
[
24
]
.
Ma
n
y
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ca
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t o
n
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ate
co
m
p
u
ta
tio
n
s
.
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
m
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
esig
n
ed
an
d
im
p
lem
en
ted
as
ASI
C
.
Sin
ce
,
th
er
e
ar
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ally
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
b
etwe
en
ASI
C
an
d
FP
GA,
th
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
d
esig
n
e
d
f
o
r
ASI
C
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
d
esig
n
ed
a
n
d
im
p
lem
en
ted
d
ir
ec
tly
f
o
r
FP
GA
an
d
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
s
am
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
ASI
C
[
25
]
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
we
in
ten
d
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
s
with
r
esp
ec
t
to
FP
GA
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
,
th
at
t
h
e
ca
r
r
y
s
p
ec
u
lativ
e
a
d
d
er
(
C
SP
A)
an
d
d
esig
n
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
f
o
r
b
u
ild
in
g
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
ad
d
e
r
s
f
o
r
FP
GA
-
b
a
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
s
(
DeM
A
S
)
ad
d
er
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
in
its
d
esig
n
.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
2
we
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
e
x
is
tin
g
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
ad
d
er
s
.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
3
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
ad
d
er
will
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
.
I
n
s
ec
t
io
n
4
,
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
test
s
o
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ad
d
e
r
an
d
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
with
o
t
h
er
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
ad
d
e
r
s
will e
x
p
lo
r
ed
,
an
d
in
s
ec
tio
n
5
we
co
n
cl
u
d
e
o
u
r
p
a
p
er
.
2.
E
XI
ST
I
NG
AP
P
RO
XI
M
AT
E
ADD
E
RS
2
.
1
.
C
a
rr
y
s
pecula
t
iv
e
a
dd
er
(
CSPA
)
A
C
SP
A
i
s
in
d
icate
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
[
26
]
.
T
h
is
ad
d
e
r
is
s
im
ilar
to
th
e
ca
r
r
y
s
av
e
ad
d
e
r
(
C
SA
)
,
with
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
t
h
at
th
e
C
SP
A
in
clu
d
es
o
n
e
u
n
it
o
f
s
u
m
g
en
er
ato
r
,
two
u
n
its
o
f
in
ter
n
al
ca
r
r
y
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
(
g
en
er
atin
g
ca
r
r
ies
with
0
in
p
u
t,
an
d
g
en
er
atin
g
ca
r
r
ies
with
1
in
p
u
t)
an
d
o
n
e
u
n
it
o
f
ca
r
r
y
p
r
e
d
icto
r
in
ea
c
h
b
lo
ck
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
ca
r
r
y
p
r
ed
icto
r
o
f
1
th
b
l
o
ck
is
u
s
ed
to
ch
o
o
s
e
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
two
u
n
its
o
f
in
ter
n
al
ca
r
r
y
g
e
n
er
ato
r
o
f
(
i+
1
)
th
b
lo
ck
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
m
g
e
n
er
at
o
r
u
n
it.
I
n
t
h
e
ca
r
r
y
p
r
ed
icto
r
u
n
it,
k
<x
b
it
is
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
,
th
at
k
is
b
its
o
f
ea
c
h
b
lo
ck
an
d
x
d
e
n
o
tes b
its
th
at
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
b
lo
c
k
u
s
ed
f
o
r
p
r
ed
icti
n
g
ca
r
r
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Stru
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
C
SP
A
ad
d
er
[
26
]
2
.
2
.
DeMAS a
dd
er
P
r
a
b
a
k
a
r
a
n
e
t
a
l
.
[2
7]
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
e
s
e
i
g
h
t
l
o
o
k
u
p
t
a
b
l
e
(
L
U
T
)
-
b
a
s
e
d
a
p
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
t
e
a
d
d
e
r
s
c
a
l
l
ed
D
e
M
AS
f
o
r
t
h
e
X
i
l
i
n
x
Vi
r
t
e
x
-
7
S
e
r
ies
FP
G
A
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
a
r
c
h
i
t
e
ct
u
r
al
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
t
a
r
g
e
t
F
P
GA
d
e
v
i
c
e
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
i
r
d
es
i
g
n
.
