Indonesi
an
Journa
l
of El
ect
ri
cal Engineer
ing
an
d
Comp
ut
er
Scie
nce
Vo
l.
23
,
No.
1
,
Ju
ly
20
21
,
pp.
5
8
3
~
5
8
9
IS
S
N: 25
02
-
4752, DO
I: 10
.11
591/ijeecs
.v
23
.i
1
.
pp
5
8
3
-
5
8
9
583
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
eecs.i
aesc
or
e.c
om
Sm
ar
t sy
stem fo
r moni
tori
ng
a
mm
onium
n
itrate
sto
rage
wareh
ouse
Maha Kh
alil
I
brah
im
1
,
Nadi
a Mahm
ood
Hussien
2
,
Saa
d Naj
im
A
ls
aad
3
1
Mobile
Com
m
unic
a
ti
ons a
nd
Co
m
puti
ng
Engi
n
e
eri
ng
Dep
art
m
en
t,
Co
ll
eg
e
of
En
gine
er
ing, Univers
ity
of
Info
rm
ation
Te
chno
log
y
a
nd
Com
m
unic
at
ions,
Baghda
d
,
Ira
q
2,3
Com
pute
r
Science
Dep
art
m
ent,
Coll
ege
o
f
Sci
e
nce
,
Mus
ta
nsiri
yah
Univer
si
t
y
,
B
aghda
d,
Ira
q
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ja
n 1
6
, 2
021
Re
vised
Ma
y
29
, 2
021
Accepte
d
J
un
1
1
, 202
1
Amm
onium
n
it
r
at
e
(AN
,
NH
4N
O3)
is
one
of
th
e
m
at
eri
a
ls
used
in
che
m
ic
a
l
industr
y
and
in
agr
ic
u
lt
ure
.
AN
is
not
conside
re
d
a
fire
risk
but
it
is
a
strong
oxidi
zi
ng
age
nt
t
hat
ca
n
le
ad
to
fi
re
and
expl
osion
,
so,
the
amm
onium
nit
rat
e
m
ust
be
stored
under
spec
ifi
c
envi
ronm
ent
al
condi
ti
ons
to
avoi
d
the
occ
urre
n
ce
of
da
nger
ous
situatio
ns.
In
th
is
paper,
a
sm
art
m
onit
or
ing
s
y
st
em
for
Amm
onium
nit
rate
storage
i
s
deve
lope
d.
Th
e
s
y
stem
consists
of
thre
e
-
par
ts:
m
onit
orin
g
che
m
ic
al
s
s
y
st
em
par
t
(MCS
),
ware
house
m
on
it
oring
par
t
(W
MP
),
and
e
m
erg
ency
p
art
(EP).
MCS
inc
lud
es
seve
ra
l
har
dware
components:
Ar
duino
m
ic
roc
on
t
roll
er
,
Ds
18b20
sensor,
MQ
sensors
,
s
y
st
em
for
m
obil
e
comm
unic
at
ion
(GS
M),
globa
l
posi
ti
on
s
y
st
em
(GP
S),
buzz
er
,
and
LCD.
Two
t
y
p
es
of
a
la
rm
s
are
d
esigne
d,
th
e
first
on
e
is
for
the
W
MP
tha
t
to
r
ecei
v
e
the
a
la
rm
when
te
m
per
a
ture
is
exc
e
eds
than
a
spec
if
ic
thre
shold
in
chem
ic
al
ware
house
.
The
sec
ond
on
e
is
for
EP.
It
rep
rese
nts
th
e
rec
e
ive
r
p
art
to
r
ec
e
ive
the
a
la
rm
with
the
locati
o
n
of
the
p
la
c
e
th
at
ind
ic
a
te
s
to
ce
r
tain
gase
s
l
ea
kag
e
th
at
could
ca
use
a
fir
e
or
expl
osion.
Also
,
a
buz
ze
r
is
li
steni
ng
and
dis
play
the
s
ensor
state
on
LCD.
Th
e
s
y
stem
foll
ows
the
object
-
orie
nt
ed
software
engi
ne
eri
ng
(OO
SE)
appr
oac
h
using
unifi
e
d
m
odel
ing
la
nguag
e
(UM
L)
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Amm
on
iu
m
n
it
rate
Ardu
i
no
Ds18
b20 sens
or
Functi
on
al
re
quirem
ents
GP
S
GS
M
MQ se
ns
ors
UML
Use
case
d
ia
gra
m
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Saad Na
j
im
A
l
saad
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f C
om
pu
te
r
Scie
nce
Mustansiriy
ah
Un
i
ver
sit
y
Mustansiriy
ah
Road
, Bag
hda
d,
Ir
a
q
Em
a
il
:
dr
.alsaa
dcs@u
om
us
ta
ns
iriy
ah.
e
du.iq
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
A
m
m
on
iu
m
n
it
rate
NH4NO
3
(AN)
is
an
i
ndus
tria
ll
y
sign
ifi
cant
it
e
m
e
m
pl
oyed
fa
r
an
d
w
ide,
with
a
ye
arly
wo
rld
wi
de
util
iz
at
ion
of
in
excess
of
20
m
illi
on
ton
s
[1]
.
It'
s
an
ino
rg
a
ni
c
com
po
und
init
ia
ll
y
fo
und
in
1659
.
AN
as
a
raw
m
at
erial
has
po
sit
ive
and
ne
gative
i
m
pacts
on
the
env
i
ronm
ent
and
hum
an
li
ves.
I
n
po
sit
ive
it
has
bee
n
util
iz
ed
in
ag
ricult
ure
and
chem
ic
al
i
ndus
trie
s
.
