TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol. 14, No. 2, May 2015, pp. 353 ~ 36
2
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
14i2.767
6
353
Re
cei
v
ed Fe
brua
ry 19, 20
15; Re
vised
Ap
ril 16, 201
5; Acce
pted
April 30, 201
5
Technology Content Analysis with Te
chnometric
Theory Approa
ch to Improve Performance in
Radiodiagnostic Installation
Bamban
g G
u
ruh Irianto*
, Abdul Rah
m
an, D
w
i
He
rr
y
Anda
y
a
ni
Dep
a
rtement o
f
Electromedic
a
l Eng
i
ne
eri
ng
Politek
nik Kes
ehata
n
Keme
n
k
es Surab
a
y
a,
Jl Pucan
g
Jaj
a
r
T
i
mur 10 Suraba
ya, 0
31-
50
370
95
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: bgi_
p
s@
ya
h
oo.com
A
b
st
r
a
ct
Radi
ol
ogic i
n
st
allati
on
be faci
litated w
i
th
me
dical
eq
uip
m
e
n
t for supporti
ng of he
alth s
e
rvices i
n
investi
gatio
n
of diseas
e. T
here
ar
e 3 (three) criteri
a
techno
lo
gy
of equi
p
m
ent: i
n
vestig
atio
n w
i
th
soph
isticate
d e
qui
p
m
ent (CT
scans sin
g
l
e
sli
c
e), inve
stig
ati
on w
i
th a med
i
um-s
i
z
e
d
enter
prises e
qui
p
m
e
n
t
(gen
eral x-r
a
y
≤
30
0
mA / 12
5
KV) and s
i
mpl
e
eq
uip
m
ent (P
ortabl
e De
ntal
x-ray
≤
8m
A /70 KV). In view of
contrib
u
tion
to
the
Hosp
ital,
Radi
ol
ogic
inst
allati
on
fro
m
2
008
unti
l
201
2
has
decr
eas
e
d
, the
dat
a a
s
follow
s
: T
he year 200
8 w
a
s 6.8 perce
nt; in 2
009 w
a
s 4.3 p
e
rcent; in 20
10
w
a
s 2.5 percent; in 201
1 w
a
s
2.3 p
e
rce
n
t; an
d i
n
201
2 w
a
s
2.6 p
e
rce
n
t.By usi
n
g
ap
pro
a
c
h
of t
e
chn
o
m
et
ric the
o
ry, the
study
me
asur
e
s
the sign
ificant
contributi
on
of each co
mp
one
nt of te
chnol
ogy that consists of
asp
e
cts: T
e
chnow
are,
Hu
ma
nw
are, Inforw
are, Org
a
w
a
re i
n
R
a
d
i
olo
g
ic
In
stall
a
tion, a
nd
als
o
w
ant to k
n
ow
ab
out th
e
soph
isticatio
n
of the techno
lo
gy w
h
ich is us
ed in
i
n
d
i
cator
s
T
e
chnol
ogy
contrib
u
tion c
o
efficien (T
CC),
so
factors that affect exper
ie
nce
d
per
for
m
ance
result ca
n b
e
know
n, w
here
T
CC are: T
C
C
Hig
h T
e
chn
o
l
o
g
y
T
CC_tt =
0
,490
if T
_
tt=
0,387 H=
0,519 I=
0,538 O=
0,
5
3
4
T
CC Mid
d
l
e
techn
o
l
ogy
T
CC_tm=
0
,4
43
if
T
_
tm=
0
,25
8
H
=
0,519 I=
0,53
8 O=
0,534T
C
C
Si
mp
le te
c
h
nol
ogy T
C
C_t
s
=
0
,398
if T
_
ts=
0
,168 H=
0,
51
9
I=
0,538 O=
0,534If the value
of compo
n
e
n
t
technolo
g
y
(T
,H,I,O) is less than T
CC,
its mea
n
s tha
t
Radiologic Inst
allation
Unit
is
in decreas
ing phas
e, a condition t
hat cannot be
left, need the
direct
or
s
’
s
action i
mmedi
a
t
ely to formu
l
at
e the right a
nd
fast polici
e
s to
protect it from l
o
st. T
he final result of study i
s
a
gap
al
most
ev
eryw
here fro
m
the thre
e tec
hno
logy
c
o
mp
one
nt Hu
man
w
are =
0,519,
Inforw
are =
0,538,
Orgaw
are =
0,534, b
u
t the g
ap b
e
tw
een
most compo
nent
s in tech
nol
og
y aspects T
e
c
hnow
are (
0
,38
7
,
0,258, 0,
168),
that means t
hat dev
el
op
ment strategy o
f
Radi
olo
g
ic I
n
stall
a
tion
un
it be pr
ioriti
z
e
d
o
n
incre
a
sin
g
asp
e
cts T
e
chnow
a
r
e (rejuv
enati
o
n me
dic
a
l eq
ui
pment).
Ke
y
w
ords
:
technow
are, h
u
manw
are, i
n
fow
a
re, orgaw
are,
T
CC (T
echno
logy
Cont
ributi
on C
oeffi
cien)
,
techno
metric theory
Copy
right
©
2015 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
Installing Radiologi
c i
s
one
of the
supporting he
alth
services unit in
the
hospital. Service
Quality radiol
ogic,
dep
end
ing o
n
the
q
uality
of hu
man
re
sou
r
ces, b
e
si
de t
hat de
pen
ds o
n
sop
h
isti
cated
equip
m
ent
that is u
s
e
d
. This m
e
a
n
s that, eq
ui
pment
which
is u
s
ed
always
radiol
ogi
c in i
t
s prim
e
con
d
ition, both
p
h
ysically
and
function,
so
it can
pro
d
u
c
e a hi
gh q
ual
ity
radio
g
raph.
Guarantee
q
uality is prod
uce
d
, refle
c
t unit radi
ologi
c can to p
a
ss a b
e
tter
se
rvice
has been
det
ermined,
who will finally be able to pr
ovi
de information and ac
curate diag
nosis, by
kee
p
ing (pre
ssi
ng be at a
minimum) i
m
pact shelf r
adiation is o
n
patients, op
erato
r
, radiol
ogist
techni
cia
n
[1]
.
Busine
ss h
e
a
lth services
are
m
ana
ged
by East
Java
government;
espe
cially Haji
Ho
spital Su
ra
baya in
Instal
ling
Radiol
ogi
c h
a
s
go
od
f
a
cilitie
s supp
orting equi
p
m
ent
dia
gno
stic
tests. A
c
cordi
ng to
de
cisi
o
n
of Mini
ste
r
of He
alth According
to th
e de
ci
sion
R.