T
h
es
e
a
d
d
e
r
s
a
r
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
(
n
o
t
e
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
a
d
d
e
r
-
6
i
s
2
b
it
s
,
a
n
d
a
ls
o
h
a
s
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
a
c
c
u
r
a
c
y
a
m
o
n
g
o
t
h
e
r
s
)
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
a
d
d
e
r
,
t
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
t
r
u
t
h
t
a
b
l
e
f
o
r
L
U
T
3
i
s
"
8
E
"
a
n
d
t
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
t
r
u
t
h
t
a
b
l
e
f
o
r
L
U
T
5
i
s
"
E
0
8
0
F
E
F
8
"
.
I
n
t
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
,
f
o
r
d
e
s
i
g
n
i
n
g
a
n
N
-
b
it
a
d
d
e
r
w
h
e
r
e
t
h
e
s
e
a
p
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
t
e
a
d
d
e
r
s
a
r
e
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
k
l
e
as
t
-
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
ca
n
t
b
it
s
(
L
SB
s
)
,
a
n
d
a
cc
u
r
a
t
e
a
d
d
e
r
s
a
r
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
(
N
-
k
)
m
o
s
t
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
b
i
ts
(
M
SB
s
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
2
5
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
2
0
2
2
:
1
44
-
1
51
146
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
L
UT
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ate
ad
d
er
s
(
a)
ad
d
er
-
1
(
b
)
a
d
d
er
-
2
(
c)
ad
d
er
-
3
(
d
)
ad
d
e
r
-
4
(
e)
ad
d
er
-
5
(
f
)
ad
d
er
-
6
(
g
)
ad
d
er
-
7
a
n
d
(
h
)
ad
d
er
-
8
[
2
7
]
3.
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
T
h
e
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ad
d
er
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
I
n
th
is
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e,
th
e
ad
d
er
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
x
-
b
it
b
lo
c
k
s
s
im
ilar
to
C
SP
A
.
A
ca
r
r
y
p
r
ed
icto
r
is
u
s
e
d
in
ea
c
h
b
lo
ck
,
b
u
t
in
s
tead
o
f
th
e
g
ates
r
elate
d
to
in
ter
n
al
ad
d
e
r
o
f
ea
ch
b
lo
ck
,
a
DeM
AS
ad
d
er
r
en
a
m
ed
to
M
DeM
AS
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
tr
u
th
tab
le
in
d
icate
s
a
p
r
ec
is
e
2
-
b
it
ad
d
er
,
DeM
AS
Ad
d
er
-
6
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ad
d
er
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
I
n
th
e
DeM
AS
co
llecto
r
,
th
e
h
ig
h
v
alu
e
b
it
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
d
ig
it,
A
1
,
is
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
as
C
o
u
t.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
v
alu
e
b
it
o
f
th
e
s
u
m
,
S
1
,
is
g
en
er
ated
b
y
a
L
UT
5
with
in
p
u
ts
A1
A0
B
1
B
0
C
0
an
d
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
alu
e
"E
0
8
0
F
E
F8
",
an
d
th
e
lo
w
v
al
u
e
b
it,
S
0
,
is
g
en
er
ated
b
y
a
L
UT
3
with
in
p
u
t A
0
B
0
C
0
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
alu
e
"8
E
"
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
ad
d
er
u
s
in
g
2
-
b
ites
b
lo
ck
s
As
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
,
in
th
e
DeM
AS
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
Ad
d
e
r
-
6
,
th
e
h
ig
h
est
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
o
f
er
r
o
r
is
2
,
t
h
e
s
u
m
o
f
m
ag
n
itu
d
es
o
f
e
r
r
o
r
s
is
2
8
a
n
d
th
e
e
r
r
o
r
av
e
r
ag
e
is
0
.
8
7
5
,
wh
ic
h
is
r
elativ
ely
h
i
g
h
.
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ad
d
er
,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
m
o
d
if
ica
tio
n
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
m
ad
e
to
DeM
AS
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
er
r
o
r
:
T
h
e
ca
r
r
y
p
r
ed
icto
r
p
r
esen
ted
in
[
26
]
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
f
o
r
g
e
n
er
atin
g
th
e
C
o
u
t.
T
h
e
i
n
p
u
ts
o
f
ca
r
r
y
p
r
e
d
icto
r
ar
e
A1
A0
B
1
B
0
,
an
d
ca
n
b
e
im
p
l
em
en
ted
with
o
n
e
L
UT
4
.
I
n
th
e
DeM
AS
m
eth
o
d
,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ca
r
r
y
is
g
en
er
ated
d
ir
ec
tly
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
o
f
A1
,
wh
er
ea
s
ju
s
t
o
n
e
ca
r
r
y
h
a
s
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
in
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
,
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
t
h
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
h
as
b
ee
n
in
cr
ea
s
ed
.