It
ha
s
wide
a
ppli
cat
ion
s
in
t
he
fiel
d
of
nitroge
n
fe
rtil
iz
ers
a
nd
has
r
eplace
d
ur
e
a
in
s
om
e
cases
as
well
as
a
cl
ean
e
nergy
source
i
n
the
ae
r
os
pa
ce
industry
due
to
it
s
natur
al
fr
ie
nd
ly
en
vir
on
m
ent
[2]
.
Als
o,
AN
is
us
e
d
as
an
al
te
rn
at
ive
of
dy
nam
it
e
util
iz
e
d
for
r
ock
s
blasti
ng
in
i
ndus
trie
s.
As
a
ne
gativ
e
par
t,
A
N
is
a
powerfu
l
m
ater
ia
l
and
is
co
ns
ide
red
as
s
ource
of
ox
y
gen
a
nd
it
s
app
li
cat
io
n
is
as
an
oxidize
r
in
ex
plo
si
ves
a
nd
p
r
opel
la
nts
[3]
,
[
4].
Its
haz
ard
e
xists
thr
ough
ou
t
the
stora
ge,
pr
oductio
n
an
d
trans
portat
io
n
wh
e
n
quic
kly
heated,
str
oke,
or
deto
nate
d,
wh
ic
h
le
ads
to
a
hu
ge
nu
m
ber
of
cas
ualti
es
with
di
ff
e
ren
t
ty
pes
of
lo
os
[
5]
.
T
he
us
e
of
AN
le
ad
al
so
t
o
m
any
con
se
quence
s
li
ke
horr
i
ble
ex
plosi
on
ca
us
al
it
ie
s
an
d
e
nv
i
ron
m
ental
po
ll
uti
on,
ca
us
in
g
va
rio
us
disaste
r
s
unti
l
the
pr
esent
day
[
2],
[
4],
[
6]
.
On
e
of
th
es
e
ex
plo
sio
ns
w
as
on
A
ugust
4,
2020,
t
he
e
xp
l
os
io
n
witne
ssed
in
the
Le
ban
e
se
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
, N
o.
1
,
Ju
ly
20
21
:
5
8
3
-
5
8
9
584
capit
al
,
Be
irut,
wh
ic
h
ca
us
e
d
in
the
death
of
a
la
rg
e
num
ber
of
victi
m
s
and
do
ze
ns
of
w
ounde
d
in
ad
diti
on
to
the
econom
ic
l
os
ses
that
the
ci
ty
su
ff
ere
d,
a
nd
it
was
not
the
first
ex
plo
si
on
ca
us
ed
by
am
m
on
ium
nitrat
e,
as
it
w
as
pr
ece
de
d by se
ver
al
e
xplosi
on
s
, th
e
m
os
t fam
ou
s
are:
On
21
st
Se
ptem
ber
20
01,
A
te
rr
ible
exp
l
osi
on
of
am
m
o
niu
m
nitrat
e,
occurre
d
in
T
ou
l
ouse,
in
A
Z
F
factor
y
w
hich
is
a
pr
op
e
rty
of
Gr
a
nde
Pa
r
oisse
Com
pan
y,
Tota
lFi
naElf
Group,
kill
ing
30
pe
op
le
,
.T
he
m
ai
n
industrial
chem
ic
al
s
in
the
facto
ry
we
r
e
am
m
on
iu
m
nitrat
e,
am
m
on
i
um
nitrat
e
-
bas
ed
fer
ti
li
zers
w
it
h
ano
t
her
chem
icals an
d
c
hlo
ri
na
te
d
com
bin
at
ion
s
[
7
]
.
On
Ju
ly
30,
2009
a
factor
y
m
anag
e
d
by
El
Dora
do
Chem
i
cal
c
om
pan
y
bl
azed.
No
ex
pl
os
io
n
occ
urred
i
n
AN,
howe
ver
sp
eci
al
ist
s
on
cal
l
arr
anged
f
or
the
e
xp
l
os
io
n
by
cl
earin
g
to
one
m
il
e,
at
that
po
int
in
th
is
m
ann
er
nee
de
d
to
em
pty
the
m
ajo
rity
in
habi
ta
nts
of
t
he
ci
t
y
wh
e
n
the
cl
oud
of
gas
beg
a
n
cl
eari
ng
ac
r
oss
the cit
y. Mor
e
than 8
0,000 oc
cup
a
nts
wer
e
c
le
ared
al
to
geth
er
[
8
]
.
On
17
April
2013
a
n
e
norm
ou
s
bu
rst
occ
ured
i
n
West,
T
exas
,a
sm
al
l
t
own
i
n
ce
ntral
Texas
,
within
a
sh
ort
tim
e
afte
r
the
wor
k
tim
e
on
the
disast
er
day,
the
fire
so
urce
was
in
a
ro
om
al
located
for
sto
rin
g
seed
cl
os
e to
the am
m
on
iu
m
n
it
rate (AN
)
sto
ra
ge
[
9
]
.
On
A
ugus
t
12,
2015
O
n
A
ugus
t
12,
2015,
Tia
nj
i
n
P
or
t,
in
the
Tia
nj
i
n
Bi
nh
ai
New
Distric
t
(Chi
na
),
encou
ntere
d
e
xplosi
on
of
a
ppr
ox.
800
t
on
s
of
N
H4N
O3
.
T
he
m
assive
erup
ti
on
s
ca
us
e
d
a
la
rg
e
num
ber
of
flam
es in th
e fi
el
d
an
d
t
he pre
se
nce
of m
us
hroo
m
sp
ray
[
01
].
On
Aug
us
t
5,
2020,
the
capit
al
of
Leba
non,
Be
irut
was
sho
ked
by
an
ex
plo
sio
n
that
has
kill
ed
at
le
ast
1
80
people
a
nd
i
nju
re
d
th
ousan
ds
(Bressa
n,
20
20).