I Nu
mbe
r
1
1
22
/SK/ VIII/2003 dated Au
g
u
st 5, 200
3,
about tech
n
i
cal gui
dan
ce
of equipm
e
n
t electromet
ric
grou
ping into
3 group
s le
vels of techn
o
logy ar
e si
mple tech
nol
ogy (De
n
tal x-ray, Panoramic
View
dental
x-ray, T
he film
Dryer, Fil
m
viewer
); the
t
e
ch
nolo
g
y an
d me
dium
en
terpri
se
s
(Ba
s
ic
x-ray unit, x-ray mobile
u
n
it, automatic pro
c
e
ssi
ng
Film); and th
e high te
chn
o
logy (CT
scans
singl
e sli
c
e spiral dia
gno
st
ic 500 mA/13
0
KV) [2].
No
w the nu
mber of technolo
g
y equi
pment
medi
um-sized ent
erp
r
ises o
w
n
ed Haji
Ho
spital i
s
3
(thre
e
)
unit of
Gene
ral x
-ra
y diagno
stic
cap
a
city 50
0
mA/125 KV, 3 (three
) Mo
b
ile
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 14, No. 2, May 2015 : 353 – 362
354
unit x-ray dia
gno
stic
capa
city 300 mA/125 KV, 1
(on
e
) unit T
hora
x
Airbag
s But x-ray 30 mA/
100
KV, 1 (on
e
)
unit De
ntal x
-ray
diagn
ost
i
c
capa
ci
ty 6
mA/70 KV, 2 (two)
unit
Panoramic View
dental x-ray cap
a
city 8 m
A
/70 KV, and 1 (one
)
unit
of C-Arm x-ray diagno
stic 300 mA/100
KV
[3, 4].
Based
on da
ta Installing
diagn
osti
c Haji Ho
sp
ital,
Surabaya, h
a
s dia
gno
stic supp
ort
servi
c
e
s
sin
c
e 2008 to 20
12 espe
cially
for types
of produ
ct
s Ge
neral x-ray di
agno
stic te
sts,
experie
nced i
n
the
ra
nge
12.47
pe
rcen
t every yea
r
while
on
the
type of p
r
od
u
c
t Dental
x-ray
diagn
osti
c produ
cts a
nd
CT sca
n
s
di
agno
stic e
a
ch, experie
nced aroun
d 1
7
perce
nt ea
ch In.
This
con
d
ition pushed th
e dire
ctors t
o
make
improvements
an
d contin
uou
s developme
n
t
in
variou
s aspe
cts of the finishin
g pro
c
e
s
s, one
of the
m
was
Radi
o
l
ogic h
a
s pla
nned to ad
d 1
(one
) unitM
RI
0.5 tesla op
en gant
ry an
d 1 (on
e
) u
n
i
t
Angiogra
p
h
y
and Catla
b
new g
ene
rat
i
on
.
(5)
Ne
ed m
u
ch fu
nd
s fo
r inve
stment
s in e
quip
m
ent diag
no
stic hig
h
-te
c
h,
and to p
r
ev
ent
planni
ng tech
nology devel
opment which not app
rop
r
iate, so it n
eed
s be do
n
e
mea
s
urem
ent
techn
o
logy
comp
one
nts cont
ribute
d
to Haji
Ho
spital, Su
ra
baya, espe
cially for a
s
p
e
cts
(Te
c
hn
oware
technol
ogy the com
pon
en
ts (T), Hu
ma
nwa
r
e (H), In
forwa
r
e (I
) an
d Orga
wa
re (O)
hopeful
the
directo
r
s a
r
e abl
e to
de
termine
ab
ou
t planni
ng
of g
ood
an
d
right te
ch
nol
ogy
developm
ent policy [6-9].
2.
Proposed T
echnology
Con
t
en
t An
aly
s
is
w
i
th Technom
etri
c Theor
y
to
Approa
ch
Performance
Base on
th
o
s
e above,
th
is study wan
t
to
kn
ow
a
bout the
technolo
g
y asp
e
cts (T
=
asp
e
ct
s (Te
c
hno
ware, H= Human
w
a
r
e
,
I= Inforware and O
=
O
r
ga
wa
re) e
s
peci
a
lly in unit
installing radi
ologi
c.The result of
the st
udy are to
know level
soph
isticated technology in unit
Radi
ologi
c, al
so i
s
ne
ede
d
in levels
of m
anag
ement
sebag
ai refe
re
nsi to d
e
termi
ne poli
c
y in t
h
e
developm
ent
and the in
cre
a
se supp
orting fa
cilities
fro
m
yea
r
to year in
accordan
ce
with
keb
u
tuha
nma
s
yara
kat
dyn
a
mics [10]. Use of te
chn
o
l
ogy mana
ge
ment techno
metric
ha
s b
een
adapte
d
in or mea
s
ureme
n
ts dan control Jaba
rata
water p
o
rt [9]. After the corne
r
ba
sed
on
MEMS (micro
-ele
ktrom
e
ka
nis sy
stem) a
c
celerome
te
rs studi
ed, the
angle a
s
mu
ch a
s
accu
rate
in any con
d
ition ca
n be redu
ced the a
nalysi
s
of
the accele
ratio
n
of the win
g
s do
uble in
the
positio
n that bebe
da. Fu
rther
re
sea
r
ch
Yuan Rong
ch
ang
a
pplying folding
wi
ng
s are cont
rolled
to
cha
nge the a
s
pe
ct ratio of the wing is a
n
efficient
wa
y to get the b
e
st overall p
e
r
forma
n
ce of the
aircraft in different ph
ases
of flight missi
ons [11].
Identification
of the pro
b
lems :T
he
fact
ors
whi
c
h influ
e
n
c
in
g of radi
odi
agno
stic
techn
o
logy are contri
bution
of each com
pone
nt in
rad
i
odiag
nosti
c installatio
n
T_
irdx, % H_ird
x
)
and its ea
rnin
gs
cont
ributio
n to the ove
r
a
ll inco
me of
Haji
Ho
spital,
Surab
a
ya fo
r 5
( five ) ye
a
r
s
(from 20
08 u
n
til 2012 ).T
he pro
b
lem:
The study be
restri
cted by
technol
ogy aspe
cts of the
probl
em (T
_irdx, H_irdx)
o
f
reso
urce
s i
n
Radi
odia
g
n
o
stic Intallati
on, Haji Hospital, Suraba
ya.
Forrmula of P
r
oble
m
:
1) Is there an
y relationship
betwee
n
the
tec
h
nology to inc
r
ease produc
tivity?,
2) Is
there
any a s
i
gnific
ant relation
exis
ts
between humanware
to tec
h
noware (T_tt,
T_tm, T_ts
)?
3) Ho
w po
ssible a
pproa
ch of tech
n
o
metri
c
theo
ry can be
a
pplied a
s
te
chn
o
logy
developm
ent policy at Ra
di
odiag
no
stic installatio
n
?
