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E
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rica
l En
g
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a
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Co
m
p
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t
er
Science
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
202
1
,
p
p
.
1
1
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1193
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g
et
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B
ase
Statio
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s
(
B
S)
[
1
,
2
]
.
T
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d
p
ac
k
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ti
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r
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ter
s
[3
-
6]
.
MA
NE
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ca
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ap
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if
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astru
ct
u
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i
s
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t
p
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ib
le
[
7
-
1
1
]
.
R
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s
d
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v
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to
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co
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alit
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[
1
2
]
.
T
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[
1
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p
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lack
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d
ata
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r
w
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[
2
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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J
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&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2021
:
1
1
9
3
-
1
2
0
0
1194
14
,
1
5
]
.
P
ass
iv
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an
d
ac
ti
v
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ac
k
s
ar
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t
w
o
f
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t
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co
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r
o
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o
p
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in
p
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d
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d
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o
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is
co
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lev
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8
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1
7
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An
attac
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m
a
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d
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r
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n
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b
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1
8
,
1
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.
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p
e
o
f
attac
k
w
h
er
ein
m
alicio
u
s
n
o
d
e
u
s
e
id
en
tit
y
b
elo
n
g
in
g
to
o
th
er
n
o
d
es
to
in
itiate
attac
k
s
[
2
0
-
22
].
T
h
er
e
ar
e
d
i
ff
e
re
n
t
s
e
c
u
r
it
y
m
e
ch
a
n
i
s
m
s
t
o
a
d
d
r
es
s
t
h
e
m
al
ic
i
o
u
s
o
r
a
d
v
er
sa
ri
a
l n
o
d
es
[
2
3
]:
a)
P
r
ev
en
tiv
e
Me
ch
a
n
i
s
m
T
h
is
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
w
o
r
k
s
as
a
d
ef
e
n
s
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
b
y
ap
p
l
y
in
g
e
n
cr
y
p
tio
n
an
d
au
th
e
n
tica
tio
n
s
c
h
e
m
es.
I
n
t
h
e
s
e
s
ch
e
m
e
s
,
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
k
e
y
a
n
d
as
y
m
m
etr
ic
k
e
y
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
y
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
b)
R
ea
cti
v
e
Me
ch
a
n
is
m
M
is
u
s
e
an
d
an
o
m
a
lies
ar
e
d
etec
ted
in
th
is
m
ec
h
an
is
m
.
I
n
t
h
e
an
o
m
al
y
d
etec
tio
n
ca
s
e,
s
tati
s
ticall
y
,
t
h
e
n
o
r
m
al
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
n
o
d
es
i
s
ca
lc
u
lated
b
y
co
l
lectin
g
u
s
e
f
u
l
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
g
e
n
u
in
e
n
o
d
es'
b
eh
a
v
io
r
.
T
h
en
,
n
o
d
es'
an
o
m
alo
u
s
b
eh
av
io
r
s
ar
e
d
etec
ted
b
y
an
al
y
zi
n
g
th
e
ca
lcu
lated
s
tati
s
tical
tes
ts
.
1)
B
lack
h
o
le
B
lack
h
o
le
i
s
a
n
ad
v
er
s
ar
y
n
o
d
e
th
at
i
s
b
lin
d
l
y
r
ep
l
y
i
n
g
to
r
o
u
te
r
eq
u
est
(
R
R
E
Q)
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
s
r
ec
eiv
ed
f
r
o
m
n
eig
h
b
o
r
in
g
n
o
d
es.
T
h
is
attac
k
er
clai
m
s
it
h
as
a
v
alid
an
d
f
r
es
h
p
ath
to
t
h
e
tar
g
et.
T
h
en
i
t
tak
e
s
in
ea
c
h
an
d
ev
er
y
d
ata
p
ac
k
et
d
ir
ec
te
d
to
th
at
tar
g
et
n
o
d
e.
I
t
is
h
ar
d
to
d
etec
t
b
lack
h
o
le
n
o
d
es
th
at
u
s
e
a
b
etter
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
esp
ec
iall
y
if
th
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
'
s
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
n
u
m
b
er
is
clo
s
e
to
t
h
e
o
n
e
u
til
ized
b
y
t
h
e
attac
k
er
[
3
,
1
5
,
2
4
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
h
o
w
b
lack
h
o
l
e
attac
k
ca
n
d
is
r
u
p
t t
h
e
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
M
A
NE
T
.
T
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
S
in
te
n
d
s
to
s
e
n
d
d
ata
p
ac
k
et
s
t
o
th
e
tar
g
et
D
;
h
en
ce
,
i
t
h
a
s
t
o
d
is
co
v
er
a
r
o
u
te
to
D
.
U
n
d
er
th
e
A
OD
V
[
2
5
]
p
r
o
to
co
l
w
h
ic
h
is
p
r
ese
n
ted
later
in
3
.
1
.
1
,
S
f
lo
o
d
s
a
R
R
E
Q
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ac
k
et
to
th
e
ad
h
o
c
n
et
w
o
r
k
ai
m
i
n
g
to
estab
lis
h
a
r
o
u
te
to
n
o
d
e
D
.
I
n
th
e
n
o
r
m
al
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
AOD
V,
b
en
ig
n
a
n
d
v
icio
u
s
n
o
d
es
r
ec
eiv
e
t
h
e
r
eq
u
est
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
e
atta
c
k
er
(
B
)
r
e
p
lies
w
it
h
f
a
k
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
u
ch
t
h
at
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
r
ec
e
iv
es
a
r
ep
l
y
w
h
o
s
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
is
h
i
g
h
.
A
l
s
o
,
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
an
d
th
e
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
es
(
e.
g
.
2
an
d
4
)
th
at
h
av
e
v
alid
r
o
u
tes
r
etu
r
n
r
o
u
te
r
ep
l
y
(
R
R
E
P
)
p
ac
k
ets
to
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
S
w
it
h
t
h
eir
ac
t
u
al
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
n
u
m
b
er
s
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
u
s
u
all
y
lo
w
er
t
h
an
t
h
e
b
lack
h
o
le
n
o
d
e'
s
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
n
u
m
b
er
.
T
h
u
s
,
S
p
ick
s
B's
r
o
u
te
r
ep
ly
t
o
b
u
ild
a
r
o
u
te
to
D
.
Af
ter
i
t
co
n
tr
o
ls
t
h
e
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
B
d
is
ca
r
d
s
e
v
er
y
d
ata
p
ac
k
et
f
r
o
m
b
ein
g
f
o
r
w
ar
d
e
d
to
n
o
d
e
D
[
4
]
.
I
n
ca
s
e
th
er
e
is
n
o
s
ec
u
r
it
y
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e,
n
o
d
e
S
ca
n
n
o
t d
eter
m
i
n
e
w
h
et
h
er
th
e
d
ata
p
ac
k
ets ar
e
d
eliv
er
ed
to
D
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
lack
h
o
le
a
ttack
d
u
r
in
g
r
o
u
te
r
eq
u
e
s
t
f
lo
o
d
in
g
[
4
]
.