T
he
m
ai
n
cause
of
t
he
exp
l
os
io
n
was
the
la
rg
e
am
ou
nt
(appro
xim
a
te
ly
2750
T
on
s
)
of
NH4
NO3
at
the
sit
e.
T
he
de
com
po
sit
ion
of
hu
ge
am
ount
of
am
m
on
ium
nitrat
e
not
only
too
k
t
he
li
ve
s
of
hund
red
s
of
pe
op
le
bu
t
has
al
so
hea
vily
pu
m
ped
nitri
te
s
as
well
as
C
O
2
& CO
into
the
env
i
ronm
ent
[11]
.
In
this
pap
e
r
a
s
m
art
syst
e
m
has
de
velo
pe
d.
It
detect
s
and
warns
of
da
nger
ous
sit
uatio
ns
that
m
ay
le
ad
to
heati
ng
of
am
m
on
ium
nitrat
e
an
d
e
xpos
i
ng
it
to
ig
niti
on
.
The
ai
m
of
the
syst
e
m
is
to
reduce
hu
m
an
and
ec
onom
ic
losses
by
m
on
it
or
in
g
an
d
sen
sing
ris
ks
be
f
ore
they
occur.
The
de
velo
pe
d
syst
e
m
is
based
on
Ardu
i
no
a
nd
GS
M
(g
l
ob
al
syst
e
m
fo
r
m
ob
il
e
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
)
.
Ardu
i
no
ca
n
be
def
i
ne
d
as
a
n
open
sourc
e
m
ic
ro
co
ntro
ll
e
r
platf
or
m
fo
unde
d
on
a
sim
ple
input/
outp
ut
(
I/O
)
boa
rd
in
wh
ic
h
the
processi
ng
is
e
xecu
te
d
by
a
dev
el
op
m
ent
env
i
ronm
e
nt
[1
2
]
.
GS
M
i
s
a
m
od
ule
w
hi
ch
us
e
d
to
tra
ns
m
it
data,
vo
i
ce,
and
SM
S
(
sh
ort
m
essage
serv
i
ce)
[1
3
]
.
W
e
can
de
fine
GPS
as
on
e
of
the
be
nef
ic
ia
l
te
chnolo
gy
that
is
on
e
of
the
m
os
t
eff
ect
ive
ge
neral
-
pur
pose n
a
vi
gation
t
oo
l e
ve
r
est
ablish
ed a
nd im
pr
ov
e
d
t
o date. T
he GP
S r
ecei
ve
r
is a
dev
ic
e
that
us
ing
to
get
the
locat
ion
inf
or
m
at
ion
and
it
’s
al
ways
at
ta
ched
with
an
anten
na
[1
4
]
.T
he
syst
e
m
is
dev
el
op
e
d
bas
ed
on
an
ob
j
ec
t
or
ie
nted
pro
gram
m
ing
(
OOP)
a
ppr
oach
ra
ther
t
han
proc
edural
a
ppro
ac
h.
In
a
nu
ts
hell,
obj
ec
t
OO
P
deals
w
it
h
the
pr
im
ar
y
m
ai
n
par
ts
or
bu
il
di
ng
blo
c
ks
of
the
pro
ble
m
,
wh
il
e
fo
cu
s
ing
on
require
d
ste
ps
t
o pro
du
ce
the
desire
d ou
tc
ome
s is a P
r
ocedu
ral pro
gram
m
i
ng
[
15]
.
2.
RELATE
D
W
ORK
The
de
sig
n
an
d
im
ple
m
entat
i
on
of
Ard
uino
base
d
syst
e
m
s
has
bee
n
a
pp
li
ed
in
se
ver
al
a
pp
li
cat
io
ns
.
A
bri
ef
li
te
ratur
e
rev
ie
w
is
giv
en
her
ea
fter:
A
hom
e
fire
alar
m
s
yst
e
m
based
A
rduin
o
a
nd
GS
M
Mo
dule
ha
s
been
desi
gn
e
d
by
Ma
hza
n
et
al
.
The
ha
rdwar
e
re
qu
i
r
e
m
ents
us
e
d
in
the
syst
em
are
(
Ard
uino
Uno
m
ic
ro
co
ntro
ll
e
r,
LM
35
te
m
per
at
ur
e
se
nsor,
LCD,
GS
M
).
Wh
e
n
the
te
m
per
at
ur
e
is
rea
ched
to
40°C
o
r
m
or
e,
the
syst
em
se
nd
s
a
sho
rt
al
arm
m
essage
to
the
ho
m
e
owne
r
m
ob
il
e
via
G
SM
ne
twork
,
al
so
a
n
al
ert
no
ti
ficat
io
n
on
LCD
will
dis
pl
ay
[16]
.
Kh
ai
ng
et
al
.
[
17]
de
velo
ped
an
a
ut
om
a
ti
c
tem
per
at
ur
e
c
on
t
ro
l
s
yst
e
m
for
co
ntr
olli
ng
of
te
m
per
at
ure
in
the
sm
art
ho
m
e
and
m
od
ern
gadgets.
T
he
ha
rdwa
re
re
qu
i
rem
ents
need
ed
i
n
the
syst
e
m
are
(Arduin
o
Uno
m
ic
ro
co
ntro
ll
e
r,
LM
35
te
m
per
at
ur
e
sens
or,
LCD)
.
Tem
per
at
ur
e
is
dis
p
la
ye
d
on
LCD
disp
la
y
t
o
c
on
t
ro
l
t
he
t
e
m
per
at
ure
in
the
r
oom
.