Gene
ral
pu
rp
ose: To kn
ow
the co
ntribut
ion
of
every
comp
one
nt h
u
man
w
a
r
e, in
forwa
r
e
and o
r
ga
wa
re radi
odia
g
n
o
stic
) at Haji
hospital,
Surabaya.Spe
c
ific pu
rpo
s
e: (1) To m
e
a
s
u
r
es
the level of sophi
sticatio
n (so
phi
sticatio
n) of
techn
o
l
ogy that be use
d
in com
pari
s
on
with the
state-of
-the
-a
rt "current; (2
) To mea
s
u
r
e
/
calc
ulate co
ntribution of
Tech
no
wa
re
and Human
w
are
at radiodi
agn
ostic in
stalla
tion of espe
ci
ally
simple, medium a
nd
high ele
k
tro
m
edik e
quipm
e
n
t;
(3) To
an
alyze th
e
conte
n
t of technol
ogy by
cal
c
u
l
ating the
co
ntribution
co
mpone
nt of t
he
technology (T
, H) and
calculate T C C at ever
y level
of technol
ogy
(TCC_tt,TCC_tm,TCC_ts )
.
3. Res
earc
h
Method
olog
y
The
De
sign
i
s
a
non
exp
e
rime
ntal research
on re
search/an
a
lytica
l
su
rv
ey
b
y
surv
ey
resea
r
ch an
a
l
ytical cro
ss
se
ctional. T
h
e pop
ulation
are
whol
e el
ektro
m
edi
k e
quipme
n
t on
the
Radi
odiag
no
stic Installatio
n
, Haji
Ho
spi
t
al Surab
a
ya, and th
e sam
p
le u
s
ing P
r
o
bability sa
mp
le
pro
c
ed
ure. T
he
sampl
e
s
are
divided
i
n
to 3
(t
hree
groupe
d),
n
a
mely hig
h
-t
ech
() m
edi
ca
l
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Tech
nolo
g
y
Conte
n
t Analysi
s with T
e
chnom
etri
c Th
eory Approa
ch… (Bam
ban
g Guru
h Iriant
o)
355
equipm
ent, high tech
nolog
y and techno
logy.The sa
m
p
le used in this stu
d
y are
group
ed into
3
(thre
e
), na
me
ly high-te
ch
(Sophisti
c
ated
), médium
,
a
nd sim
p
lel e
q
u
ipment, con
s
ist of 3
1
(thi
rty-
one) th
e tool
in every gro
up, be group
ing by usin
g
prop
orsion
al
stratified ra
ndom
sam
p
ling
techni
que
s. T
he in
strum
e
n
t
s and
data
collectio
n te
ch
nique
s a
r
e u
s
ing:
Che
k
list
,
interview
wi
th
the use
r
of eq
uipment an
d expert opini
o
n
(expe
r
t).
Re
sea
r
ch
hypothe
se
s: (1) there i
s
a
rel
a
tions
hip bet
wee
n
the
con
t
ent
of contri
bution of
techn
o
logy
with increa
sed
pro
d
u
c
tivity; (2) The
r
e i
s
a
sig
n
ifica
n
t relatio
n
ship between t
h
e
Humanware and Technoware (T_tt, T_tm, T_ts).
The pl
ace
an
d time of stu
d
y
are at in
st
allation radio
d
iagn
osti
c Ha
ji Ho
spital, S
u
rab
a
ya,
from De
cem
b
er 201
1 until the end of Fe
brua
ry 201
2.
4. Results a
nd Discu
ssi
on
4.1. Results
4.1.1. Resultsand Data
Analy
s
is Techno
w
a
r
e
4.1.1.1. Resu
ltsand
Data Analy
s
is T
echno
w
a
r
e
Hig
h
Technolog
y
Equipment
Re
sults and
Data
analysi
s
of Sophi
sticated Te
ch
no
ware.The
tab
l
e belo
w
i
s
d
a
ta from
sub
co
mpo
n
ents, Tu
be
Hou
s
in
g Assembling
tech
noware
(T
HA) as a p
r
o
ductio
n
ma
chine
radiatio
n (T1
_
tt) is
see
n
a
s
the m
o
st im
portant
com
p
onent
s o
r
tha
t
has
a value
of stra
egi
s from
the comp
one
nt techno
wa
re.
Table 1. Con
t
ribution com
pone
nt Tech
n
o
wa
re CT Scan (T_tt)
Criteria
Value (1,
00)
Normalize
d
Co
n
t
ribu
tio
n
Tube Ho
using Assembling ( THA
) (
T1_tt
)
0,20 0,333
Power high volta
ge S
y
stem
( T
2_tt )
0,20 0,356
Diagonal moving gantr
y
Engine (
T3 _tt )
0,20 0,400
Mobile transport
M
achine ( T4_tt
)
0,20 0,444
Image procesing
( T
5
_tt )
0,20 0,400
T_tt
: 0,3
8
7
From the
s
e
data be com
pare
d
to state-of-th
e
-a
rt (SOA), that th
e level of contribution
technoware it
is at the lowest level, it is
given the su
b-comp
one
nts T1_tt whi
c
h
has be
en u
s
ed
sin
c
e 2
003
when
comp
are
d
with the l
e
vel so
phi
st
icat
ed eq
uipme
n
t techn
o
ware
have a
spa
n
of 6
years in th
e f
u
ture th
at onl
y occupy
co
n
t
ribution
l
e
vel
T1_tt
= 0.3
3
3
lo
wer than
the level
of the
overall
cont
ri
bution te
chn
o
w
are T_tt =
0
.
387. Whil
e te
chn
o
ware
T_t
t
= 0.387 l
e
ve
l wa
s still mu
c
h
lowe
r towa
rd
TCC_tt valu
e = 0.490,
meanin
g
that the comp
on
ents techno
ware T_tt as
an
internal
ba
rri
er to p
e
rfo
r
m
ance an
d pro
ductivity
in the se
rvice
of radiodi
agno
sti
c
in
stallation
unit.
Ideally tec
h
noware
c
ont
ribution mus
t
be greater or
equal to the value of at leas
t TCC_tt. So als
o
in the
sub
-
co
mpone
nts te
chno
ware T2
_
tt = 035
6 "hig
h-voltage
po
wer sy
stem"
whe
n
compa
r
ed
with the state
-
of-the
-a
rt tod
a
y, where the
leve
l of tech
nology is
no l
onge
r u
s
ing
a singl
e source,
but most unit
s
have a CT scan u
s
ing a
doubl
e-sou
r
ce techn
o
logy.
4.1.1.2. Resu
lts and Data
Analy
s
is Tec
hno
w
a
r
e
Intermediated Technolo
g
y
Equipment
The tabl
e b
e
low is a
su
b-comp
one
nt of
data
techno
ware, (X
-ray tube
)
as a
sub
-
comp
one
nt of the radiation
prod
uctio
n
m
a
chi
ne (T
1_t
m).