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
,
we
h
av
e
g
en
e
r
ated
a
2
-
b
it
s
u
m
u
s
in
g
o
n
e
L
UT
6
-
2
.
W
e
g
e
n
er
ate
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
s
u
m
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
g
en
e
r
ated
ca
r
r
y
b
y
th
e
ca
r
r
y
p
r
ed
ict
o
r
,
s
o
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
s
lig
h
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
v
alu
es
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
s
u
m
an
d
th
e
p
r
ec
is
e
s
u
m
.
As
i
llu
s
tr
ated
in
T
ab
le
1
,
th
e
p
r
ed
icted
o
u
t
p
u
t
ca
r
r
y
d
if
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
ec
is
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ca
r
r
y
in
f
o
u
r
s
tates.
I
n
th
e
ca
s
es
wh
er
e
th
e
p
r
ed
icted
ca
r
r
y
is
eq
u
al
t
o
th
e
ex
ac
t
o
u
tp
u
t
ca
r
r
y
,
we
m
a
k
e
th
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
s
u
m
e
q
u
al
t
o
th
e
s
u
m
,
an
d
in
n
o
n
-
eq
u
al
s
tat
es,
we
s
et
th
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
s
u
m
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ca
r
r
y
,
s
o
th
at
th
er
e
is
th
e
least d
if
f
er
en
ce
with
th
e
z
p
r
ec
is
e
s
u
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
A
n
efficien
t lo
o
k
u
p
ta
b
le
b
a
s
e
d
a
p
p
r
o
xima
te
a
d
d
er fo
r
field
p
r
o
g
r
a
mma
b
le
g
a
te
a
r
r
a
y
(
Ha
d
is
e
R
a
meza
n
i)
147
T
ab
le
1
.
T
r
u
th
tab
le
o
f
ex
ac
t,
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
DeM
AS a
n
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
MD
eM
AS a
d
d
er
A
c
c
u
r
a
t
e
A
d
d
e
r
D
e
M
A
S
A
d
e
r
-
6
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
A
d
d
e
r
(
M
D
e
M
A
S
)
A1
A0
B1
B0
C
l
n
C
o
u
t
S1
S0
C
o
u
t
S1
S0
Er
r
o
r
mag
n
i
t
u
d
e
C
o
u
t
S1
S0
Er
r
o
r
mag
n
i
t
u
d
e
0
0
0
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0
I
n
th
e
DeM
AS
m
eth
o
d
,
k
/2
o
f
DeM
AS
a
d
d
e
r
-
6
an
d
a
p
r
ec
i
s
e
(
N
-
k)
-
b
it
ad
d
er
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
.
th
ey
g
en
er
ate
th
e
N
-
b
it
ad
d
er
.
T
h
i
s
ad
d
er
is
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
m
ain
p
r
o
b
lem
with
th
is
N
-
b
it
ad
d
e
r
is
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
t
h
e
ca
r
r
y
ch
ain
b
etwe
en
b
lo
c
k
s
o
f
th
e
DeM
AS
a
d
d
er
-
6
a
n
d
in
s
id
e
th
e
p
r
ec
is
e
ad
d
er
,
wh
ich
in
cr
ea
s
es th
e
d
elay
.
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ad
d
e
r
,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
alt
er
atio
n
s
wer
e
m
ad
e
to
t
h
e
De
MA
S m
u
lti
-
b
it a
d
d
er
to
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
d
elay
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
we
h
av
e
r
ep
lace
d
th
e
DeM
AS
a
d
d
e
r
-
6
with
a
ca
r
r
y
p
r
ed
icto
r
b
lo
ck
an
d
an
MD
eM
AS
ad
d
er
,
a
n
d
r
em
o
v
e
d
th
e
ca
r
r
y
ch
ain
b
etwe
en
b
l
o
ck
s
.
Sin
ce
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MD
eM
AS
ad
d
er
an
d
p
r
ed
icto
r
ca
r
r
y
is
h
ig
h
er
th
a
n
th
e
DeM
AS
a
d
d
e
r
-
6
,
th
e
r
em
o
v
al
o
f
ca
r
r
y
ch
a
in
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
ed
u
ce
o
v
er
all
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
N
-
b
it
ad
d
er
.