The
detect
io
n
of
gas
le
a
kag
e
ha
s
bee
n
pr
e
sent
ed
by
Ghos
h,
P.
a
nd
P.K.
D
ha
r
by
desig
ning
a
s
yst
e
m
that
has
the
abili
ty
to
disco
ver
ga
s
l
eakag
e
in
a
dd
i
ti
on
t
o
disco
ver ex
plosi
on and
fire t
oo. T
he
f
la
m
e sensor disc
ov
e
r
ed
the
f
ire
a
nd
m
akes h
i
gh out
pu
t.
Ardu
i
no
switc
hed
on
the
buz
zer
and
s
olen
oi
d
valve
after
getti
ng
the
hi
gh
outp
ut.
The
LCD
showe
d
the
fire
al
ert
m
essage
an
d
the
GS
M
se
nt
a
m
essage
to
the
owne
r
.T
he
virtu
al
te
rm
in
al
sh
owed
th
e
SMS
sen
ding
by
GSM
[18]
.
T
he
le
vel
of
hu
m
idity
m
on
it
or
in
g
was
desc
ribe
d
by
Su
sa
et
al
.
by
pro
po
si
ng
a
syst
e
m
for
a
uto
m
at
ic
ro
om
hu
m
idifie
r
an
d
de
hu
m
i
difier
to
ens
ure
t
he
c
om
fo
rtably
of
the
us
e
r,
by
us
in
g
Ard
uino
U
no
m
ic
ro
co
ntro
ll
e
r,
hum
idit
y
sensor,
Re
ly
,
an
d
LCD,
w
hen
t
he
sens
or
reac
hes
to
certai
n
value
of
hum
i
dity
,
the
hu
m
idifie
r
is
a
ct
ivati
ng
auto
m
at
ic
ally.
LC
D
us
e
d
to
displ
ay
the
value
of
sens
or
[
19]
.
Anothe
r
wirele
ss
ho
m
e
safety
syst
e
m
pr
ese
nted
by
Muh
e
de
n,
K
.,
E.
Er
dem
,
and
S.
Va
nçin.
T
he
y
design
e
d
a
sim
ple
har
dw
a
re
ci
rcu
it
and
use
d
noti
f
ic
at
ion
as
a
te
chn
i
qu
e
of
noti
fyi
ng
us
e
rs
li
nk
e
d
t
o
syst
e
m
.
The
sens
ors
pro
vid
e
the
Ardui
no
dev
ic
e
w
ith
r
ecei
ved
fire,
t
e
m
per
at
ure,
ga
s,
an
d
hum
idit
y
sign
al
s.
T
he
A
rdui
no
i
de
ntifie
s
the
co
ll
ect
ed
inf
or
m
at
ion
with
con
t
ro
l
le
vel
s
ov
e
rtake
a
predefi
ned
th
res
ho
l
d
an
d
com
m
un
ic
at
e
with
W
i
F
i
netw
ork
for
the
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Smart syste
m
f
or
monitori
ng
amm
on
i
um n
it
r
ate stor
age w
are
hous
e
(
Ma
ha Kh
alil
I
bra
him
)
585
no
ti
ficat
io
n
al
arm
m
essage
sen
ding
to
the
m
ob
il
e
us
ers
to
pre
-
scree
n
t
he
ca
pa
bili
ty
of
a
fire
e
ve
nt
[
20
]
.
Var
m
a,
Pr
ab
ha
kar,
an
d
Jay
av
el
pr
op
os
e
d
a
syst
e
m
that
us
es
an
MQ
-
2
s
ens
or
f
or
gase
s
detect
ing
,
a
nd
the
abili
ty
to
diag
no
s
e
the
le
a
ka
ges
of
hurtf
ul
gases
a
nd
al
er
ti
ng
th
rou
gh
he
ard
al
a
rm
s
with
the
hel
p
of
Io
T
,
al
arm
ing
the
r
el
evan
t
aut
hority
abo
ut
the
sit
uation
be
f
or
e
any
acci
den
t
ha
pp
e
ns
th
rou
gh
a
m
essage
util
iz
ing
GS
M
m
od
ule
,
ind
i
vidual
cal
l
and
sen
ding
e
-
m
ail
con
ta
in
s
the
detai
ls
of
the
a
rea
t
hro
ughout
a
n
Ard
ui
no
Ether
net
S
hield
[21]
.
Othe
r
e
ffor
ts
ha
ve
bee
n
m
ade
by
Sr
i
vastava
,
that
e
xam
ines
the
e
xi
ste
nce
of
pois
onous
gases
in
se
rio
us
re
gion
s
a
nd
their
im
pacts
on
m
iners.
A
wireless
se
ns
or
netw
ork
us
e
d
by
a
rea
l
tim
e
m
on
it
or
ing
sys
tem
,
wh
ic
h
co
m
bin
es
m
ult
i
s
ens
or
s,
is
im
pr
ov
e
d.
T
he
surr
oundin
g
en
vir
on
m
ental
par
a
m
et
ers
for
e
xam
ple
te
m
per
at
ur
e,
hu
m
idit
y,
and
di
ff
e
ren
t
t
ox
ic
ga
ses
ha
s
been
screene
d
by
t
he
syst
em
.
An
early
warni
ng
is
al
so
pro
vid
e
d
by
the
syst
e
m
to
help
al
l
m
iners
exist
inside
the
m
ine
fo
r
sav
ing
li
ves
pri
or
to
any
acci
den
t
occ
urs.
T
he
Zi
gb
ee
te
chnolo
gy
is
use
d
by
the
syst
e
m
fo
r
est
ablis
hing
wireless
s
ens
or
netw
ork
.
It
is
a
wireless
netw
orki
ng
sta
ndar
d
IEEE
802.1
5
.