Table 2. Co
ntribution
com
p
onent Te
chn
o
w
are X ray (tm)
Criteria
Value ( 1,00 )
N
ormalized Cont
ribution
X ra
y
tu
be
(
T1_t
m )
0
,20
0,311
HighVoltageGen
eratorS
y
stem (
T2_tm )
0,20
0,311
Control tabel sistem (
T3_tm )
0,20
0,178
Pasien table
(
T4_t
m )
0
,20
0,133
Image processing
(
T5_t
m )
0
,20
0,356
T_tm : 0,2
5
6
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356
From th
e dat
a above
be
measurement
and b
e
co
m
pare
d
with
st
ate-of-th
e
-a
rt
(SOA),
the level
of contributio
ns that a
r
e
at a l
e
vel
techno
ware
co
ntrib
u
tion T
1_tm
= 0
.
311 m
ean
s it
i
s
unde
r the level value TCC_tm = 0.443,t1_tmdue toth
e sub
-
comp
o
nents that ha
ve beenu
sed
16
years a
go. From the results of
the measureme
n
t of the level of midle techn
o
log
y
T_tm = 0.258
wa
s still far lo
wer tha
n
the
value of TCC_tm
= 0.443.
On su
b tech
n
o
wa
re comp
o
nents T
2_tm =
0.311 (hi
gh-v
o
ltage po
we
r system), sub
techno
wa
re comp
one
nts,
T3_ts
= 0.1
7
8
(table Cont
rol
system
), sub
comp
one
nts
tech
no
ware
T
4_tm
=
0.1
3
3
tech
no
wa
re comp
one
nts and su
b
T
5_t
m
= 0.3
56
(ima
ge p
r
o
c
e
ssi
n
g
) in
its
whol
e if be
com
p
ar
ed
with
sta
t
e-of-the
-a
rt, it is lo
we
r to t
he
TCC_tm
= 0.
443,it ism
e
a
n
s
com
pon
e
n
ts te
chn
o
wa
re
tm
as inhi
bitors of inte
rnal
produ
cti
v
ity
perfo
rman
ce,
espe
cially
the su
b-com
pone
nts
teknoware i
s
con
s
id
ere
d
the main
su
b-
comp
one
nts i
n
gen
eratin
g
radiatio
n. Te
chno
ware c
ont
ribution
sh
oul
d ideally b
e
a
t
least a
s
la
rg
e
or mid value
TCC_tm
4.1.1.3. Resu
lts and Data
Analy
s
is Techno
w
a
r
e
Simple Techn
o
log
y
Equip
m
ent
The tabl
e b
e
low is a
su
b-comp
one
nt of
data
techno
ware, (X
-ray tube
)
as a
sub
-
comp
one
nt of the radiation
prod
uctio
n
m
a
chi
ne (T
1_ts).
Table 3. Co
ntribution
com
p
onent Te
chn
o
w
are x ray (ts)
Criteria
Value ( 1,00 )
N
ormalized Cont
ribution
X ra
y
tu
be
(
T1_ts
)
0
,20
0,144
HighVoltageGen
eratorS
y
stem (
T2_ts )
0,20
0,249
Control tabel sistem (
T3_tm )
0,20
0,167
Pasien table
(
T4_t
s )
0
,20
0,133
Image processing
(
T5_t
s )
0
,20
0,156
T_ts : 0,168
From th
e dat
a above
be
measurement
and b
e
co
m
pare
d
with
st
ate-of-th
e
-a
rt
(SOA),
the level of contributio
ns t
hat are
at a level
techn
o
ware
cont
ributi
on T1_t
s =
0.144 me
an
s it is
unde
r the
lev
e
l value
T
C
C_ts
=
0.398.
From
the
re
sults of
the m
easure
m
ent
of the level
of
simple te
ch
n
o
logy T_t
s
=
0.168
wa
s sti
ll far lo
wer th
an the valu
e
of TCC_ts
=
0.398. On
su
b
techn
o
ware
comp
one
nts T2_ts = 0
.
249 (hig
h-v
o
ltage po
we
r system
), sub te
chn
o
w
are
comp
one
nts, T3_ts =
0.16
7
(table
Co
ntrol sy
stem),
sub compo
nen
ts tech
no
ware T4_ts
= 0.1
3
3
techn
o
ware
compon
ents
a
nd sub T
5_ts = 0.15
6 (i
m
a
ge processin
g
) in it
s whol
e if be comp
a
r
ed
with state
-
of-t
he-a
r
t, it is lower to the T
C
C_ts
= 0.3
9
8
, it is mean
s co
mpon
ent
s tech
no
ware
as
inhibitors of internal
p
r
od
uctivity
perfo
rman
ce
,
esp
e
cially th
e
sub-com
pon
en
ts tekno
w
are
is
con
s
id
ere
d
th
e main
su
b-compon
ents in
gene
rati
n
g
radiation. T
e
chno
ware
cont
ribution
shoul
d
ideally beat le
ast as la
rge o
r
mid value T
C
C_ts
4.1.2. Results and Da
ta
Analy
s
is Human
w
a
r
e at Radiodiagno
s
t
ic Installatio
n
Re
sult of the contri
bution
compon
ents
h
u
ma
n
w
a
r
e is
from su
rveys and che
ckli
s
t those
has b
een rate
d by the experts in their fiel
d.
Table 4. Re
sults of Cont
ribution compo
nent of Huma
nwa
r
e
Criteria
Value
N
ormalize
d
Co
n
t
ribu
tio
n
Capability
of doct
o
r / Radiolog (H
1)
0,25
0,746
Capability
of Rad
i
ografer
(H2)
0,25
0,569
Capability
of tech
nician (H3)
0,25
0,549
Capability
ofStaf
f/ Administration (H4
)
0,25
0,211
H : 0,
519
Value of th
e
contri
bution
o
n
the h
u
ma
n
w
are
el
ement
s in th
e tabl
e
above a
r
e
th
e re
sult
s
of the survey
and asse
ssment by
the
head of the Radi
odiag
no
stic installatio
n
. The results of
measurement
s and calculat
ions of hum
a
n
wa
re almo
st
whole of the human
wa
re (H1 = 0,74
6, H2
=0,56
9
, H3
= 0.549,
H4
= 0.211
) i
s
ab
ove the
val
u
e of T
C
C
=
(TCC_tt = 0,4
90, T
C
C_tm
=
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357
0.443, T
C
C_
ts = 0.39
8),
it is
mean
that
co
mpon
ents of
hum
anware
is g
ood
so
that
the
radio
d
iag
n
o
s
tic install
a
tion
unit for huma
n
resou
r
ces a
r
e goo
d and
capabl
e of evolving to future.
4.1.3. Results and Da
ta
Analy
s
is
Inforw
a
r
e a
t
Radi
odiagnos
tic
Installation
Re
sult of
the
contri
bution
compon
ents In
forwa
r
e is fr
om su
r
v
e
ys and
ch
ec
k
l
is
t tho
s
e h
a
s
been rated by
the experts i
n
their field.