I
n
th
e
N
-
b
it
DeM
AS
ad
d
er
,
a
p
r
ec
is
e
ad
d
er
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
co
m
p
u
te
th
e
h
ig
h
v
alu
e
(
N
-
k)
-
b
it
o
f
s
u
m
,
wh
ich
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
to
tal
d
elay
o
f
th
e
g
ate.
I
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ad
d
er
,
we
h
av
e
r
em
o
v
ed
th
is
p
r
ec
is
e
ad
d
er
a
n
d
in
cr
ea
s
ed
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
ca
r
r
y
an
d
th
e
MD
eM
AS
in
ter
n
al
ad
d
er
o
f
ea
ch
b
lo
ck
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
r
u
th
tab
le
o
f
e
x
ac
t,
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
DeM
AS a
n
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
MD
eM
AS a
d
d
e
r
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
AND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
4
.
1
.
E
x
perim
ent
a
l set
up
T
o
ev
alu
ate
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ad
d
er
an
d
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
a
d
d
er
s
,
w
e
h
av
e
u
s
ed
th
em
in
a
2
D
3
×
3
Gau
s
s
ian
co
n
v
o
l
u
tio
n
f
ilter
.
T
h
e
ar
c
h
itec
tu
r
e
o
f
th
is
f
ilter
is
in
d
icate
d
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
,
wh
ich
is
u
s
ed
to
b
lu
r
th
e
im
ag
es.
T
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
2
5
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
2
0
2
2
:
1
44
-
1
51
148
em
p
lo
y
ed
Gau
s
s
ian
k
er
n
el
h
a
s
th
e
m
ea
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
0
an
d
σ
=
1
.
T
h
e
C
SP
A
[
26
]
,
De
MA
S
[
27
]
a
n
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MD
eM
AS
ad
d
e
r
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
esig
n
ed
an
d
im
p
lem
en
ted
u
s
in
g
th
e
v
er
y
h
ig
h
-
sp
ee
d
in
teg
r
ated
cir
c
u
it
(
VHSI
C
)
h
ar
d
war
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
lan
g
u
ag
e
(
VHDL
)
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
an
d
in
th
e
Xilin
x
I
SE
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
Usi
n
g
ea
ch
o
f
th
ese
ad
d
er
s
,
we
h
av
e
d
esig
n
e
d
a
Gau
s
s
ian
f
ilter
b
ased
o
n
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
[
28
]
an
d
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
an
d
s
y
n
th
esized
th
em
to
ev
alu
ate
an
d
co
m
p
a
r
e
th
e
a
r
ea
an
d
d
ela
y
o
n
th
e
Vir
tex
-
7
f
am
ily
d
e
v
ice
7
VX
3
3
0
T
.
MA
T
L
AB
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
e
d
f
ilter
o
u
t
p
u
ts
.
4
.
2
.
Acc
ura
cy
r
esu
lt
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
q
u
ality
o
f
Gau
s
s
ian
f
ilter
s
in
wh
ich
d
if
f
er
en
t
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ate
a
d
d
er
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
is
s
h
o
wn
b
y
th
e
p
ea
k
s
ig
n
al
to
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
PS
NR
)
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
in
d
ex
s
im
ilar
ity
(
SS
I
M
)
cr
iter
ia
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
L
en
a
im
ag
e
with
5
1
2
×
5
1
2
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
as
th
e
f
ilter
in
p
u
t.
Ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
a
d
d
er
s
with
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
em
p
lo
y
ed
i
n
th
e
Gau
s
s
ian
f
ilter
.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
B
lo
ck
S
ize
r
e
p
r
esen
t
s
th
e
s
ize
o
f
b
lo
ck
s
in
C
SP
A
an
d
MD
eM
AS
ad
d
er
s
.
T
h
e
MD
eM
AS
a
d
d
er
is
m
ad
e
with
o
n
ly
th
e
s
ize
o
f
b
lo
ck
2
f
o
r
o
p
tim
al
u
s
e
o
f
FP
GA
Vir
tex
-
7
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
a
p
p
r
o
x
B
its
in
th
e
DeM
AS
ad
d
er
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lo
w
v
alu
e
b
its
o
f
s
u
m
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atio
n
.