4,
wh
ic
h
is
ap
pro
pr
ia
te
f
or
operati
on
in
ha
r
sh
e
nv
ir
onm
ent
[22]
.
Desig
ning
of
exp
l
os
ive
detect
or
de
vice
is
su
ggest
ed
by
Ra
h
m
awan
that
can
diag
nose
the
existe
nce
of
exp
l
os
ives
t
hro
ugh
the
com
par
iso
n
of
the
val
ue
of
the
m
agnet
ic
fiel
d
so
th
at
an
ob
j
ect
wi
ll
be
show
n
to
be
a
n
exp
l
os
ive
or
not
to
prese
nt
m
or
e
inform
ation
with
the
J
uan
a
ai
rpor
t
a
r
ea
as
an
al
te
rnat
ive
of
c
onve
ntion
a
l
exp
l
os
ive
dete
ct
or
e
quipm
ent.
A
m
agn
et
o
m
et
er
sen
sor
is
us
e
d
by
the
de
sign
that
has
t
he
a
bili
ty
to
cal
culat
e
the
m
agn
it
ude
of
the
m
agn
et
ic
fiel
d
in
the
exp
l
os
ives
a
nd
i
t
is
able
to
send
analo
g
in
pu
t
s
as
vo
lt
age
va
lues
to
the
A
r
du
i
no
showe
d
with
LCD
m
edia
an
d
t
he
bu
zze
r
m
akes
sou
nd,
s
o
t
ha
t
the
c
at
eg
or
y
of
e
xp
l
os
ives
can
be
diag
nosed
[23]
.
A
haza
r
dous
gases
detect
ion
syst
em
was
pr
ese
nted
by
[
24
]
th
rou
gh
de
sign
i
ng
a
syst
e
m
fo
r
hazar
dous
gas
es
detect
io
n.
F
inall
y,
an
am
m
on
ia
(NH3)
sens
or
is
dev
e
lo
pe
d
with
A
r
du
i
no
us
in
g
t
he
PANi
so
luti
on.
T
he
s
ens
or
is
operat
ed
with
r
oom
t
e
m
per
at
ure
an
d
giv
e
s
a
respon
s
e
le
ss
than
100
s
an
d
can
detect
the
har
m
fu
l
ga
s
[25].
The
propose
d
syst
em
is
co
m
po
se
d
of
LC
D
Mo
nitor,
GS
M,
Ard
uino,
th
ree
dif
fer
e
nt
sens
or
s
a
nd
thr
ee
diff
e
re
nt
co
lor
la
m
ps
.
The
Ardu
i
no
a
ct
s
as
co
ntro
ll
er
t
o
ind
ic
at
e
the
le
vel
of
gas
by
one
of
the
colo
r
lam
ps
disp
la
ye
d
on
LCD
m
on
it
or
.
The
no
ti
ficat
ion
is
represe
nt
ed
as
GS
M
m
essage
sent
by
GS
M
m
od
ule.
The
s
yst
e
m
has
the
abili
ty
to
detect
LPG
with
50
inc
h
es
a
nd
de
te
ct
bo
th
Hy
dro
gen
a
nd
m
et
han
e
gases wit
h 3
0
i
nch
e
s
distance
3.
REQUIRE
M
ENTS
The
functi
ons
or
t
he
se
rv
ic
es
of
t
he
propose
d
syst
em
are
pr
esente
d
as
high
-
le
vel
abstr
ac
t
sta
tem
ents
thr
ough the
foll
ow
in
g
cl
assi
ficat
ion
.
3.1.
F
unct
i
onal
r
equire
me
n
ts
a)
The hig
her o
f
t
e
m
per
at
ure
of
war
e
hous
e
is a
uto
m
at
ic
ally detec
te
d.
b)
The
le
a
kag
e
of
g
ases
is a
uto
m
at
ic
al
ly
d
et
ect
e
d.
c)
The fire i
n war
ehouse
au
t
om
a
ti
cal
ly
d
et
ect
ed.
d)
The
l
ocati
on of
w
a
reho
us
e a
uto
m
atical
ly
d
et
e
rm
ined.
e)
Pr
ovi
de
facil
it
ie
s for ra
pid
ala
rm
an
d
im
m
ediat
e respo
ns
e.
The
syst
em
sh
ou
l
d
sen
d
an
al
arm
m
essage
SMS
to
war
e
hous
e
m
on
it
or
in
g
par
t
(
W
M
P)
a
nd
em
erg
ency
par
t
(EP)
The
syst
em
sh
ou
l
d
se
nd the
locati
on of
warehouse
which
expose
d
t
o pro
blem
.
The
syst
em
sh
ou
l
d raise
an al
arm
to
al
ert ab
ou
t a
ny
unwa
nt
ed
sta
te
.
f)
Disp
la
y t
he
stat
e o
f
the se
nsor
s on
LC
D
a
nd
update e
ver
y
5 sec
ond aut
om
a
ti
cal
ly
.
3.2.
Nonfunc
tional
r
eq
uire
ment
Thr
ee
ty
pes
of
no
nfu
nctiona
l
requirem
ents
are
c
on
si
der
e
d:
q
ualit
y,
pla
tfor
m
and
m
e
thodo
l
og
y
requirem
ent
:
a)
Qu
al
it
y R
eq
uir
e
m
ents
Re
sp
onse
ti
m
e
:
is
a
basic
pr
inciple
s
of
qual
it
y
req
uirem
ents.
The
syst
em
sh
ould
be
desi
gned
in
a
ra
pi
d
respo
ns
e ti
m
e t
o
a
ny sit
uatio
n.