Table 5. Re
sults of Cont
ribution compo
nent ofInforware
Criteria
Value
N
ormalize
d
Co
n
t
ribu
tio
n
Techno
w
a
re spe
c
ific Inforw
are
(I1
)
0,33
0,530
H
u
m
a
nw
ar
e
sp
ecif
ic I
n
f
o
r
w
a
r
e
(
I
2)
0,33
0,537
Orga
ware specific Infor
w
are
(I3
)
0,33
0,550
I : 0,53
8
Value of th
e
contri
bution
o
n
the Info
rwa
r
e el
ement
s i
n
the tabl
e a
b
o
ve are the
result
s of
the survey
and a
s
se
ssment by
ex
pertswh
o a
r
e compete
n
t in thei
r fiel
d. The
re
sul
t
s of
measurement
s a
nd
cal
c
ul
ations of
Inforware almo
st whole of
the
In
f
o
rware i
s
a
b
o
v
e the valu
e
of
techn
o
ware.
it is mean that comp
one
nts of In
forware is go
od
so that the radio
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
installatio
n
un
it for inforwa
r
e resou
r
ces a
r
e goo
d and
capabl
e of evolving to future.
4.1.4. Results and Da
ta
Analy
s
is Orgaw
a
r
e
a
t
Radi
odiagnos
tic
Installation
Re
sult of the
cont
ributio
n
comp
one
nts
Orga
wa
re
i
s
from survey
s
and ch
eckli
s
t
those
has b
een rate
d by the experts in their fiel
d.
Table 6. Re
sults of Cont
ribution compo
nent of Org
a
w
are
Criteria
Value
N
ormalize
d
Co
n
t
ribu
tio
n
Work Org
anization(O1)
0,25
0,524
Wor
k
F
a
cilities (
O
2)
0,25
0,533
Work Modificatio
n
(O3
)
0,25
0,533
Work Evaluation (O4
)
0,25
0,544
O :
0,534
Value of the
contri
bution
o
n
the Info
rwa
r
e el
ement
s i
n
the tabl
e a
bove is the
result
s of
the su
rvey a
nd a
s
sessm
ent by
expe
rts who are
com
petent
i
n
their fiel
d. The results of
measurement
s a
nd
cal
c
ul
ations of
Inforware almo
st whole of
the
In
f
o
rware i
s
a
b
o
v
e the valu
e
of
techn
o
ware.
it is m
ean
that compo
n
e
n
ts of
Orga
ware i
s
g
o
o
d
so that th
e ra
diodi
agn
osti
c
installatio
n
un
it for Orga
wa
re resou
r
ces a
r
e goo
d and
capabl
e of evolving to future.
4.1.5. The Measur
e
ment
of Con
t
ribu
tion Techn
o
log
y
Compone
nts
The a
s
sessm
ent is a S
c
ore of techn
o
lo
gical in
dicato
rs b
e
compa
r
ed with
state
-
of-the
-
art, then the value are no
rmalize
d
, if th
e result
≈
1, mean
s tech
n
o
logy indi
cato
r are to be b
e
tter.
Measurement
of cont
ributio
n co
mpon
ent
s a
r
e by
con
s
iderin
g the li
mitations of t
he level
of sophi
stica
t
ion and rat
e
of assessment (state
of the art). The calcul
ation re
sults
of all
techn
o
logy compon
ents in
the Table 7.
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358
Table 7. Mea
s
ureme
n
t of contributio
n co
mpone
n
No Komponen
T
e
knologi
Batas
SO
A
Kontribusi
Dinormalka
n
T,H,I,
O
TCC
UL LL
1
TECHN
OW
ARE
High Technolog
y
Tube Ho
using Assembling (THA)
T1
6
2
0,25
0,333
0,387
High Tension Tr
a
n
sformator
(HT
T
)
T2
6
2
0,30
0,356
Diagonal Moving Gantr
y
T3
6 2
0,40
0,400
0,490
Mobile Transport
Machine
T4
6
2
0,50
0,444
Image Processing
T5
6
2
0,40
0,400
Intermediated Te
chnolog
y
X-Ra
y
Tube
T1
6
2
0,20
0,311
0,258
High Tension Tr
a
n
sformator
(HT
T
)
T2
6 2
0,20
0,311
Control Ta
ble S
y
stem
T3
4
1
0,20
0,178
0,443
Patient Table
T4
3
1
0,10
0,133
Image Processing
T5
6
2
0,30
0,356
Simple
Tehnolog
y
X-Ra
y
Tube
T1
4
1
0,10
0,144
0,168
High Tension Tr
a
n
sformator
(HT
T
)
T2
5
2
0,05
0,239
Control Ta
ble S
y
stem
T3
6
1
0,10
0,167
0,398
Patient Table
T4
3
1
0,10
0,133
Image Processing
T5
5
1
0,10
0,156
2
HU
M
A
NW
ARE
Capability
of Me
dical
H1
8
5
0,57
0,746
0,519
Capabilities of Radiografer
H2
7
3
0,53
0,569
Capability
of Tec
hnician
H3
6
4
0,47
0,549
Capability
of Staf
f/ Admistration
H4
4
1
0,30
0,211
3
INFORW
ARE
Tehnowa
r
e spec
ific INFORW
AR
E
I1 6
3
0,59
0,530
0,538
Humanwa
r
e spe
c
ific INFOR
W
A
R
E
I2 6
3
0,61
0,537
Orga
ware specif
ic INFORW
ARE
I3 7
2
0,59
0,550
4
OR
GAW
A
RE
W
o
rk Organi
z
a
ti
on
O1
7
3
0,43
0,524
0,534
W
o
rk Fasilitation
O2
6 4
0,40
0,533
W
o
rk Evaluat
ion
O3
6 4
0,45
0,544
W
o
rk M
odificatio
n
O4
6 4
0,40
0,533
Source: re
sul
t
s of the calculati
on of the uppe
r limit, lower limit, SO
A as well a
s
the co
ntributio
ns
that normali
zed on the in
stallation of Ra
diodia
gno
stic
in 2009, the value of SOA (state of the art)
Pandey (1
99
8).
4.1.6. Measu
rementT
ech
nolog
y
C
ontribution Co
e
fficien
t (T
CC)
In calculation
s
, the study u
s
ed a valui
n
g
method for i
n
tensity as fo
llows (
t +
h +
i +
o
1)
atau
(0,25
+ 0,2
5
+ 0,25
+ 0,2
5
= 1
)
, every value i
s
(
)
=
0,25.. After known the val
u
e
of
the cont
ri
bution and
value of
the
i
n
tensity
of
th
e contri
butio
n of
each
co
mpone
nt of t
h
e
techn
o
logy, then the valu
e can be o
b
tained by TC
C as p
r
e
s
ent
ed in the table bel ow, wh
ere:
TCC
= T
t
* H
h
* I
i
* O
o.