2)
B
asic r
o
u
te
d
is
co
v
er
y
Un
d
er
r
ea
ctiv
e
r
o
u
t
in
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
lik
e
AODV
,
a
r
o
u
te
to
a
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
D
is
d
is
co
v
er
ed
w
h
en
a
s
o
u
r
ce
S
atte
m
p
ts
to
f
o
r
w
ar
d
p
ac
k
et
s
to
D
.
S
d
is
p
atch
es
an
an
n
o
u
n
c
e
m
en
t r
eq
u
es
tin
g
al
l it
s
n
eig
h
b
o
r
n
o
d
es f
o
r
a
p
ath
o
v
er
w
h
ic
h
p
ac
k
ets
tr
av
el
s
to
D
.
W
h
e
n
t
h
e
y
r
ec
eiv
e
th
e
r
eq
u
est,
i
n
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
es
r
ep
l
y
to
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
i
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
A
n
en
d
t
o
en
d
ke
y
esta
b
lis
h
men
t sch
eme
fo
r
d
etec
tin
g
b
la
ck
h
o
le
a
tta
ck
s
… (
B
a
b
a
n
A
h
med
Ma
h
mo
o
d
)
1195
ca
s
e
th
e
y
h
a
v
e
cr
ed
ib
le
p
ath
s
to
th
e
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
.
I
f
t
h
e
y
d
o
n
't,
th
e
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
es
r
eb
r
o
ad
ca
s
t
th
e
r
eq
u
est
to
all
th
eir
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
in
g
n
o
d
es.
T
h
is
r
eb
r
o
ad
ca
s
tin
g
s
to
p
s
i
f
S
lo
ca
tes
a
leg
i
ti
m
ate
r
o
u
te
t
o
th
e
D
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
cr
iter
ia
to
p
ick
a
r
ep
ly
a
m
o
n
g
s
e
v
er
al
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
is
to
s
ea
r
c
h
f
o
r
th
e
h
i
g
h
est
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
n
u
m
b
er
.
3)
P
ap
er
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
an
d
m
o
ti
v
atio
n
So
m
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
to
co
ls
ar
e
p
r
o
n
e
to
b
lack
h
o
le
attac
k
s
tar
g
etin
g
th
e
r
o
u
te
estab
lis
h
m
e
n
t
p
h
ase.
A
n
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
t
h
ese
t
h
ese
at
tac
k
s
i
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
an
d
a
s
ec
u
r
e
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
r
o
u
tin
g
i
n
M
ANE
T
th
at
b
asicall
y
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
en
d
to
e
n
d
k
e
y
es
tab
lis
h
m
e
n
t
s
c
h
e
m
e
i
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
.
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
e
th
o
d
,
m
alicio
u
s
n
o
d
es
ar
e
p
r
ev
en
ted
f
r
o
m
d
is
r
u
p
tin
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
r
o
u
te
e
s
tab
lis
h
m
en
t.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
p
r
ima
r
y
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
is
fir
s
t,
d
esig
n
in
g
a
s
ec
u
r
e
meth
o
d
th
a
t
d
etec
ts
b
la
ck
h
o
le
a
tta
ck
s
.
S
ec
o
n
d
,
d
etec
tin
g
th
e
a
tta
ck
s
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
to
co
ls
th
a
t
a
r
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
liter
a
tu
r
e
w
h
ich
a
r
e
p
r
o
n
e
to
th
is
typ
e
o
f
a
tta
ck
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
i
ze
d
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
I
n
Sectio
n
2
,
w
e
e
x
a
m
in
e
s
o
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
ec
en
t
p
r
o
to
co
ls
th
at
cla
i
m
to
r
ev
ea
l
b
lack
h
o
l
e
attac
k
s
.
I
n
Sectio
n
3
,
t
h
e
d
et
ails
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
to
co
l
d
esig
n
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
.
Sectio
n
4
p
r
ese
n
ts
a
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
.
I
n
Sect
io
n
5
,
t
h
e
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
s
o
f
s
o
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
to
co
ls
p
r
esen
ted
in
Sectio
n
2
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
as
w
ell
as
th
e
w
a
y
th
e
s
e
attac
k
s
ar
e
d
etec
ted
an
d
p
r
ev
en
ted
b
y
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
to
co
l
is
ex
p
lain
e
d
.
I
n
Sectio
n
6
,
a
co
n
clu
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
is
p
r
esen
ted
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
A
co
n
c
is
e
ex
p
la
n
atio
n
o
f
th
e
b
asic
id
ea
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
r
ec
e
n
tl
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
lack
h
o
le
attac
k
d
etec
tio
n
s
ch
e
m
es
i
s
p
r
esen
te
d
h
er
e.
T
h
ese
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
w
o
r
k
o
n
o
n
-
d
e
m
a
n
d
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
th
at
ar
e
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
n
n
et
wo
r
k
to
p
o
lo
g
y
to
estab
li
s
h
r
o
u
tes.
Yasee
n
a
a
n
d
A
l
d
w
air
ia
i
n
[
2
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
en
h
a
n
ce
d
A
ODV
to
av
o
id
b
la
ck
h
o
le
n
o
d
es
in
M
A
NE
T
.
T
h
e
y
u
s
ed
a
r
ep
u
tatio
n
tab
le
to
b
lo
ck
a
b
lack
h
o
le
o
r
a
m
is
b
e
h
av
in
g
n
o
d
e
f
r
o
m
d
i
s
r
u
p
ti
n
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h
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p
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l
w
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k
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in
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tatio
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ca
lcu
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v
al
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s
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an
d
p
ick
in
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est
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o
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te.
Ob
s
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r
v
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s
,
r
ep
u
ta
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e
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,
ar
e
co
llected
b
y
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a
k
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o
f
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ODV
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w
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tch
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'
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ap
p
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h
es.
T
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ese
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s
er
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o
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h
b
o
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s
th
a
t
ar
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e
in
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id
u
all
y
.
L
ater
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th
e
r
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u
tat
io
n
v
al
u
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ar
e
b
r
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s
t
to
th
e
en
t
ir
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
Kalk
h
a
et
al.
i
n
[
1
5
]
p
r
esen
ted
a
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
th
at
m
a
k
es
u
s
e
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lack
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o
le
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r
ev
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e
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ti
f
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v
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s
ar
ial
n
o
d
es
u
s
in
g
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d
en
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r
co
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d
el.
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h
eir
m
e
th
o
d
w
o
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k
s
in
t
w
o
m
o
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u
les
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a
m
el
y
,
d
etec
tio
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d
d
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o
n
-
m
ak
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n
th
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d
etec
tio
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m
o
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le,
a
n
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al
y
s
is
is
d
o
n
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f
o
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th
e
s
h
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test
r
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tes
f
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n
d
b
et
w
ee
n
s
o
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ce
an
d
d
esti
n
a
ti
o
n
p
air
.
T
h
is
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al
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s
is
is
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s
in
g
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en
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el
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ch
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a
t
th
e
m
o
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t
p
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s
ib
le
attac
k
er
is
f
o
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n
d
.
I
n
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
m
o
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u
le,
t
h
e
s
h
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test
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e
eli
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i
n
ated
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
o
u
ti
n
g
ta
b
les.