Re
li
abili
t
y:
The
syst
e
m
sh
oul
d be
giv
e
sam
e
r
es
ults co
ntin
uous
ly
i
n
the
sa
m
e conditi
on.
Av
ai
la
bili
ty
: The syste
m
sh
ou
ld
be
ab
le
t
o be
us
e
d
i
n
al
l t
he t
i
m
e.
Allowa
nces
f
or
m
a
intai
nab
il
it
y
and
enh
a
nce
m
ent:
-
The
syst
e
m
has
the
flexibili
ty
to
add
ha
rdwar
e
or
so
ft
war
e
for i
m
pr
ov
em
ent.
b)
Plat
fo
rm
Requ
i
rem
ents
This ty
pe o
f
re
qu
i
rem
ent includ
e
s the
envir
onm
ent an
d
te
c
hnol
og
y
of
the
s
yst
e
m
:
Com
pu
ti
ng
pl
at
fo
rm
:
the
s
yst
e
m
wo
r
ks
on
windows
10
op
e
rati
ng
syst
e
m
64
bit
with
4GB
RAM/
1.80G
H
process
or,
Ardu
i
no
U
no
m
i
cro
c
ontrolle
r
R3
,
M
Q5
se
ns
or,
MQ
9
se
ns
or,
Ds
18b2
0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
, N
o.
1
,
Ju
ly
20
21
:
5
8
3
-
5
8
9
586
sens
or
,
GS
M,
GP
S
neo
6m
,
LCD,
Brea
d
boar
d,
Re
sist
an
ce,
Ju
m
per
wir
es,
Buzze
r
,
PC
,
powe
r
sup
pl
y
and Cable
.
Tech
no
l
og
y
use
d:
The
syst
e
m
us
es
Ard
uino
C
la
ngua
ge
al
so
in
ad
diti
on
to
m
any
anot
her
to
ols
an
d
li
br
aries
i
nclud
e
s
G
SM,
Liqu
i
dCrysta
l,
TinyGP
S++,
Softwa
reSe
rial
,
SPI,
One
W
ire
-
m
ast
er
,
Dall
asTem
per
at
ur
e li
braries
, (Sta
rU
ML
ap
pl
ic
at
ion
)
.
c)
Me
thodo
l
og
y
Re
qu
irem
ents
The
syst
em
design
s
a
nd
im
plem
entat
ion
s
accor
ding
to
a
n
obj
e
ct
or
ie
nt
ed
m
e
tho
dolo
gy
us
in
g
unifi
ed
m
od
el
ing
lan
guage
(
UML)
.
4.
US
E
CASE
M
ODELIN
G
A
U
M
L
u
s
e
c
a
s
e
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
i
s
a
v
i
s
u
a
l
t
o
o
l
w
h
i
c
h
g
i
v
e
s
a
s
i
m
p
l
e
w
a
y
f
o
r
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g
a
m
o
n
g
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
r
’
s
s
y
s
t
e
m
'
s
,
e
n
d
u
s
e
r
s
a
n
d
d
o
m
a
i
n
e
x
p
e
r
t
s
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
c
a
s
e
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
u
s
e
c
a
s
e
/
c
a
s
e
s
a
n
d
a
c
t
o
r
s
/
a
c
t
o
r
s
.
E
a
c
h
a
c
t
o
r
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
u
s
e
c
a
s
e
s
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
d
e
p
i
c
t
s
t
h
e
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
u
s
e
c
a
s
e
m
o
d
e
l
.
I
t
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
t
h
r
e
e
a
c
t
o
r
s
a
n
d
s
i
x
b
a
s
i
c
u
s
e
c
a
s
e
s
w
i
t
h
(
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
i
o
n
,
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
i
n
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
)
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
Figure
1
.
Use
c
ase dia
gr
am
o
f t
he
syst
em
5.
CLASS
DI
AGRA
M
The
syst
em
is
m
od
el
ed
by
cl
ass
diag
ram
wh
ic
h
is
a
sta
ti
c
structu
re
diagra
m
.
It
includes
al
l
at
tribu
te
s
and
op
e
rati
ons
that
are
need
e
d
to
inv
est
i
gate
the
syst
e
m
.
Figure
2
il
lustrate
s
the
cl
asses
and
their
re
la
ti
on
s
(associ
at
ion
a
nd
gen
e
rali
zat
ion
)
.
Figure
2
.
C
la
ss d
ia
gram
o
f
t
he
syst
e
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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4752
Smart syste
m
f
or
monitori
ng
amm
on
i
um n
it
r
ate stor
age w
are
hous
e
(
Ma
ha Kh
alil
I
bra
him
)
587
6.
PR
O
P
OSE
D SYSTE
M
The
syst
em
con
sist
s
of
t
hr
ee
-
par
ts:
m
on
it
or
ing
c
hem
ic
al
s
s
yst
e
m
(MCS)
par
t,
war
e
house
m
on
it
or
i
ng
par
t
(
WMP
),
and
em
erg
e
nc
y
par
t
(EP).
T
he
desi
gn
of
MC
S
par
t
is
con
t
ro
ll
ed
by
ATm
ega3
28
wh
ic
h
is
connecte
d
t
o
the
m
any
co
m
po
ne
nts:
DS2
0B
18
te
m
per
at
ure
sens
or,
MQ
5
sens
or,
MQ
9
sensor,
GP
S
,
GS
M,
LCD,
an
d
buz
zer.
Fig
ur
e
3
r
epr
ese
nts
the
bl
ock
dia
gr
am
of
the
MC
S.
It
i
nclu
des
al
l
senso
rs
a
nd
GP
S
as
an
input m
od
ules
m
ic
ro
co
ntro
ll
e
r
as a
pr
ocessin
g un
it
wh
il
e
G
SM, LCD
a
nd
bu
zze
r
as
an o
utput u
nit
.