Table 8. Re
sults of cal
c
ula
t
ion of TCC
compon
ent Te
chn
o
logy
Component
Technolog
y
Component Tech
nolog
y
Contribution
Intensit
y
of
Component Tech
nolog
y
Contribution (
β
)
TCC_Inst
Rdx
Techno
w
a
re (
T
_tt )
0.387
0.25
0.490
Techno
w
a
re (
T
_
t
m)
0.258
0.443
Techno
w
a
re (
T
_ts )
0.168
0.398
Human
w
a
r
e (
H
)
0.519
0.25
Inforw
a
r
e
( I
)
0.538
0.25
Orga
ware
(
O
)
0.534
0.25
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etri
c Th
eory Approa
ch… (Bam
ban
g Guru
h Iriant
o)
359
Interpretation
of calculatio
n techn
o
logy
cont
ent resu
lts is at level
simple, inte
rmediate,
and high te
ch
nology in the radio
d
iag
n
o
s
tic installati
o
n
in 2009. Hig
h
-tech Te
chn
o
logie
s
from to
simple
cal
c
ul
ation re
sult T
CC
comp
one
nt Tech
nolog
y.
Table 9. Te
ch
nology comp
onent
s Hig
h
Tech
nolo
g
y, Interme
d
iate
Tech
nolo
g
y and
Simple
Tech
nolo
g
y
Technolog
y
Com
ponents
High Technolog
y
Intermediate
Technolog
y
Simple
Technolog
y
Techno
w
a
re
( T
)
0,387
0,258
0,168
Human
w
a
r
e
( H )
0,519
0,519
0,519
Info
w
a
re
(
I )
0,538
0,538
0,538
Orga
ware
(
O )
0,534
0,534
0,534
Table 7: Te
ch
nology Contri
bution Coefficient
High Technolog
y (
T
CC_tt )
0,490
Intermediate
Technolog
y
( T
C
C_tm)
0,443
Simple Technolog
y
(T
C
C
_ts )
0,398
4.2. Discussi
on the re
sults of the me
a
s
uremen
t of
the deg
r
ee o
f
Rec
e
ncy
T
echno
w
a
re
4.2.1.Measur
e
ment o
f
the
degree o
f
Recency
of High Techn
o
log
y
Le
v
e
l
Measurement
of the d
egre
e
of i
mmedi
a
c
y o
f
the Intermediate T
e
chn
o
logy
Level.Mea
su
rement of the
degre
e
of immedia
c
y
of intermedi
ate
Tech
nology
in the form
o
f
"Gene
ral X ray capa
city
≤
300 mA/12
5
KV", by consid
erin
g of 5 indicators
on the a
c
tivity of
prod
uctio
n
p
r
ocesse
s
wh
ich in
clud
e: radiat
ion x
-ray (T
1_tm), a system
of high-volt
age
Gene
rato
rs (T2_tm), T
abl
e Co
ntrol
System
(T
3_tm
)
an
d Patien
t Table
(T4
_
t
m) that works
entirely controlled by o
perator
(huma
n
w
are = H2
) a
r
e trai
ned
an
d skilled, a
n
d
image p
r
o
ssesin
g
(T5_tm
)
.
Re
sults
cal
c
ulation of th
e cont
ributio
n of
techn
o
l
ogy in sub
compon
ent te
chn
o
ware
above, cont
ri
bution
Im
age
Processin
g
(T5_tm)
=
0.
3
56
cont
ribute
d
to th
e hi
ghe
st level, follo
wed
by the next level of contrib
u
tion at unit x-ray
Tu
be (T
1
_
tm) = 0.3
11,
high-voltag
e
Powe
r System
(T2_tm
)
= 0.
311, System
Control
T
able
System
(T3_
tm) = 0.17
8 a
nd lo
we
st
co
ntribution
s
were
on the Patien
t Table (T4
_
tm) = 0.13
3.
This
sho
w
s that the contri
but
ion of the i
n
terme
d
iate-t
ech
equip
m
e
n
t on techno
ware only
at position T
_
tm = 0.256,
means mu
ch lowe
r st
ill to TCC, where (TCC_tm
)
= 0.443. Tha
t
is
whe
n
the a
m
ount of the
contribut
io
n te
chn
o
ware
(T
_tm) = 0.256
≤
(T
CC_tm)
= 0.44
3
≤
1, it can
be sai
d
that the ability of
techn
o
ware f
a
r behi
nd
be
cau
s
e of the
great co
ntri
bution is id
e
a
lly
tec
h
noware (TCC_tm)
≤
(T_tm)
≤
1. Su
ch a
con
d
itio
n can
re
sult i
n
a perfo
rma
n
ce in
se
rvice will
be derailed o
r
can re
sult in
high re
sp
on
se time
to exceed minim
u
m
service stan
dard
s
(SPM
).
Measurement
Of The Deg
r
ee Of Immedi
acy Of Simple Tech
nolo
g
y.
A simple form of technolo
g
ical u
n
its of m
easurement
"portable
De
ntal x-rays
ca
pacity
≤
8 mA/70 KV" which ha
s b
een mea
s
u
r
e
d
by con
s
ide
r
ing 5 o
r
at activity indica
tor of radiati
on
prod
uctio
n
p
r
oce
s
se
s which incl
ude: X-Ray Tub
e
(T
1_ts) = (T1
_
ts) =
0.14
4,
hi
gh-voltag
e
P
o
we
r
System
(T2
_
ts) =
0.249, Table Contro
l
System
(T3
_
ts)
= 0.167
and Patient
Table (T4_t
s) =
0.133 a
s
well
as Imag
e p
r
osse
sing
(T5
_
ts)
= 0.15
6,
whi
c
h work completely
co
ntrolled dire
ct
ly
b
y
the operator (human
wa
re
= H2).
By looking a
t
the results above, the
cont
ri
bution
of techn
o
log
y
in sub
co
mpone
nt
techn
o
ware,
see
n
that the
contri
bution
Syst
em Voltage Gen
e
rator Tingggi
(T2
_
ts)
= 0.249
is
contri
buted th
e large
s
t and
lowe
st co
ntrib
u
tions
were o
n
the Patient Table (T4_ts) = 0.133.