Sin
g
h
an
d
S
h
ar
m
a
i
n
[
1
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
th
a
t
d
ep
en
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t
h
e
p
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u
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m
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th
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n
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,
n
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d
es
ar
e
allo
w
ed
to
r
ea
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an
d
in
ter
ce
p
t
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W
h
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a
s
o
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r
ce
n
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e
S
in
ten
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s
to
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o
r
w
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ata
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ets
to
a
tar
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e
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b
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ts
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r
eq
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te
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te
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r
o
m
t
h
e
r
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te
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ep
lies
(
R
R
E
P
)
it
r
ec
eiv
e
s
as
a
r
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n
s
e
to
t
h
e
r
eq
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est.
W
h
en
t
h
e
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R
E
P
is
o
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ig
i
n
at
ed
f
r
o
m
a
tr
an
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in
ter
m
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o
d
e
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p
r
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ed
in
g
n
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e
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f
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a
n
g
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its
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m
is
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f
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t
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te
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s
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r
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m
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ar
m
.
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h
er
w
is
e,
t
h
is
in
ter
m
ed
iate,
N
,
n
o
d
e
i
s
co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
an
ad
v
er
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ar
y
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n
d
a
n
a
la
r
m
i
s
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t
to
t
h
e
n
et
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k
b
y
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h
e
p
r
ec
ed
in
g
n
o
d
e
P
w
ar
n
in
g
t
h
e
m
ab
o
u
t th
is
m
al
icio
u
s
n
o
d
e.
A
r
at
h
y
an
d
S
m
i
n
e
s
h
in
[
2
6
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
alg
o
r
it
h
m
w
h
ich
d
etec
ts
m
u
l
tip
le
b
lack
h
o
le
attac
k
(
D
-
MB
H)
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
m
u
lt
ip
le
attac
k
s
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u
s
i
n
g
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x
tr
a
r
o
u
te
r
eq
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est,
t
h
i
s
al
g
o
r
ith
m
p
r
e
v
en
t
s
s
i
n
g
le
b
lac
k
h
o
le
attac
k
f
r
o
m
d
is
r
u
p
tin
g
r
o
u
ti
n
g
cr
ea
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
W
ith
o
u
t
t
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
ad
d
r
ess
,
t
h
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
co
m
p
u
tes
a
th
r
es
h
o
ld
av
er
a
g
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
(
A
DSN)
,
m
ain
tai
n
s
a
li
s
t
t
h
at
co
n
tai
n
s
b
lack
h
o
le
n
o
d
es
t
h
at
co
llab
o
r
ativ
el
y
e
s
tab
lis
h
a
n
o
n
-
v
alid
r
o
u
te.
I
t
i
s
w
o
r
th
m
en
t
io
n
in
g
t
h
at
th
is
p
r
o
to
co
l
u
s
es
ex
tr
a
R
R
E
Q
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ac
k
et
an
d
m
ai
n
tai
n
s
ad
d
itio
n
al
tab
le
s
o
f
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
b
l
ac
k
h
o
le
n
o
d
es.
T
h
is
ex
tr
a
c
o
n
tr
o
l
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
b
v
io
u
s
l
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
o
v
er
h
ea
d
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ti
m
e.
A
ls
o
,
it
li
m
it
s
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
a
s
d
ep
icted
in
T
a
b
le
1
.
J
ain
et
al.
i
n
[
2
7
]
p
r
esen
ted
a
f
u
zz
y
-
b
a
s
ed
tr
u
s
t
to
en
h
an
ce
s
ec
u
r
it
y
i
n
M
A
NE
T
s
to
p
r
e
v
en
t
b
lac
k
h
o
le
attac
k
s
.
A
r
elatio
n
al
f
u
zz
y
b
in
ar
y
w
ei
g
h
ted
m
o
d
el
is
u
s
ed
to
m
iti
g
at
e
th
e
d
is
tr
ac
tio
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s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
ad
v
er
s
ar
ial
n
o
d
es
ag
ai
n
s
t
AO
DV
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l.
T
h
e
tr
u
s
t
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
a
d
ir
ec
t
w
a
y
o
n
f
u
zz
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es to
id
en
ti
f
y
m
alicio
u
s
n
o
d
es.
Sh
ar
m
a
et
al.
i
n
[
3
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
m
et
h
o
d
th
at
u
s
es
t
w
o
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
b
lack
h
o
le
attac
k
b
lo
ck
ag
e.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
o
l
u
tio
n
i
s
to
d
is
co
v
er
m
u
ltip
le
r
o
u
tes
(
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
t
w
o
r
o
u
tes)
b
y
f
lo
o
d
in
g
r
o
u
te
r
eq
u
ests
to
r
ea
ch
th
e
d
esti
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n
.
T
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s
o
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S
t
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d
s
d
if
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D
.
E
ac
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m
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s
s
a
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a
s
its
o
w
n
id
en
tifi
er
(
I
D)
an
d
s
eq
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en
ce
n
u
m
b
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.
A
n
y
in
ter
m
ed
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n
o
d
e,
b
o
th
b
en
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an
d
m
alicio
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s
,
m
a
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k
n
o
w
led
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e
o
r
r
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y
to
th
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p
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n
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p
ac
k
et
w
h
en
t
h
e
y
h
av
e
a
p
at
h
to
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4752
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2021
:
1
1
9
3
-
1
2
0
0
1196
d
esti
n
atio
n
.
Dif
f
er
e
n
t
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
m
e
n
t
s
ar
e
co
llected
b
y
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
w
h
ic
h
it
th
e
n
u
s
es
t
h
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m
to
d
if
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e
n
tiate
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et
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n
m
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s
n
o
d
es
an
d
h
o
n
es
t
n
o
d
es.
I
t
is
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x
p
lain
ed
i
n
Sectio
n
5
h
o
w
t
h
i
s
s
o
l
u
tio
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h
as
d
r
a
w
b
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m
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s
e
M
ANE
T
s
co
m
e
w
it
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d
if
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t
s
ce
n
ar
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s
.
T
h
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d
s
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lu
tio
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m
ak
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s
a
d
v
an
ta
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f
p
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k
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s
eq
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en
ce
n
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m
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w
h
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h
w
as
i
n
clu
d
ed
in
t
h
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p
ac
k
et
h
ea
d
er
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
w
o
e
x
tr
a
tab
les
in
e
ac
h
n
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d
e.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
tab
le
co
n
tain
s
th
e
la
s
t
p
ac
k
et
's
s
eq
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en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
t
h
at
w
as
s
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t
to
ea
ch
n
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d
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w
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ile
t
h
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th
e
r
tab
le
co
n
tain
s
t
h
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s
eq
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en
ce
n
u
m
b
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w
h
ic
h
w
as
s
en
t
f
r
o
m
o
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n
o
d
es.
Des
tin
atio
n
o
r
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
es
u
s
e
th
e
s
e
t
w
o
tab
les
w
h
e
n
t
h
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y
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y
to
r
o
u
te
r
eq
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est
s
.
T
h
e
y
m
u
s
t
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m
b
ed
th
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p
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k
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's
s
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n
u
m
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b
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th
e
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n
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d
es.