The
te
m
per
at
ur
e
sens
or
c
on
ti
nu
ously
m
easur
es
t
he
tem
per
at
ur
e
for
t
he
warehouse
.
I
f
th
e
tem
per
at
ur
e
is
excee
ding
t
o
a
predete
rm
ine
d
value,
a
n
S
MS
al
arm
m
es
sage
will
be
s
ent
to
t
he
sec
ond
pa
rt
(
W
MP
)
by
the
GS
M
m
od
ule
t
o
in
dicat
e
ba
d
stora
ge
f
or
che
m
ic
al
s
and
M9
are
use
d
t
o
m
on
it
or
the
le
ak
age
of
gases
in
t
he
w
areho
us
e.
MQ
5
sen
sor
is
sen
sit
ive
for
nat
ural
gas,
LP
G,
c
oal
gas,
m
et
han
e,
Et
hano
l
,
a
nd
ot
he
r
gases.
M
Q9
se
ns
or
is
se
ns
it
ive
to
Ca
rbo
n
Mono
xid
e,
flam
m
able
gasses,
and
oth
e
r
gase
s.
If
a
ny
le
aka
ge
f
or
g
ases is
d
et
ect
ed,
t
he
SM
S al
ert m
essage w
i
ll
b
e se
nt to
t
he
EP part
by the
G
SM m
odule.
The
value
s
of
t
e
m
per
at
ure
a
nd
the
noti
ficat
ion
of
gas
sens
or
s
are
dis
play
ed
on
the
LCD
.
Als
o,
SM
S
al
arm
co
ntains
the locati
on
of
the w
a
re
hous
e
in Go
og
le
a
ppli
cat
ion
in f
or
m
o
f
lat
it
ud
e a
nd
longit
ude.
Fig
ur
e
4
dep
ic
ts t
he
ha
r
dw
a
re co
m
pone
nts o
f
MC
S
pa
rt. Th
e m
ic
ro
con
t
ro
ll
er is th
e h
eart o
f
this par
t. It
do
es c
ontr
ol o
n
al
l t
he
com
pone
nts
work.
Ard
uino C la
ngua
ge
is u
se
d f
or
pr
ogram
m
ing
M
CS p
a
rt
.
Figure
3.
Bl
oc
k
diag
ram
o
f M
CS
Figure
4
.
Ha
rdwar
e
co
m
pone
nts
of
MC
S
p
a
r
t
7.
RESU
LT
S
AND DI
SCUS
S
ION
This
sect
io
n
de
scribes
t
he
r
esults
pe
rfor
m
ed
by
the
t
hree
par
ts
of
th
e
whole
syst
em
and
thei
r
resp
ect
ive
e
xp
erim
ents
as
well
as
the
ov
eral
l
syst
e
m
exp
er
i
m
ents.
The
syst
e
m
design
e
d
to
reduce
the
r
isk
of
a
m
m
on
ium
nit
rate.
T
he
syst
e
m
in
ge
ner
al
m
on
it
or
s
the
st
or
a
ge
sta
tus
of
am
m
on
iu
m
nitrat
e.
The
re
a
r
e
three
sta
tus ty
pes:
Stat
us
1
:
Ea
rly
wa
rn
i
ng
be
gins
if
am
m
on
ium
nitrat
e
is p
oorl
y
store
d
i
n
the
w
are
hous
e
a
nd
the
te
m
pe
rature
exceede
d
the
pe
rm
issi
ble
lim
i
t
of
55
°
C
w
hi
ch
represe
nt
the
thres
hold
th
at
us
ed
m
os
tl
y
in
fire
detect
ing
fire syste
m
.
In
this case, a
n
al
arm
is init
ia
te
d
b
y t
ri
gg
e
rin
g
t
he bu
zze
r, an
d
sen
ding SMS
m
essage to W
MP
par
t.
S
t
a
t
u
s
2
:
C
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
a
l
a
r
m
s
t
a
r
t
s
i
n
c
a
s
e
o
f
l
e
a
k
a
g
e
a
g
a
s
e
s
t
h
a
t
c
o
u
l
d
l
e
a
d
t
o
f
i
r
e
o
r
e
x
p
l
o
s
i
o
n
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
c
a
s
e
,
a
n
S
M
S
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
w
i
l
l
b
e
s
e
n
t
t
o
(
E
P
)
p
a
r
t
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
(
a
)
a
n
d
(
b
)
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
s
t
a
t
u
s
1
a
n
d
s
t
a
t
u
s
2
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
.
Stat
us
3
: The
f
inal st
at
us
is w
hen
e
ver
yt
hi
ng is n
or
m
al
. N
o
al
arm
is i
nit
ia
t
ed.
Fig
ure 6
(a)
-
(c
)
il
lustrate
s th
e
three case
s
on the LC
D.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2502
-
4752
Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci,
Vo
l.
23
, N
o.
1
,
Ju
ly
20
21
:
5
8
3
-
5
8
9
588
(a)
(b)
Figure
5. S
ta
tu
s 1
an
d
sta
tu
s
2 res
pecti
vely
; (
a)
SMS
alarm
wh
e
n ba
d
st
or
a
ge occu
rr
e
d
a
nd
(b)
SMS ala
r
m
wh
e
n gases
leakage
o
cc
urre
d
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
6.
The
f
inal st
at
us
; (a
) S
ta
tus
1
,
(b)
S
ta
tus
2
, a
nd
(c
)
S
ta
tus
3
8.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
Ba
sed
on
the
resu
lt
s,
the
sy
stem
can
ef
fec
ti
vely
identify
an
d
m
on
it
or
the
sto
rag
e
of
am
m
on
iu
m
nitrat
e
(AN)
war
e
hous
e
.