The overall contributio
ns o
n
simple te
ch
nol
ogy equi
p
m
ent (unit "Portable
Denta
l
x-rays
cap
a
cit
y
≤
8 mA/70 KV") only can be reach
ed to (T_t
s) = 0.1
68, means it is st
ill
much lower than
the simpl
e
te
chn
o
logi
cal l
e
vel for T
C
C i.e. (TCC_t
s) =
0.398. Th
is conditio
n
i
s
affecte
d
by
the
length of the operation
of t
he tool
has b
een (1
6 years).Tha
t means if the numb
e
r
of
contri
bution
s
on sim
p
le te
chnolo
g
ical te
chn
o
ware
(T
_ts)
= 0.16
8
≤
(T
CC_ts) = 0.398
≤
1, it is
mean
s radio
d
iagn
osti
c in
stallation to
the level
of simple te
chn
o
l
ogy in u
nhe
althy con
d
itio
ns,
con
s
e
que
ntly decrea
s
ing
automatical
ly perfo
rma
n
ce an
d capability co
ntribution
s
also
d
e
c
r
e
as
ed
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 14, No. 2, May 2015 : 353 – 362
360
4.2.2. Measu
rement O
f
Degree O
f
Re
cenc
y
Human
w
a
r
e
Huma
nware at this resea
r
ch i
s
divide
d
according
to the position and tasks of the
existing wo
rkforce, he
alth
worke
r
is divided
into dire
ct health
worke
r
(the docto
r/med
i
cal
person
nel a
n
d
Ra
diog
rafe
r) an
d indi
re
ct
health
wo
rk
e
r
(hea
d of th
e install
a
tion,
the he
ad of t
h
e
room, techni
cians, admi
n
ist
r
ative perso
n
nel), whil
e
the indicators b
e
ing mea
s
u
r
e
d
is an indi
cat
o
r
that can b
e
develope
d
and ap
plied.
Data p
r
o
c
e
ssi
ng at this part seen
that degree
of
sop
h
isti
cation
in the in
stall
a
tion ra
diodi
a
gno
stic
h
a
ve
approa
che
d
the ide
a
l con
d
itions
with t
h
e
overall contri
bution of hu
manw
are (H) = 0.519, wh
ere conditio
n
s
are fa
r ab
ove the level o
f
techn
o
logy
a
t
both T
CC high,
medi
um a
nd
sim
p
le, nam
ely the level
o
f
cont
ribution
of
human
wa
re (H = 0.51
9)
≥
(TCC-tt = 0.49
0, tm = 0.443
-TCC, TCC-t
s
= 0.398
).
4.2.3. Measu
rement on
Direct
Health w
o
r
ker
Direct health wo
rker in
conditions by installing
radiodiagnostic on only
medical
person
nel
(p
hysici
an
s Ra
diology) an
d
Radi
ograf
er person
nel wh
o
have bee
n spe
c
ially
trai
ned
for the
op
erat
ion of
a
CT S
c
an
eq
uipme
n
t i.e. H1
(0.746) an
d
H2
(0.569
), the
magnitud
e
of
the
H1 a
nd H2 th
at excee
d
s th
e amou
nt of the c
ontrib
u
tio
n
huma
n
ware
H (0.5
19
) an
d also on the
value of the
TCC (T
CC-tt
= 0.4
90, tm
= 0.4
43-
TCC, TCC-ts
=
0.398).
This m
ean
s a
s
pe
cts of
human
wa
re
are q
u
ite re
a
d
y to embra
c
e te
chn
o
logi
cal d
e
velopm
ents in m
edi
cal e
quipm
e
n
t,
whi
c
h will imp
r
ove man
age
ment or ad
d a much m
o
re
up-to
-date fa
cility/modern.
4.2.4. Meas
urement o
n
Indirect
Heal
th Work
er
Indire
ct healt
h
wo
rker h
e
re
includ
e he
ad
installa
tion, i
n
ternal
and e
x
ternal techni
cian te
chni
cia
n
s
from the sin
g
le age
nt Administration
Officer a
s
well as tool origin. From th
e measurem
ent
results obtain
ed
(0.54
9
)
H3
and
H4
(0,21
1
), thi
s
m
ean
s that
the
ne
cessary
staff a
nd officers
an
d
held a
sp
ecia
l admini
s
trati
on skill
s en
ha
ncem
ent in o
r
der to in
crea
se the re
sp
on
se time the tim
e
servi
c
e, so all
lines of hum
anware
can
run well.
4.2.5. The High Bas
e
-tec
hnolog
y
Gap on Techno
w
a
re Comp
on
ent
Und
e
rlying th
e low
contri
b
u
tion of high
techn
o
logy o
n
techn
o
ware
once
com
p
a
r
ed the
state of the a
r
t (SOA), a
s
well a
s
with the re
sult
s of
studie
s
di
re
ct
ly to the existence of hig
h
-t
ech
equipm
ent o
w
ne
d by the i
n
stallatio
n
of
Radi
odi
ag
no
stik until the y
ear
and
mont
h co
mpo
nent
s of
some
mea
s
u
r
eme
n
t tech
n
o
logy with th
e main
com
p
onent level o
n
a CT
-Scan,
clea
r loo
k
th
at
"Hou
sing
Tu
be Assem
b
le
y (THA)" T
1
_
tt (SOA = 0.
25) a
nd
cont
ribute o
n
ly re
ach
ed 0.3
33,
as
well a
s
o
n
th
e "high
-
volta
ge po
we
r sy
stem" T2
_tt (SOA = 0.30
) and
contri
bu
tions
whi
c
h o
n
ly
rea
c
he
d leve
l T_tt =
0.35
6 contrib
u
tio
n
mea
n
s a
p
o
sition
und
er the T
C
C_tt = 0.4
90.
Wh
en
comp
ared to
t
he State
of th
e a
r
t (S
OA)
a
r
e fa
r
behi
nd,
ca
n
und
ersta
nd that
CT
S
c
an
si
ngle
slice
is install
ed si
nce 2
003 i
s
up to date a
t
the time, b
u
t with the developme
n
t time as
well
as
advan
ce
s in
techn
o
logy
that have be
en po
ppin
g
up for
a 64
slice CT Scan, CT S
c
a
n
of
immedia
c
y m
ean
s in
stallati
on
radio
d
iag
n
o
stic po
siti
on
s a
r
e
only
at l
e
vel (T
_tt)
=
0.356,
re
sulting
in mu
ch l
o
wer a
gain
s
t T
C
C_tt = 0.4
9
0
, espe
cially if com
pared
with the
technolo
g
y of to
day
(SOA = 0.99
9
)
.
4.2.6. The Intermediate-te
c
hnolog
y
Gap on Techno
w
a
r
e
Compo
n
ent
Und
e
rlying t
h
e low contrib
u
tion of hi
gh
techn
o
logy o
n
tech
no
wa
re
after
comp
ared with
State-of-the
-a
rt, as well a
s
with the
re
sults
of
studi
es di
re
ctly to the existen
c
e of a denta
l
pano
rami
c e
quipme
n
t wit
h
a
capa
city
of 300 mA
/1
20 KV, almo
st all
sub
co
mpone
nts
are very
far behi
nd tech
nolo
g
ical
advances i
n
re
cent
ye
ars, the ave
r
age val
ue
of the maximum
contri
bution
o
n
ly wh
ere
T_t
m
= 0.20
(
≤
0.20 SOA
≤
1)
. L
o
c
a
lly ins
t
a
l
le
d
tec
h
no
lo
gie
s
s
i
nc
e 2
003
have n
o
t un
d
e
rgo
ne
rejuv
enation
tech
nology,
so it
has not
bee
n
able
to offset the p
o
wer of
resili
en
ce in the glob
al cu
rrents. Immedi
acy of
Panoramic de
ntal x-ray
s
that there co
uld only
be
at level (T_tm) = 0.256,
still much lo
wer agai
nst T
C
C_tm = 0.4
43, espe
ciall
y
if compa
r
e
d
with
the techn
o
log
y
of today (SOA = 0.999
).