T
h
e
s
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u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
th
en
co
m
p
ar
es
th
i
s
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m
b
ed
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ed
s
eq
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u
m
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w
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th
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h
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o
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d
tab
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m
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a
n
d
i
f
a
m
atc
h
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u
n
d
,
t
h
e
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ep
lier
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
b
en
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n
;
o
t
h
er
w
is
e
t
h
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r
e
p
lier
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co
n
s
id
er
ed
ad
v
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s
ar
y
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o
d
e
an
d
a
w
ar
n
i
n
g
m
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s
ag
e
i
s
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t to
th
e
en
tire
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
J
u
n
h
a
i
L
u
o
et
al.
i
n
.
[
1
4
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
au
th
e
n
ticatio
n
m
e
ch
an
i
s
m
w
h
er
ei
n
b
lack
h
o
le
attac
k
s
ar
e
p
r
ev
en
ted
.
T
h
e
au
th
e
n
ticatio
n
is
b
ased
o
n
m
es
s
ag
e
a
u
t
h
en
t
icatio
n
co
d
e,
p
s
eu
d
o
r
an
d
o
m
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
an
d
h
a
s
h
f
u
n
ctio
n
th
at
ar
e
ap
p
lied
o
n
A
ODV.
W
h
e
n
t
h
e
s
en
d
er
,
s
o
u
r
ce
,
r
ec
eiv
es
t
h
e
r
o
u
te
r
ep
ly
,
it
ap
p
lies
t
h
e
au
th
e
n
tica
tio
n
s
c
h
e
m
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
m
a
k
e
a
p
r
o
p
er
d
ec
is
io
n
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
i
n
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
es'
r
o
le
i
s
o
n
l
y
f
o
r
w
ar
d
i
n
g
d
ata
p
ac
k
et
s
,
i
n
o
t
h
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
n
o
v
er
i
f
icatio
n
i
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
es.
T
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
f
o
u
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
tep
s
to
au
th
e
n
ticate
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ac
k
et
in
cl
u
d
in
g
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
cr
y
p
to
s
y
s
te
m
,
f
i
n
d
in
g
d
ec
r
y
p
ted
m
es
s
ag
e,
c
alcu
lati
n
g
m
es
s
ag
e
au
t
h
e
n
tica
tio
n
co
d
e
(
M
A
C
)
,
a
n
d
ca
lc
u
l
atin
g
a
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
ti
m
e
s
ta
m
p
(
T
S).
I
f
all
th
ese
v
er
if
ica
tio
n
s
ar
e
ac
h
iev
ed
s
u
c
ce
s
s
f
u
l
l
y
,
t
h
e
r
o
u
te
is
v
alid
an
d
th
e
s
en
d
er
b
eg
in
s
to
f
o
r
w
ar
d
p
ac
k
ets;
o
th
er
w
i
s
e,
th
e
s
en
d
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
an
o
t
h
er
r
o
u
te
d
is
co
v
er
y
an
d
w
ar
n
s
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
ab
o
u
t
th
e
m
ale
v
o
len
t
n
o
d
e
in
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
DE
SI
G
N
T
h
e
m
ai
n
id
ea
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
m
et
h
o
d
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
is
Sectio
n
u
n
d
er
w
h
ich
,
a
s
ec
u
r
e
r
o
u
te
is
d
is
co
v
er
ed
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
a
s
o
u
r
ce
to
a
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e.
Als
o
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
to
co
l
d
etec
ts
b
lack
h
o
le
attac
k
s
o
n
v
ar
io
u
s
M
A
NE
T
's
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
t
o
co
ls
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
an
y
r
ea
ctiv
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
b
ased
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
(
e.
g
.
,
A
O
DV)
t
h
at
e
s
ta
b
lis
h
es
r
o
u
te
s
p
r
io
r
to
f
o
r
w
ar
d
in
g
d
ata
p
a
ck
ets.
I
n
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
,
w
e
u
s
e
t
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
s
o
f
A
O
D
V
to
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
f
lo
w
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
t
o
co
l.
I
n
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
s
,
an
ex
p
lai
n
atio
n
o
f
th
e
ab
o
v
e
m
en
tio
n
ed
p
o
in
ts
i
s
g
i
v
e
n
.
3
.
1
.
B
a
s
ic
idea
o
f
t
he
pro
t
o
co
l
R
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
in
M
A
NE
T
ar
e
p
r
o
n
e
to
s
ev
er
al
attac
k
s
li
k
e
b
lack
h
o
le
attac
k
s
,
b
lack
m
ail
attac
k
s
,
h
id
d
en
c
h
an
n
el
attac
k
s
,
etc.
[
2
8
-
30
]
.
T
h
e
m
a
in
f
o
cu
s
h
er
e
is
to
p
r
o
h
ib
it
t
h
e
b
lack
h
o
le
attac
k
s
.
I
n
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
,
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ex
p
lan
a
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
is
g
iv
e
n
.
3
.
1
.
1
.
E
nd
t
o
end
k
ey
esta
bli
s
h
m
e
n
t
Fo
llo
w
i
n
g
th
e
r
o
u
te
d
is
co
v
er
y
p
h
ase
as
ex
p
lai
n
ed
in
Secti
o
n
1
.
2
.
,
o
n
ce
a
r
o
u
te
r
ep
ly
ar
r
iv
es
at
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e,
a
r
o
u
te
to
th
e
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
is
es
tab
lis
h
ed
.
T
o
v
er
if
y
t
h
e
v
alid
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
r
o
u
te
b
u
ilt,
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
S
s
en
d
s
a
k
e
y
estab
li
s
h
m
e
n
t
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ac
k
et
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
e
s
ta
b
lis
h
ed
r
o
u
te
to
t
h
e
d
esti
n
ati
o
n
D
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ac
k
et
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
a
No
n
ce
(
N1
)
c
o
n
ca
ten
ated
w
it
h
a
R
an
d
o
m
Secr
et
Ke
y
(
R
S
K
s
)
g
en
er
ated
b
y
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e.
T
h
e
p
ac
k
et
is
th
e
n
en
cr
y
p
te
d
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
u
b
lic
k
e
y
(
P
K
d
)
o
f
th
e
d
est
in
at
io
n
n
o
d
e
an
d
s
en
t
to
th
e
d
es
tin
at
i
o
n
n
o
d
e.
W
e
ass
u
m
e
th
at
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
k
n
o
w
th
e
p
u
b
lic
k
e
y
o
f
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
W
h
en
D
r
ec
ei
v
es
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ac
k
et,
it
d
ec
r
y
p
ts
th
e
p
ac
k
et
u
s
in
g
it
s
p
r
iv
ate
k
e
y
an
d
g
ets
b
o
th
th
e
N1
an
d
t
h
e
R
S
K
s
.
T
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
g
en
er
ate
s
a
R
a
n
d
o
m
Secr
et
Ke
y
(
R
S
K
d
)
a
n
d
ca
lc
u
lates
th
e
s
h
ar
ed
k
e
y
(
K
s
d
)
.