I
n
th
e
f
ilter
m
ad
e
b
ased
o
n
DeM
AS,
th
e
h
ig
h
ap
p
r
o
x
B
its
th
e
lo
wer
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
q
u
ality
,
b
u
t
th
e
d
elay
will
im
p
r
o
v
e
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
f
ilter
m
ad
e
o
n
th
e
b
asis
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MD
eM
AS
ad
d
er
p
o
s
s
ess
e
s
an
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
e
q
u
iv
alen
t
t
o
th
e
f
ilter
m
ad
e
o
n
th
e
b
asis
o
f
th
e
DeM
AS w
ith
o
n
ly
2
-
b
it a
p
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Gau
s
s
ian
f
ilter
co
n
v
o
lu
tio
n
[
28
]
T
ab
le
2
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
Gau
s
s
ian
f
ilter
cir
cu
its
q
u
ality
b
ased
o
n
d
if
f
er
en
t a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ate
ad
d
er
s
G
a
u
ss
i
a
n
f
i
l
t
e
r
P
S
N
R
S
S
I
M
2
D
G
S
F
-
C
S
P
A
B
l
o
c
k
S
i
z
e
=
2
2
1
.
4
5
0
.
4
4
B
l
o
c
k
S
i
z
e
=
4
2
2
.
3
3
0
.
4
7
2
D
G
S
F
-
D
e
M
A
S
a
p
p
r
o
x
B
i
t
s
=
2
2
2
.
9
6
0
.
4
5
a
p
p
r
o
x
B
i
t
s
=
4
2
1
.
8
5
0
.
4
2
a
p
p
r
o
x
B
i
t
s
=
6
1
8
.
8
8
0
.
3
6
2
D
G
S
F
-
M
D
e
M
A
S
B
l
o
c
k
S
i
z
e
=
2
2
2
.
7
9
0
.
4
4
4
.
3
.
Dela
y
a
nd
a
re
a
re
s
ults
T
h
e
C
SP
A,
DeM
AS
ad
d
er
s
a
n
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ad
d
er
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
a
k
in
g
th
e
Gau
s
s
ian
f
ilter
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
th
e
d
esig
n
ed
f
ilter
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
y
n
th
esiz
ed
o
n
Vir
tex
-
7
f
am
ily
d
e
v
ice
7
VX3
3
0
T
.
R
esu
lts
h
av
e
b
ee
n
lis
ted
in
T
a
b
le
3
.
A
s
d
eter
m
in
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
esu
lts
,
th
e
g
ate
o
f
d
esig
n
ed
f
ilter
h
as
th
e
lo
west
ar
ea
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
MD
e
MA
S
ad
d
er
.
I
ts
d
elay
is
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
a
f
ilter
,
wh
ich
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
DeM
AS
with
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
6
b
its
with
th
e
lo
west
o
u
tp
u
t
q
u
ality
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
p
ix
els
o
f
f
i
lter
s
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
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o
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u
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ta
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p
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149
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le
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cted
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Fig
u
r
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e
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ay
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f
th
e
f
ilter
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ad
e
with
th
e
ap
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r
o
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ate
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ad
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er
w
ith
a
6
-
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it
ap
p
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o
x
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atio
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m
p
ar
ed
with
f
ilter
d
elay
s
d
esig
n
ed
with
o
u
r
p
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o
p
o
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ed
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er
is
less
.
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h
is
is
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ec
au
s
e
DeM
AS
u
s
es
6
b
its
o
f
ap
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x
im
atio
n
,
th
er
ef
o
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
an
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ap
p
r
o
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r
iate
im
ag
e
q
u
ality
.
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o
r
d
i
n
g
to
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
q
u
ali
ty
,
i
n
Ga
u
s
s
i
a
n
f
i
lte
r
d
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g
n
b
ase
d
o
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
m
et
h
o
d
,
we
c
an
s
i
m
u
lta
n
e
o
u
s
l
y
r
e
d
u
c
e
b
o
t
h
th
e
d
el
a
y
an
d
t
h
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o
u
t
p
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t
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y
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a
n
d
r
ed
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c
e
th
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t
ili
za
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io
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o
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r
eso
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r
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co
n
s
i
d
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ab
ly
as
s
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o
wn
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n
Fi
g
u
r
e
7.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
B
ar
ch
a
r
t o
f
t
h
e
d
ela
y
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
f
ilter
s
b
ased
o
n
d
if
f
er
en
t a
p
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o
x
im
ate
ad
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e
r
s
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
.