I
n
this
pap
e
r
a
sm
art
a
la
r
m
m
on
it
or
ing
sy
stem
fo
r
am
mo
ni
um
nitrat
e
has
bee
n
desig
ne
d
an
d
i
m
ple
m
ented.
It
’s
a
real
-
tim
e
syst
e
m
that
aimed
to
reduce
t
he
victim
s
and
econom
ic
losses.
It
giv
es
t
he
co
rrec
t
locat
ion
of
a
m
m
on
ium
ni
trat
e
war
e
house
with
hi
gh
ac
cur
acy
a
nd
i
nfor
m
on
the
ty
pe
of
pro
blem
that
occu
rs
.
It
dev
el
o
pe
d
base
d
on
ob
j
ect
-
ori
ente
d
a
ppr
oach
em
plo
ye
d
the
int
el
li
gen
t
se
ns
or
s.
T
he
syst
e
m
designed
usi
ng
a
sim
ple
m
od
ule
wi
th
low
cost
a
nd
ease
of
us
e.
It
shou
l
d
be
note
d
t
hat
am
mo
ni
um
nitrat
e
un
dergoes
dec
om
po
sit
ion
at
hi
gh
e
r
te
m
per
at
ur
es
(
≥
170˚C).
But
in
this
resea
rc
h,
the
D
S18
b20
s
ens
or
has
bee
n
us
ed
with
detect
io
n
capaci
ty
ranging
from
-
55
°C
to
125°
C
bec
ause
the
syst
e
m
aims
to
detect
the
pro
blem
earli
e
r
tha
n
the
ti
m
e
it
occu
r
s.
It
is
reco
m
m
on
de
d
to
us
i
ng
a
hu
m
idit
y
senso
r
to
te
st
the
hu
m
idity
value
of
st
or
e
d
A
N
at
p
a
rtic
ular
te
m
per
at
ur
e
.
Als
o,
a
ddin
g
ne
w
se
nsors
s
uc
h
as
MQ
13
7
Amm
on
ia
gas
sens
or
and
cal
ibrate
d nit
ric oxide
(
N
O)
gas
senso
r wil
l be
helpe
d t
o
inc
rease syst
e
m
s f
unct
iona
li
ty
.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
We
are
gr
at
ef
ul
for
the
s
upport
receive
d
from
the
dep
artm
ent
of
Com
pu
te
r
Scie
nc
e/
Coll
ege
of
Scie
nce/M
us
ta
ns
iriy
ah
Un
i
ve
rsity
/B
agh
da
d/
Ir
a
q
an
d
dep
a
r
t
m
ent
of
Mo
bile
Com
m
un
ic
a
ti
on
s
a
nd
C
ompu
ti
ng
En
gin
eeri
ng
/C
ollege
of
E
ng
i
neer
i
ng
/
Un
i
ver
sit
y
of
I
nfor
m
at
ion
Technolo
gy
an
d
Com
m
un
icati
ons
/B
aghdad
/I
ra
q for this
resea
rc
h.
REFERE
NCE
S
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X.
Bara
z
a,
A.
Pe
y
,
and
J.
Gim
énez
,
“
The
self
-
sus
t
ai
ning
de
compos
it
ion
of
amm
onium
nit
rat
e
f
ertil
iser:
Case
stud
y
,
Escombrera
s
val
l
e
y
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”
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ardo
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Babra
uskas,
“
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oniu
m
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rate
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rag
e
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tra
nsport
at
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e
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ven
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ts
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of
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ardous
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rials
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Ind
on
esi
a
n
J
E
le
c Eng &
Co
m
p
Sci
IS
S
N:
25
02
-
4752
Smart syste
m
f
or
monitori
ng
amm
on
i
um n
it
r
ate stor
age w
are
hous
e
(
Ma
ha Kh
alil
I
bra
him
)
589
[3]
S
.
Chat
urve
di
a
nd
P
.
N.
Dave
,
“
Revi
ew
on
The
rm
al
Dec
om
positi
on
of
Amm
onium
Nitra
te
,
”
in
Journal
o
f
Ene
rget
ic
Ma
te
r
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s
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vo
l.
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doi
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H.
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Q.
Cao,
L.
Ji
ang,
Q.
-
L.
Duan
,
D.
Zh
ang,
H
.
-
D.
Chen,
and
J
-
H
Sun
,
“
An
expe
rimental
and
th
eor
etical
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y
o
f
opti
m
iz
ed
sel
ec
t
i
on
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m
odel
rec
onstruction
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amm
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ra
te
p
y
ro
l
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i
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[5]
Z.
Han
,
“
Th
ermal
St
abi
l
ity
Stud
ie
s
of
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m
onium
Nitra
te
,
”
Doct
ora
l
d
isserta
t
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ring
,
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xas
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&
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rsi
t
y
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Y.
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K.
Sh
iot
a
,
and
A.
Miy
ak
e
,
“
Condens
ed
-
phase
p
y
rol
ysis
m
ec
hani
sm
of
amm
onium
nit
rate
base
d
on
det
a
il
ed
k
ine
t
ic
m
odel
,
”
in
J
ournal
of
Analytical
and
App
li
ed
P
yroly
sis
,
vol
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no
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a
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[7]
N.
Dec
h
y
,
T.
Bo
urde
aux,
N.
A
y
r
aul
t
,
M.
-
A.
Kor
dek,
and
J.
-
C.
L
e
Coze
,
“
First
les
sons
of
the
Tou
louse
amm
oniu
m
nit
rate
disast
er,
21st
Septe
m
ber
2001,
AZF
pla
n
t,
Franc
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