Ksd
is
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
XO
R
i
n
g
th
e
t
w
o
r
an
d
o
m
s
ec
r
et
k
e
y
s
R
S
K
s
an
d
R
S
K
d
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Af
ter
f
i
n
d
in
g
t
h
e
s
h
ar
ed
s
ec
r
et
k
e
y
,
D
s
e
n
d
s
a
c
o
n
tr
o
l
r
ep
ly
p
ac
k
e
t
to
S
.
T
h
e
r
ep
ly
p
ac
k
et
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
b
o
th
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
No
n
ce
N1
an
d
D'
s
R
an
d
o
m
Secr
et
K
e
y
R
S
K
d
.
T
h
is
p
ac
k
et
is
en
cr
y
p
ted
u
s
in
g
th
e
R
a
n
d
o
m
Secr
et
Key
o
f
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
R
S
K
s
.
W
h
en
th
e
r
ep
l
y
i
s
r
ec
eiv
ed
f
r
o
m
D
b
y
S
,
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
ch
ec
k
s
t
h
e
No
n
ce
an
d
g
ets
D'
s
R
a
n
d
o
m
Secr
et
Ke
y
R
S
K
d
w
h
ic
h
it
u
s
e
s
to
ca
lcu
la
te
t
h
e
s
h
ar
ed
k
e
y
K
s
d
.
T
o
g
u
ar
an
tee
t
h
at
S
an
d
D
n
o
w
h
a
v
e
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
s
h
ar
ed
s
ec
r
et
k
e
y
,
S
s
e
n
d
s
a
p
r
o
b
e
p
ac
k
et
to
D
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
e
p
a
ck
et
is
a
n
e
w
No
n
ce
N2
w
h
ic
h
is
en
cr
y
p
ted
u
s
i
n
g
Ksd
.
O
n
ce
D
r
ec
ei
v
es
th
a
t p
r
o
b
e
p
ac
k
et,
it d
ec
r
y
p
ts
t
h
e
p
ac
k
et,
o
b
tain
s
N2
,
ap
p
en
d
its
R
S
K
d
,
en
cr
y
p
ts
it a
g
ain
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
h
ar
ed
k
e
y
,
a
n
d
s
e
n
d
s
th
e
n
e
w
l
y
e
n
cr
y
p
ted
p
ac
k
e
t
to
S
w
h
ic
h
i
n
t
u
r
n
v
er
i
f
ie
s
t
h
at
it
is
f
r
o
m
D
a
n
d
N2
an
d
R
S
K
d
ar
e
co
r
r
ec
t.
A
f
t
er
th
at
b
o
th
S
an
d
D
de
lete
t
h
e
ir
R
an
d
o
m
Secr
et
Ke
y
s
.
T
h
en
S
s
tar
ts
f
o
r
w
ar
d
in
g
d
ata
p
ac
k
ets
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
esta
b
lis
h
ed
r
o
u
te.
P
r
o
p
e
r
d
escr
ip
t
io
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
to
co
l
f
o
r
r
o
u
te
v
alid
atio
n
an
d
d
ata
f
o
r
w
ar
d
in
g
is
g
i
v
en
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esia
n
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4752
A
n
en
d
t
o
en
d
ke
y
esta
b
lis
h
men
t sch
eme
fo
r
d
etec
tin
g
b
la
ck
h
o
le
a
tta
ck
s
… (
B
a
b
a
n
A
h
med
Ma
h
mo
o
d
)
1197
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
E
n
d
to
e
n
d
k
e
y
e
s
tab
lis
h
m
e
n
t
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Data
f
o
r
w
ar
d
i
n
g
a
n
d
r
o
u
te
v
alid
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
4.
ANALY
SI
S
I
n
th
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
,
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
e
x
a
m
i
n
e
of
h
o
w
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
p
r
o
h
ib
its
th
e
b
lack
h
o
le
at
tack
s
t
h
at
ex
is
t
i
n
s
o
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
m
en
t
io
n
ed
in
Sectio
n
2
is
p
r
esen
ted
.
So
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
is
s
u
e
s
tak
e
n
in
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
i
n
d
esi
g
n
in
g
t
h
ese
p
r
o
to
co
ls
ar
e:
s
ec
u
r
i
t
y
,
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
,
r
ed
u
c
in
g
co
n
tr
o
l
o
v
er
h
ea
d
,
lo
ad
b
alan
cin
g
,
f
a
u
lt
-
to
ler
a
n
ce
,
r
o
b
u
s
t
n
ess
,
a
n
d
s
h
r
in
k
i
n
g
co
m
p
lex
it
y
.
C
o
u
n
ti
n
g
o
n
h
o
w
w
ell
th
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
p
r
o
to
co
ls
tr
ea
t th
ese
is
s
u
e
s
,
we
r
ate
th
e
p
r
o
to
co
ls
as
Lo
w
,
M
ed
iu
m
,
an
d
Hig
h
co
n
ce
r
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
f
ac
to
r
s
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
1
.
Nex
t,
h
o
w
b
lack
h
o
le
a
ttack
s
ar
e
d
etec
ted
b
y
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
is
p
r
ese
n
ted
th
en
a
n
e
x
p
lan
atio
n
an
d
d
ete
ctio
n
o
f
s
o
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
attac
k
s
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
to
co
ls
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
ar
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
.
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
to
co
l
s
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
l
i
ter
atu
r
e
w
ith
r
esp
ec
t to
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
e
atu
r
es
P
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
S
c
a
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
O
v
e
r
h
e
a
d
S
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
M
e
c
h
a
n
i
sm
R
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
[
3
]
M
e
d
i
u
m
H
i
g
h
H
i
g
h
M
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
R
o
u
t
e
s
R
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
[
1
]
H
i
g
h
M
e
d
i
u
m
L
o
w
P
r
o
mi
scu
o
u
s
M
o
d
e
R
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f
e
r
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n
c
e
[
2
6
]
M
e
d
i
u
m
H
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h
M
e
d
i
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m
T
h
r
e
sh
o
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q
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e
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c
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mb
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r
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[
2
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H
i
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d
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d
i
u
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W
a
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c
h
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[
1
4
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M
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A
u
t
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i
c
a
t
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R
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c
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[
1
5
]
M
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d
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g
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M
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d
i
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M
a
r
k
o
v
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e
l
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
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2
5
0
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-
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n
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n
esia
n
J
E
lec
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n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
21
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2021
:
1
1
9
3
-
1
2
0
0
1198
4
.
1
.
B
la
ck
ho
le
det
ec
t
io
n by
t
he
pro
po
s
ed
pro
t
o
co
l
T
h
is
Sectio
n
s
h
o
w
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
to
co
l
ca
n
d
etec
t
an
y
p
o
s
s
ib
le
b
lac
k
h
o
le
attac
k
d
escr
ib
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
r
elate
d
to
r
o
u
te
b
r
ea
k
ag
e
o
r
attac
k
.
T
h
e
h
a
n
d
s
h
a
k
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
p
r
ese
n
t
ed
in
Sectio
n
3
.
1
.
1
h
elp
s
in
d
etec
ti
n
g
a
b
lack
h
o
l
e
attac
k
if
th
er
e
is
a
n
y
.