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ar
ch
a
r
t o
f
c
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
s
u
m
e
d
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
Gau
s
s
ian
f
ilter
s
u
s
in
g
d
if
f
er
en
t a
p
p
r
o
x
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ate
ad
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er
s
Pro
d
u
ct
o
f
a
r
ea
an
d
d
ela
y
is
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
at
m
u
s
t
h
av
e
a
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
,
s
in
ce
to
r
e
d
u
ce
th
e
d
ela
y
,
we
n
ee
d
m
o
r
e
ar
ea
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
f
o
r
o
p
tim
izin
g
th
ese
two
m
ea
s
u
r
es,
p
r
o
d
u
ct
o
f
th
em
m
u
s
t
b
e
m
in
im
u
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
,
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
is
s
u
p
er
io
r
to
o
th
e
r
m
eth
o
d
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
is
cr
iter
io
n
.
W
e
co
u
ld
s
im
u
l
tan
eo
u
s
ly
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ed
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ce
th
e
d
elay
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n
d
o
u
tp
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t
q
u
ality
.
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r
e
o
v
er
,
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
r
ate
o
f
u
tili
za
tio
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o
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r
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s
,
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n
s
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ly
.
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o
r
d
in
g
to
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lts
o
f
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u
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t
q
u
ality
o
f
T
ab
le
2
a
n
d
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
s
y
n
th
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o
f
T
ab
le
3
in
th
e
Gau
s
s
ian
f
ilter
d
esig
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ased
o
n
t
h
e
p
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p
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d
er
٫
we
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av
e
s
u
ch
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e
d
u
ctio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
B
ar
ch
a
r
t o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ct
o
f
d
elay
a
n
d
c
o
n
s
u
m
ed
am
o
u
n
t o
f
co
n
s
tr
u
cte
d
Gau
s
s
ian
f
ilter
s
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
f
ilter
s
u
s
in
g
d
if
f
er
en
t a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ate
ad
d
er
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
2
5
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
2
0
2
2
:
1
44
-
1
51
150
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
we
h
av
e
d
esig
n
e
d
a
n
ew
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
ad
d
e
r
to
im
p
lem
en
t
o
n
th
e
FP
GA,
th
at
th
e
C
SP
A
an
d
DeM
AS
ad
d
er
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
in
its
d
esig
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
ad
d
e
r
was
u
s
ed
to
m
ak
e
th
e
Gau
s
s
ian
f
ilter
an
d
th
en
im
p
lem
en
ted
o
n
t
h
e
FP
GA
Vir
te
x
-
7
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
d
th
at
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
tili
za
tio
n
h
as
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
b
y
2
0
-
5
1
%,
an
d
th
e
d
elay
o
f
d
e
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ig
n
ed
f
ilter
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ased
o
n
MD
e
MA
S
ad
d
er
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as
b
ee
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
b
y
1
0
-
3
5
% d
u
e
to
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
o
u
tp
u
t q
u
ality
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
A
.
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e
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a
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W
a
w
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w
h
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.
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[
3
]
S
.
M
i
t
t
a
l
,
"
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s
u
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v
e
y
o
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c
h
n
i
q
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f
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t
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,
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[
4
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.
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.
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p
a
,
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.
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r
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y
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.
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a
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n
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n
a
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s
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r
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c
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p
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x
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mat
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c
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mp
u
t
i
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g
,
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i
n
P
ro
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e
d
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s
o
f
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h
e
5
0
t
h
An
n
u
a
l
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n
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o
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[
5
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C
.
C
h
a
n
g
,
A
.
S
.
M
o
l
a
h
o
sse
i
n
i
,
A
.
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.
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n
d
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,
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n
d
T.
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.
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y
,
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e
s
i
d
u
e
N
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mb
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r
S
y
s
t
e
ms
:
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N
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w
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a
r
a
d
i
g
m
t
o
D
a
t
a
p
a
t
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O
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t
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mi
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o
n
f
o
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w
-
P
o
w
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P
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p
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c
a
t
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o
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s,"
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n
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C
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r
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u
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t
s
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y
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e
m
s
Ma
g
a
zi
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,
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.
1
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
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,
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.
[
6
]
M
.
S
h
a
f
i
q
u
e
,
R
.
H
a
f
i
z
,
S
.
R
e
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ma
n
,
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.
E
l
-
H
a
r
o
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n
i
,
a
n
d
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H
e
n
k
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l
,
"
C
r
o
ss
-
l
a
y
e
r
a
p
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
t
e
c
o
mp
u
t
i
n
g
:
F
r
o
m
l
o
g
i
c
t
o
a
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c
h
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e
c
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,
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Pro
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