4.2.7. The Simple-te
chno
log
y
Gap on Techno
w
a
r
e
Compon
ent
Und
e
rlying th
e low
co
ntrib
u
tion techno
ware on te
ch
nology i
s
si
mple on
ce
compa
r
e
d
State-of-the
-a
rt, as
well a
s
with the
re
sults of st
u
d
ie
s directly to t
he existe
nce
of the po
rta
b
le
equipm
ent de
ntal x-rays ca
pacity of 8 mA/70 KV
Radiodiag
nosti
c Installatio
n
owned by almost
all sub
co
mp
onent
s a
r
e
very far be
hin
d
technol
ogi
cal adva
n
ces
millenium, m
a
ximum ave
r
age
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Tech
nolo
g
y
Conte
n
t Analysi
s with T
e
chnom
etri
c Th
eory Approa
ch… (Bam
ban
g Guru
h Iriant
o)
361
value of
cont
ribution
s
only
a maximum
o
f
T_ts
= (0.16
8
≤
SOA
=
0.398
≤
0.9
9
).
This i
s
i
ndee
d
the facilities i
n
stalle
d sin
c
e
2003 hav
e
n't chan
ged reju
venation tech
nology.
5. Conclusio
n
(1) T
he pe
rce
n
tage contrib
u
tion of high tech
nolo
g
y eq
uipment tech
noware
pad
a (T_tt =
0.387), hig
h
technolo
g
y (T_tm = 0.2
56) an
d sim
p
le techn
o
lo
gy (T_ts =
0.168), while
fo
r
comp
one
nt tech
nolo
g
ies
Huma
nware (H
= 0,51
9),
(2) T
he pe
rce
n
tage
of the co
ntributi
o
n
revenu
e unit
installatio
n
ra
diodia
gno
stic of t
he overa
ll hospital
rev
enue ove
r
th
e pa
st 5 yea
r
s
sin
c
e 2
008
-2
012terbu
kti d
e
clin
e of 6.8
%
(200
8)
, 4.
3% (20
09),
2
.
5% (201
0),
2.3%(20
11)
and
2.6% (201
2). This mean
s that the installati
o
n
ra
diodia
gno
stic income fo
r 5 years o
n
ly
experie
nced
an avera
ge
gro
w
th of 3.7%, howeve
r
in 2008 the
contri
bution
s
unit install
a
tion
radio
d
iag
n
o
s
tic pre
c
i
s
ely under the ave
r
age estim
a
te
d that only 2.6%.(3) Te
chn
o
logi
cal Asp
e
c
t
on te
chn
o
wa
re
and
hu
ma
nwa
r
e,
wh
ere the
amo
u
n
t
of the
co
ntribution
te
ch
noware
(T_tt)
=
0.358
≤
(T
CC_tt = 0.490)
≤
1, then it can be said tha
t
the ability of techno
wa
re far behi
nd. Th
is
can lead to perform
a
nce i
n
service
will be derail
ed or result
in hi
gh
re
sponse
time to exceed
minimum se
rvice standa
rd
s
(SPM
).
(4) Contri
bution
s
on
simpl
e
te
chn
o
logy te
chno
ware (T_t
s)
=
0.168
≤
(TCC_ts)
= 0.398
≤
1 mean
s o
n
the level of simple te
chn
o
logy in unh
e
a
lthy conditio
n
s,
consequently decreasing
outomatis performance
and capability contributio
ns also decreased.
(4) the
overal
l contri
bution
of human
wa
re (H)
= 0.51
9 whe
r
e
con
d
itions a
r
e
still far above t
h
e
level of techn
o
logy at both
TCC
high, m
edium an
d
si
mple mea
n
s t
hat the level of contri
butio
n of
human
wa
re
(H = 0.5
19)
≥
(TCC-tt =
0.4
90, tm = 0.44
3-T
CC, T
C
C-ts = 0.39
8). B
r
oadly
spe
a
ki
n
g
skill i
s
much more a
ppreci
a
ted than on
edu
cation (qu
a
lification
)
, this is cau
s
ed b
y
often requiri
ng
human resources skill development training t
o
follow,
so the ex
pertise owned can be
stand
ardi
ze
d. With in
dividu
al co
ntrib
u
tio
n
s
rea
c
hi
ng h
u
man
w
a
r
e
(H = 0.5
1
9
)
, felt wa
s e
nou
gh
to
cover on to
the three level
s
of exi
s
ting
equipm
ent
te
chn
o
logy, but
if it is still d
e
e
med
ne
ce
ssary
to improve the skill of humanware can be improved
in the framework
of antici
pating possible
skill
dem
andi
ng techno
wa
re i
s
hig
h
e
r
. (5) The
r
e i
s
a
sig
n
ifica
n
t relatio
n
shi
p
between
the
human
wa
re
a
nd hi
gh-te
ch
equipm
ent o
n
tech
no
wa
re,
medium
si
ze
d an
d
simpl
e
; and
the
r
e i
s
a
con
n
e
c
tion b
e
twee
n
cont
ribution
s
to
the cont
ent
of the te
chnolo
g
y with
the in
crea
sed
prod
uctivity. (6) By ap
plying the
theo
ry of
te
chn
o
m
etric can
b
e
foun
d the
sol
u
tion i
n
the
impleme
n
tation of the policy on install
a
tion of radi
o
d
iagn
osti
c in the future. (7
) The re
sults of
measurement
s of t
he
deg
ree of i
mmedi
acy of th
e te
chnolo
g
y with
respe
c
t to th
e level
of po
wer
of the
state-of-the-art, apparently th
e result i
s
still very far from
th
e immediacy of state of the
art
(1.0). Whil
e
o
n
a high
-tech techn
o
ware
o
n
ly
rea
c
h
ed
T
C
C_tt =
0.49
0, TCC level
high te
ch
nolo
g
y
TCC_tm te
ch
noware
= 0.4
43
simpl
e
te
chnolo
g
y, and
on
the val
u
e
of T
C
C_ts o
n
ly = 0.39
8.(8)
The re
sult
s of measure
m
ent and
calcul
ation of
the contri
b
u
tion of technolo
g
y in some
comp
one
nts
and
hum
anware
techno
ware
for hig
h
-t
ech
T_tt
=
0
.
387, me
diu
m
= 0.25
8 T
_
tm
techn
o
logy, a
nd si
mple te
chnolo
g
y T_ts = 0.1
68 a
n
d
huma
n
ware
H = 0.51
9 thi
s
indi
cate
s th
at
the comp
one
nt has a hig
h
e
r co
ntrib
u
tio
n
of human
ware fro
m
tech
noware.
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y
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a
t
e
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l
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g
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