A
s
m
en
tio
n
ed
in
Sect
io
n
3
.
1
.
1
,
th
e
k
e
y
estab
li
s
h
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
s
tar
ts
a
f
ter
r
ec
eiv
in
g
a
r
o
u
te
r
ep
l
y
w
h
ic
h
co
u
ld
b
e
f
r
o
m
a
n
i
n
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
e
I
N
.
T
h
is
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
e
co
u
ld
b
e
eith
er
a
b
en
ig
n
n
o
d
e
o
r
a
m
al
icio
u
s
n
o
d
e.
T
h
e
Ma
licio
u
s
n
o
d
e
h
as
n
o
f
r
es
h
r
o
u
te
to
th
e
tar
g
et,
b
u
t
it
clai
m
s
it
h
a
s
o
n
e.
T
o
d
etec
t
th
e
cr
ed
ib
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
is
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
e,
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
S
lau
n
ch
e
s
t
h
e
k
e
y
estab
lis
h
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
v
ia
t
h
e
r
o
u
te
th
at
w
a
s
b
u
ilt
af
ter
th
e
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
e
h
ad
r
ep
lied
.
I
f
S
r
ec
eiv
es
a
r
esp
o
n
s
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
,
it
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
I
N
i
s
b
en
i
g
n
.
I
f
n
o
t,
t
h
en
I
N
is
a
b
lack
h
o
l
e
an
d
S
i
n
s
er
ts
th
i
s
n
o
d
e
in
to
its
b
lack
l
is
t ta
b
le.
It
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
th
at
th
e
.
R
o
u
te
b
et
w
ee
n
S a
n
d
D
h
as
b
r
o
k
en
.
T
o
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
b
et
w
ee
n
th
ese
t
w
o
ca
s
e
s
,
a
r
o
u
te
er
r
o
r
m
es
s
ag
e
i
s
u
s
ed
.
W
h
e
n
a
n
o
d
e
in
a
n
es
t
ab
lis
h
ed
r
o
u
te
g
o
es
d
o
w
n
o
r
w
h
e
n
it
i
s
n
o
m
o
r
e
co
n
n
ec
te
d
to
th
e
r
o
u
te,
t
h
e
u
p
s
tr
ea
m
n
o
d
e
o
f
th
e
b
r
ea
k
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
ts
a
r
o
u
te
b
r
ea
k
a
g
e
n
o
tif
icat
io
n
m
e
s
s
a
g
e.
I
f
r
ec
ei
v
es
th
i
s
er
r
o
r
m
ess
a
g
e
b
ef
o
r
e
r
ec
eiv
in
g
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
est
in
at
io
n
n
o
d
e
D
,
it
n
ee
d
s
to
is
s
u
e
an
o
th
er
r
o
u
te
d
is
co
v
er
y
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
b
lac
k
h
o
le
d
etec
tio
n
t
o
th
e
n
e
w
l
y
estab
li
s
h
ed
r
o
u
te.
I
t
is
also
p
o
s
s
ib
le
th
at
t
h
e
li
n
k
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
S
an
d
I
N
h
as
b
r
o
k
e
n
.
I
n
t
h
is
ca
s
e,
S
r
ec
eiv
es
a
r
o
u
te
er
r
o
r
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
is
s
u
ed
b
y
a
n
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
e
u
p
s
tr
ea
m
to
I
N,
h
en
ce
S
ca
n
n
o
t
v
er
if
y
t
h
e
h
o
n
est
y
o
f
I
N
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
v
er
i
f
icatio
n
s
i
g
n
a
l
co
u
ld
n
o
t
r
ea
ch
I
N.
W
h
en
a
b
lack
h
o
le
is
n
o
ticed
,
a
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
i
s
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t
b
y
S
to
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
in
w
h
ic
h
S
a
n
n
o
u
n
ce
s
th
at
n
o
d
e
IN
is
m
alicio
u
s
an
d
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
,
ev
er
y
n
o
d
e
in
s
er
ts
IN
in
to
its
b
lack
lis
t.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
allev
iates
f
u
t
u
r
e
b
lack
h
o
le
b
y
p
r
ev
en
ti
n
g
f
o
r
m
er
l
y
d
etec
ted
m
alicio
u
s
n
o
d
es f
r
o
m
b
ein
g
i
n
v
o
lv
ed
in
t
h
e
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
ath
.
5.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
Her
e,
a
p
r
ec
is
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
f
h
o
w
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
d
etec
ts
an
d
p
r
ev
e
n
t
s
th
e
attac
k
s
b
y
th
e
v
icio
u
s
n
o
d
es
o
n
th
r
ee
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
in
th
e
l
iter
atu
r
e
is
p
r
esen
ted
an
d
th
e
w
a
y
t
h
ese
attac
k
s
af
f
ec
t th
e
r
o
u
t
in
g
is
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
.
5
.
1
.
At
t
a
ck
o
n t
he
pro
t
o
co
l in r
ef
er
ence
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
v
er
if
icatio
n
in
[
1
]
is
n
o
t
en
cr
y
p
ted
,
as
w
ell,
t
h
e
p
r
o
m
is
cu
o
u
s
m
o
d
e
o
f
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
g
iv
e
s
th
e
b
lack
h
o
le
n
o
d
e
a
ch
an
ce
to
p
ass
th
e
h
ello
p
ac
k
et
to
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
as
w
e
ll
as
i
m
p
er
s
o
n
ate
th
e
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
n
o
d
e.
As
a
r
esu
l
t,
all
th
e
d
ata
p
ac
k
e
ts
ar
e
d
r
o
p
p
e
d
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
co
n
s
id
er
s
th
is
a
s
a
v
a
lid
r
o
u
te.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
it
i
s
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
n
o
tice
t
h
at
i
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
th
e
v
er
i
f
ica
tio
n
p
ac
k
et
is
n
o
t
i
n
p
lain
te
x
t
.
T
h
is
p
r
ev
en
ts
t
h
e
b
lack
h
o
le
n
o
d
e
to
im
p
er
s
o
n
a
t
e
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
.
T
h
i
s
is
b
ec
au
s
e
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
k
n
o
w
t
h
is
i
s
a
v
er
if
ica
tio
n
p
ac
k
et
an
d
it
m
a
y
d
r
o
p
it
w
h
ich
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
t
h
is
r
o
u
te
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
v
e
r
if
ied
an
d
as
a
r
es
u
lt
t
h
e
attac
k
is
d
etec
ted
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
d
etec
ts
b
lack
h
o
le
n
o
d
es t
h
at
u
s
e
i
m
p
er
s
o
n
atio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
es.
5
.
2
.
At
t
a
ck
o
n t
he
pro
t
o
co
l in r
ef
er
ence
[
2
].
On
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
to
co
l
p
r
esen
ted
in
[
2
]
is
th
at
w
h
e
n
t
h
er
e
i
s
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
p
ath
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
to
co
l
w
ill
ch
o
o
s
e
it
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
its
r
ep
u
tatio
n
v
al
u
e.
T
h
e
s
elec
ted
p
ath
co
u
ld
h
av
e
m
alicio
u
s
n
o
d
e
th
at
d
r
o
p
s
th
e
d
ata
p
ac
k
ets
w
h
ic
h
d
is
r
u
p
ts
t
h
e
d
ata
f
o
r
w
ar
d
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
to
co
l
d
etec
ts
s
u
ch
attac
k
s
b
ec
a
u
s
e
a
s
ec
u
r
ed
v
er
if
icatio
n
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ess
a
g
e
i
s
u
s
ed
to
ch
ec
k
t
h
e
a
u
th
e
n
tic
it
y
o
f
th
e
m
alicio
u
s
n
o
d
e
in
th
e
p
at
h
w
h
ich
ea
s
il
y
p
r
ev
e
n
ts
t
h
e
ad
v
er
s
ar
y
n
o
d
e
f
r
o
m
d
i
s
r
u
p
ti
n
g
t
h
e
r
o
u
ti
n
g
e
s
tab
lis
h
m
en
t p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
5
.
3
.
At
t
a
ck
o
n t
he
pro
t
o
co
l in r
ef
er
ence
[
3
].
T
h
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
3
]
is
n
o
t
f
ea
s
ib
le
w
h
e
n
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
is
s
p
ar
s
e,
i
n
o
th
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
th
r
ee
r
o
u
tes
at
least
i
m
p
o
s
e
s
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
to
b
e
d
en
s
e
s
u
ch
th
at
m
u
l
tip
le
r
o
u
tes
ca
n
b
e
estab
lis
h
ed
.
T
h
is
d
en
s
it
y
f
ea
tu
r
e
as
w
e
ll
as
m
u
ltip
le
e
x
tr
a
tab
les
u
s
ed
in
t
h
eir
s
ec
o
n
d
s
o
l
u
tio
n
l
i
m
its
t
h
e
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
;
t
h
i
s
is
d
ep
icted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
E
v
en
-
t
h
o
u
g
h
,
in
s
p
ar
s
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
th
i
s
p
r
o
to
co
l
m
a
y
n
o
t
f
in
d
t
h
r
ee
d
if
f
er
e
n
t r
o
u
tes
w
h
ic
h
d
eter
io
r
ates it
s
n
o
r
m
al
o
p
er
atio
n
a
n
d
as a
r
es
u
lt,
a
s
ec
u
r
e
r
o
u
te
i
s
n
o
t e
s
tab
li
s
h
ed
.
Als
o
,
in
ca
s
e
o
f
s
in
g
le
r
o
u
te,
w
h
ich
m
a
y
co
n
tai
n
m
alicio
u
s
n
o
d
es,
a
f
a
k
e
r
o
u
te
ca
n
b
e
estab
li
s
h
ed
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
r
tco
m
in
g
an
d
o
th
er
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
t
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
ca
n
b
e
s
o
lv
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
e
cu
r
it
y
f
ea
t
u
r
es
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
w
h
er
e
v
er
i
f
ied
m
e
s
s
a
g
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
estab
lis
h
r
o
u
tes
m
a
k
i
n
g
o
n
l
y
b
en
ig
n
n
o
d
es
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
b
u
ild
i
n
g
r
o
u
tes.
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
w
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
a
s
ec
u
r
e
an
d
n
o
v
el
al
g
o
r
ith
m
t
h
at
n
o
tices
a
n
d
p
r
o
h
ib
its
b
lack
h
o
le
attac
k
s
o
n
M
A
NE
T
s
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
to
co
l
co
u
n
ts
o
n
en
d
-
to
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e
n
d
k
e
y
es
tab
lis
h
m
e
n
t
w
h
ich
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
p
u
b
lic
k
e
y
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
y
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ec
u
r
it
y
s
c
h
e
m
e
is
g
e
n
er
al
s
u
c
h
t
h
at
it
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
an
y
o
n
d
e
m
a
n
d
r
o
u
ti
n
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4752
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RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
P
.
S
i
n
g
h
a
n
d
G
.
S
h
a
rm
a
,
“
A
n
e
ff
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n
t
p
re
v
e
n
ti
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n
o
f
b
lac
k
h
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p
ro
b
lem
in
a
o
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v
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ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
c
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l
in
m
a
n
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t
,
”
i
n
Pro
c
e
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d
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g
s
o
f
IE
EE
1
1
th
In
t
e
rn
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ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
T
r
u
st,
S
e
c
u
rity
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n
d
Priv
a
c
y
in
Co
mp
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t
in
g
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n
d
Co
mm
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n
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ti
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n
s (
T
ru
stCo
m)
,
p
p
.
9
0
2
-
9
0
6
,
2
0
1
2
.
[
2
]
Q.
M
.
Ya
se
e
n
a
n
d
M
.
A
ld
w
a
iri
,
“
A
n
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
a
o
d
v
p
ro
to
c
o
l
f
o
r
a
v
o
id
in
g
b
l
a
c
k
h
o
les
in
m
a
n
e
t
,
”
Pro
c
e
d
i
a
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
1
3
4
,
p
p
.
3
7
1
-
3
7
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[
3
]
N.
S
h
a
rm
a
a
n
d
A
.
S
h
a
r
m
a
,
“
T
h
e
B
lac
k
-
H
o
le
n
o
d
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tt
a
c
k
in
M
a
n
e
t,
”
in
2
0
1
2
se
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o
n
d
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ter
n
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ti
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l
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n
fer
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n
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e
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n
Ad
v
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n
c
e
d
Co
mp
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ti
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g
&
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mm
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n
T
e
c
h
n
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o
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ies
.
I
EE
E
,
p
p
.
5
4
6
-
5
5
0
,
2
0
1
2
.
[
4
]
H.
M
o
u
d
n
i,
M
.
Er
-
R
o
u
i
d
i,
H.
M
o
u
n
c
if
,
a
n
d
B
.
El
Ha
d
a
d
i
,
“
F
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
-
b
a
se
d
in
tru
si
o
n
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
sy
st
e
m
a
g
a
in
st
b
lac
k
h
o
le
a
tt
a
c
k
in
m
o
b
il
e
a
d
h
o
c
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
a
n
d
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n
fo
rm
a
ti
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n
S
e
c
u
rity
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
3
6
6
-
3
7
3
,
2
0
1
8
.
[
5
]
H.
L
i
a
n
d
M
.
S
in
g
h
a
l,
“
A
n
a
n
c
h
o
r
-
b
a
se
d
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
to
c
o
l
w
it
h
c
e
ll
id
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
ste
m
f
o
r
a
d
h
o
c
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,
"
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
m
p
u
ter
Co
mm
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n
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ti
o
n
s
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d
Ne
two
rk
s
,
p
p
.
2
1
5
-
2
2
2
,
2
0
0
5
.
[
6
]
B.
A
.
M
a
h
m
o
o
d
a
n
d
D.
M
a
n
iv
a
n
n
a
n
,
“
P
o
siti
o
n
b
a
se
d
a
n
d
h
y
b
rid
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
to
c
o
ls
f
o
r
m
o
b
il
e
a
d
h
o
c
n
e
tw
o
rk
s:
a
su
rv
e
y
,
”
W
ir
e
les
s P
e
rs
o
n
a
l
Co
m
mu
n
ica
t
io
n
s
,
v
o
l.
8
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
0
0
9
-
1
0
3
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
[
7
]
S
.
Ja
in
,
A
.
S
h
a
stri,
a
n
d
B.
K.
C
h
a
u
ra
sia
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
sis
a
n
d
f
e
a
sib
il
it
y
o
f
re
a
c
ti
v
e
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
t
o
c
o
ls
w
it
h
m
a
li
c
io
u
s
n
o
d
e
s
in
m
a
n
e
ts,
”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
C
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
a
n
d
Ne
tw
o
rk
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
(
CS
NT
),
p
p
.
3
5
6
-
360
,
2
0
1
3
.
[
8
]
G
.
L
iu
,
H.
Do
n
g
,
Z.
Ya
n
,
X
.
Z
h
o
u
,
a
n
d
S
.
S
h
im
izu
,
“
B4
S
DC
:
A
b
lo
c
k
c
h
a
in
sy
ste
m
f
o
r
se
c
u
ri
t
y
d
a
t
a
c
o
ll
e
c
ti
o
n
i
n
m
a
n
e
ts,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
B
ig
Da
t
a
,
v
o
l.
1
4
.
n
o
.
8
.
p
p
.
1
-
14
,
2
0
1
5
.
[
9
]
V
.
N.
T
a
lo
o
k
i,
H.
M
a
rq
u
e
s,
a
n
d
J.
R
o
d
rig
u
e
z
,
“
E
n
e
rg
y
e
ff
icie
n
t
d
y
n
a
m
ic
m
a
n
e
t
o
n
-
d
e
m
a
n
d
(
e
2
d
y
m
o
)
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l,
”
i
n
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
siu
m
a
n
d
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
s
o
n
a
W
o
rld
o
f
W
ire
les
s,
M
o
b
il
e
a
n
d
M
u
lt
ime
d
ia
Ne
tw
o
rk
s (
W
o
W
M
o
M
)
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
3
.
[
1
0
]
H.
S
h
e
n
a
n
d
L
.
Zh
a
o
,
“
A
lert:
A
n
a
n
o
n
y
m
o
u
s
lo
c
a
ti
o
n
-
b
a
se
d
e
ff
ici
e
n
t
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l
i
n
m
a
n
e
ts,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
M
o
b
i
le Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
0
7
9
-
1
0
9
3
,
2
0
1
3
.
[
1
1
]
K.
Ka
v
it
h
a
,
K.
S
e
lv
a
k
u
m
a
r,
T
.
N
it
h
y
a
,
a
n
d
S
.
S
a
t
h
y
a
b
a
m
a
,
“
Zo
n
e
b
a
se
d
m
u
lt
ica
st
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l
f
o
r
m
o
b
il
e
a
d
h
o
c
n
e
tw
o
rk
,
”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Eme
rg
in
g
T
re
n
d
s
in
V
L
S
I,
Em
b
e
d
d
e
d
S
y
ste
m,
Na
n
o
El
e
c
tro
n
i
c
s a
n
d
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m (
ICEV
ENT
),
2
0
1
3
.
[
1
2
]
B
.
A
.
M
a
h
m
o
o
d
,
A
.
I
b
r
a
h
i
m
,
a
n
d
D
.
M
a
n
i
v
a
n
n
a
n
,
“
H
y
b
r
i
d
o
n
-
d
e
m
a
n
d
g
r
e
e
d
y
r
o
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t
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n
g
p
r
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t
o
c
o
l
w
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t
h
b
a
c
k
t
r
a
c
k
i
n
g
f
o
r
m
o
b
i
l
e
a
d
-
h
o
c
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
,
”
i
n
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
9
t
h
I
F
I
P
W
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
a
n
d
M
o
b
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l
e
N
e
t
w
o
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k
i
n
g
C
o
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f
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e
(
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M
N
C
)
,
2016.
[
1
3
]
H.
Yih
-
Ch
u
n
a
n
d
A
.
P
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rrig
,
“
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.
28
-
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0
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.
[
1
4
]
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.
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1
5
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.
[
1
6
]
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.
K.
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IEE
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In
ter
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ter
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o
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ll
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im
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(
UKS
im),
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.
693
-
6
9
8
,
2
0
1
3
.
[
1
7
]
R.
S
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s
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1
8
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V
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iy
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th
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n
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.
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.
R.
,
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E.
N.,
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n
d
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.
Ra
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h
a
,
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o
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I
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ter
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IT
C)
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p
.
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0
.
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1
9
]
A
.
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.
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[
2
0
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W
.
L
o
,
M
.
C.
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ian
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,
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d
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u
,
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sh
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m
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d
h
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n
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rk
s,”
in
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d
in
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s
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f
Asi
a
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t
Co
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n
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
e
c
u
rity (
Asia
J
CIS
)
,
pp
.
5
5
-
62
,
2
0
1
5
.
[
2
1
]
A
.
Ib
ra
h
i
m
,
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M
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In
ter
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p
p
.
2
3
4
-
243
,
2
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[
2
2
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.
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[
2
3
]
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.
Jo
sh
i,
“
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4
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B.
M
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k
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o
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1
2
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In
ter
n
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s (
W
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IEE
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.
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[
2
5
]
C.
E.
P
e
rk
in
s
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n
d
E.
M
.
Ro
y
e
r,
“
A
d
-
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d
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,
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p
.
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9
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[
2
6
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K.
A
ra
th
y
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n
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m
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e
sh
,
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n
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k
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tt
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k
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m
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t,
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l.
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5
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p
.
2
6
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7
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0
1
6
.
[
2
7
]
A
.
K.
Ja
in
,
V
.
T
o
k
e
k
a
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d
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.
S
h
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sta
v
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tati
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st b
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k
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le a
tt
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k
s,”
in
In
f
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rm
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ti
o
n
a
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d
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mm
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p
.
3
9
-
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,
2
0
1
8
.
[
2
8
]
S
.
R.
M
.
Krish
n
a
,
P
.
V.
K.
P
ra
sa
d
,
M
.
N.
S
.
Ra
m
a
n
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th
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d
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M
.
Ku
m
a
ri,
“
S
e
c
u
rit
y
in
m
a
n
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t
ro
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g
tab
les
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it
h
fm
n
k
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ra
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in
Pro
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s
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I
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ter
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Co
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trica
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,
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a
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,
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Op
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n
(
EE
S
CO),
p
p
.
1
-
7
,
2
0
1
5
.
[
2
9
]
P
r
o
c
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e
d
in
g
s
o
f
In
tern
a
ti
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Co
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Op
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(EE
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CO),
2
0
1
5
.
[
3
0
]
Y.
-
C.
Hu
,
A
.
P
e
rrig
,
a
n
d
D.
B.
Jo
h
n
s
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,
“
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riad
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:
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-
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rk
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ire
les
s n
e
two
rk
s
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
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o
.
1
-
2
,
p
p
.
2
1
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,
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.
B
I
O
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RAP
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S O
F
AUTH
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RS
Dr
.
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c
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y
.
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